fix: move writeLogsToFile doc comment to correct position

The buildRegistryAuths function was inserted between the writeLogsToFile doc comment and the writeLogsToFile function body, causing Go to treat the writeLogsToFile comment as part of buildRegistryAuths godoc. Move the writeLogsToFile comment to sit directly above its function, and keep only the buildRegistryAuths comment above buildRegistryAuths.
feat: add private Docker registry authentication for base images
2026-03-17 02:39:38 -07:00 · 2026-03-17 02:14:39 -07:00
19 changed files with 654 additions and 1752 deletions
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ A simple self-hosted PaaS that auto-deploys Docker containers from Git repositor
 - Per-app UUID-based webhook URLs for Gitea integration
 - Branch filtering - only deploy on configured branch changes
 - Environment variables, labels, and volume mounts per app
+- Private Docker registry authentication for base images
 - Docker builds via socket access
 - Notifications via ntfy and Slack-compatible webhooks
- Backup/restore of app configurations (JSON export/import via UI and API)
 - Simple server-rendered UI with Tailwind CSS

 ## Non-Goals
--- a/internal/database/migrations/007_add_registry_credentials.sql
+++ b/internal/database/migrations/007_add_registry_credentials.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-- Add registry credentials for private Docker registry authentication during builds
+CREATE TABLE registry_credentials (
+    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    app_id TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES apps(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    registry TEXT NOT NULL,
+    username TEXT NOT NULL,
+    password TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE(app_id, registry)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_registry_credentials_app_id ON registry_credentials(app_id);
--- a/internal/docker/auth_test.go
+++ b/internal/docker/auth_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package docker //nolint:testpackage // tests unexported buildAuthConfigs
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestBuildAuthConfigsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	result := buildAuthConfigs(nil)
+	if len(result) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty map, got %d entries", len(result))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildAuthConfigsSingle(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	auths := []RegistryAuth{
+		{
+			Registry: "registry.example.com",
+			Username: "user",
+			Password: "pass",
+		},
+	}
+
+	result := buildAuthConfigs(auths)
+
+	if len(result) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 entry, got %d", len(result))
+	}
+
+	cfg, ok := result["registry.example.com"]
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected registry.example.com key")
+	}
+
+	if cfg.Username != "user" {
+		t.Errorf("expected username 'user', got %q", cfg.Username)
+	}
+
+	if cfg.Password != "pass" {
+		t.Errorf("expected password 'pass', got %q", cfg.Password)
+	}
+
+	if cfg.ServerAddress != "registry.example.com" {
+		t.Errorf("expected server address 'registry.example.com', got %q", cfg.ServerAddress)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildAuthConfigsMultiple(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	auths := []RegistryAuth{
+		{Registry: "ghcr.io", Username: "ghuser", Password: "ghtoken"},
+		{Registry: "docker.io", Username: "dkuser", Password: "dktoken"},
+	}
+
+	result := buildAuthConfigs(auths)
+
+	if len(result) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 entries, got %d", len(result))
+	}
+
+	ghcr := result["ghcr.io"]
+	if ghcr.Username != "ghuser" || ghcr.Password != "ghtoken" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected ghcr.io config: %+v", ghcr)
+	}
+
+	dkr := result["docker.io"]
+	if dkr.Username != "dkuser" || dkr.Password != "dktoken" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected docker.io config: %+v", dkr)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegistryAuthStruct(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	auth := RegistryAuth{
+		Registry: "registry.example.com",
+		Username: "testuser",
+		Password: "testpass",
+	}
+
+	if auth.Registry != "registry.example.com" {
+		t.Errorf("expected registry 'registry.example.com', got %q", auth.Registry)
+	}
+
+	if auth.Username != "testuser" {
+		t.Errorf("expected username 'testuser', got %q", auth.Username)
+	}
+
+	if auth.Password != "testpass" {
+		t.Errorf("expected password 'testpass', got %q", auth.Password)
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/docker/client.go
+++ b/internal/docker/client.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/registry"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/archive"
 	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
@@ -105,12 +106,20 @@ func (c *Client) IsConnected() bool {
 	return c.docker != nil
 }

+// RegistryAuth contains authentication credentials for a Docker registry.
+type RegistryAuth struct {
+	Registry string
+	Username string
+	Password string //nolint:gosec // credential field required for registry auth
+}
+
 // BuildImageOptions contains options for building an image.
 type BuildImageOptions struct {
 	ContextDir     string
 	DockerfilePath string
 	Tags           []string
-	LogWriter      io.Writer // Optional writer for build output
+	LogWriter      io.Writer      // Optional writer for build output
+	RegistryAuths  []RegistryAuth // Optional registry credentials for pulling private base images
 }

 // BuildImage builds a Docker image from a context directory.
@@ -161,6 +170,21 @@ type PortMapping struct {
 	Protocol      string // "tcp" or "udp"
 }

+// buildAuthConfigs converts RegistryAuth slices into Docker's AuthConfigs map.
+func buildAuthConfigs(auths []RegistryAuth) map[string]registry.AuthConfig {
+	configs := make(map[string]registry.AuthConfig, len(auths))
+
+	for _, auth := range auths {
+		configs[auth.Registry] = registry.AuthConfig{
+			Username:      auth.Username,
+			Password:      auth.Password,
+			ServerAddress: auth.Registry,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return configs
+}
+
 // buildPortConfig converts port mappings to Docker port configuration.
 func buildPortConfig(ports []PortMapping) (nat.PortSet, nat.PortMap) {
 	exposedPorts := make(nat.PortSet)
@@ -513,12 +537,18 @@ func (c *Client) performBuild(
 	}()

 	// Build image
-	resp, err := c.docker.ImageBuild(ctx, tarArchive, dockertypes.ImageBuildOptions{
+	buildOpts := dockertypes.ImageBuildOptions{
 		Dockerfile: opts.DockerfilePath,
 		Tags:       opts.Tags,
 		Remove:     true,
 		NoCache:    false,
-	})
+	}
+
+	if len(opts.RegistryAuths) > 0 {
+		buildOpts.AuthConfigs = buildAuthConfigs(opts.RegistryAuths)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.docker.ImageBuild(ctx, tarArchive, buildOpts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to build image: %w", err)
 	}
--- a/internal/handlers/api_test.go
+++ b/internal/handlers/api_test.go
@@ -27,11 +27,6 @@ func apiRouter(tc *testContext) http.Handler {
 			apiR.Get("/apps", tc.handlers.HandleAPIListApps())
 			apiR.Get("/apps/{id}", tc.handlers.HandleAPIGetApp())
 			apiR.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments", tc.handlers.HandleAPIListDeployments())
-
-			// Backup/Restore API
-			apiR.Get("/apps/{id}/export", tc.handlers.HandleAPIExportApp())
-			apiR.Get("/backup/export", tc.handlers.HandleAPIExportAllApps())
-			apiR.Post("/backup/import", tc.handlers.HandleAPIImportApps())
 		})
 	})

--- a/internal/handlers/app.go
+++ b/internal/handlers/app.go
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppDetail() http.HandlerFunc {
 		labels, _ := application.GetLabels(request.Context())
 		volumes, _ := application.GetVolumes(request.Context())
 		ports, _ := application.GetPorts(request.Context())
+		registryCreds, _ := application.GetRegistryCredentials(request.Context())
 		deployments, _ := application.GetDeployments(
 			request.Context(),
 			recentDeploymentsLimit,
@@ -163,16 +164,17 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppDetail() http.HandlerFunc {
 		deployKey := formatDeployKey(application.SSHPublicKey, application.CreatedAt, application.Name)

 		data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-			"App":              application,
-			"EnvVars":          envVars,
-			"Labels":           labels,
-			"Volumes":          volumes,
-			"Ports":            ports,
-			"Deployments":      deployments,
-			"LatestDeployment": latestDeployment,
-			"WebhookURL":       webhookURL,
-			"DeployKey":        deployKey,
-			"Success":          request.URL.Query().Get("success"),
+			"App":                 application,
+			"EnvVars":             envVars,
+			"Labels":              labels,
+			"Volumes":             volumes,
+			"Ports":               ports,
+			"RegistryCredentials": registryCreds,
+			"Deployments":         deployments,
+			"LatestDeployment":    latestDeployment,
+			"WebhookURL":          webhookURL,
+			"DeployKey":           deployKey,
+			"Success":             request.URL.Query().Get("success"),
 		}, request)

