Test blocked_networks on both forms of an IPv6 source host holding IPv4

Both image routes: [::203.0.113.5] must answer 403 when blocked_networks
lists ::/96, and [::ffff:203.0.113.5] when it lists ::ffff:0:0/96 or
203.0.113.0/24. The ::/96 and ::ffff:0:0/96 cases fail on this branch:
isBlockedIP matches such an address only by the IPv4 address it holds.

Model: opus-5-5

TODO.md

@@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ P2: security: per-origin rate limiting
 
 # Completed Steps
 
+- 2026-10-16 P1 security bug: the check that keeps pixa from fetching internal
+  addresses refuses the local-use NAT64 range (`64:ff9b:1::/48`, RFC 8215) as it
+  refuses `64:ff9b::/96`, and matches an IPv6 address in the IPv4-compatible
+  form (`::/96`) against `blocked_networks` by the IPv4 address it holds, as it
+  already matched the mapped form (`::ffff:a.b.c.d`) (closes #299). A source
+  host such as `[64:ff9b:1::a00:1]` was fetched, which on a network that runs
+  NAT64 on that range reaches the IPv4 address it holds, here `10.0.0.1`; and
+  with `203.0.113.0/24` in `blocked_networks`, `[::ffff:203.0.113.5]` was
+  refused but `[::203.0.113.5]` was fetched. Both now answer 403.
 - 2026-10-16 P1 security bug: the check that keeps pixa from fetching internal
   addresses judges an IPv6 address in the IPv4-compatible form (`::/96`), such
   as `::127.0.0.1` or `::10.0.0.1`, by the IPv4 address in its last four bytes

internal/httpfetcher/httpfetcher.go

@@ -59,15 +59,17 @@ const (
 // builtinBlockedPrefixes are internal or special-use ranges that Go's
 // net.IP predicates (IsPrivate, IsLinkLocalUnicast, and the like) do not
 // already cover. They are always blocked, in addition to any
-// operator-supplied networks. IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses are unmapped
-// before matching, so these IPv4 ranges are caught in both forms.
+// operator-supplied networks. IPv4-mapped and IPv4-compatible IPv6
+// addresses are read as the IPv4 address they hold before matching, so
+// these IPv4 ranges are caught in all three forms.
 //
 //nolint:gochecknoglobals // immutable built-in blocklist
 var builtinBlockedPrefixes = []netip.Prefix{
-	netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/10"), // RFC 6598 CGNAT / carrier-grade NAT
-	netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.0.0/24"),  // RFC 6890 IETF protocol assignments
-	netip.MustParsePrefix("198.18.0.0/15"), // RFC 2544 benchmarking range
-	netip.MustParsePrefix("64:ff9b::/96"),  // RFC 6052 NAT64 (maps onto IPv4)
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/10"),  // RFC 6598 CGNAT / carrier-grade NAT
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.0.0/24"),   // RFC 6890 IETF protocol assignments
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("198.18.0.0/15"),  // RFC 2544 benchmarking range
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("64:ff9b::/96"),   // RFC 6052 NAT64 (maps onto IPv4)
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("64:ff9b:1::/48"), // RFC 8215 local-use NAT64 (maps onto IPv4)
 }
 
 // Fetcher errors.
@@ -543,12 +545,8 @@ func isPrivateIP(ip net.IP) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	// An IPv4-compatible IPv6 address (in ::/96, such as ::127.0.0.1) holds
-	// an IPv4 address in its last four bytes and is judged as that address
-	if addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip); ok &&
-		netip.MustParsePrefix("::/96").Contains(addr) {
-		return isPrivateIP(ip[12:])
-	}
+	// An IPv4-compatible IPv6 address is judged as the IPv4 address it holds
+	ip = ipv4CompatibleToIPv4(ip)
 
 	// Check for loopback
 	if ip.IsLoopback() {
@@ -607,7 +605,9 @@ func isBlockedIP(ip net.IP, blocked []netip.Prefix) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
+	// An IPv4-compatible or IPv4-mapped IPv6 address is matched as the IPv4
+	// address it holds
+	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ipv4CompatibleToIPv4(ip))
 	if !ok {
 		return true
 	}
@@ -619,6 +619,18 @@ func isBlockedIP(ip net.IP, blocked []netip.Prefix) bool {
 	})
 }
 
+// ipv4CompatibleToIPv4 returns the IPv4 address that an IPv4-compatible IPv6
+// address (in ::/96, such as ::127.0.0.1) holds in its last four bytes, and
+// any other address unchanged.
+func ipv4CompatibleToIPv4(ip net.IP) net.IP {
+	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
+	if ok && netip.MustParsePrefix("::/96").Contains(addr) {
+		return ip[12:]
+	}
+
+	return ip
+}
+
 // ssrfSafeDialer validates IP addresses against the built-in blocked ranges
 // before connecting. New wraps dialSSRFSafe with the operator-supplied
 // blocklist; this entry point enforces the built-in ranges alone.

internal/server/image_proxy_internal_test.go

@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"go.uber.org/fx"
 	"go.uber.org/fx/fxtest"
@@ -183,6 +185,57 @@ func startImageProxy(
 	return s, db.DB(), stateDir
 }
 
