Say that losing the state directory forgets the latest logout (part of #256)

The state directory bullet in README.md and the session package doc now
say that the time of the latest logout is kept in the database, which a
restart without a persistent volume loses.

Model: opus-5-5

README.md

@@ -71,9 +71,10 @@ The state directory (`state_dir`, `/var/lib/pixa` in the container) holds the
 database and the disk cache:
 
 - It needs a persistent volume: without one, every restart starts with an empty
-  cache. In the container, the startup script gives the directory to the user
-  pixa runs as (uid 65532) and sets its mode to `750`; outside it, that user
-  must be able to write the directory.
+  cache and forgets the latest logout, so the login sessions that logout ended
+  work again (see Encrypted URLs). In the container, the startup script gives
+  the directory to the user pixa runs as (uid 65532) and sets its mode to `750`;
+  outside it, that user must be able to write the directory.
 - `cache_max_bytes` limits the source and transformed images together. The
   database, the metadata files, the `.meta` file beside each transformed image
   and files still being written come on top, and eviction runs in the
@@ -160,14 +161,6 @@ name.
 Multiple source paths may reference the same content blob; the database tracks
 references rather than using filesystem refcounting.
 
-Source and transformed image files, and the `.meta` file beside each transformed
-image, are written under a temporary name, synced to disk, and only then renamed
-into place, so a crash leaves no file under its own name with part of its data.
-When pixa starts, and every five minutes after, it removes each cached source or
-transformed image whose file is empty, or not the size the database records for
-it, with a warning naming the file; the next request for it fetches the source
-or converts the image again.
-
 pixa's target is 1-5k r/s, which has not been measured at that rate (see Load
 Test). Toward it, pixa keeps in memory the content types of the 10,000
 transformed images most recently cached or served, so a cache hit on one of them
@@ -192,7 +185,10 @@ path under `/v1/` answers 200, in maintenance mode too.
   session it answers 303 to `/`. Answers: 200 with the page showing the URL; 400
   with the page naming a field that is not valid; 500 when the URL cannot be
   made.
-- `GET /logout` — end the login session. Needs: nothing. Answers: 303 to `/`.
+- `GET /logout` — end every login session, in every browser (see Encrypted
+  URLs), and remove the session cookie. Needs: a login session; without one it
+  only removes the cookie. Answers: 303 to `/`; 500 when the logout cannot be
+  saved in the database.
 - `GET` or `HEAD` `/v1/image/<host>/<path>/<size>.<format>`, or
   `/v1/image/<host>/<path>/<size>` with no format — an image, fetched, resized
   and converted (below). Needs: a signature, unless the host is allowlisted (see
@@ -360,7 +356,11 @@ nor change what it asks for.
 
 1. Open `/` in a browser over HTTPS (or over plain HTTP while `debug` is on, see
    Routes) and log in with the signing key (`signing_key`). The login session
-   lasts 30 days, or until `/logout`.
+   lasts 30 days, or until someone logs out at `/logout`. Every login is made
+   with the one signing key, so logging out ends every login session, in every
+   browser: pixa saves the time of the latest logout in its database and refuses
+   a login session made before it, a copy of the session cookie included, also
+   after a restart that keeps the state directory (see Deployment).
 2. On the generator page, give the source image's URL, the width and height, the
    format, quality and fit, and how long the URL lasts, then submit the form
    (`POST /generate`). The format is JPEG XL unless another is chosen; a form

TODO.md

@@ -30,18 +30,18 @@ P2: security: per-origin rate limiting
 
 # Completed Steps
 
-- 2026-10-15 a cached file left empty or partial is no longer served, or fetched
-  again on every request (closes #252). Source and transformed image files, and
-  each transformed image's `.meta` file, are synced to disk before they are
-  renamed into place, and their directory after; the `.meta` file is written
-  before the image, and a failed directory sync removes the renamed file. The
-  reconciliation pass, at startup and every five minutes, removes a cached
-  source or transformed image whose file is empty, or not the size the database
-  records for it, with its rows and a warning naming the file, so the next
-  request fetches the source or converts the image again; requests compare no
-  sizes. Storing a source over a file of another size replaces that file. A
-  source that fails to decode is not removed for that alone: a damaged upstream
-  image would then be fetched on every request.
+- 2026-10-15 logging out ends every login session (closes #256): a login session
+  was a cookie with nothing kept on the server, so `/logout` removed it from one
+  browser and a copy of it kept working for its 30 days. Every login is made
+  with the one signing key, so `/logout` now ends them all: the session manager
+  keeps the time of the latest logout, saves it in the new `logout` table so
+  that it outlasts a restart, and refuses a session made before it. A restart
+  without a persistent volume for the state directory forgets it. A `/logout`
+  without a valid login session, such as one another site makes a browser send
+  without the `SameSite=Strict` cookie, ends none and only removes the cookie. A
+  logout that cannot be saved answers 500. `session.NewManager`, which the tests
+  use, keeps logouts in memory only; pixad uses
+  `session.NewManagerWithDatabase`.
 - 2026-10-15 the example config allowlists no host (closes #249): it allowlisted
   `github.com` and `user-images.githubusercontent.com`, where anyone can put an
   image, so a deployment set up as Getting Started says served those images to

internal/db/migrations/001_schema.sql

@@ -176,3 +176,10 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cache_stats (
     last_updated_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
 );
 INSERT OR IGNORE INTO cache_stats (id) VALUES (1);
+
+-- Time of the latest logout. A login session made before it is refused,
+-- so logging out ends every login session. No row: nobody has logged out.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS logout (
+    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY CHECK (id = 1),
+    logged_out_at DATETIME NOT NULL
+);

internal/handlers/auth.go

@@ -89,10 +89,18 @@ func (s *Handlers) handleLoginPost(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	http.Redirect(w, r, "/", http.StatusSeeOther)
 }
 