 		h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "app_detail.html", data)
@@ -1382,3 +1384,126 @@ func formatDeployKey(pubKey string, createdAt time.Time, appName string) string

 	return parts[0] + " " + parts[1] + " " + comment
 }
+
+// HandleRegistryCredentialAdd handles adding a registry credential.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleRegistryCredentialAdd() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
+
+		application, findErr := models.FindApp(request.Context(), h.db, appID)
+		if findErr != nil || application == nil {
+			http.NotFound(writer, request)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		parseErr := request.ParseForm()
+		if parseErr != nil {
+			http.Error(writer, "Bad Request", http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		registryURL := strings.TrimSpace(request.FormValue("registry"))
+		username := strings.TrimSpace(request.FormValue("username"))
+		password := request.FormValue("password")
+
+		if registryURL == "" || username == "" || password == "" {
+			http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		cred := models.NewRegistryCredential(h.db)
+		cred.AppID = appID
+		cred.Registry = registryURL
+		cred.Username = username
+		cred.Password = password
+
+		saveErr := cred.Save(request.Context())
+		if saveErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to save registry credential", "error", saveErr)
+		}
+
+		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleRegistryCredentialEdit handles editing an existing registry credential.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleRegistryCredentialEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
+		credIDStr := chi.URLParam(request, "credID")
+
+		credID, parseErr := strconv.ParseInt(credIDStr, 10, 64)
+		if parseErr != nil {
+			http.NotFound(writer, request)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		cred, findErr := models.FindRegistryCredential(request.Context(), h.db, credID)
+		if findErr != nil || cred == nil || cred.AppID != appID {
+			http.NotFound(writer, request)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		formErr := request.ParseForm()
+		if formErr != nil {
+			http.Error(writer, "Bad Request", http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		registryURL := strings.TrimSpace(request.FormValue("registry"))
+		username := strings.TrimSpace(request.FormValue("username"))
+		password := request.FormValue("password")
+
+		if registryURL == "" || username == "" || password == "" {
+			http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		cred.Registry = registryURL
+		cred.Username = username
+		cred.Password = password
+
+		saveErr := cred.Save(request.Context())
+		if saveErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to update registry credential", "error", saveErr)
+		}
+
+		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleRegistryCredentialDelete handles deleting a registry credential.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleRegistryCredentialDelete() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
+		credIDStr := chi.URLParam(request, "credID")
+
+		credID, parseErr := strconv.ParseInt(credIDStr, 10, 64)
+		if parseErr != nil {
+			http.NotFound(writer, request)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		cred, findErr := models.FindRegistryCredential(request.Context(), h.db, credID)
+		if findErr != nil || cred == nil || cred.AppID != appID {
+			http.NotFound(writer, request)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		deleteErr := cred.Delete(request.Context())
+		if deleteErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to delete registry credential", "error", deleteErr)
+		}
+
+		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/handlers/backup.go
+++ b/internal/handlers/backup.go
@@ -1,282 +0,0 @@
-package handlers
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
-
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/app"
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/templates"
-)
-
-// importMaxBodyBytes is the maximum allowed request body size for backup import (10 MB).
-const importMaxBodyBytes = 10 << 20
-
-// HandleExportApp exports a single app's configuration as a JSON download.
-func (h *Handlers) HandleExportApp() http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
-
-		application, findErr := models.FindApp(request.Context(), h.db, appID)
-		if findErr != nil || application == nil {
-			http.NotFound(writer, request)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportApp(request.Context(), application)
-		if exportErr != nil {
-			h.log.Error("failed to export app", "error", exportErr, "app", application.Name)
-			http.Error(writer, "Internal Server Error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		filename := fmt.Sprintf("upaas-backup-%s-%s.json",
-			application.Name,
-			time.Now().UTC().Format("20060102-150405"),
-		)
-
-		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition",
-			`attachment; filename="`+filename+`"`)
-
-		encoder := json.NewEncoder(writer)
-		encoder.SetIndent("", "  ")
-
-		err := encoder.Encode(bundle)
-		if err != nil {
-			h.log.Error("failed to encode backup", "error", err)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// HandleExportAllApps exports all app configurations as a JSON download.
-func (h *Handlers) HandleExportAllApps() http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportAllApps(request.Context())
-		if exportErr != nil {
-			h.log.Error("failed to export all apps", "error", exportErr)
-			http.Error(writer, "Internal Server Error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		filename := fmt.Sprintf("upaas-backup-all-%s.json",
-			time.Now().UTC().Format("20060102-150405"),
-		)
-
-		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition",
-			`attachment; filename="`+filename+`"`)
-
-		encoder := json.NewEncoder(writer)
-		encoder.SetIndent("", "  ")
-
-		err := encoder.Encode(bundle)
-		if err != nil {
-			h.log.Error("failed to encode backup", "error", err)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// HandleImportPage renders the import/restore page.
-func (h *Handlers) HandleImportPage() http.HandlerFunc {
-	tmpl := templates.GetParsed()
-
-	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-			"Success": request.URL.Query().Get("success"),
-		}, request)
-
-		h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "backup_import.html", data)
-	}
-}
-
-// HandleImportApps processes an uploaded backup JSON file and imports apps.
-func (h *Handlers) HandleImportApps() http.HandlerFunc {
-	tmpl := templates.GetParsed()
-
-	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		bundle, parseErr := h.parseBackupUpload(request)
-		if parseErr != "" {
-			data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{"Error": parseErr}, request)
-			h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "backup_import.html", data)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		imported, skipped, importErr := h.appService.ImportApps(
-			request.Context(), bundle,
-		)
-		if importErr != nil {
-			h.log.Error("failed to import apps", "error", importErr)
-
-			data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-				"Error": "Import failed: " + importErr.Error(),
-			}, request)
-			h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "backup_import.html", data)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		successMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Imported %d app(s)", len(imported))
-		if len(skipped) > 0 {
-			successMsg += fmt.Sprintf(", skipped %d (name conflict)", len(skipped))
-		}
-
-		http.Redirect(writer, request,
-			"/backup/import?success="+successMsg,
-			http.StatusSeeOther,
-		)
-	}
-}
-
-// parseBackupUpload extracts and validates a BackupBundle from a multipart upload.
-// Returns the bundle and an empty string on success, or nil and an error message.
-func (h *Handlers) parseBackupUpload(
-	request *http.Request,
-) (*app.BackupBundle, string) {
-	request.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(nil, request.Body, importMaxBodyBytes)
-
-	parseErr := request.ParseMultipartForm(importMaxBodyBytes)
-	if parseErr != nil {
-		return nil, "Failed to parse upload: " + parseErr.Error()
-	}
-
-	file, _, openErr := request.FormFile("backup_file")
-	if openErr != nil {
-		return nil, "Please select a backup file to import"
-	}
-
-	defer func() { _ = file.Close() }()
-
-	var bundle app.BackupBundle
-
-	decodeErr := json.NewDecoder(file).Decode(&bundle)
-	if decodeErr != nil {
-		return nil, "Invalid backup file: " + decodeErr.Error()
-	}
-
-	if bundle.Version != 1 {
-		return nil, fmt.Sprintf(
-			"Unsupported backup version: %d (expected 1)", bundle.Version,
-		)
-	}
-
-	if len(bundle.Apps) == 0 {
-		return nil, "Backup file contains no apps"
-	}
-
-	return &bundle, ""
-}
-
-// HandleAPIExportApp exports a single app's configuration as JSON via API.
-func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIExportApp() http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
-
-		application, err := h.appService.GetApp(request.Context(), appID)
-		if err != nil {
-			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "internal server error"},
-				http.StatusInternalServerError)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		if application == nil {
-			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "app not found"},
-				http.StatusNotFound)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportApp(request.Context(), application)
-		if exportErr != nil {
-			h.log.Error("failed to export app", "error", exportErr)
-			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "failed to export app"},
-				http.StatusInternalServerError)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		h.respondJSON(writer, request, bundle, http.StatusOK)
-	}
-}
-
-// HandleAPIExportAllApps exports all app configurations as JSON via API.
-func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIExportAllApps() http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportAllApps(request.Context())
-		if exportErr != nil {
-			h.log.Error("failed to export all apps", "error", exportErr)
-			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "failed to export apps"},
-				http.StatusInternalServerError)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		h.respondJSON(writer, request, bundle, http.StatusOK)
-	}
-}
-
-// HandleAPIImportApps imports app configurations from a JSON request body via API.
-func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIImportApps() http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		request.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(writer, request.Body, importMaxBodyBytes)
-
-		var bundle app.BackupBundle
-
-		decodeErr := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&bundle)
-		if decodeErr != nil {
-			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "invalid request body"},
-				http.StatusBadRequest)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		if bundle.Version != 1 {
-			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": fmt.Sprintf(
-					"unsupported backup version: %d", bundle.Version,
-				)},
-				http.StatusBadRequest)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		if len(bundle.Apps) == 0 {
-			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "backup contains no apps"},
-				http.StatusBadRequest)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		imported, skipped, importErr := h.appService.ImportApps(
-			request.Context(), &bundle,
-		)
-		if importErr != nil {
-			h.log.Error("api: failed to import apps", "error", importErr)
-			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "import failed: " + importErr.Error()},
-				http.StatusInternalServerError)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		h.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]any{
-			"imported": imported,
-			"skipped":  skipped,
-		}, http.StatusOK)
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/handlers/backup_test.go
+++ b/internal/handlers/backup_test.go
@@ -1,582 +0,0 @@
-package handlers_test
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"io"
-	"mime/multipart"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/app"
-)
-
-// createTestAppWithConfig creates an app with env vars, labels, volumes, and ports.
-func createTestAppWithConfig(
-	t *testing.T,
-	tc *testContext,
-	name string,
-) *models.App {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	createdApp := createTestApp(t, tc, name)
-
-	// Add env vars
-	ev := models.NewEnvVar(tc.database)
-	ev.AppID = createdApp.ID
-	ev.Key = "DATABASE_URL"
-	ev.Value = "postgres://localhost/mydb"
-	require.NoError(t, ev.Save(context.Background()))
-
-	// Add label
-	label := models.NewLabel(tc.database)
-	label.AppID = createdApp.ID
-	label.Key = "traefik.enable"
-	label.Value = "true"
-	require.NoError(t, label.Save(context.Background()))
-
-	// Add volume
-	volume := models.NewVolume(tc.database)
-	volume.AppID = createdApp.ID
-	volume.HostPath = "/data/app"
-	volume.ContainerPath = "/app/data"
-	volume.ReadOnly = false
-	require.NoError(t, volume.Save(context.Background()))
-
-	// Add port
-	port := models.NewPort(tc.database)
-	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
-	port.HostPort = 8080
-	port.ContainerPort = 80
-	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
-	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
-
-	return createdApp
-}
-
-// createTestAppWithConfigPort creates an app with a custom host port.
-func createTestAppWithConfigPort(
-	t *testing.T,
-	tc *testContext,
-	name string,
-	hostPort int,
-) *models.App {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	createdApp := createTestApp(t, tc, name)
-
-	ev := models.NewEnvVar(tc.database)
-	ev.AppID = createdApp.ID
-	ev.Key = "DATABASE_URL"
-	ev.Value = "postgres://localhost/mydb"
-	require.NoError(t, ev.Save(context.Background()))
-
-	port := models.NewPort(tc.database)
-	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
-	port.HostPort = hostPort
-	port.ContainerPort = 80
-	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
-	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
