pixa/internal/imgcache/cache.go

package imgcache

import (
	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"path/filepath"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

// Cache errors.
var (
	ErrCacheMiss     = errors.New("cache miss")
	ErrNegativeCache = errors.New("negative cache hit")
)

// HTTP status code for successful fetch.
const httpStatusOK = 200

// CacheConfig holds cache configuration.
type CacheConfig struct {
	StateDir        string
	CacheTTL        time.Duration
	NegativeTTL     time.Duration
	HotCacheSize    int
	HotCacheEnabled bool
}

// hotCacheEntry stores all data needed to serve a cache hit without DB access.
type hotCacheEntry struct {
	OutputHash  string
	ContentType string
	SizeBytes   int64
}

// Cache implements the caching layer for the image proxy.
type Cache struct {
	db              *sql.DB
	srcContent      *ContentStorage
	dstContent      *ContentStorage
	srcMetadata     *MetadataStorage
	config          CacheConfig
	hotCache        map[string]hotCacheEntry // cache_key -> entry
	hotCacheMu      sync.RWMutex
	hotCacheEnabled bool
}

// NewCache creates a new cache instance.
func NewCache(db *sql.DB, config CacheConfig) (*Cache, error) {
	srcContent, err := NewContentStorage(filepath.Join(config.StateDir, "cache", "src-content"))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create source content storage: %w", err)
	}

	dstContent, err := NewContentStorage(filepath.Join(config.StateDir, "cache", "dst-content"))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create destination content storage: %w", err)
	}

	srcMetadata, err := NewMetadataStorage(filepath.Join(config.StateDir, "cache", "src-metadata"))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create source metadata storage: %w", err)
	}

	c := &Cache{
		db:              db,
		srcContent:      srcContent,
		dstContent:      dstContent,
		srcMetadata:     srcMetadata,
		config:          config,
		hotCacheEnabled: config.HotCacheEnabled,
	}

	if config.HotCacheEnabled && config.HotCacheSize > 0 {
		c.hotCache = make(map[string]hotCacheEntry, config.HotCacheSize)
	}

	return c, nil
}

// LookupResult contains the result of a cache lookup.
type LookupResult struct {
	Hit         bool
	OutputHash  string
	ContentType string
	SizeBytes   int64
	CacheStatus CacheStatus
}

// Lookup checks if a processed image exists in the cache.
func (c *Cache) Lookup(ctx context.Context, req *ImageRequest) (*LookupResult, error) {
	cacheKey := CacheKey(req)

	// Check hot cache first
	if c.hotCacheEnabled {
		c.hotCacheMu.RLock()
		entry, ok := c.hotCache[cacheKey]
		c.hotCacheMu.RUnlock()

		if ok && c.dstContent.Exists(entry.OutputHash) {
			return &LookupResult{
				Hit:         true,
				OutputHash:  entry.OutputHash,
				ContentType: entry.ContentType,
				SizeBytes:   entry.SizeBytes,
				CacheStatus: CacheHit,
			}, nil
		}
	}

	// Check negative cache
	negCached, err := c.checkNegativeCache(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if negCached {
		return nil, ErrNegativeCache
	}

	// Check database
	var outputHash, contentType string
	var sizeBytes int64
	var fetchedAt time.Time

	err = c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
		SELECT rc.output_hash, oc.content_type, oc.size_bytes, rc.fetched_at
		FROM request_cache rc
		JOIN output_content oc ON rc.output_hash = oc.content_hash
		WHERE rc.cache_key = ?
	`, cacheKey).Scan(&outputHash, &contentType, &sizeBytes, &fetchedAt)

	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
		return &LookupResult{Hit: false, CacheStatus: CacheMiss}, nil
	}

	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query cache: %w", err)
	}

	// Check TTL
	if c.config.CacheTTL > 0 && time.Since(fetchedAt) > c.config.CacheTTL {
		return &LookupResult{Hit: false, CacheStatus: CacheStale}, nil
	}

	// Verify file exists on disk
	if !c.dstContent.Exists(outputHash) {
		return &LookupResult{Hit: false, CacheStatus: CacheMiss}, nil
	}

	// Update hot cache
	if c.hotCacheEnabled {
		c.hotCacheMu.Lock()
		c.hotCache[cacheKey] = hotCacheEntry{
			OutputHash:  outputHash,
			ContentType: contentType,
			SizeBytes:   sizeBytes,
		}
		c.hotCacheMu.Unlock()
	}