-// HandleLogout clears the session and redirects to login.
+// HandleLogout logs out, which ends every login session (see
+// session.Manager.Logout), and redirects to login.
 func (s *Handlers) HandleLogout() http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		s.sessMgr.ClearSession(w)
+		err := s.sessMgr.Logout(w, r)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.log.Error("failed to log out", "error", err)
+			http.Error(w, "Failed to log out", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
 		http.Redirect(w, r, "/", http.StatusSeeOther)
 	}
 }

internal/handlers/auth_session_internal_test.go

@@ -185,6 +185,98 @@ func TestHandleLogout_ClearsSessionCookie(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestHandleLogout_EndsCopiedSession verifies that after GET /logout a copy
+// of the session cookie taken before it shows the login page, not the
+// generator page.
+func TestHandleLogout_EndsCopiedSession(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	h, srv := newCSRFTestRouter(t)
+
+	copied := newSessionCookie(t, h)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/logout", nil)
+	req.AddCookie(copied)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleLogout().ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusSeeOther {
+		t.Fatalf("GET /logout status = %d, want %d",
+			rec.Code, http.StatusSeeOther)
+	}
+
+	req = httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	req.AddCookie(copied)
+
+	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	srv.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	body := rec.Body.String()
+	t.Logf("GET / with the copied cookie: status %d, login page %v",
+		rec.Code, strings.Contains(body, loginForm))
+
+	if !strings.Contains(body, loginForm) || strings.Contains(body, generatorForm) {
+		t.Error("a cookie copied before /logout still opens the generator page")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHandleLogout_SaveFails_Answers500 verifies that when the logout cannot
+// be saved in the database, GET /logout answers 500, leaves the session
+// cookie in place and ends no session.
+func TestHandleLogout_SaveFails_Answers500(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	h, srv := newCSRFTestRouter(t)
+
+	db := setupTestDB(t)
+
+	sessMgr, err := session.NewManagerWithDatabase(
+		t.Context(), testSigningKey, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session.NewManagerWithDatabase() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	h.sessMgr = sessMgr
+	cookie := newSessionCookie(t, h)
+
+	// Saving the logout fails on a closed database.
+	err = db.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("closing the database: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/logout", nil)
+	req.AddCookie(cookie)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleLogout().ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	t.Logf("GET /logout: status %d, Set-Cookie %q",
+		rec.Code, rec.Header().Get("Set-Cookie"))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusInternalServerError {
+		t.Errorf("GET /logout status = %d, want %d",
+			rec.Code, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}
+
+	if c := findSessionCookie(rec); c != nil {
+		t.Errorf("a logout that failed set the session cookie: %s", c)
+	}
+
+	req = httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	req.AddCookie(cookie)
+
+	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	srv.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	if !strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), generatorForm) {
+		t.Error("a logout that failed ended the session")
+	}
+}
+
 // TestGeneratePost_NoSession_RedirectsToLogin verifies that POST /generate
 // with a valid CSRF token but no login session answers 303 to / and makes no
 // URL.

internal/handlers/handlers.go

@@ -163,7 +163,9 @@ func (s *Handlers) initImageService() error {
 
 	// Initialize session manager (signing key is validated at config load
 	// time). Session cookies are always Secure/HttpOnly/SameSite=Strict.
-	sessMgr, err := session.NewManager(s.config.SigningKey)
+	// Logouts are saved in the database, so they outlast a restart.
+	sessMgr, err := session.NewManagerWithDatabase(
+		context.Background(), s.config.SigningKey, s.db.DB())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

internal/imgcache/cache.go

@@ -643,10 +643,10 @@ func (c *Cache) readHitAndMissCounts(ctx context.Context, stats *CacheStats) err
 // hold: it reads the content type from the variant's .meta file and
 // keeps it in metaCache, unless a StoreVariant has put one there
 // meanwhile, as the store's is newer. A read that finds no .meta file,
-// as one can when the store's .meta write failed or an eviction removed
-// the file after the read opened the variant, serves
-// application/octet-stream and keeps nothing, so metaCache only ever
-// holds a type read from a .meta file or passed to StoreVariant.
+// as one can between a store's writing of the variant file and of its
+// .meta file, serves application/octet-stream and keeps nothing, so
+// metaCache only ever holds a type read from a .meta file or passed to
+// StoreVariant.
 func (c *Cache) loadVariantWithMeta(
 	cacheKey VariantKey,
 ) (io.ReadCloser, int64, string, error) {

internal/imgcache/eviction.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/fs"
 	"os"
@@ -543,11 +542,10 @@ func (c *Cache) runReconciliationPass(ctx context.Context) {
 // (or whose accounting insert failed, e.g. StoreVariant's best-effort
 // insert under transient DB contention), drops accounting rows whose
 // files are missing, removes source blob files the database does not
-// know (and rows whose files are gone), removes source and variant files
-// that are empty or not the size their rows record, sweeps stale temp
-// files left behind by crashed writes, and last checks the total cache
-// usage against the tables. It reads the tables a page at a time.
-// Running it periodically, not just once, bounds how long such drift can
+// know (and rows whose files are gone), sweeps stale temp files left
+// behind by crashed writes, and last checks the total cache usage
+// against the tables. It reads the tables a page at a time. Running it
+// periodically, not just once, bounds how long such drift can
 // accumulate unaccounted for on a long-running process to one eviction
 // interval. Once ctx is cancelled, it stops at the next file or row and
 // returns ctx's error.
@@ -579,9 +577,8 @@ func (c *Cache) reconcileAccounting(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return c.reconcileUsageTotal(ctx)
 }
 