-
-	return createdApp
-}
-
-func TestHandleExportApp(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-	createdApp := createTestAppWithConfig(t, testCtx, "export-test-app")
-
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/export", nil)
-	request = addChiURLParams(request, map[string]string{"id": createdApp.ID})
-
-	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportApp()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Type"), "application/json")
-	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"), "attachment")
-	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"), "export-test-app")
-
-	var bundle app.BackupBundle
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(recorder.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
-
-	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, bundle.ExportedAt)
-	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
-
-	appBackup := bundle.Apps[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, "export-test-app", appBackup.Name)
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", appBackup.Branch)
-	assert.Len(t, appBackup.EnvVars, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "DATABASE_URL", appBackup.EnvVars[0].Key)
-	assert.Equal(t, "postgres://localhost/mydb", appBackup.EnvVars[0].Value)
-	assert.Len(t, appBackup.Labels, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "traefik.enable", appBackup.Labels[0].Key)
-	assert.Len(t, appBackup.Volumes, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "/data/app", appBackup.Volumes[0].HostPath)
-	assert.Len(t, appBackup.Ports, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, 8080, appBackup.Ports[0].HostPort)
-}
-
-func TestHandleExportAppNotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/apps/nonexistent/export", nil)
-	request = addChiURLParams(request, map[string]string{"id": "nonexistent"})
-
-	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportApp()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, recorder.Code)
-}
-
-func TestHandleExportAllApps(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-	createTestAppWithConfig(t, testCtx, "export-all-app1")
-	createTestAppWithConfigPort(t, testCtx, "export-all-app2", 8081)
-
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/export", nil)
-	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportAllApps()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"), "upaas-backup-all")
-
-	var bundle app.BackupBundle
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(recorder.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
-
-	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
-	assert.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 2)
-}
-
-func TestHandleExportAllAppsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/export", nil)
-	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportAllApps()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
-
-	var bundle app.BackupBundle
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(recorder.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
-
-	assert.Empty(t, bundle.Apps)
-}
-
-// createMultipartBackupRequest builds a multipart form request with backup JSON as a file upload.
-func createMultipartBackupRequest(
-	t *testing.T,
-	backupJSON string,
-) *http.Request {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	var body bytes.Buffer
-
-	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
-
-	part, err := writer.CreateFormFile("backup_file", "backup.json")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	_, err = io.WriteString(part, backupJSON)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	require.NoError(t, writer.Close())
-
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/backup/import", &body)
-	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
-
-	return request
-}
-
-func TestHandleImportApps(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-
-	backupJSON := `{
-		"version": 1,
-		"exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
-		"apps": [{
-			"name": "imported-app",
-			"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
-			"branch": "main",
-			"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
-			"envVars": [{"key": "FOO", "value": "bar"}],
-			"labels": [{"key": "app.name", "value": "test"}],
-			"volumes": [{"hostPath": "/data", "containerPath": "/app/data", "readOnly": true}],
-			"ports": [{"hostPort": 3000, "containerPort": 8080, "protocol": "tcp"}]
-		}]
-	}`
-
-	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
-	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-	// Should redirect on success
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusSeeOther, recorder.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Location"), "success=")
-
-	// Verify the app was created
-	apps, err := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, apps, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "imported-app", apps[0].Name)
-
-	// Verify env vars
-	envVars, _ := apps[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
-	require.Len(t, envVars, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "FOO", envVars[0].Key)
-	assert.Equal(t, "bar", envVars[0].Value)
-
-	// Verify labels
-	labels, _ := apps[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
-	require.Len(t, labels, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "app.name", labels[0].Key)
-
-	// Verify volumes
-	volumes, _ := apps[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
-	require.Len(t, volumes, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "/data", volumes[0].HostPath)
-	assert.True(t, volumes[0].ReadOnly)
-
-	// Verify ports
-	ports, _ := apps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
-	require.Len(t, ports, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, 3000, ports[0].HostPort)
-	assert.Equal(t, 8080, ports[0].ContainerPort)
-}
-
-func TestHandleImportAppsSkipsDuplicateNames(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-
-	// Create an existing app with same name
-	createTestApp(t, testCtx, "existing-app")
-
-	backupJSON := `{
-		"version": 1,
-		"exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
-		"apps": [
-			{
-				"name": "existing-app",
-				"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
-				"branch": "main",
-				"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
-				"envVars": [],
-				"labels": [],
-				"volumes": [],
-				"ports": []
-			},
-			{
-				"name": "new-app",
-				"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/new.git",
-				"branch": "main",
-				"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
-				"envVars": [],
-				"labels": [],
-				"volumes": [],
-				"ports": []
-			}
-		]
-	}`
-
-	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
-	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusSeeOther, recorder.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Location"), "skipped")
-
-	// Should have 2 apps total (existing + new)
-	apps, err := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Len(t, apps, 2)
-}
-
-func TestHandleImportAppsInvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-
-	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, "not valid json")
-	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-	// Should render the page with error, not redirect
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "Invalid backup file")
-}
-
-func TestHandleImportAppsUnsupportedVersion(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-
-	backupJSON := `{"version": 99, "exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z", "apps": [{"name": "test"}]}`
-
-	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
-	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "Unsupported backup version")
-}
-
-func TestHandleImportAppsEmptyBundle(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-
-	backupJSON := `{"version": 1, "exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z", "apps": []}`
-
-	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
-	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "contains no apps")
-}
-
-func TestHandleImportPage(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/import", nil)
-	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportPage()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
-	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "Import Backup")
-}
-
-func TestExportImportRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-	createTestAppWithConfig(t, testCtx, "roundtrip-app")
-
-	// Export
-	exportReq := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/export", nil)
-	exportRec := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	testCtx.handlers.HandleExportAllApps().ServeHTTP(exportRec, exportReq)
-
-	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, exportRec.Code)
-
-	exportedJSON := exportRec.Body.String()
-
-	// Delete the original app
-	apps, _ := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
-	for _, a := range apps {
-		require.NoError(t, a.Delete(context.Background()))
-	}
-
-	// Import
-	importReq := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, exportedJSON)
-	importRec := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps().ServeHTTP(importRec, importReq)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusSeeOther, importRec.Code)
-
-	// Verify the app was recreated with all config
-	restoredApps, _ := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
-	require.Len(t, restoredApps, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "roundtrip-app", restoredApps[0].Name)
-
-	envVars, _ := restoredApps[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, envVars, 1)
-
-	labels, _ := restoredApps[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, labels, 1)
-
-	volumes, _ := restoredApps[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, volumes, 1)
-
-	ports, _ := restoredApps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, ports, 1)
-}
-
-// TestAPIExportApp tests the API endpoint for exporting a single app.
-func TestAPIExportApp(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
-
-	createdApp, err := tc.appSvc.CreateApp(t.Context(), app.CreateAppInput{
-		Name:    "api-export-app",
-		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	rr := apiGet(t, tc, cookies, "/api/v1/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/export")
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
-
-	var bundle app.BackupBundle
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
-
-	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
-	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "api-export-app", bundle.Apps[0].Name)
-}
-
-// TestAPIExportAppNotFound tests the API endpoint for a nonexistent app.
-func TestAPIExportAppNotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
-
-	rr := apiGet(t, tc, cookies, "/api/v1/apps/nonexistent/export")
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, rr.Code)
-}
-
-// TestAPIExportAllApps tests the API endpoint for exporting all apps.
-func TestAPIExportAllApps(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
-
-	_, err := tc.appSvc.CreateApp(t.Context(), app.CreateAppInput{
-		Name:    "api-export-all-1",
-		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo1.git",
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	_, err = tc.appSvc.CreateApp(t.Context(), app.CreateAppInput{
-		Name:    "api-export-all-2",
-		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo2.git",
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	rr := apiGet(t, tc, cookies, "/api/v1/backup/export")
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
-
-	var bundle app.BackupBundle
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
-
-	assert.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 2)
-}
-
-// TestAPIImportApps tests the API import endpoint.
-func TestAPIImportApps(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
-
-	backupJSON := `{
-		"version": 1,
-		"exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
-		"apps": [{
-			"name": "api-imported-app",
-			"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
-			"branch": "main",
-			"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
-			"envVars": [],
-			"labels": [],
-			"volumes": [],
-			"ports": []
-		}]
-	}`
-
-	r := apiRouter(tc)
-
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/backup/import", strings.NewReader(backupJSON))
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-
-	for _, c := range cookies {
-		req.AddCookie(c)
-	}
-
-	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	r.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
-
-	var resp map[string]any
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
-
-	imported, ok := resp["imported"].([]any)
-	require.True(t, ok)
-	assert.Len(t, imported, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "api-imported-app", imported[0])
-}
-
-// TestAPIImportAppsInvalidBody tests that the API rejects bad JSON.
-func TestAPIImportAppsInvalidBody(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
-
-	r := apiRouter(tc)
-
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/backup/import", strings.NewReader("not json"))
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-
-	for _, c := range cookies {
-		req.AddCookie(c)
-	}
-
-	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	r.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rr.Code)
-}
-
-// TestAPIImportAppsUnsupportedVersion tests that the API rejects bad versions.
-func TestAPIImportAppsUnsupportedVersion(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
-
-	r := apiRouter(tc)
-
-	body := `{"version": 42, "apps": [{"name": "x"}]}`
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/backup/import", strings.NewReader(body))
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-
-	for _, c := range cookies {
-		req.AddCookie(c)
-	}
-
-	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	r.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rr.Code)
-}
--- a/internal/models/app.go
+++ b/internal/models/app.go
@@ -119,6 +119,11 @@ func (a *App) GetWebhookEvents(
 	return FindWebhookEventsByAppID(ctx, a.db, a.ID, limit)
 }