	// Update access count
	_, _ = c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
		UPDATE request_cache
		SET access_count = access_count + 1
		WHERE cache_key = ?
	`, cacheKey)

	return &LookupResult{
		Hit:         true,
		OutputHash:  outputHash,
		ContentType: contentType,
		SizeBytes:   sizeBytes,
		CacheStatus: CacheHit,
	}, nil
}

// GetOutput returns a reader for cached output content.
func (c *Cache) GetOutput(outputHash string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
	return c.dstContent.Load(outputHash)
}

// GetOutputWithSize returns a reader and size for cached output content.
func (c *Cache) GetOutputWithSize(outputHash string) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
	return c.dstContent.LoadWithSize(outputHash)
}

// StoreSource stores fetched source content and metadata.
func (c *Cache) StoreSource(
	ctx context.Context,
	req *ImageRequest,
	content io.Reader,
	result *FetchResult,
) (contentHash string, err error) {
	// Store content
	contentHash, size, err := c.srcContent.Store(content)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to store source content: %w", err)
	}

	// Store in database
	pathHash := HashPath(req.SourcePath + "?" + req.SourceQuery)
	headersJSON, _ := json.Marshal(result.Headers)

	_, err = c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
		INSERT INTO source_content (content_hash, content_type, size_bytes)
		VALUES (?, ?, ?)
		ON CONFLICT(content_hash) DO NOTHING
	`, contentHash, result.ContentType, size)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to insert source content: %w", err)
	}

	_, err = c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
		INSERT INTO source_metadata
			(source_host, source_path, source_query, path_hash,
			 content_hash, status_code, content_type, response_headers)
		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
		ON CONFLICT(source_host, source_path, source_query) DO UPDATE SET
			content_hash = excluded.content_hash,
			status_code = excluded.status_code,
			content_type = excluded.content_type,
			response_headers = excluded.response_headers,
			fetched_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
	`, req.SourceHost, req.SourcePath, req.SourceQuery, pathHash,
		contentHash, httpStatusOK, result.ContentType, string(headersJSON))
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to insert source metadata: %w", err)
	}

	// Store metadata JSON file
	meta := &SourceMetadata{
		Host:            req.SourceHost,
		Path:            req.SourcePath,
		Query:           req.SourceQuery,
		ContentHash:     contentHash,
		StatusCode:      result.StatusCode,
		ContentType:     result.ContentType,
		ContentLength:   result.ContentLength,
		ResponseHeaders: result.Headers,
		FetchedAt:       time.Now().Unix(),
		FetchDurationMs: result.FetchDurationMs,
		RemoteAddr:      result.RemoteAddr,
	}

	if err := c.srcMetadata.Store(req.SourceHost, pathHash, meta); err != nil {
		// Non-fatal, we have it in the database
		_ = err
	}

	return contentHash, nil
}

// StoreOutput stores processed output content and returns the output hash.
func (c *Cache) StoreOutput(
	ctx context.Context,
	req *ImageRequest,
	sourceMetadataID int64,
	content io.Reader,
	contentType string,
) (string, error) {
	// Store content
	outputHash, size, err := c.dstContent.Store(content)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to store output content: %w", err)
	}

	cacheKey := CacheKey(req)

	// Store in database
	_, err = c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
		INSERT INTO output_content (content_hash, content_type, size_bytes)
		VALUES (?, ?, ?)
		ON CONFLICT(content_hash) DO NOTHING
	`, outputHash, contentType, size)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to insert output content: %w", err)
	}

	_, err = c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
		INSERT INTO request_cache (cache_key, source_metadata_id, output_hash, width, height, format, quality, fit_mode)
		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
		ON CONFLICT(cache_key) DO UPDATE SET
			output_hash = excluded.output_hash,
			fetched_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
			access_count = request_cache.access_count + 1
	`, cacheKey, sourceMetadataID, outputHash, req.Size.Width, req.Size.Height, req.Format, req.Quality, req.FitMode)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to insert request cache: %w", err)
	}