-// reconcileVariantFiles walks the variant storage directory, checking
-// each variant file against its accounting row (reconcileVariantFile)
-// and sweeping stale temp files.
+// reconcileVariantFiles walks the variant storage directory, adopting
+// files without accounting rows and sweeping stale temp files.
 func (c *Cache) reconcileVariantFiles(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return filepath.WalkDir(
 		c.variants.baseDir,
@@ -606,55 +603,38 @@ func (c *Cache) reconcileVariantFiles(ctx context.Context) error {
 				return nil
 			}
 
-			return c.reconcileVariantFile(ctx, path, entry, VariantKey(name))
+			return c.adoptVariantFile(ctx, path, entry, VariantKey(name))
 		},
 	)
 }
 
-// reconcileVariantFile checks one variant file against its accounting
-// row. A file without a row is adopted into the accounting, unless it is
-// empty. A file that is empty, or not the size its row records, as a
-// crash or a restored snapshot can leave it, is removed with its row and
-// a warning naming it, so the variant is converted again.
-func (c *Cache) reconcileVariantFile(
-	ctx context.Context, path string, entry fs.DirEntry, cacheKey VariantKey,
-) error {
-	info, err := entry.Info()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to stat variant file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var recordedSize int64
-
-	err = c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx,
-		`SELECT size_bytes FROM variant_content WHERE cache_key = ?`, string(cacheKey),
-	).Scan(&recordedSize)
-
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) && info.Size() > 0:
-		return c.adoptVariantFile(ctx, path, info, cacheKey)
-	case err != nil && !errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows):
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check variant accounting row: %w", err)
-	case info.Size() > 0 && info.Size() == recordedSize:
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// The file is empty, or not the size its row records
-	c.log.Warn("removing damaged cached variant file", "path", path,
-		"file_bytes", info.Size(), "recorded_bytes", recordedSize)
-
-	return c.evictVariant(ctx, cacheKey)
-}
-
 // adoptVariantFile inserts an accounting row for a variant file that
 // has none, using the file's size and modification time.
 func (c *Cache) adoptVariantFile(
-	ctx context.Context, path string, info fs.FileInfo, cacheKey VariantKey,
+	ctx context.Context, path string, entry fs.DirEntry, cacheKey VariantKey,
 ) error {
+	var rowExists int
+
+	err := c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx,
+		`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM variant_content WHERE cache_key = ?`, string(cacheKey),
+	).Scan(&rowExists)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check variant accounting row: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if rowExists > 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	info, err := entry.Info()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to stat variant file: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	modTime := info.ModTime().UTC().Format(sqliteTimestampLayout)
 	contentType := c.variantContentTypeFromSidecar(path)
 
-	_, err := c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
+	_, err = c.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
 		INSERT INTO variant_content
 			(cache_key, size_bytes, content_type, created_at, last_accessed_at)
 		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
@@ -773,9 +753,10 @@ func queryStringColumn[T ~string](
 	return values, nil
 }
 
-// reconcileSourceFiles walks the source content directory, checking
-// each blob file against its source_content row (reconcileSourceFile)
-// and sweeping stale temp files.
+// reconcileSourceFiles walks the source content directory, removing
+// blob files the database does not track (they are unreachable: source
+// lookups always go through source_metadata) and sweeping stale temp
+// files.
 func (c *Cache) reconcileSourceFiles(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return filepath.WalkDir(
 		c.srcContent.baseDir,
@@ -796,55 +777,31 @@ func (c *Cache) reconcileSourceFiles(ctx context.Context) error {
 				return nil
 			}
 
-			return c.reconcileSourceFile(ctx, path, entry, ContentHash(name))
+			return c.removeUntrackedSourceFile(ctx, path, ContentHash(name))
 		},
 	)
 }
 
-// reconcileSourceFile checks one source blob file against its
-// source_content row. A file without a row is removed: it is
-// unreachable, as source lookups always go through source_metadata. A
-// file that is empty, or not the size its row records, as a crash or a
-// restored snapshot can leave it, is removed with its rows and a warning
-// naming it, so the source is fetched again.
-func (c *Cache) reconcileSourceFile(
-	ctx context.Context, path string, entry fs.DirEntry, contentHash ContentHash,
-) error {
-	info, err := entry.Info()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to stat source content file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var recordedSize int64
-
-	err = c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx,
-		`SELECT size_bytes FROM source_content WHERE content_hash = ?`,
-		string(contentHash),
-	).Scan(&recordedSize)
-
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows):
-		return c.removeUntrackedSourceFile(ctx, path, contentHash)
-	case err != nil:
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check source content row: %w", err)
-	case info.Size() > 0 && info.Size() == recordedSize:
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// The file is empty, or not the size its row records
-	c.log.Warn("removing damaged cached source file", "path", path,
-		"file_bytes", info.Size(), "recorded_bytes", recordedSize)
-
-	return c.evictSourceBlob(ctx, contentHash)
-}
-
 // removeUntrackedSourceFile deletes a source blob file that has no
 // source_content row. Any source_metadata rows referencing the hash
 // are removed first so no row ever points at a deleted file.
 func (c *Cache) removeUntrackedSourceFile(
 	ctx context.Context, path string, contentHash ContentHash,
 ) error {
-	_, err := c.db.ExecContext(ctx,
+	var rowExists int
+
+	err := c.db.QueryRowContext(ctx,
+		`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM source_content WHERE content_hash = ?`, string(contentHash),
+	).Scan(&rowExists)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check source content row: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if rowExists > 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	_, err = c.db.ExecContext(ctx,
 		`DELETE FROM source_metadata WHERE content_hash = ?`, string(contentHash))
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete metadata rows for untracked blob: %w", err)