+// GetRegistryCredentials returns all registry credentials for the app.
+func (a *App) GetRegistryCredentials(ctx context.Context) ([]*RegistryCredential, error) {
+	return FindRegistryCredentialsByAppID(ctx, a.db, a.ID)
+}
+
 func (a *App) exists(ctx context.Context) bool {
 	if a.ID == "" {
 		return false
--- a/internal/models/models_test.go
+++ b/internal/models/models_test.go
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ const (
 	testBranch    = "main"
 	testValue     = "value"
 	testEventType = "push"
+	testUser      = "user"
 )

 func setupTestDB(t *testing.T) (*database.Database, func()) {
@@ -704,6 +705,127 @@ func TestAppGetWebhookEvents(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Len(t, events, 1)
 }

+// RegistryCredential Tests.
+
+func TestRegistryCredentialCreateAndFind(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testDB, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	app := createTestApp(t, testDB)
+
+	cred := models.NewRegistryCredential(testDB)
+	cred.AppID = app.ID
+	cred.Registry = "registry.example.com"
+	cred.Username = "myuser"
+	cred.Password = "mypassword"
+
+	err := cred.Save(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotZero(t, cred.ID)
+
+	creds, err := models.FindRegistryCredentialsByAppID(
+		context.Background(), testDB, app.ID,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, creds, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "registry.example.com", creds[0].Registry)
+	assert.Equal(t, "myuser", creds[0].Username)
+	assert.Equal(t, "mypassword", creds[0].Password)
+}
+
+func TestRegistryCredentialUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testDB, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	app := createTestApp(t, testDB)
+
+	cred := models.NewRegistryCredential(testDB)
+	cred.AppID = app.ID
+	cred.Registry = "old.registry.com"
+	cred.Username = "olduser"
+	cred.Password = "oldpass"
+
+	err := cred.Save(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cred.Registry = "new.registry.com"
+	cred.Username = "newuser"
+	cred.Password = "newpass"
+
+	err = cred.Save(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	found, err := models.FindRegistryCredential(context.Background(), testDB, cred.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, found)
+	assert.Equal(t, "new.registry.com", found.Registry)
+	assert.Equal(t, "newuser", found.Username)
+	assert.Equal(t, "newpass", found.Password)
+}
+
+func TestRegistryCredentialDelete(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testDB, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	app := createTestApp(t, testDB)
+
+	cred := models.NewRegistryCredential(testDB)
+	cred.AppID = app.ID
+	cred.Registry = "delete.registry.com"
+	cred.Username = testUser
+	cred.Password = "pass"
+
+	err := cred.Save(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = cred.Delete(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	creds, err := models.FindRegistryCredentialsByAppID(
+		context.Background(), testDB, app.ID,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, creds)
+}
+
+func TestRegistryCredentialFindByIDNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testDB, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	found, err := models.FindRegistryCredential(context.Background(), testDB, 99999)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, found)
+}
+
+func TestAppGetRegistryCredentials(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testDB, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	app := createTestApp(t, testDB)
+
+	cred := models.NewRegistryCredential(testDB)
+	cred.AppID = app.ID
+	cred.Registry = "ghcr.io"
+	cred.Username = testUser
+	cred.Password = "token"
+	_ = cred.Save(context.Background())
+
+	creds, err := app.GetRegistryCredentials(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, creds, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ghcr.io", creds[0].Registry)
+}
+
 // Cascade Delete Tests.

