pixa/internal/handlers/format_auto.go

package handlers

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"mime"
	"net/http"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"sneak.berlin/go/pixa/internal/imagerequest"
)

// Errors for an Accept header that an auto URL cannot be served for.
var (
	errInvalidAccept = errors.New("invalid Accept header")
	errNotAcceptable = errors.New("not acceptable: auto serves " +
		"image/jxl, image/avif, image/webp or image/jpeg")
)

// chooseAutoFormat returns the format to serve for the requested format: for
// the format auto, the format formatForAccept chooses from r's Accept header,
// and any other format as it is. For auto it adds Vary: Accept to the
// response, which then depends on that header. It answers 400 for an Accept
// header that is not valid and 406 for one that allows none of the formats,
// and reports whether the image can be served.
func (s *Handlers) chooseAutoFormat(
	w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, requested imagerequest.Format,
) (imagerequest.Format, bool) {
	if requested != imagerequest.FormatAuto {
		return requested, true
	}

	w.Header().Add("Vary", "Accept")

	format, err := formatForAccept(strings.Join(r.Header.Values("Accept"), ","))
	if errors.Is(err, errNotAcceptable) {
		s.respondError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusNotAcceptable)

		return "", false
	}

	if err != nil {
		s.respondError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)

		return "", false
	}

	return format, true
}

// formatForAccept returns the format an auto URL is served in for the Accept
// header accept: JPEG XL when it names image/jxl, else AVIF when it names
// image/avif, else WebP when it names image/webp, else JPEG when its most
// specific entry of image/jpeg, image/* and */* allows it, or when it names
// nothing. A q of 0 refuses a format. JPEG XL, AVIF and WebP must be named, as
// clients that cannot show them send image/* and */* too.
func formatForAccept(accept string) (imagerequest.Format, error) {
	qualities, err := parseAccept(accept)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	if len(qualities) == 0 {
		return imagerequest.FormatJPEG, nil
	}

	if qualities[imagerequest.FormatJXL.MIMEType()] > 0 {
		return imagerequest.FormatJXL, nil
	}

	if qualities[imagerequest.FormatAVIF.MIMEType()] > 0 {
		return imagerequest.FormatAVIF, nil
	}

	if qualities[imagerequest.FormatWebP.MIMEType()] > 0 {
		return imagerequest.FormatWebP, nil
	}

	// For JPEG, the most specific entry the header has decides
	quality, named := qualities[imagerequest.FormatJPEG.MIMEType()]
	if !named {
		quality, named = qualities["image/*"]
	}

	if !named {
		quality = qualities["*/*"]
	}

	if quality > 0 {
		return imagerequest.FormatJPEG, nil
	}

	return "", errNotAcceptable
}

// parseAccept returns the q of each media range the Accept header accept
// names, 1 where it gives none. A media range named more than once keeps its
// lowest q, so a refusal is never overridden. A media range that does not
// parse, or a q that is not a number from 0 to 1, is an error.
func parseAccept(accept string) (map[string]float64, error) {
	qualities := make(map[string]float64)

	for entry := range strings.SplitSeq(accept, ",") {
		// A header field list may hold empty entries
		if strings.TrimSpace(entry) == "" {
			continue
		}

		mediaRange, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(entry)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %q: %w", errInvalidAccept, entry, err)
		}

		quality := 1.0

		if qParam, given := params["q"]; given {
			quality, err = strconv.ParseFloat(qParam, 64)
			inRange := quality >= 0 && quality <= 1

			if err != nil || !inRange {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %q: q is not a number from 0 to 1",
					errInvalidAccept, entry)
			}
		}

		previous, named := qualities[mediaRange]
		if !named || quality < previous {
			qualities[mediaRange] = quality
		}
	}

	return qualities, nil
}