internal/imgcache/partial_cache_files_internal_test.go

@@ -1,359 +0,0 @@
-package imgcache
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"io"
-	"log/slog"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-// getImage calls Get for req and returns the image it answered with and
-// its cache status.
-func getImage(t *testing.T, svc *Service, req *ImageRequest) ([]byte, CacheStatus) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	resp, err := svc.Get(t.Context(), req)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Get() of quality %d error = %v", req.Quality, err)
-	}
-
-	defer func() { _ = resp.Content.Close() }()
-
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Content)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("reading the image of quality %d: %v", req.Quality, err)
-	}
-
-	return body, resp.CacheStatus
-}
-
-// fileSize returns the size of the file at path.
-func fileSize(t *testing.T, path string) int64 {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	info, err := os.Stat(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("stat %s: %v", path, err)
-	}
-
-	return info.Size()
-}
-
-// truncateFile cuts the file at path down to size bytes.
-func truncateFile(t *testing.T, path string, size int64) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	t.Logf("cutting %s from %d to %d bytes",
-		filepath.Base(path), fileSize(t, path), size)
-
-	err := os.Truncate(path, size)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("truncating %s: %v", path, err)
-	}
-}
-
-// cachedSourcePath returns the path of the cached source file req uses.
-func cachedSourcePath(t *testing.T, svc *Service, req *ImageRequest) string {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	contentHash, _, err := svc.cache.LookupSource(t.Context(), req)
-	if err != nil || contentHash == "" {
-		t.Fatalf("LookupSource() = %q, %v; want the cached source", contentHash, err)
-	}
-
-	return svc.cache.srcContent.hashToPath(contentHash)
-}
-
-// reconcileAsAtStartup runs the cache's reconciliation pass, as pixa does
-// when it starts, and returns what the pass logged.
-func reconcileAsAtStartup(t *testing.T, cache *Cache) string {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	var logBuf bytes.Buffer
-
-	cache.log = slog.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(&logBuf, nil))
-
-	err := cache.reconcileAccounting(t.Context())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("reconcileAccounting() error = %v", err)
-	}
-
-	t.Logf("reconciliation log: %s", logBuf.String())
-
-	return logBuf.String()
-}
-
-// assertWarningNames checks that logs hold a warning naming the file at
-// path.
-func assertWarningNames(t *testing.T, logs, path string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	for line := range strings.Lines(logs) {
-		if strings.Contains(line, `"level":"WARN"`) &&
-			strings.Contains(line, `"path":"`+path+`"`) {
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	t.Errorf("reconciliation logged no warning naming %s", path)
-}
-
-// TestService_Get_FetchesAgainForEmptyCachedSource empties the cached source
-// file, as a crash or a restored snapshot could, and runs the reconciliation
-// pass, which must remove it with a warning naming it. It then asks for two
-// new sizes of the source: the first must fetch it again and cache it whole,
-// so that the second is made from the cache without a third fetch.
-func TestService_Get_FetchesAgainForEmptyCachedSource(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	svc, fixtures := SetupTestService(t)
-
-	getImage(t, svc, photoVariant(fixtures, 85, FitCover))
-
-	path := cachedSourcePath(t, svc, photoVariant(fixtures, 85, FitCover))
-	wholeSize := fileSize(t, path)
-
-	truncateFile(t, path, 0)
-	assertWarningNames(t, reconcileAsAtStartup(t, svc.cache), path)
-
-	getImage(t, svc, photoVariant(fixtures, 40, FitCover))
-	getImage(t, svc, photoVariant(fixtures, 30, FitCover))
-
-	fetches := readCacheStatsCounters(t, svc.cache).upstreamFetchCount
-	t.Logf("upstream fetches = %d", fetches)
-
-	if fetches != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("upstream fetches = %d, want 2: the empty cached source "+
-			"was kept and fetched again on every new size", fetches)
-	}
-
-	size := fileSize(t, path)
-	if size != wholeSize {
-		t.Errorf("cached source is %d bytes, want %d", size, wholeSize)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestService_Get_FetchesAgainForPartialCachedSource cuts the cached source
-// file to half its size, as a crash or a restored snapshot could, and runs
-// the reconciliation pass, which must remove it with a warning naming it.
-// It then asks for two new sizes of the source: the first must fetch it
-// again rather than fail to decode the partial file, and the second is
-// made from the cache.
-func TestService_Get_FetchesAgainForPartialCachedSource(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	svc, fixtures := SetupTestService(t)
-
-	getImage(t, svc, photoVariant(fixtures, 85, FitCover))
-
-	path := cachedSourcePath(t, svc, photoVariant(fixtures, 85, FitCover))
-	wholeSize := fileSize(t, path)
-
-	truncateFile(t, path, wholeSize/2)
-	assertWarningNames(t, reconcileAsAtStartup(t, svc.cache), path)
-
-	getImage(t, svc, photoVariant(fixtures, 40, FitCover))
-	getImage(t, svc, photoVariant(fixtures, 30, FitCover))
-
-	fetches := readCacheStatsCounters(t, svc.cache).upstreamFetchCount
-	t.Logf("upstream fetches = %d", fetches)
-
-	if fetches != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("upstream fetches = %d, want 2", fetches)
-	}
-
-	size := fileSize(t, path)
-	if size != wholeSize {
-		t.Errorf("cached source is %d bytes, want %d", size, wholeSize)
-	}
-}
-
-// assertConvertedAgain caches a variant of the photo, cuts its file to size
-// bytes and runs the reconciliation pass, which must remove it with a
-// warning naming it. It then checks that Get converts the image again
-// instead of serving the file, and that the next Get serves the whole
-// variant from the cache.
-func assertConvertedAgain(t *testing.T, size int64) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	svc, fixtures := SetupTestService(t)