 //nolint:funlen // Test function with many assertions - acceptable for integration tests
@@ -749,6 +871,13 @@ func TestCascadeDelete(t *testing.T) {
 		deploy.Status = models.DeploymentStatusSuccess
 		_ = deploy.Save(context.Background())

+		regCred := models.NewRegistryCredential(testDB)
+		regCred.AppID = app.ID
+		regCred.Registry = "registry.example.com"
+		regCred.Username = testUser
+		regCred.Password = "pass"
+		_ = regCred.Save(context.Background())
+
 		// Delete app.
 		err := app.Delete(context.Background())
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -778,6 +907,11 @@ func TestCascadeDelete(t *testing.T) {
 			context.Background(), testDB, app.ID, 10,
 		)
 		assert.Empty(t, deployments)
+
+		regCreds, _ := models.FindRegistryCredentialsByAppID(
+			context.Background(), testDB, app.ID,
+		)
+		assert.Empty(t, regCreds)
 	})
 }

--- a/internal/models/registry_credential.go
+++ b/internal/models/registry_credential.go
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package models
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/database"
+)
+
+// RegistryCredential represents authentication credentials for a private Docker registry.
+type RegistryCredential struct {
+	db *database.Database
+
+	ID       int64
+	AppID    string
+	Registry string
+	Username string
+	Password string //nolint:gosec // credential field required for registry auth
+}
+
+// NewRegistryCredential creates a new RegistryCredential with a database reference.
+func NewRegistryCredential(db *database.Database) *RegistryCredential {
+	return &RegistryCredential{db: db}
+}
+
+// Save inserts or updates the registry credential in the database.
+func (r *RegistryCredential) Save(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if r.ID == 0 {
+		return r.insert(ctx)
+	}
+
+	return r.update(ctx)
+}
+
+// Delete removes the registry credential from the database.
+func (r *RegistryCredential) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
+	_, err := r.db.Exec(ctx, "DELETE FROM registry_credentials WHERE id = ?", r.ID)
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func (r *RegistryCredential) insert(ctx context.Context) error {
+	query := "INSERT INTO registry_credentials (app_id, registry, username, password) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)"
+
+	result, err := r.db.Exec(ctx, query, r.AppID, r.Registry, r.Username, r.Password)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	id, err := result.LastInsertId()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	r.ID = id
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *RegistryCredential) update(ctx context.Context) error {
+	query := "UPDATE registry_credentials SET registry = ?, username = ?, password = ? WHERE id = ?"
+
+	_, err := r.db.Exec(ctx, query, r.Registry, r.Username, r.Password, r.ID)
+
+	return err
+}
+
+// FindRegistryCredential finds a registry credential by ID.
+//
+//nolint:nilnil // returning nil,nil is idiomatic for "not found" in Active Record
+func FindRegistryCredential(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	db *database.Database,
+	id int64,
+) (*RegistryCredential, error) {
+	cred := NewRegistryCredential(db)
+
+	row := db.QueryRow(ctx,
+		"SELECT id, app_id, registry, username, password FROM registry_credentials WHERE id = ?",
+		id,
+	)
+
+	err := row.Scan(&cred.ID, &cred.AppID, &cred.Registry, &cred.Username, &cred.Password)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning registry credential: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return cred, nil
+}
+
+// FindRegistryCredentialsByAppID finds all registry credentials for an app.
+func FindRegistryCredentialsByAppID(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	db *database.Database,
+	appID string,
+) ([]*RegistryCredential, error) {
+	query := `
+		SELECT id, app_id, registry, username, password FROM registry_credentials
+		WHERE app_id = ? ORDER BY registry`
+
+	rows, err := db.Query(ctx, query, appID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("querying registry credentials by app: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
+
+	var creds []*RegistryCredential
+
+	for rows.Next() {
+		cred := NewRegistryCredential(db)
+
+		scanErr := rows.Scan(
+			&cred.ID, &cred.AppID, &cred.Registry, &cred.Username, &cred.Password,
+		)
+		if scanErr != nil {
+			return nil, scanErr
+		}
+
+		creds = append(creds, cred)
+	}
+
+	return creds, rows.Err()
+}
--- a/internal/server/routes.go
+++ b/internal/server/routes.go
@@ -99,11 +99,10 @@ func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/ports", s.handlers.HandlePortAdd())
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/ports/{portID}/delete", s.handlers.HandlePortDelete())

-			// Backup/Restore
-			r.Get("/apps/{id}/export", s.handlers.HandleExportApp())
-			r.Get("/backup/export", s.handlers.HandleExportAllApps())
-			r.Get("/backup/import", s.handlers.HandleImportPage())
-			r.Post("/backup/import", s.handlers.HandleImportApps())
+			// Registry Credentials
+			r.Post("/apps/{id}/registry-credentials", s.handlers.HandleRegistryCredentialAdd())
+			r.Post("/apps/{id}/registry-credentials/{credID}/edit", s.handlers.HandleRegistryCredentialEdit())
+			r.Post("/apps/{id}/registry-credentials/{credID}/delete", s.handlers.HandleRegistryCredentialDelete())
 		})
 	})

@@ -121,11 +120,6 @@ func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
 			r.Get("/apps", s.handlers.HandleAPIListApps())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}", s.handlers.HandleAPIGetApp())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments", s.handlers.HandleAPIListDeployments())
-
-			// Backup/Restore API
-			r.Get("/apps/{id}/export", s.handlers.HandleAPIExportApp())
-			r.Get("/backup/export", s.handlers.HandleAPIExportAllApps())
-			r.Post("/backup/import", s.handlers.HandleAPIImportApps())
 		})
 	})

