fix: reject duplicate env var keys with 400 instead of deduplicating

Replace deduplicateEnvPairs with validateEnvPairs that returns a 400
Bad Request error when duplicate keys are submitted, instead of
silently deduplicating (last wins).

Ref: #158

Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.PHONY: all build lint fmt fmt-check test check clean
+.PHONY: all build lint fmt fmt-check test check clean docker hooks
 
 BINARY := upaasd
 VERSION := $(shell git describe --tags --always --dirty 2>/dev/null || echo "dev")
@@ -22,12 +22,22 @@ fmt-check:
 	@test -z "$$(gofmt -l .)" || (echo "Files not formatted:" && gofmt -l . && exit 1)
 
 test:
-	go test -v -race -cover ./...
+	go test -v -race -cover -timeout 30s ./...
 
 # Check runs all validation without making changes
 # Used by CI and Docker build - fails if anything is wrong
 check: fmt-check lint test
 	@echo "==> All checks passed!"
 
+docker:
+	docker build .
+
+hooks:
+	@echo "Installing pre-commit hook..."
+	@mkdir -p .git/hooks
+	@printf '#!/bin/sh\nmake check\n' > .git/hooks/pre-commit
+	@chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-commit
+	@echo "Pre-commit hook installed."
+
 clean:
 	rm -rf bin/

README.md

@@ -111,10 +111,13 @@ chi Router ──► Middleware Stack ──► Handler
 
 ```bash
 make fmt       # Format code
+make fmt-check # Check formatting (read-only, fails if unformatted)
 make lint      # Run comprehensive linting
-make test     # Run tests with race detection
+make test      # Run tests with race detection (30s timeout)
-make check    # Verify everything passes (lint, test, build, format)
+make check     # Verify everything passes (fmt-check, lint, test)
 make build     # Build binary
+make docker    # Build Docker image
+make hooks     # Install pre-commit hook (runs make check)
 ```
 
 ### Commit Requirements

internal/handlers/app.go

@@ -54,12 +54,18 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppCreate() http.HandlerFunc { //nolint:funlen // valid
 		repoURL := request.FormValue("repo_url")
 		branch := request.FormValue("branch")
 		dockerfilePath := request.FormValue("dockerfile_path")
+		dockerNetwork := request.FormValue("docker_network")
+		ntfyTopic := request.FormValue("ntfy_topic")
+		slackWebhook := request.FormValue("slack_webhook")
 
 		data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
 			"Name":           name,
 			"RepoURL":        repoURL,
 			"Branch":         branch,
 			"DockerfilePath": dockerfilePath,
+			"DockerNetwork":  dockerNetwork,
+			"NtfyTopic":      ntfyTopic,
+			"SlackWebhook":   slackWebhook,
 		}, request)
 
 		if name == "" || repoURL == "" {
@@ -100,6 +106,9 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppCreate() http.HandlerFunc { //nolint:funlen // valid
 				RepoURL:        repoURL,
 				Branch:         branch,
 				DockerfilePath: dockerfilePath,
+				DockerNetwork:  dockerNetwork,
+				NtfyTopic:      ntfyTopic,
+				SlackWebhook:   slackWebhook,
 			},
 		)
 		if createErr != nil {
@@ -894,50 +903,92 @@ func (h *Handlers) addKeyValueToApp(
 	http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+application.ID, http.StatusSeeOther)
 }
 
-// HandleEnvVarAdd handles adding an environment variable.
+// envPairJSON represents a key-value pair in the JSON request body.
-func (h *Handlers) HandleEnvVarAdd() http.HandlerFunc {
+type envPairJSON struct {
-	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+	Key   string `json:"key"`
-		h.addKeyValueToApp(
+	Value string `json:"value"`
-			writer,
-			request,
-			func(ctx context.Context, application *models.App, key, value string) error {
-				envVar := models.NewEnvVar(h.db)
-				envVar.AppID = application.ID
-				envVar.Key = key
-				envVar.Value = value
-
-				return envVar.Save(ctx)
-			},
-		)
-	}
 }
 