-	req := photoVariant(fixtures, 85, FitCover)
-
-	want, _ := getImage(t, svc, req)
-
-	path := svc.cache.variants.keyToPath(CacheKey(req))
-
-	truncateFile(t, path, size)
-	assertWarningNames(t, reconcileAsAtStartup(t, svc.cache), path)
-
-	got, status := getImage(t, svc, req)
-	t.Logf("after the cut: %d bytes, %s", len(got), status)
-
-	if status != CacheMiss || !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
-		t.Errorf("after the cut: Get() = %d bytes, %s; want the %d bytes "+
-			"converted again, %s", len(got), status, len(want), CacheMiss)
-	}
-
-	got, status = getImage(t, svc, req)
-	t.Logf("next request: %d bytes, %s", len(got), status)
-
-	if status != CacheHit || !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
-		t.Errorf("next request: Get() = %d bytes, %s; want the %d bytes, %s",
-			len(got), status, len(want), CacheHit)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestService_Get_ConvertsAgainForEmptyCachedVariant empties a cached
-// variant file, as a crash or a restored snapshot could, and checks that it
-// is converted again rather than served empty.
-func TestService_Get_ConvertsAgainForEmptyCachedVariant(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	assertConvertedAgain(t, 0)
-}
-
-// TestService_Get_ConvertsAgainForPartialCachedVariant cuts a cached
-// variant file to ten bytes, as a crash or a restored snapshot could, and
-// checks that it is converted again rather than served cut short.
-func TestService_Get_ConvertsAgainForPartialCachedVariant(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	assertConvertedAgain(t, 10)
-}
-
-// TestReconciliationRemovesEmptyVariantFileWithoutRow checks that the
-// reconciliation pass removes an empty variant file that has no
-// accounting row, with a warning naming it, instead of adding a row for
-// it that would have it served empty.
-func TestReconciliationRemovesEmptyVariantFileWithoutRow(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	cache, _ := newEvictionTestCache(t, 1<<30)
-
-	_, err := cache.variants.Store(testVariantKeyOne, bytes.NewReader(nil),
-		testContentTypeWebP)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to store an empty variant file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	logs := reconcileAsAtStartup(t, cache)
-
-	assertWarningNames(t, logs, cache.variants.keyToPath(testVariantKeyOne))
-
-	if cache.variants.Exists(testVariantKeyOne) {
-		t.Error("the empty variant file is still on disk")
-	}
-
-	rows := countRows(t, cache,
-		`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM variant_content WHERE cache_key = ?`,
-		string(testVariantKeyOne))
-	if rows != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("the empty variant file got %d accounting rows, want 0", rows)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestVariantStorage_StoreReplacesMetaFile stores a variant over one
-// already stored and checks that Store puts a new .meta file in place of
-// the old one, as it does the image, rather than writing into the old
-// file, which a crash could leave empty. The old .meta file is given a
-// second name before the store, so that it can be told apart from the new
-// one after it.
-func TestVariantStorage_StoreReplacesMetaFile(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	storage, key := storeTestVariant(t)
-	metaPath := storage.keyToPath(key) + variantMetaSuffix
-	oldMetaPath := metaPath + ".old"
-
-	err := os.Link(metaPath, oldMetaPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("giving the .meta file a second name: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = storage.Store(key, bytes.NewReader([]byte("new variant data")),
-		testContentTypeJPEG)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Store() error = %v", err)
-	}
-
-	oldMeta, err := os.Stat(oldMetaPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("stat of the old .meta file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	newMeta, err := os.Stat(metaPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("stat of the new .meta file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if os.SameFile(oldMeta, newMeta) {
-		t.Error("Store() wrote into the old .meta file instead of putting " +
-			"a new one in its place")
-	}
-
-	reader, _, contentType, err := storage.LoadWithMeta(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("LoadWithMeta() error = %v", err)
-	}
-
-	_ = reader.Close()
-
-	t.Logf("content type after the store: %s", contentType)
-
-	if contentType != testContentTypeJPEG {
-		t.Errorf("content type = %q, want %q", contentType, testContentTypeJPEG)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestContentStorage_StoreHashedReplacesFileOfAnotherSize checks that a
-// store over a file of another size at the content's path, such as a
-// partial file a crash left, replaces it with the content.
-func TestContentStorage_StoreHashedReplacesFileOfAnotherSize(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	storage, err := NewContentStorage(t.TempDir())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("NewContentStorage() error = %v", err)
-	}
-
-	content := []byte("the whole source image")
-	sum := sha256.Sum256(content)
-	hash := ContentHash(hex.EncodeToString(sum[:]))
-	path := storage.hashToPath(hash)
-
-	err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), StorageDirPerm)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("creating the content's directory: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = os.WriteFile(path, content[:5], StorageFilePerm)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("writing a partial file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = storage.StoreHashed(hash, content)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("StoreHashed() error = %v", err)
-	}
-
-	stored, err := storage.Load(hash)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Load() error = %v", err)
-	}
-
-	defer func() { _ = stored.Close() }()
-
-	got, err := io.ReadAll(stored)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("reading the stored content: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if !bytes.Equal(got, content) {
-		t.Errorf("stored file = %q, want %q", got, content)
-	}
-}