--- a/internal/service/app/backup.go
+++ b/internal/service/app/backup.go
@@ -1,391 +0,0 @@
-package app
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
-)
-
-// BackupEnvVar represents an environment variable in a backup.
-type BackupEnvVar struct {
-	Key   string `json:"key"`
-	Value string `json:"value"`
-}
-
-// BackupLabel represents a Docker label in a backup.
-type BackupLabel struct {
-	Key   string `json:"key"`
-	Value string `json:"value"`
-}
-
-// BackupVolume represents a volume mount in a backup.
-type BackupVolume struct {
-	HostPath      string `json:"hostPath"`
-	ContainerPath string `json:"containerPath"`
-	ReadOnly      bool   `json:"readOnly"`
-}
-
-// BackupPort represents a port mapping in a backup.
-type BackupPort struct {
-	HostPort      int    `json:"hostPort"`
-	ContainerPort int    `json:"containerPort"`
-	Protocol      string `json:"protocol"`
-}
-
-// Backup represents the exported configuration of a single app.
-type Backup struct {
-	Name           string         `json:"name"`
-	RepoURL        string         `json:"repoUrl"`
-	Branch         string         `json:"branch"`
-	DockerfilePath string         `json:"dockerfilePath"`
-	DockerNetwork  string         `json:"dockerNetwork,omitempty"`
-	NtfyTopic      string         `json:"ntfyTopic,omitempty"`
-	SlackWebhook   string         `json:"slackWebhook,omitempty"`
-	EnvVars        []BackupEnvVar `json:"envVars"`
-	Labels         []BackupLabel  `json:"labels"`
-	Volumes        []BackupVolume `json:"volumes"`
-	Ports          []BackupPort   `json:"ports"`
-}
-
-// BackupBundle represents a complete backup of one or more apps.
-type BackupBundle struct {
-	Version    int      `json:"version"`
-	ExportedAt string   `json:"exportedAt"`
-	Apps       []Backup `json:"apps"`
-}
-
-// backupVersion is the current backup format version.
-const backupVersion = 1
-
-// ExportApp exports a single app's configuration as a BackupBundle.
-func (svc *Service) ExportApp(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	application *models.App,
-) (*BackupBundle, error) {
-	appBackup, err := svc.buildAppBackup(ctx, application)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &BackupBundle{
-		Version:    backupVersion,
-		ExportedAt: time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
-		Apps:       []Backup{appBackup},
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// ExportAllApps exports all app configurations as a BackupBundle.
-func (svc *Service) ExportAllApps(ctx context.Context) (*BackupBundle, error) {
-	apps, err := models.AllApps(ctx, svc.db)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing apps for export: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	backups := make([]Backup, 0, len(apps))
-
-	for _, application := range apps {
-		appBackup, buildErr := svc.buildAppBackup(ctx, application)
-		if buildErr != nil {
-			return nil, buildErr
-		}
-
-		backups = append(backups, appBackup)
-	}
-
-	return &BackupBundle{
-		Version:    backupVersion,
-		ExportedAt: time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
-		Apps:       backups,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// ImportApps imports app configurations from a BackupBundle.
-// It creates new apps (with fresh IDs, SSH keys, and webhook secrets)
-// and populates their env vars, labels, volumes, and ports.
-// Apps whose names conflict with existing apps are skipped and reported.
-func (svc *Service) ImportApps(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	bundle *BackupBundle,
-) ([]string, []string, error) {
-	// Build a set of existing app names for conflict detection
-	existingApps, listErr := models.AllApps(ctx, svc.db)
-	if listErr != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("listing existing apps: %w", listErr)
-	}
-
-	existingNames := make(map[string]bool, len(existingApps))
-	for _, a := range existingApps {
-		existingNames[a.Name] = true
-	}
-
-	var imported, skipped []string
-
-	for _, ab := range bundle.Apps {
-		if existingNames[ab.Name] {
-			skipped = append(skipped, ab.Name)
-
-			continue
-		}
-
-		importErr := svc.importSingleApp(ctx, ab)
-		if importErr != nil {
-			return imported, skipped, fmt.Errorf(
-				"importing app %q: %w", ab.Name, importErr,
-			)
-		}
-
-		imported = append(imported, ab.Name)
-	}
-
-	return imported, skipped, nil
-}
-
-// importSingleApp creates a single app from backup data.
-func (svc *Service) importSingleApp(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	ab Backup,
-) error {
-	createdApp, createErr := svc.CreateApp(ctx, CreateAppInput{
-		Name:           ab.Name,
-		RepoURL:        ab.RepoURL,
-		Branch:         ab.Branch,
-		DockerfilePath: ab.DockerfilePath,
-		DockerNetwork:  ab.DockerNetwork,
-		NtfyTopic:      ab.NtfyTopic,
-		SlackWebhook:   ab.SlackWebhook,
-	})
-	if createErr != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating app: %w", createErr)
-	}
-
-	envErr := svc.importEnvVars(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.EnvVars)
-	if envErr != nil {
-		return envErr
-	}
-
-	labelErr := svc.importLabels(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.Labels)
-	if labelErr != nil {
-		return labelErr
-	}
-
-	volErr := svc.importVolumes(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.Volumes)
-	if volErr != nil {
-		return volErr
-	}
-
-	portErr := svc.importPorts(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.Ports)
-	if portErr != nil {
-		return portErr
-	}
-
-	svc.log.Info("app imported from backup",
-		"id", createdApp.ID, "name", createdApp.Name)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// importEnvVars adds env vars from backup to an app.
-func (svc *Service) importEnvVars(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	appID string,
-	envVars []BackupEnvVar,
-) error {
-	for _, ev := range envVars {
-		addErr := svc.AddEnvVar(ctx, appID, ev.Key, ev.Value)
-		if addErr != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("adding env var %q: %w", ev.Key, addErr)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// importLabels adds labels from backup to an app.
-func (svc *Service) importLabels(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	appID string,
-	labels []BackupLabel,
-) error {
-	for _, l := range labels {
-		addErr := svc.AddLabel(ctx, appID, l.Key, l.Value)
-		if addErr != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("adding label %q: %w", l.Key, addErr)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// importVolumes adds volumes from backup to an app.
-func (svc *Service) importVolumes(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	appID string,
-	volumes []BackupVolume,
-) error {
-	for _, v := range volumes {
-		addErr := svc.AddVolume(ctx, appID, v.HostPath, v.ContainerPath, v.ReadOnly)
-		if addErr != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("adding volume %q: %w", v.ContainerPath, addErr)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// importPorts adds ports from backup to an app.
-func (svc *Service) importPorts(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	appID string,
-	ports []BackupPort,
-) error {
-	for _, p := range ports {
-		port := models.NewPort(svc.db)
-		port.AppID = appID
-		port.HostPort = p.HostPort
-		port.ContainerPort = p.ContainerPort
-		port.Protocol = models.PortProtocol(p.Protocol)
-
-		if port.Protocol == "" {
-			port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
-		}
-
-		saveErr := port.Save(ctx)
-		if saveErr != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("adding port %d: %w", p.HostPort, saveErr)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// buildAppBackup collects all configuration for a single app into a Backup.
-func (svc *Service) buildAppBackup(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	application *models.App,
-) (Backup, error) {
-	envVars, labels, volumes, ports, err := svc.fetchAppResources(ctx, application)
-	if err != nil {
-		return Backup{}, err
-	}
-
-	backup := Backup{
-		Name:           application.Name,
-		RepoURL:        application.RepoURL,
-		Branch:         application.Branch,
-		DockerfilePath: application.DockerfilePath,
-		EnvVars:        convertEnvVars(envVars),
-		Labels:         convertLabels(labels),
-		Volumes:        convertVolumes(volumes),
-		Ports:          convertPorts(ports),
-	}
-
-	if application.DockerNetwork.Valid {
-		backup.DockerNetwork = application.DockerNetwork.String
-	}
-
-	if application.NtfyTopic.Valid {
-		backup.NtfyTopic = application.NtfyTopic.String
-	}
-
-	if application.SlackWebhook.Valid {
-		backup.SlackWebhook = application.SlackWebhook.String
-	}
-
-	return backup, nil
-}
-
-// fetchAppResources retrieves all sub-resources for an app.
-func (svc *Service) fetchAppResources(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	application *models.App,
-) ([]*models.EnvVar, []*models.Label, []*models.Volume, []*models.Port, error) {
-	envVars, err := application.GetEnvVars(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
-			"getting env vars for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
-		)
-	}
-
-	labels, err := application.GetLabels(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
-			"getting labels for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
-		)
-	}
-
-	volumes, err := application.GetVolumes(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
-			"getting volumes for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
-		)
-	}
-
-	ports, err := application.GetPorts(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
-			"getting ports for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
-		)
-	}
-
-	return envVars, labels, volumes, ports, nil
-}
-
-// convertEnvVars converts model env vars to backup format.
-func convertEnvVars(envVars []*models.EnvVar) []BackupEnvVar {
-	result := make([]BackupEnvVar, 0, len(envVars))
-
-	for _, ev := range envVars {
-		result = append(result, BackupEnvVar{
-			Key:   ev.Key,
-			Value: ev.Value,
-		})
-	}
-
-	return result
-}
-
-// convertLabels converts model labels to backup format.
-func convertLabels(labels []*models.Label) []BackupLabel {
-	result := make([]BackupLabel, 0, len(labels))
-
-	for _, l := range labels {
-		result = append(result, BackupLabel{
-			Key:   l.Key,
-			Value: l.Value,
-		})
-	}
-
-	return result
-}
-
-// convertVolumes converts model volumes to backup format.
-func convertVolumes(volumes []*models.Volume) []BackupVolume {
-	result := make([]BackupVolume, 0, len(volumes))
-
-	for _, v := range volumes {
-		result = append(result, BackupVolume{
-			HostPath:      v.HostPath,
-			ContainerPath: v.ContainerPath,
-			ReadOnly:      v.ReadOnly,
-		})
-	}
-
-	return result
-}
-
-// convertPorts converts model ports to backup format.
-func convertPorts(ports []*models.Port) []BackupPort {
-	result := make([]BackupPort, 0, len(ports))
-
-	for _, p := range ports {
-		result = append(result, BackupPort{
-			HostPort:      p.HostPort,
-			ContainerPort: p.ContainerPort,
-			Protocol:      string(p.Protocol),
-		})
-	}
-
-	return result
-}
--- a/internal/service/app/backup_test.go
+++ b/internal/service/app/backup_test.go
@@ -1,379 +0,0 @@
-package app_test
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"go.uber.org/fx"
-
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/config"
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/database"
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/globals"
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/logger"