+// startImageProxyWithBlockedNetworks starts the components pixad's fx app
+// builds, from a config with a fresh state directory and blockedNetworks as
+// blocked_networks. Unlike startImageProxy it provides no upstream fetcher, so
+// the handlers build the one pixad uses, which checks every address it
+// connects to against the built-in blocked ranges and blocked_networks. It
+// returns the server with its routes.
+func startImageProxyWithBlockedNetworks(
+	t *testing.T, blockedNetworks []netip.Prefix,
+) *Server {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	stateDir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		SigningKey:      testSigningKey,
+		StateDir:        stateDir,
+		DBURL:           "file:" + filepath.Join(stateDir, "state.sqlite3"),
+		BlockedNetworks: blockedNetworks,
+		// A fetch that gets past the checks and finds nothing at the address
+		// fails within this time at the latest.
+		UpstreamFetchTimeout: 2 * time.Second,
+		// With no connection slots, the fetch would fail before connecting.
+		UpstreamConnections: config.DefaultUpstreamConnections,
+		DownstreamTimeout:   config.DefaultDownstreamTimeout,
+	}
+
+	var (
+		h  *handlers.Handlers
+		mw *middleware.Middleware
+	)
+
+	app := fxtest.New(t,
+		fx.Supply(cfg),
+		fx.Provide(
+			globals.New,
+			logger.New,
+			database.New,
+			healthcheck.New,
+			handlers.New,
+			middleware.New,
+		),
+		fx.Populate(&h, &mw),
+	)
+	app.RequireStart()
+	t.Cleanup(app.RequireStop)
+
+	s := &Server{config: cfg, mw: mw, h: h}
+	s.SetupRoutes()
+
+	return s
+}
+
 // getImage sends a GET for target to s and fails unless it answers 200.
 func getImage(t *testing.T, s *Server, target string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
 	t.Helper()

internal/server/source_url_internal_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package server
 import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"regexp"
 	"slices"
@@ -586,3 +587,72 @@ func TestImageRoutesRefuseIPv6SourceHostHoldingInternalIPv4Address(t *testing.T)
 		t.Errorf("upstream received %q, want no request", got)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestImageRoutesCheckIPv4AddressInIPv6SourceHost requests ipv6SourcePath on
+// IPv6 source hosts that hold an IPv4 address, through a /v1/image/ URL with a
+// signature and through an encrypted URL, with the fetcher pixad uses.
+// [64:ff9b:1::a00:1], in the local-use NAT64 range (64:ff9b:1::/48, RFC 8215),
+// answers 403. [::203.0.113.5] and [::ffff:203.0.113.5] hold a public IPv4
+// address in the IPv4-compatible form (::/96) and in the IPv4-mapped form
+// (::ffff:0:0/96). Each answers 403 when blocked_networks lists
+// 203.0.113.0/24, and when it lists the range of its own form. When
+// blocked_networks is empty [::203.0.113.5] is not refused: the fetcher tries
+// to connect to it, finds nothing there, and the request fails with another
+// status.
+func TestImageRoutesCheckIPv4AddressInIPv6SourceHost(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		sourceHost      string
+		blockedNetworks []netip.Prefix
+		wantForbidden   bool
+	}{
+		{"local-use NAT64 form of 10.0.0.1", "[64:ff9b:1::a00:1]", nil, true},
+		{"IPv4-compatible form of an address in blocked_networks",
+			"[::203.0.113.5]",
+			[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("203.0.113.0/24")}, true},
+		{"IPv4-compatible form with ::/96 in blocked_networks",
+			"[::203.0.113.5]",
+			[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("::/96")}, true},
+		{"IPv4-mapped form of an address in blocked_networks",
+			"[::ffff:203.0.113.5]",
+			[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("203.0.113.0/24")}, true},
+		{"IPv4-mapped form with ::ffff:0:0/96 in blocked_networks",
+			"[::ffff:203.0.113.5]",
+			[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("::ffff:0:0/96")}, true},
+		{"IPv4-compatible form of an address with blocked_networks empty",
+			"[::203.0.113.5]", nil, false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		imageURLs := map[string]string{
+			"image URL with a signature": signedImageURL(t, tt.sourceHost),
+			"encrypted URL":              encryptedImageURL(t, tt.sourceHost),
+		}
+
+		for route, imageURL := range imageURLs {
+			t.Run(tt.name+" "+route, func(t *testing.T) {
+				t.Parallel()
+
+				s := startImageProxyWithBlockedNetworks(t, tt.blockedNetworks)
+
+				rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+				s.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+					t.Context(), http.MethodGet, imageURL, nil))
+				t.Logf("GET %s: %d", imageURL, rec.Code)
+
+				forbidden := rec.Code == http.StatusForbidden
+				if tt.wantForbidden && !forbidden {
+					t.Errorf("status = %d, want %d; body %s",
+						rec.Code, http.StatusForbidden, rec.Body.String())
+				}
+
+				if !tt.wantForbidden && forbidden {
+					t.Errorf("status = %d, want any other status; body %s",
+						rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}