-// HandleEnvVarDelete handles deleting an environment variable.
+// envVarMaxBodyBytes is the maximum allowed request body size for env var saves (1 MB).
-func (h *Handlers) HandleEnvVarDelete() http.HandlerFunc {
+const envVarMaxBodyBytes = 1 << 20
+
+// validateEnvPairs validates env var pairs.
+// It rejects empty keys and duplicate keys (returns a non-empty error string).
+func validateEnvPairs(pairs []envPairJSON) ([]models.EnvVarPair, string) {
+	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(pairs))
+
+	result := make([]models.EnvVarPair, 0, len(pairs))
+
+	for _, p := range pairs {
+		trimmedKey := strings.TrimSpace(p.Key)
+		if trimmedKey == "" {
+			return nil, "empty environment variable key is not allowed"
+		}
+
+		if seen[trimmedKey] {
+			return nil, "duplicate environment variable key: " + trimmedKey
+		}
+
+		seen[trimmedKey] = true
+
+		result = append(result, models.EnvVarPair{Key: trimmedKey, Value: p.Value})
+	}
+
+	return result, ""
+}
+
+// HandleEnvVarSave handles bulk saving of all environment variables.
+// It reads a JSON array of {key, value} objects from the request body,
+// deletes all existing env vars for the app, and inserts the full
+// submitted set atomically within a database transaction.
+// Duplicate keys are rejected with a 400 Bad Request error.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleEnvVarSave() http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
-		envVarIDStr := chi.URLParam(request, "varID")
 
-		envVarID, parseErr := strconv.ParseInt(envVarIDStr, 10, 64)
+		application, findErr := models.FindApp(request.Context(), h.db, appID)
-		if parseErr != nil {
+		if findErr != nil || application == nil {
 			http.NotFound(writer, request)
 
 			return
 		}
 
-		envVar, findErr := models.FindEnvVar(request.Context(), h.db, envVarID)
+		// Limit request body size to prevent abuse
-		if findErr != nil || envVar == nil || envVar.AppID != appID {
+		request.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(writer, request.Body, envVarMaxBodyBytes)
-			http.NotFound(writer, request)
+
+		var pairs []envPairJSON
+
+		decodeErr := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&pairs)
+		if decodeErr != nil {
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]string{
+				"error": "invalid request body",
+			}, http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
 		}
 
-		deleteErr := envVar.Delete(request.Context())
+		modelPairs, validationErr := validateEnvPairs(pairs)
-		if deleteErr != nil {
+		if validationErr != "" {
-			h.log.Error("failed to delete env var", "error", deleteErr)
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]string{
+				"error": validationErr,
+			}, http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+		replaceErr := models.ReplaceEnvVarsByAppID(
+			request.Context(), h.db, application.ID, modelPairs,
+		)
+		if replaceErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to replace env vars", "error", replaceErr)
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]string{
+				"error": "failed to save environment variables",
+			}, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		h.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]bool{"ok": true}, http.StatusOK)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1196,59 +1247,6 @@ func ValidateVolumePath(p string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// HandleEnvVarEdit handles editing an existing environment variable.
-func (h *Handlers) HandleEnvVarEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
-		envVarIDStr := chi.URLParam(request, "varID")
-
-		envVarID, parseErr := strconv.ParseInt(envVarIDStr, 10, 64)
-		if parseErr != nil {
-			http.NotFound(writer, request)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		envVar, findErr := models.FindEnvVar(request.Context(), h.db, envVarID)
-		if findErr != nil || envVar == nil || envVar.AppID != appID {
-			http.NotFound(writer, request)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		formErr := request.ParseForm()
-		if formErr != nil {
-			http.Error(writer, "Bad Request", http.StatusBadRequest)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		key := request.FormValue("key")
-		value := request.FormValue("value")
-
-		if key == "" || value == "" {
-			http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		envVar.Key = key
-		envVar.Value = value
-
-		saveErr := envVar.Save(request.Context())
-		if saveErr != nil {
-			h.log.Error("failed to update env var", "error", saveErr)
-		}
-
-		http.Redirect(
-			writer,
-			request,
-			"/apps/"+appID+"?success=env-updated",
-			http.StatusSeeOther,
-		)
-	}
-}
-
 // HandleLabelEdit handles editing an existing label.
 func (h *Handlers) HandleLabelEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {

internal/handlers/handlers_test.go

@@ -560,45 +560,242 @@ func testOwnershipVerification(t *testing.T, cfg ownedResourceTestConfig) {
 	cfg.verifyFn(t, testCtx, resourceID)
 }
 