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/app"
-)
-
-// backupTestContext bundles test dependencies for backup tests.
-type backupTestContext struct {
-	svc *app.Service
-	db  *database.Database
-}
-
-func setupBackupTest(t *testing.T) *backupTestContext {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-
-	globals.SetAppname("upaas-test")
-	globals.SetVersion("test")
-
-	globalsInst, err := globals.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	loggerInst, err := logger.New(
-		fx.Lifecycle(nil),
-		logger.Params{Globals: globalsInst},
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	cfg := &config.Config{
-		Port:          8080,
-		DataDir:       tmpDir,
-		SessionSecret: "test-secret-key-at-least-32-chars",
-	}
-
-	dbInst, err := database.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil), database.Params{
-		Logger: loggerInst,
-		Config: cfg,
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	svc, err := app.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil), app.ServiceParams{
-		Logger:   loggerInst,
-		Database: dbInst,
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return &backupTestContext{svc: svc, db: dbInst}
-}
-
-// createAppWithFullConfig creates an app with env vars, labels, volumes, and ports.
-func createAppWithFullConfig(
-	t *testing.T,
-	btc *backupTestContext,
-	name string,
-) *models.App {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	createdApp, err := btc.svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
-		Name:          name,
-		RepoURL:       "git@example.com:user/" + name + ".git",
-		Branch:        "develop",
-		NtfyTopic:     "https://ntfy.sh/" + name,
-		DockerNetwork: "test-network",
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddEnvVar(
-		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "DB_HOST", "localhost",
-	))
-	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddEnvVar(
-		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "DB_PORT", "5432",
-	))
-	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddLabel(
-		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "traefik.enable", "true",
-	))
-	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddVolume(
-		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "/data", "/app/data", false,
-	))
-
-	port := models.NewPort(btc.db)
-	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
-	port.HostPort = 9090
-	port.ContainerPort = 8080
-	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
-	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
-
-	return createdApp
-}
-
-// createAppWithConfigPort creates an app like createAppWithFullConfig but with
-// a custom host port to avoid UNIQUE constraint collisions.
-func createAppWithConfigPort(
-	t *testing.T,
-	btc *backupTestContext,
-	name string,
-	hostPort int,
-) *models.App {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	createdApp, err := btc.svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
-		Name:          name,
-		RepoURL:       "git@example.com:user/" + name + ".git",
-		Branch:        "develop",
-		NtfyTopic:     "https://ntfy.sh/" + name,
-		DockerNetwork: "test-network",
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddEnvVar(
-		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "DB_HOST", "localhost",
-	))
-	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddLabel(
-		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "traefik.enable", "true",
-	))
-	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddVolume(
-		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "/data2", "/app/data2", false,
-	))
-
-	port := models.NewPort(btc.db)
-	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
-	port.HostPort = hostPort
-	port.ContainerPort = 8080
-	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
-	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
-
-	return createdApp
-}
-
-func TestExportApp(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
-	createdApp := createAppWithFullConfig(t, btc, "export-svc-test")
-
-	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportApp(context.Background(), createdApp)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, bundle.ExportedAt)
-	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
-
-	ab := bundle.Apps[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, "export-svc-test", ab.Name)
-	assert.Equal(t, "develop", ab.Branch)
-	assert.Equal(t, "test-network", ab.DockerNetwork)
-	assert.Equal(t, "https://ntfy.sh/export-svc-test", ab.NtfyTopic)
-	assert.Len(t, ab.EnvVars, 2)
-	assert.Len(t, ab.Labels, 1)
-	assert.Len(t, ab.Volumes, 1)
-	assert.Len(t, ab.Ports, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, 9090, ab.Ports[0].HostPort)
-	assert.Equal(t, 8080, ab.Ports[0].ContainerPort)
-	assert.Equal(t, "tcp", ab.Ports[0].Protocol)
-}
-
-func TestExportAllApps(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
-	createAppWithFullConfig(t, btc, "export-all-1")
-	createAppWithConfigPort(t, btc, "export-all-2", 9091)
-
-	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportAllApps(context.Background())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
-	assert.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 2)
-}
-
-func TestExportAllAppsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
-
-	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportAllApps(context.Background())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Empty(t, bundle.Apps)
-}
-
-func TestImportApps(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
-
-	bundle := &app.BackupBundle{
-		Version:    1,
-		ExportedAt: "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
-		Apps: []app.Backup{
-			{
-				Name:           "imported-test",
-				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/imported.git",
-				Branch:         "main",
-				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
-				DockerNetwork:  "my-network",
-				EnvVars: []app.BackupEnvVar{
-					{Key: "FOO", Value: "bar"},
-				},
-				Labels: []app.BackupLabel{
-					{Key: "app", Value: "test"},
-				},
-				Volumes: []app.BackupVolume{
-					{HostPath: "/host", ContainerPath: "/container", ReadOnly: true},
-				},
-				Ports: []app.BackupPort{
-					{HostPort: 3000, ContainerPort: 8080, Protocol: "tcp"},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	imported, skipped, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"imported-test"}, imported)
-	assert.Empty(t, skipped)
-
-	// Verify the app was created
-	apps, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
-	require.Len(t, apps, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "imported-test", apps[0].Name)
-	assert.True(t, apps[0].DockerNetwork.Valid)
-	assert.Equal(t, "my-network", apps[0].DockerNetwork.String)
-
-	// Has fresh secrets
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, apps[0].WebhookSecret)
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, apps[0].SSHPublicKey)
-
-	// Verify sub-resources
-	envVars, _ := apps[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, envVars, 1)
-
-	labels, _ := apps[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, labels, 1)
-
-	volumes, _ := apps[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, volumes, 1)
-	assert.True(t, volumes[0].ReadOnly)
-
-	ports, _ := apps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, ports, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, 3000, ports[0].HostPort)
-}
-
-func TestImportAppsSkipsDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
-
-	// Create existing app
-	_, err := btc.svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
-		Name:    "existing",
-		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/existing.git",
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	bundle := &app.BackupBundle{
-		Version:    1,
-		ExportedAt: "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
-		Apps: []app.Backup{
-			{
-				Name:           "existing",
-				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/existing.git",
-				Branch:         "main",
-				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
-				EnvVars:        []app.BackupEnvVar{},
-				Labels:         []app.BackupLabel{},
-				Volumes:        []app.BackupVolume{},
-				Ports:          []app.BackupPort{},
-			},
-			{
-				Name:           "brand-new",
-				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/new.git",
-				Branch:         "main",
-				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
-				EnvVars:        []app.BackupEnvVar{},
-				Labels:         []app.BackupLabel{},
-				Volumes:        []app.BackupVolume{},
-				Ports:          []app.BackupPort{},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	imported, skipped, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"brand-new"}, imported)
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"existing"}, skipped)
-}
-
-func TestImportAppsPortDefaultProtocol(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
-
-	bundle := &app.BackupBundle{
-		Version:    1,
-		ExportedAt: "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
-		Apps: []app.Backup{
-			{
-				Name:           "port-default-test",
-				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
-				Branch:         "main",
-				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
-				EnvVars:        []app.BackupEnvVar{},
-				Labels:         []app.BackupLabel{},
-				Volumes:        []app.BackupVolume{},
-				Ports: []app.BackupPort{
-					{HostPort: 80, ContainerPort: 80, Protocol: ""},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	imported, _, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Len(t, imported, 1)
-
-	apps, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
-	ports, _ := apps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
-	require.Len(t, ports, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, models.PortProtocolTCP, ports[0].Protocol)
-}
-
-func TestExportImportRoundTripService(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
-	createAppWithFullConfig(t, btc, "roundtrip-svc")
-
-	// Export
-	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportAllApps(context.Background())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
-
-	// Delete original
-	apps, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
-	for _, a := range apps {
-		require.NoError(t, btc.svc.DeleteApp(context.Background(), a))
-	}
-
-	// Import
-	imported, skipped, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Len(t, imported, 1)
-	assert.Empty(t, skipped)
-
-	// Verify round-trip fidelity
-	restored, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
-	require.Len(t, restored, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, "roundtrip-svc", restored[0].Name)
-	assert.Equal(t, "develop", restored[0].Branch)
-	assert.Equal(t, "test-network", restored[0].DockerNetwork.String)
-
-	envVars, _ := restored[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, envVars, 2)
-
-	labels, _ := restored[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, labels, 1)
-
-	volumes, _ := restored[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, volumes, 1)
-
-	ports, _ := restored[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
-	assert.Len(t, ports, 1)
-}
--- a/internal/service/deploy/deploy.go
+++ b/internal/service/deploy/deploy.go
@@ -830,6 +830,13 @@ func (svc *Service) buildImage(
 	logWriter := newDeploymentLogWriter(ctx, deployment)
 	defer logWriter.Close()