internal/imgcache/storage.go

@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ func (s *ContentStorage) Store(r io.Reader) (ContentHash, int64, error) {
 // from hash, without recomputing it. Callers that already know the
 // hash before writing (e.g. because they must hold a hash-keyed lock
 // across the whole store operation) use this instead of Store. Like
-// Store, it is idempotent: a file of the content's size already at that
-// path is left untouched, and a file of another size is replaced.
+// Store, it is idempotent: content already on disk at that path is
+// left untouched.
 func (s *ContentStorage) StoreHashed(
 	hash ContentHash, data []byte,
 ) (int64, error) {
@@ -151,35 +151,28 @@ func (s *ContentStorage) Exists(hash ContentHash) bool {
 	return err == nil
 }
 
-// writeIfAbsent writes data with writeFileSynced to the path derived
-// from hash, unless a file of the data's size is already there.
+// writeIfAbsent writes data to the path derived from hash, unless
+// content already exists there, via a temp-file-plus-rename so
+// concurrent readers never observe a partial file.
 func (s *ContentStorage) writeIfAbsent(hash ContentHash, data []byte) error {
 	// Build path: <basedir>/<ab>/<cd>/<hash>
 	path := s.hashToPath(hash)
 
-	// A file of another size there is damaged, and is replaced
-	info, statErr := os.Stat(path)
-	if statErr == nil && info.Size() == int64(len(data)) {
+	// Check if already exists
+	_, statErr := os.Stat(path)
+	if statErr == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), StorageDirPerm)
+	// Create directory structure
+	dir := filepath.Dir(path)
+
+	err := os.MkdirAll(dir, StorageDirPerm)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return writeFileSynced(path, data)
-}
-
-// writeFileSynced writes data to path through a temp file in the same
-// directory: the temp file is synced to disk, renamed to path, and the
-// directory synced after, so that neither a concurrent reader nor a
-// crash finds a partial file under path. When the directory sync fails,
-// the file is removed from path, so that a failed write leaves no file
-// there.
-func writeFileSynced(path string, data []byte) error {
-	dir := filepath.Dir(path)
-
+	// Write to temp file first, then rename for atomicity
 	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, ".tmp-*")
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp file: %w", err)
@@ -187,20 +180,18 @@ func writeFileSynced(path string, data []byte) error {
 
 	tmpPath := tmpFile.Name()
 
+	// Each failure path below unlinks the temp file explicitly. This
+	// replaces a deferred cleanup that read a named result, which the
+	// canonical config does not permit; the set of paths that remove
+	// tmpPath, and the order relative to Close, is unchanged. This
+	// mirrors how MetadataStorage.Store and VariantStorage.Store below
+	// already express the same cleanup.
 	_, err = tmpFile.Write(data)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = tmpFile.Close()
 		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
 
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write temp file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = tmpFile.Sync()
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = tmpFile.Close()
-		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
-
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to sync temp file: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write content: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	err = tmpFile.Close()
@@ -210,6 +201,7 @@ func writeFileSynced(path string, data []byte) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to close temp file: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// Atomic rename
 	err = os.Rename(filepath.Clean(tmpPath), filepath.Clean(path))
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
@@ -217,31 +209,6 @@ func writeFileSynced(path string, data []byte) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to rename temp file: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = syncDirectory(dir)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = os.Remove(path)
-
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// syncDirectory syncs the directory dir to disk, so that a file just
-// renamed into it is still there after a crash.
-func syncDirectory(dir string) error {
-	d, err := os.Open(filepath.Clean(dir))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open directory: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = d.Sync()
-	_ = d.Close()
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to sync directory: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -449,9 +416,7 @@ func NewVariantStorage(baseDir string, log *slog.Logger) (*VariantStorage, error
 	return &VariantStorage{baseDir: baseDir, log: log}, nil
 }
 
-// Store writes content and metadata to storage at the given key, each
-// with writeFileSynced. The .meta file is written first, so that a crash
-// cannot leave the content in place without it.
+// Store writes content and metadata to storage at the given key.
 func (s *VariantStorage) Store(
 	key VariantKey, r io.Reader, contentType string,
 ) (int64, error) {
@@ -464,11 +429,46 @@ func (s *VariantStorage) Store(
 	path := s.keyToPath(key)
 	metaPath := path + ".meta"
 