-// TestDeleteEnvVarOwnershipVerification tests that deleting an env var
+// TestHandleEnvVarSaveBulk tests that HandleEnvVarSave replaces all env vars
-// via another app's URL path returns 404 (IDOR prevention).
+// for an app with the submitted set (monolithic delete-all + insert-all).
-func TestDeleteEnvVarOwnershipVerification(t *testing.T) { //nolint:dupl // intentionally similar IDOR test pattern
+func TestHandleEnvVarSaveBulk(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	testOwnershipVerification(t, ownedResourceTestConfig{
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-		appPrefix1: "envvar-owner-app",
+	createdApp := createTestApp(t, testCtx, "envvar-bulk-app")
-		appPrefix2: "envvar-other-app",
-		createFn: func(t *testing.T, tc *testContext, ownerApp *models.App) int64 {
-			t.Helper()
 
-			envVar := models.NewEnvVar(tc.database)
+	// Create some pre-existing env vars
-			envVar.AppID = ownerApp.ID
+	for _, kv := range [][2]string{{"OLD_KEY", "old_value"}, {"REMOVE_ME", "gone"}} {
-			envVar.Key = "SECRET"
+		ev := models.NewEnvVar(testCtx.database)
-			envVar.Value = "hunter2"
+		ev.AppID = createdApp.ID
-			require.NoError(t, envVar.Save(context.Background()))
+		ev.Key = kv[0]
+		ev.Value = kv[1]
+		require.NoError(t, ev.Save(context.Background()))
+	}
 
-			return envVar.ID
+	// Submit a new set as a JSON array of key/value objects
-		},
+	body := `[{"key":"NEW_KEY","value":"new_value"},{"key":"ANOTHER","value":"42"}]`
-		deletePath: func(appID string, resourceID int64) string {
-			return "/apps/" + appID + "/env/" + strconv.FormatInt(resourceID, 10) + "/delete"
-		},
-		chiParams: func(appID string, resourceID int64) map[string]string {
-			return map[string]string{"id": appID, "varID": strconv.FormatInt(resourceID, 10)}
-		},
-		handler: func(h *handlers.Handlers) http.HandlerFunc { return h.HandleEnvVarDelete() },
-		verifyFn: func(t *testing.T, tc *testContext, resourceID int64) {
-			t.Helper()
 