	// Update hot cache
	if c.hotCacheEnabled {
		c.hotCacheMu.Lock()
		c.hotCache[cacheKey] = hotCacheEntry{
			OutputHash:  outputHash,
			ContentType: contentType,
			SizeBytes:   size,
		}
		c.hotCacheMu.Unlock()
	}

	return outputHash, nil
}

// StoreNegative stores a negative cache entry for a failed fetch.
func (c *Cache) StoreNegative(ctx context.Context, req *ImageRequest, statusCode int, errMsg string) error {
	expiresAt := time.Now().Add(c.config.NegativeTTL)

	_, err := c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
		INSERT INTO negative_cache (source_host, source_path, source_query, status_code, error_message, expires_at)
		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
		ON CONFLICT(source_host, source_path, source_query) DO UPDATE SET
			status_code = excluded.status_code,
			error_message = excluded.error_message,
			fetched_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
			expires_at = excluded.expires_at
	`, req.SourceHost, req.SourcePath, req.SourceQuery, statusCode, errMsg, expiresAt)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to insert negative cache: %w", err)
	}

	return nil
}

// checkNegativeCache checks if a request is in the negative cache.
func (c *Cache) checkNegativeCache(ctx context.Context, req *ImageRequest) (bool, error) {
	var expiresAt time.Time

	err := c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
		SELECT expires_at FROM negative_cache
		WHERE source_host = ? AND source_path = ? AND source_query = ?
	`, req.SourceHost, req.SourcePath, req.SourceQuery).Scan(&expiresAt)

	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
		return false, nil
	}

	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to check negative cache: %w", err)
	}

	// Check if expired
	if time.Now().After(expiresAt) {
		// Clean up expired entry
		_, _ = c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
			DELETE FROM negative_cache
			WHERE source_host = ? AND source_path = ? AND source_query = ?
		`, req.SourceHost, req.SourcePath, req.SourceQuery)

		return false, nil
	}

	return true, nil
}

// GetSourceMetadataID returns the source metadata ID for a request.
func (c *Cache) GetSourceMetadataID(ctx context.Context, req *ImageRequest) (int64, error) {
	var id int64

	err := c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
		SELECT id FROM source_metadata
		WHERE source_host = ? AND source_path = ? AND source_query = ?
	`, req.SourceHost, req.SourcePath, req.SourceQuery).Scan(&id)

	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to get source metadata ID: %w", err)
	}

	return id, nil
}

// GetSourceContent returns a reader for cached source content by its hash.
func (c *Cache) GetSourceContent(contentHash string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
	return c.srcContent.Load(contentHash)
}

// CleanExpired removes expired entries from the cache.
func (c *Cache) CleanExpired(ctx context.Context) error {
	// Clean expired negative cache entries
	_, err := c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
		DELETE FROM negative_cache WHERE expires_at < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
	`)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean negative cache: %w", err)
	}

	return nil
}

// Stats returns cache statistics.
func (c *Cache) Stats(ctx context.Context) (*CacheStats, error) {
	var stats CacheStats

	err := c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
		SELECT hit_count, miss_count, upstream_fetch_count, upstream_fetch_bytes, transform_count
		FROM cache_stats WHERE id = 1
	`).Scan(&stats.HitCount, &stats.MissCount, &stats.TotalItems, &stats.TotalSizeBytes, &stats.HitRate)

	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get cache stats: %w", err)
	}

	// Get actual counts
	_ = c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `SELECT COUNT(*) FROM request_cache`).Scan(&stats.TotalItems)
	_ = c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `SELECT COALESCE(SUM(size_bytes), 0) FROM output_content`).Scan(&stats.TotalSizeBytes)

	if stats.HitCount+stats.MissCount > 0 {
		stats.HitRate = float64(stats.HitCount) / float64(stats.HitCount+stats.MissCount)
	}

	return &stats, nil
}

// IncrementStats increments cache statistics.
func (c *Cache) IncrementStats(ctx context.Context, hit bool, fetchBytes int64) {
	if hit {
		_, _ = c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
			UPDATE cache_stats SET hit_count = hit_count + 1, last_updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP WHERE id = 1
		`)
	} else {
		_, _ = c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
			UPDATE cache_stats SET miss_count = miss_count + 1, last_updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP WHERE id = 1
		`)
	}

	if fetchBytes > 0 {
		_, _ = c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
			UPDATE cache_stats
			SET upstream_fetch_count = upstream_fetch_count + 1,
			    upstream_fetch_bytes = upstream_fetch_bytes + ?,
			    last_updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
			WHERE id = 1
		`, fetchBytes)
	}
}