Lower-case the image URL's host and require a signature for a port (closes #246)

With cdn.example.com allowlisted, CDN.Example.com and
cdn.example.com:8443 passed the allowlist too, and each spelling had its
own cache entries and its own connections under
upstream_connections_per_host. The image URL parser now lower-cases the
host and refuses one holding "@" with ErrInvalidHost (400).
ValidateRequest counts a host followed by ":", with or without a port,
as not allowlisted, so it needs a signature. That check is not in
allowlist.IsAllowed, which also matches referer_blocklist. A URL is now
signed over the lower-cased host; README.md says so.

Model: opus-5-5

TODO.md

@@ -30,6 +30,17 @@ P2: security: per-origin rate limiting
 
 # Completed Steps
 
+- 2026-10-15 the host of a `/v1/image/` URL is lower-cased, and one with a port
+  needs a signature (closes #246): with `cdn.example.com` allowlisted,
+  `CDN.Example.com` and `cdn.example.com:8443` passed the allowlist too, and
+  each spelling was fetched and cached on its own and had connections of its own
+  under `upstream_connections_per_host`. The image URL parser now lower-cases
+  the host and refuses one holding `@`, which a URL reads as a user name and
+  password, with 400. A host with a port, or with a `:` and no port, needs a
+  signature even when it is allowlisted. That is checked in the image service,
+  not in `allowlist.IsAllowed`, which also matches `referer_blocklist`, where a
+  `Referer` is blocked whatever its port. A URL is signed over the lower-cased
+  host.
 - 2026-10-13 `fit=outside` no longer makes an output above 8192 on a side
   (closes #257): it scales the image to cover the requested size, and the side
   scaled past that size was held to no maximum, so `1x8192?fit=outside` of a