bound imageprocessor.Process input read to prevent unbounded memory use

ImageProcessor.Process used io.ReadAll without a size limit, allowing
arbitrarily large inputs to exhaust memory. Add a configurable
maxInputBytes limit (default 50 MiB, matching the fetcher limit) and
reject inputs that exceed it with ErrInputDataTooLarge.

Also bound the cached source content read in the service layer to
prevent unexpectedly large cached files from consuming unbounded memory.

Extracted loadCachedSource helper to reduce nesting complexity.

internal/imgcache/processor.go

@@ -26,20 +26,36 @@ func initVips() {
 // Images larger than this are rejected to prevent DoS via decompression bombs.
 const MaxInputDimension = 8192
 
+// DefaultMaxInputBytes is the default maximum input size in bytes (50 MiB).
+// This matches the default upstream fetcher limit.
+const DefaultMaxInputBytes = 50 << 20
+
 // ErrInputTooLarge is returned when input image dimensions exceed MaxInputDimension.
 var ErrInputTooLarge = errors.New("input image dimensions exceed maximum")
 
+// ErrInputDataTooLarge is returned when the raw input data exceeds the configured byte limit.
+var ErrInputDataTooLarge = errors.New("input data exceeds maximum allowed size")
+
 // ErrUnsupportedOutputFormat is returned when the requested output format is not supported.
 var ErrUnsupportedOutputFormat = errors.New("unsupported output format")
 
 // ImageProcessor implements the Processor interface using libvips via govips.
-type ImageProcessor struct{}
+type ImageProcessor struct {
+	maxInputBytes int64
+}
 
-// NewImageProcessor creates a new image processor.
+// NewImageProcessor creates a new image processor with the given maximum input
-func NewImageProcessor() *ImageProcessor {
+// size in bytes. If maxInputBytes is <= 0, DefaultMaxInputBytes is used.
+func NewImageProcessor(maxInputBytes int64) *ImageProcessor {
 	initVips()
 
-	return &ImageProcessor{}
+	if maxInputBytes <= 0 {
+		maxInputBytes = DefaultMaxInputBytes
+	}
+
+	return &ImageProcessor{
+		maxInputBytes: maxInputBytes,
+	}
 }
 
 // Process transforms an image according to the request.
@@ -48,12 +64,20 @@ func (p *ImageProcessor) Process(
 	input io.Reader,
 	req *ImageRequest,
 ) (*ProcessResult, error) {
-	// Read input
+	// Read input with a size limit to prevent unbounded memory consumption.
-	data, err := io.ReadAll(input)
+	// We read at most maxInputBytes+1 so we can detect if the input exceeds
+	// the limit without consuming additional memory.
+	limited := io.LimitReader(input, p.maxInputBytes+1)
+
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(limited)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read input: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if int64(len(data)) > p.maxInputBytes {
+		return nil, ErrInputDataTooLarge
+	}
+
 	// Decode image
 	img, err := vips.NewImageFromBuffer(data)
 	if err != nil {

internal/imgcache/processor_test.go

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func createTestPNG(t *testing.T, width, height int) []byte {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_ResizeJPEG(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	input := createTestJPEG(t, 800, 600)
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_ResizeJPEG(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_ConvertToPNG(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	input := createTestJPEG(t, 200, 150)
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_ConvertToPNG(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_OriginalSize(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	input := createTestJPEG(t, 640, 480)
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_OriginalSize(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_FitContain(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	// 800x400 image (2:1 aspect) into 400x400 box with contain
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_FitContain(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_ProportionalScale_WidthOnly(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	// 800x600 image, request width=400 height=0
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_ProportionalScale_WidthOnly(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_ProportionalScale_HeightOnly(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	// 800x600 image, request width=0 height=300
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_ProportionalScale_HeightOnly(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_ProcessPNG(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	input := createTestPNG(t, 400, 300)
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_ImplementsInterface(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_SupportedFormats(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 
 	inputFormats := proc.SupportedInputFormats()
 	if len(inputFormats) == 0 {
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_SupportedFormats(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_RejectsOversizedInput(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	// Create an image that exceeds MaxInputDimension (e.g., 10000x100)
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_RejectsOversizedInput(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_RejectsOversizedInputHeight(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	// Create an image with oversized height
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_RejectsOversizedInputHeight(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_AcceptsMaxDimensionInput(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	// Create an image at exactly MaxInputDimension - should be accepted
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_AcceptsMaxDimensionInput(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_EncodeWebP(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	input := createTestJPEG(t, 200, 150)
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ func TestImageProcessor_EncodeWebP(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImageProcessor_DecodeAVIF(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	// Load test AVIF file
@@ -465,8 +465,73 @@ func TestImageProcessor_DecodeAVIF(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestImageProcessor_RejectsOversizedInputData(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a processor with a very small byte limit
+	const limit = 1024
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(limit)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Create a valid JPEG that exceeds the byte limit
+	input := createTestJPEG(t, 800, 600) // will be well over 1 KiB
+	if int64(len(input)) <= limit {
+		t.Fatalf("test JPEG must exceed %d bytes, got %d", limit, len(input))
+	}
+
+	req := &ImageRequest{
+		Size:    Size{Width: 100, Height: 75},
+		Format:  FormatJPEG,
+		Quality: 85,
+		FitMode: FitCover,
+	}
+
+	_, err := proc.Process(ctx, bytes.NewReader(input), req)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Process() should reject input exceeding maxInputBytes")
+	}
+
+	if err != ErrInputDataTooLarge {
+		t.Errorf("Process() error = %v, want ErrInputDataTooLarge", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestImageProcessor_AcceptsInputWithinLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a small image and set limit well above its size
+	input := createTestJPEG(t, 10, 10)
+	limit := int64(len(input)) * 10 // 10× headroom
+
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(limit)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	req := &ImageRequest{
+		Size:    Size{Width: 10, Height: 10},
+		Format:  FormatJPEG,
+		Quality: 85,
+		FitMode: FitCover,
+	}
+
+	result, err := proc.Process(ctx, bytes.NewReader(input), req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Process() error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	defer result.Content.Close()
+}
+
+func TestImageProcessor_DefaultMaxInputBytes(t *testing.T) {
+	// Passing 0 should use the default
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
+	if proc.maxInputBytes != DefaultMaxInputBytes {
+		t.Errorf("maxInputBytes = %d, want %d", proc.maxInputBytes, DefaultMaxInputBytes)
+	}
+
+	// Passing negative should also use the default
+	proc = NewImageProcessor(-1)
+	if proc.maxInputBytes != DefaultMaxInputBytes {
+		t.Errorf("maxInputBytes = %d, want %d", proc.maxInputBytes, DefaultMaxInputBytes)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestImageProcessor_EncodeAVIF(t *testing.T) {
-	proc := NewImageProcessor()
+	proc := NewImageProcessor(0)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	input := createTestJPEG(t, 200, 150)

