Resolve real client IP behind trusted proxies (closes #94)

RFC1918 ranges are the default trusted proxy set on an omitted key; an explicit list replaces the default; an explicit empty list trusts no one; unparseable values abort startup; forwarded headers honored only from trusted peers. Independent review passed: #127 (comment)

model: claude-opus-4-8 (implementation and review); merged by claude-fable-5

internal/config/config.go

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ const (
 	keyUpstreamConnectionsPerHost = "upstream_connections_per_host"
 	keyCacheMaxBytes              = "cache_max_bytes"
 	keyBlockedNetworks            = "blocked_networks"
+	keyTrustedProxies             = "trusted_proxies"
 )
 
 // placeholderSigningKey is the dummy signing_key shipped in
@@ -117,6 +118,17 @@ type Config struct {
 	// fetcher's dialer; the built-in ranges always apply.
 	BlockedNetworks []netip.Prefix
 
+	// TrustedProxies are the CIDR ranges of reverse proxies whose
+	// forwarding headers may be believed. Forwarded headers are honored
+	// only when the immediate peer falls inside one of these ranges;
+	// otherwise the peer address is used and the headers are ignored, so
+	// an untrusted client cannot spoof its address. An omitted key
+	// defaults to the RFC 1918 private ranges (see defaultTrustedProxies),
+	// since pixa is deployed behind a proxy on a private network; an
+	// explicitly empty list trusts nothing and always uses the peer
+	// address, and an explicit list replaces the default.
+	TrustedProxies []netip.Prefix
+
 	// CacheMaxBytes is the disk cache size limit in bytes. Zero
 	// disables the disk cache entirely. When cache_max_bytes is
 	// omitted from the configuration, this holds the computed default
@@ -185,11 +197,24 @@ func newFromSmartConfig(sc *smartconfig.Config) (*Config, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	blockedNetworks, err := getBlockedNetworks(sc)
+	blockedNetworks, err := parseCIDRList(sc, keyBlockedNetworks)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	trustedProxies, err := parseCIDRList(sc, keyTrustedProxies)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// parseCIDRList returns a nil slice only when the key is absent; an
+	// explicitly empty list ([]) comes back non-nil and empty. An omitted
+	// key takes the RFC 1918 default, while an explicit empty list is left
+	// as trust-nothing.
+	if trustedProxies == nil {
+		trustedProxies = defaultTrustedProxies()
+	}
+
 	loader := &strictLoader{sc: sc}
 
 	c := &Config{
@@ -207,6 +232,7 @@ func newFromSmartConfig(sc *smartconfig.Config) (*Config, error) {
 			keyUpstreamConnectionsPerHost, DefaultUpstreamConnectionsPerHost),
 		CacheMaxBytes:   loader.int64Val(keyCacheMaxBytes, 0),
 		BlockedNetworks: blockedNetworks,
+		TrustedProxies:  trustedProxies,
 	}
 
 	// The computed default for cache_max_bytes needs a validated
@@ -322,7 +348,8 @@ func isKnownConfigKey(key string) bool {
 	switch key {
 	case keyDebug, keyMaintenanceMode, keyPort, keyStateDir, keySentryDSN,
 		keyDBURL, keyMetrics, keySigningKey, keyAllowlistHosts, keyAllowHTTP,
-		keyUpstreamConnectionsPerHost, keyCacheMaxBytes, keyBlockedNetworks, "env":
+		keyUpstreamConnectionsPerHost, keyCacheMaxBytes, keyBlockedNetworks,
+		keyTrustedProxies, "env":
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -817,27 +844,42 @@ func getStringSlice(sc *smartconfig.Config) []string {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// getBlockedNetworks parses the blocked_networks value into CIDR prefixes,
-// or returns nil if the key is omitted. It accepts a YAML list of strings
-// or a comma-separated string. An explicitly null value, a wrong type, an
-// empty entry, a non-string entry, or an unparseable CIDR aborts startup
-// naming the key and the offending value; a default (the built-in
-// blocklist alone) applies only to an omitted key.
-func getBlockedNetworks(sc *smartconfig.Config) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
+// defaultTrustedProxies returns the trusted_proxies default: the three RFC
+// 1918 private ranges. pixa is always deployed behind a TLS-terminating
+// reverse proxy, which in practice sits on a private network, so its
+// forwarding headers are believed unless the operator says otherwise.
+// Loopback is deliberately excluded: it is not an RFC 1918 range, and no
+// deployment reaches pixa over it. A fresh slice is returned on each call so
+// callers may hold it without aliasing shared state.
+func defaultTrustedProxies() []netip.Prefix {
+	return []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/12"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16"),
+	}
+}
+
+// parseCIDRList parses the value of the named config key into CIDR
+// prefixes, or returns nil if the key is omitted. It accepts a YAML list
+// of strings or a comma-separated string. An explicitly null value, a
+// wrong type, an empty entry, a non-string entry, or an unparseable CIDR
+// aborts startup naming the key and the offending value; the default
+// (an empty list) applies only to an omitted key.
+func parseCIDRList(sc *smartconfig.Config, key string) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
 	if sc == nil {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 
-	raw, ok := sc.Get(keyBlockedNetworks)
+	raw, ok := sc.Get(key)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	if raw == nil {
-		return nil, errNullConfigValue(keyBlockedNetworks)
+		return nil, errNullConfigValue(key)
 	}
 
-	entries, err := blockedNetworkEntries(raw)
+	entries, err := cidrListEntries(raw, key)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -848,7 +890,7 @@ func getBlockedNetworks(sc *smartconfig.Config) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
 		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(entry)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("config key %q: value %q is %w",
-				keyBlockedNetworks, entry, errNotAValidCIDR)
+				key, entry, errNotAValidCIDR)
 		}
 
 		prefixes = append(prefixes, prefix)
@@ -857,10 +899,10 @@ func getBlockedNetworks(sc *smartconfig.Config) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
 	return prefixes, nil
 }
 
-// blockedNetworkEntries extracts the raw blocked_networks entries as
+// cidrListEntries extracts the raw entries of the named CIDR-list key as
 // trimmed, non-empty strings, from either a YAML list of strings or a
 // comma-separated string. Any other shape is a configuration error.
-func blockedNetworkEntries(raw any) ([]string, error) {
+func cidrListEntries(raw any, key string) ([]string, error) {
 	switch val := raw.(type) {
 	case []any:
 		entries := make([]string, 0, len(val))
@@ -869,12 +911,12 @@ func blockedNetworkEntries(raw any) ([]string, error) {
 			str, ok := item.(string)
 			if !ok {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("config key %q: list entry %v (%T) is %w",
-					keyBlockedNetworks, item, item, errNotAString)
+					key, item, item, errNotAString)
 			}
 
 			if strings.TrimSpace(str) == "" {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("config key %q: %w",
-					keyBlockedNetworks, errEmptyListEntry)
+					key, errEmptyListEntry)
 			}
 
 			entries = append(entries, strings.TrimSpace(str))
@@ -888,7 +930,7 @@ func blockedNetworkEntries(raw any) ([]string, error) {
 			trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(part)
 			if trimmed == "" {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("config key %q: value %q %w",
-					keyBlockedNetworks, val, errEmptyEntry)
+					key, val, errEmptyEntry)
 			}
 
 			entries = append(entries, trimmed)
@@ -897,6 +939,6 @@ func blockedNetworkEntries(raw any) ([]string, error) {
 		return entries, nil
 	default:
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("config key %q: value %v (%T) is %w",
-			keyBlockedNetworks, raw, raw, errNotAStringList)
+			key, raw, raw, errNotAStringList)
 	}
 }