+	// Fetch registry credentials for private base images
+	registryAuths, err := svc.buildRegistryAuths(ctx, app)
+	if err != nil {
+		svc.log.Warn("failed to fetch registry credentials", "error", err, "app", app.Name)
+		// Continue without auth — public images will still work
+	}
+
 	// BuildImage creates a tar archive from the local filesystem,
 	// so it needs the container path where files exist, not the host path.
 	imageID, err := svc.docker.BuildImage(ctx, docker.BuildImageOptions{
@@ -837,6 +844,7 @@ func (svc *Service) buildImage(
 		DockerfilePath: app.DockerfilePath,
 		Tags:           []string{imageTag},
 		LogWriter:      logWriter,
+		RegistryAuths:  registryAuths,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		svc.notify.NotifyBuildFailed(ctx, app, deployment, err)
@@ -1227,6 +1235,34 @@ func (svc *Service) failDeployment(
 	_ = app.Save(ctx)
 }

+// buildRegistryAuths fetches registry credentials for an app and converts them
+// to Docker RegistryAuth objects for use during image builds.
+func (svc *Service) buildRegistryAuths(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	app *models.App,
+) ([]docker.RegistryAuth, error) {
+	creds, err := app.GetRegistryCredentials(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get registry credentials: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(creds) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	auths := make([]docker.RegistryAuth, 0, len(creds))
+
+	for _, cred := range creds {
+		auths = append(auths, docker.RegistryAuth{
+			Registry: cred.Registry,
+			Username: cred.Username,
+			Password: cred.Password,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return auths, nil
+}
+
 // writeLogsToFile writes the deployment logs to a file on disk.
 // Structure: DataDir/logs/<hostname>/<appname>/<appname>_<sha>_<timestamp>.log.txt
 func (svc *Service) writeLogsToFile(app *models.App, deployment *models.Deployment) {
--- a/templates/app_detail.html
+++ b/templates/app_detail.html
@@ -154,6 +154,69 @@
        <div class="hidden">{{ .CSRFField }}</div>
    </div>

+    <!-- Registry Credentials -->
+    <div class="card p-6 mb-6">
+        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Registry Credentials</h2>
+        <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-3">Authenticate to private Docker registries when pulling base images during builds.</p>
+        {{if .RegistryCredentials}}
+        <div class="overflow-x-auto mb-4">
+            <table class="table">
+                <thead class="table-header">
+                    <tr>
+                        <th>Registry</th>
+                        <th>Username</th>
+                        <th>Password</th>
+                        <th class="text-right">Actions</th>
+                    </tr>
+                </thead>
+                <tbody class="table-body">
+                    {{range .RegistryCredentials}}
+                    <tr x-data="{ editing: false }">
+                        <template x-if="!editing">
+                            <td class="font-mono">{{.Registry}}</td>
+                        </template>
+                        <template x-if="!editing">
+                            <td class="font-mono">{{.Username}}</td>
+                        </template>
+                        <template x-if="!editing">
+                            <td class="font-mono text-gray-400">••••••••</td>
+                        </template>
+                        <template x-if="!editing">
+                            <td class="text-right">
+                                <button @click="editing = true" class="text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-800 text-sm mr-2">Edit</button>
+                                <form method="POST" action="/apps/{{$.App.ID}}/registry-credentials/{{.ID}}/delete" class="inline" x-data="confirmAction('Delete this registry credential?')" @submit="confirm($event)">
+                                    {{ $.CSRFField }}
+                                    <button type="submit" class="text-error-500 hover:text-error-700 text-sm">Delete</button>
+                                </form>
+                            </td>
+                        </template>
+                        <template x-if="editing">
+                            <td colspan="4">
+                                <form method="POST" action="/apps/{{$.App.ID}}/registry-credentials/{{.ID}}/edit" class="flex gap-2 items-center">
+                                    {{ $.CSRFField }}
+                                    <input type="text" name="registry" value="{{.Registry}}" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm" placeholder="registry.example.com">
+                                    <input type="text" name="username" value="{{.Username}}" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm" placeholder="username">
+                                    <input type="password" name="password" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm" placeholder="password">
+                                    <button type="submit" class="btn-primary text-sm">Save</button>
+                                    <button type="button" @click="editing = false" class="text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 text-sm">Cancel</button>
+                                </form>
+                            </td>
+                        </template>
+                    </tr>
+                    {{end}}
+                </tbody>
+            </table>
+        </div>
+        {{end}}
+        <form method="POST" action="/apps/{{.App.ID}}/registry-credentials" class="flex flex-col sm:flex-row gap-2">
+            {{ .CSRFField }}
+            <input type="text" name="registry" placeholder="registry.example.com" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm">
+            <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="username" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm">
+            <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="password" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm">
+            <button type="submit" class="btn-primary">Add</button>
+        </form>
+    </div>
+
    <!-- Labels -->
    <div class="card p-6 mb-6">
        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Docker Labels</h2>
@@ -432,18 +495,6 @@
        </div>
    </div>

-    <!-- Backup -->
-    <div class="card p-6 mb-6">
-        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Backup</h2>
-        <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-3">Export this app's configuration (settings, env vars, labels, volumes, ports) as a JSON file for backup or migration.</p>
-        <a href="/apps/{{.App.ID}}/export" class="btn-secondary">
-            <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1 inline" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
-                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 16v1a3 3 0 003 3h10a3 3 0 003-3v-1m-4-4l-4 4m0 0l-4-4m4 4V4"/>
-            </svg>
-            Export Config
-        </a>
-    </div>
-
    <!-- Danger Zone -->
    <div class="card border-2 border-error-500/20 bg-error-50/50 p-6">
        <h2 class="text-lg font-medium text-error-700 mb-4">Danger Zone</h2>
--- a/templates/backup_import.html
+++ b/templates/backup_import.html
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-{{template "base" .}}
-
-{{define "title"}}Import Backup - µPaaS{{end}}
-
-{{define "content"}}
-{{template "nav" .}}
-
-<main class="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-4 py-8">
-    <div class="mb-6">
-        <a href="/" class="text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-800 inline-flex items-center">
-            <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
-                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M15 19l-7-7 7-7"/>
-            </svg>
-            Back to Dashboard
-        </a>
-    </div>
-
-    {{template "alert-success" .}}
-    {{template "alert-error" .}}
-
-    <h1 class="text-2xl font-medium text-gray-900 mb-6">Import Backup</h1>
-
-    <div class="card p-6 mb-6">
-        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Restore from Backup File</h2>
-        <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4">
-            Upload a previously exported µPaaS backup file (JSON) to restore app configurations.
-            New apps will be created with fresh SSH keys and webhook secrets.
-            Apps whose names already exist will be skipped.
-        </p>
-        <form method="POST" action="/backup/import" enctype="multipart/form-data">
-            {{ .CSRFField }}
-            <div class="mb-4">
-                <label for="backup_file" class="form-label">Backup File</label>
-                <input type="file" id="backup_file" name="backup_file" accept=".json,application/json"
-                    class="block w-full text-sm text-gray-500
-                    file:mr-4 file:py-2 file:px-4
-                    file:rounded file:border-0
-                    file:text-sm file:font-medium
-                    file:bg-primary-50 file:text-primary-700
-                    hover:file:bg-primary-100
-                    cursor-pointer">
-            </div>
-            <button type="submit" class="btn-primary">Import</button>
-        </form>
-    </div>
-
-    <div class="card p-6">
-        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Export All Apps</h2>
-        <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4">
-            Download a backup of all app configurations. This includes app settings,
-            environment variables, labels, volumes, and port mappings.
-            Secrets (SSH keys, webhook tokens) are not included — they are regenerated on import.
-        </p>
-        <a href="/backup/export" class="btn-secondary">
-            <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1 inline" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
-                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 16v1a3 3 0 003 3h10a3 3 0 003-3v-1m-4-4l-4 4m0 0l-4-4m4 4V4"/>
-            </svg>
-            Export All Apps
-        </a>
-    </div>
-</main>
-{{end}}
--- a/templates/dashboard.html
+++ b/templates/dashboard.html
@@ -11,20 +11,12 @@

    <div class="section-header">
        <h1 class="text-2xl font-medium text-gray-900">Applications</h1>
-        <div class="flex gap-3">
-            <a href="/backup/import" class="btn-secondary">
-                <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1 inline" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
-                    <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 16v1a3 3 0 003 3h10a3 3 0 003-3v-1m-4-8l-4-4m0 0L8 8m4-4v12"/>
-                </svg>
-                Backup / Restore
-            </a>
-            <a href="/apps/new" class="btn-primary">
-                <svg class="w-5 h-5 mr-1" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
-                    <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M12 4v16m8-8H4"/>
-                </svg>
-                New App
-            </a>
-        </div>
+        <a href="/apps/new" class="btn-primary">
+            <svg class="w-5 h-5 mr-1" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M12 4v16m8-8H4"/>
+            </svg>
+            New App
+        </a>
    </div>

    {{if .AppStats}}
--- a/templates/templates.go
+++ b/templates/templates.go
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ func initTemplates() {
 		"app_edit.html",
 		"deployments.html",
 		"webhook_events.html",
-		"backup_import.html",
 	}

 	pageTemplates = make(map[string]*template.Template)