-	err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), StorageDirPerm)
+	// Create directory structure
+	dir := filepath.Dir(path)
+
+	err = os.MkdirAll(dir, StorageDirPerm)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// Write content to temp file first, then rename for atomicity
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, ".tmp-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tmpPath := tmpFile.Name()
+
+	_, err = tmpFile.Write(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = tmpFile.Close()
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to write content: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = tmpFile.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to close temp file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Atomic rename content
+	err = os.Rename(filepath.Clean(tmpPath), filepath.Clean(path))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to rename temp file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Write metadata
 	meta := VariantMeta{
 		ContentType: contentType,
 		Size:        size,
@@ -480,19 +480,13 @@ func (s *VariantStorage) Store(
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal metadata: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Metadata write failure is non-fatal: the content is then served as
-	// application/octet-stream.
-	err = writeFileSynced(metaPath, metaData)
+	// Metadata write failure is non-fatal; content is already stored.
+	err = os.WriteFile(metaPath, metaData, StorageFilePerm)
 	if err != nil {
 		s.log.Warn("failed to write variant metadata sidecar",
 			"path", metaPath, "error", err)
 	}
 
-	err = writeFileSynced(path, data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-
 	return size, nil
 }
 

internal/server/logout_internal_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.uber.org/fx"
+	"go.uber.org/fx/fxtest"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/pixa/internal/config"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/pixa/internal/database"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/pixa/internal/globals"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/pixa/internal/handlers"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/pixa/internal/healthcheck"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/pixa/internal/logger"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/pixa/internal/middleware"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/pixa/internal/session"
+)
+
+// startPixa starts the components pixad's fx app builds, from cfg, and
+// returns the server with its routes, as newTestServer does.
+func startPixa(t *testing.T, cfg *config.Config) *Server {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var (
+		h  *handlers.Handlers
+		mw *middleware.Middleware
+	)
+
+	app := fxtest.New(t,
+		fx.Supply(cfg),
+		fx.Provide(
+			globals.New,
+			logger.New,
+			database.New,
+			healthcheck.New,
+			handlers.New,
+			middleware.New,
+		),
+		fx.Populate(&h, &mw),
+	)
+	app.RequireStart()
+	t.Cleanup(app.RequireStop)
+
+	s := &Server{config: cfg, mw: mw, h: h}
+	s.SetupRoutes()
+
+	return s
+}
+
+// opensGeneratorPage reports whether GET / with cookie shows s's generator
+// page, which only a valid login session opens.
+func opensGeneratorPage(t *testing.T, s *Server, cookie *http.Cookie) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	req.AddCookie(cookie)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	s.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	return rec.Code == http.StatusOK &&
+		strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), `action="/generate"`)
+}
+
+// TestLogoutOutlastsRestart verifies that a copy of the session cookie taken
+// before /logout is still refused by a pixa started again on the same state
+// directory, as pixad is after a restart.
+func TestLogoutOutlastsRestart(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	s := newTestServer(t)
+
+	login := postLogin(t, s, firstClient, "", testSigningKey)
+
+	var copied *http.Cookie
+
+	for _, c := range login.Result().Cookies() {
+		if c.Name == session.CookieName {
+			copied = c
+		}
+	}
+
+	if copied == nil || !opensGeneratorPage(t, s, copied) {
+		t.Fatal("logging in gave no session cookie that opens the generator page")
+	}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/logout", nil)
+	req.AddCookie(copied)
+
+	logout := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	s.ServeHTTP(logout, req)
+
+	if logout.Code != http.StatusSeeOther {
+		t.Fatalf("GET /logout status = %d, want %d",
+			logout.Code, http.StatusSeeOther)
+	}
+
+	restarted := startPixa(t, s.config)
+
+	opens := opensGeneratorPage(t, restarted, copied)
+	t.Logf("after the restart, the copied cookie opens the generator page: %v",
+		opens)
+
+	if opens {
+		t.Error("after a restart, a cookie copied before /logout " +
+			"still opens the generator page")
+	}
+}

internal/session/session.go

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
-// Package session provides encrypted session cookie management.
+// Package session provides encrypted session cookie management, and keeps the
+// time of the latest logout in the database so that a logout ends every
+// session made before it.
 package session
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gorilla/securecookie"
@@ -35,11 +41,25 @@ type Data struct {
 }
 
 // Manager handles session creation and validation using encrypted cookies.
+//
+// Every login is made with the one signing key, so a logout ends every
+// session made before it, in every browser. The Manager keeps the time of
+// the latest logout in memory, so checking a session reads no database; a
+// Manager from NewManagerWithDatabase also saves it in the database, so that
+// it outlasts a restart.
 type Manager struct {
 	sc *securecookie.SecureCookie
+	db *sql.DB
+
+	// mu guards latestLogout, and is held while a logout is saved, so that
+	// the database and latestLogout agree.
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	latestLogout time.Time
 }
 
 // NewManager creates a session manager with keys derived from the signing key.
+// It keeps logouts in memory only, so a restart forgets them;
+// NewManagerWithDatabase keeps them in the database.
 //
 // Session cookies always carry the Secure, HttpOnly, and SameSite=Strict
 // attributes; this cannot be configured. Browsers treat http://localhost as a
@@ -67,6 +87,29 @@ func NewManager(signingKey string) (*Manager, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// NewManagerWithDatabase creates a session manager like NewManager that saves
+// each logout in db, which must have pixa's schema, and starts from the
+// latest logout saved there.
+func NewManagerWithDatabase(
+	ctx context.Context, signingKey string, db *sql.DB,
+) (*Manager, error) {
+	m, err := NewManager(signingKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = db.QueryRowContext(ctx,
+		"SELECT logged_out_at FROM logout WHERE id = 1",
+	).Scan(&m.latestLogout)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read the latest logout: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.db = db
+
+	return m, nil
+}
+
 // CreateSession creates a new authenticated session and sets the cookie.
 func (m *Manager) CreateSession(w http.ResponseWriter) error {
 	now := time.Now()
@@ -122,9 +165,31 @@ func (m *Manager) ValidateSession(r *http.Request) (*Data, error) {
 		return nil, ErrInvalidSession
 	}
 