-			found, findErr := models.FindEnvVar(context.Background(), tc.database, resourceID)
+	r := chi.NewRouter()
-			require.NoError(t, findErr)
+	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
-			assert.NotNil(t, found, "env var should still exist after IDOR attempt")
+
-		},
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(
-	})
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/env",
+		strings.NewReader(body),
+	)
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+
+	// Verify old env vars are gone and new ones exist
+	envVars, err := models.FindEnvVarsByAppID(
+		context.Background(), testCtx.database, createdApp.ID,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, envVars, 2)
+
+	keys := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, ev := range envVars {
+		keys[ev.Key] = ev.Value
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "new_value", keys["NEW_KEY"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "42", keys["ANOTHER"])
+	assert.Empty(t, keys["OLD_KEY"], "old env vars should be deleted")
+	assert.Empty(t, keys["REMOVE_ME"], "old env vars should be deleted")
+}
+
+// TestHandleEnvVarSaveAppNotFound tests that HandleEnvVarSave returns 404
+// for a non-existent app.
+func TestHandleEnvVarSaveAppNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	body := `[{"key":"KEY","value":"value"}]`
+
+	r := chi.NewRouter()
+	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/apps/nonexistent-id/env",
+		strings.NewReader(body),
+	)
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, recorder.Code)
+}
+
+// TestHandleEnvVarSaveEmptyKeyRejected verifies that submitting a JSON
+// array containing an entry with an empty key returns 400.
+func TestHandleEnvVarSaveEmptyKeyRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+	createdApp := createTestApp(t, testCtx, "envvar-emptykey-app")
+
+	body := `[{"key":"VALID_KEY","value":"ok"},{"key":"","value":"bad"}]`
+
+	r := chi.NewRouter()
+	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/env",
+		strings.NewReader(body),
+	)
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, recorder.Code)
+}
+
+// TestHandleEnvVarSaveDuplicateKeyRejected verifies that when the client
+// sends duplicate keys, the server rejects them with 400 Bad Request.
+func TestHandleEnvVarSaveDuplicateKeyRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+	createdApp := createTestApp(t, testCtx, "envvar-dedup-app")
+
+	// Send two entries with the same key — should be rejected
+	body := `[{"key":"FOO","value":"first"},{"key":"BAR","value":"bar"},{"key":"FOO","value":"second"}]`
+
+	r := chi.NewRouter()
+	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/env",
+		strings.NewReader(body),
+	)
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "duplicate environment variable key: FOO")
+}
+
+// TestHandleEnvVarSaveCrossAppIsolation verifies that posting env vars
+// to appA's endpoint does not affect appB's env vars (IDOR prevention).
+func TestHandleEnvVarSaveCrossAppIsolation(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+	appA := createTestApp(t, testCtx, "envvar-iso-appA")
+	appB := createTestApp(t, testCtx, "envvar-iso-appB")
+
+	// Give appB some env vars
+	for _, kv := range [][2]string{{"B_KEY1", "b_val1"}, {"B_KEY2", "b_val2"}} {
+		ev := models.NewEnvVar(testCtx.database)
+		ev.AppID = appB.ID
+		ev.Key = kv[0]
+		ev.Value = kv[1]
+		require.NoError(t, ev.Save(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	// POST new env vars to appA's endpoint
+	body := `[{"key":"A_KEY","value":"a_val"}]`
+
+	r := chi.NewRouter()
+	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/apps/"+appA.ID+"/env",
+		strings.NewReader(body),
+	)
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+
+	// Verify appA has exactly what we sent
+	appAVars, err := models.FindEnvVarsByAppID(
+		context.Background(), testCtx.database, appA.ID,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, appAVars, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "A_KEY", appAVars[0].Key)
+
+	// Verify appB's env vars are completely untouched
+	appBVars, err := models.FindEnvVarsByAppID(
+		context.Background(), testCtx.database, appB.ID,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, appBVars, 2, "appB env vars must not be affected")
+
+	bKeys := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, ev := range appBVars {
+		bKeys[ev.Key] = ev.Value
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "b_val1", bKeys["B_KEY1"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "b_val2", bKeys["B_KEY2"])
+}
+
+// TestHandleEnvVarSaveBodySizeLimit verifies that a request body
+// exceeding the 1 MB limit is rejected.
+func TestHandleEnvVarSaveBodySizeLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+	createdApp := createTestApp(t, testCtx, "envvar-sizelimit-app")
+
+	// Build a JSON body that exceeds 1 MB
+	// Each entry is ~30 bytes; 40000 entries ≈ 1.2 MB
+	var sb strings.Builder
+
+	sb.WriteString("[")
+
+	for i := range 40000 {
+		if i > 0 {
+			sb.WriteString(",")
+		}
+
+		sb.WriteString(`{"key":"K` + strconv.Itoa(i) + `","value":"val"}`)
+	}
+
+	sb.WriteString("]")
+
+	r := chi.NewRouter()
+	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/env",
+		strings.NewReader(sb.String()),
+	)
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, recorder.Code,
+		"oversized body should be rejected with 400")
 }
 
 // TestDeleteLabelOwnershipVerification tests that deleting a label
 // via another app's URL path returns 404 (IDOR prevention).
-func TestDeleteLabelOwnershipVerification(t *testing.T) { //nolint:dupl // intentionally similar IDOR test pattern
+func TestDeleteLabelOwnershipVerification(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	testOwnershipVerification(t, ownedResourceTestConfig{
@@ -714,41 +911,43 @@ func TestDeletePortOwnershipVerification(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotNil(t, found, "port should still exist after IDOR attempt")
 }
 
-// TestHandleEnvVarDeleteUsesCorrectRouteParam verifies that HandleEnvVarDelete
+// TestHandleEnvVarSaveEmptyClears verifies that submitting an empty JSON
-// reads the "varID" chi URL parameter (matching the route definition {varID}),
+// array deletes all existing env vars for the app.
-// not a mismatched name like "envID".
+func TestHandleEnvVarSaveEmptyClears(t *testing.T) {
-func TestHandleEnvVarDeleteUsesCorrectRouteParam(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+	createdApp := createTestApp(t, testCtx, "envvar-clear-app")
 
-	createdApp := createTestApp(t, testCtx, "envdelete-param-app")
+	// Create a pre-existing env var
+	ev := models.NewEnvVar(testCtx.database)
+	ev.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	ev.Key = "DELETE_ME"
+	ev.Value = "gone"
+	require.NoError(t, ev.Save(context.Background()))
 