internal/imgcache/service.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ type Service struct {
 	whitelist       *HostWhitelist
 	log             *slog.Logger
 	allowHTTP       bool
+	maxResponseSize int64
 }
 
 // ServiceConfig holds configuration for the image service.
@@ -50,15 +51,17 @@ func NewService(cfg *ServiceConfig) (*Service, error) {
 		return nil, errors.New("signing key is required")
 	}
 
+	// Resolve fetcher config for defaults
+	fetcherCfg := cfg.FetcherConfig
+	if fetcherCfg == nil {
+		fetcherCfg = DefaultFetcherConfig()
+	}
+
 	// Use custom fetcher if provided, otherwise create HTTP fetcher
 	var fetcher Fetcher
 	if cfg.Fetcher != nil {
 		fetcher = cfg.Fetcher
 	} else {
-		fetcherCfg := cfg.FetcherConfig
-		if fetcherCfg == nil {
-			fetcherCfg = DefaultFetcherConfig()
-		}
 		fetcher = NewHTTPFetcher(fetcherCfg)
 	}
 
@@ -74,14 +77,17 @@ func NewService(cfg *ServiceConfig) (*Service, error) {
 		allowHTTP = cfg.FetcherConfig.AllowHTTP
 	}
 
+	maxResponseSize := fetcherCfg.MaxResponseSize
+
 	return &Service{
 		cache:           cfg.Cache,
 		fetcher:         fetcher,
-		processor: NewImageProcessor(),
+		processor:       NewImageProcessor(maxResponseSize),
 		signer:          signer,
 		whitelist:       NewHostWhitelist(cfg.Whitelist),
 		log:             log,
 		allowHTTP:       allowHTTP,
+		maxResponseSize: maxResponseSize,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -146,6 +152,40 @@ func (s *Service) Get(ctx context.Context, req *ImageRequest) (*ImageResponse, e
 	return response, nil
 }
 
+// loadCachedSource attempts to load source content from cache, returning nil
+// if the cached data is unavailable or exceeds maxResponseSize.
+func (s *Service) loadCachedSource(contentHash ContentHash) []byte {
+	reader, err := s.cache.GetSourceContent(contentHash)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.log.Warn("failed to load cached source, fetching", "error", err)
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Bound the read to maxResponseSize to prevent unbounded memory use
+	// from unexpectedly large cached files.
+	limited := io.LimitReader(reader, s.maxResponseSize+1)
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(limited)
+	_ = reader.Close()
+
+	if err != nil {
+		s.log.Warn("failed to read cached source, fetching", "error", err)
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if int64(len(data)) > s.maxResponseSize {
+		s.log.Warn("cached source exceeds max response size, discarding",
+			"hash", contentHash,
+			"max_bytes", s.maxResponseSize,
+		)
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return data
+}
+
 // processFromSourceOrFetch processes an image, using cached source content if available.
 func (s *Service) processFromSourceOrFetch(
 	ctx context.Context,
@@ -162,22 +202,8 @@ func (s *Service) processFromSourceOrFetch(
 	var fetchBytes int64
 
 	if contentHash != "" {
-		// We have cached source - load it
 		s.log.Debug("using cached source", "hash", contentHash)
-
+		sourceData = s.loadCachedSource(contentHash)
-		reader, err := s.cache.GetSourceContent(contentHash)
-		if err != nil {
-			s.log.Warn("failed to load cached source, fetching", "error", err)
-			// Fall through to fetch
-		} else {
-			sourceData, err = io.ReadAll(reader)
-			_ = reader.Close()
-
-			if err != nil {
-				s.log.Warn("failed to read cached source, fetching", "error", err)
-				// Fall through to fetch
-			}
-		}
 	}
 
 	// Fetch from upstream if we don't have source data or it's empty