+	// A session made before the latest logout has ended.
+	if !data.CreatedAt.After(m.latestLogoutTime()) {
+		return nil, ErrInvalidSession
+	}
+
 	return &data, nil
 }
 
+// Logout removes the session cookie and, when r has a valid session, ends
+// every session made until now. A request without one ends no session:
+// another site can make a browser request /logout, but the browser leaves
+// the SameSite=Strict session cookie out of that request.
+func (m *Manager) Logout(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
+	if m.IsAuthenticated(r) {
+		err := m.saveLogout(r.Context())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	m.ClearSession(w)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ClearSession removes the session cookie.
 func (m *Manager) ClearSession(w http.ResponseWriter) {
 	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
@@ -145,3 +210,34 @@ func (m *Manager) IsAuthenticated(r *http.Request) bool {
 
 	return err == nil && data != nil && data.Authenticated
 }
+
+// saveLogout makes now the time of the latest logout, saving it in the
+// database first when the Manager has one.
+func (m *Manager) saveLogout(ctx context.Context) error {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	if m.db != nil {
+		_, err := m.db.ExecContext(ctx,
+			"INSERT OR REPLACE INTO logout (id, logged_out_at) VALUES (1, ?)",
+			now)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to save the logout: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	m.latestLogout = now
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// latestLogoutTime returns the time of the latest logout, or the zero time
+// when there has been none.
+func (m *Manager) latestLogoutTime() time.Time {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return m.latestLogout
+}

internal/session/session_logout_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package session_test
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/pixa/internal/database"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/pixa/internal/session"
+)
+
+const logoutTestSigningKey = "test-signing-key-12345"
+
+// newTestDatabase opens an empty in-memory database with pixa's schema. It
+// has one connection, as pixad's has: each connection to ":memory:" would
+// open a database of its own.
+func newTestDatabase(t *testing.T) *sql.DB {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite", ":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("sql.Open() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	db.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = db.Close() })
+
+	err = database.ApplyMigrations(t.Context(), db, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ApplyMigrations() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return db
+}
+
+// createSessionCookie logs in with mgr and returns the session cookie it
+// sets.
+func createSessionCookie(t *testing.T, mgr *session.Manager) *http.Cookie {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	err := mgr.CreateSession(rec)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CreateSession() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range rec.Result().Cookies() {
+		if c.Name == session.CookieName {
+			return c
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Fatalf("CreateSession() did not set a %q cookie", session.CookieName)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// requestWithCookie returns a GET request carrying cookie, or no cookie when
+// cookie is nil.
+func requestWithCookie(t *testing.T, cookie *http.Cookie) *http.Request {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	if cookie != nil {
+		req.AddCookie(cookie)
+	}
+
+	return req
+}
+
+// TestLogout_EndsEverySessionMadeBeforeIt verifies that after a logout a
+// copy of the session cookie taken before it is refused and a login after it
+// works, and that both still hold for a new Manager on the same database, as
+// after a restart.
+func TestLogout_EndsEverySessionMadeBeforeIt(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db := newTestDatabase(t)
+
+	mgr, err := session.NewManagerWithDatabase(
+		t.Context(), logoutTestSigningKey, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewManagerWithDatabase() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	copied := createSessionCookie(t, mgr)
+
+	err = mgr.Logout(httptest.NewRecorder(), requestWithCookie(t, copied))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Logout() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = mgr.ValidateSession(requestWithCookie(t, copied))
+	t.Logf("cookie copied before the logout: ValidateSession() error = %v", err)
+
+	if !errors.Is(err, session.ErrInvalidSession) {
+		t.Errorf("cookie copied before the logout: error = %v, want %v",
+			err, session.ErrInvalidSession)
+	}
+
+	loginAfter := createSessionCookie(t, mgr)
+
+	_, err = mgr.ValidateSession(requestWithCookie(t, loginAfter))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("login after the logout: ValidateSession() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	restarted, err := session.NewManagerWithDatabase(
+		t.Context(), logoutTestSigningKey, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewManagerWithDatabase() after restart error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if restarted.IsAuthenticated(requestWithCookie(t, copied)) {
+		t.Error("after a restart, a cookie copied before the logout is accepted")
+	}
+
+	if !restarted.IsAuthenticated(requestWithCookie(t, loginAfter)) {
+		t.Error("after a restart, a login made after the logout is refused")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLogout_WithoutSession_EndsNoSession verifies that a logout from a
+// request without a session cookie ends no session. Another site can make a
+// browser request /logout, but the browser leaves the SameSite=Strict
+// session cookie out of that request.
+func TestLogout_WithoutSession_EndsNoSession(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	mgr, err := session.NewManagerWithDatabase(
+		t.Context(), logoutTestSigningKey, newTestDatabase(t))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewManagerWithDatabase() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cookie := createSessionCookie(t, mgr)
+
+	err = mgr.Logout(httptest.NewRecorder(), requestWithCookie(t, nil))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Logout() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !mgr.IsAuthenticated(requestWithCookie(t, cookie)) {
+		t.Error("a logout without a session cookie ended a session")
+	}
+}