-	envVar := models.NewEnvVar(testCtx.database)
+	// Submit empty JSON array
-	envVar.AppID = createdApp.ID
-	envVar.Key = "DELETE_ME"
-	envVar.Value = "gone"
-	require.NoError(t, envVar.Save(context.Background()))
-
-	// Use chi router with the real route pattern to test param name
 	r := chi.NewRouter()
-	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env-vars/{varID}/delete", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarDelete())
+	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
 
 	request := httptest.NewRequest(
 		http.MethodPost,
-		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/env-vars/"+strconv.FormatInt(envVar.ID, 10)+"/delete",
+		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/env",
-		nil,
+		strings.NewReader("[]"),
 	)
-	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	r.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
 
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusSeeOther, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
 
-	// Verify the env var was actually deleted
+	// Verify all env vars are gone
-	found, findErr := models.FindEnvVar(context.Background(), testCtx.database, envVar.ID)
+	envVars, err := models.FindEnvVarsByAppID(
-	require.NoError(t, findErr)
+		context.Background(), testCtx.database, createdApp.ID,
-	assert.Nil(t, found, "env var should be deleted when using correct route param")
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, envVars, "all env vars should be deleted")
 }
 
 // TestHandleVolumeAddValidatesPaths verifies that HandleVolumeAdd validates

internal/handlers/webhook_events.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/templates"
+)
+
+// webhookEventsLimit is the number of webhook events to show in history.
+const webhookEventsLimit = 100
+
+// HandleAppWebhookEvents returns the webhook event history handler.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleAppWebhookEvents() http.HandlerFunc {
+	tmpl := templates.GetParsed()
+
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
+
+		application, findErr := models.FindApp(request.Context(), h.db, appID)
+		if findErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to find app", "error", findErr)
+			http.Error(writer, "Internal Server Error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if application == nil {
+			http.NotFound(writer, request)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		events, eventsErr := application.GetWebhookEvents(
+			request.Context(),
+			webhookEventsLimit,
+		)
+		if eventsErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to get webhook events",
+				"error", eventsErr,
+				"app", appID,
+			)
+
+			events = []*models.WebhookEvent{}
+		}
+
+		data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
+			"App":    application,
+			"Events": events,
+		}, request)
+
+		h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "webhook_events.html", data)
+	}
+}

internal/models/env_var.go

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-//nolint:dupl // Active Record pattern - similar structure to label.go is intentional
 package models
 
 import (
@@ -129,13 +128,48 @@ func FindEnvVarsByAppID(
 	return envVars, rows.Err()
 }
 
-// DeleteEnvVarsByAppID deletes all env vars for an app.
+// EnvVarPair is a key-value pair for bulk env var operations.
-func DeleteEnvVarsByAppID(
+type EnvVarPair struct {
+	Key   string
+	Value string
+}
+
+// ReplaceEnvVarsByAppID atomically replaces all env vars for an app
+// within a single database transaction. It deletes all existing env
+// vars and inserts the provided pairs. If any operation fails, the
+// entire transaction is rolled back.
+func ReplaceEnvVarsByAppID(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	db *database.Database,
 	appID string,
+	pairs []EnvVarPair,
 ) error {
-	_, err := db.Exec(ctx, "DELETE FROM app_env_vars WHERE app_id = ?", appID)
+	tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
-
+	if err != nil {
-	return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("beginning transaction: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	defer func() { _ = tx.Rollback() }()
+
+	_, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx, "DELETE FROM app_env_vars WHERE app_id = ?", appID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("deleting env vars: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range pairs {
+		_, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx,
+			"INSERT INTO app_env_vars (app_id, key, value) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+			appID, p.Key, p.Value,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("inserting env var %q: %w", p.Key, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = tx.Commit()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("committing transaction: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }

internal/models/label.go

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-//nolint:dupl // Active Record pattern - similar structure to env_var.go is intentional
 package models
 
 import (

internal/models/webhook_event.go

@@ -52,6 +52,20 @@ func (w *WebhookEvent) Reload(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return w.scan(row)
 }
 
+// ShortCommit returns a truncated commit SHA for display.
+func (w *WebhookEvent) ShortCommit() string {
+	if !w.CommitSHA.Valid {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	sha := w.CommitSHA.String
+	if len(sha) > shortCommitLength {
+		return sha[:shortCommitLength]
+	}
+
+	return sha
+}
+
 func (w *WebhookEvent) insert(ctx context.Context) error {
 	query := `
 		INSERT INTO webhook_events (

internal/server/routes.go

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/deploy", s.handlers.HandleAppDeploy())
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/deployments/cancel", s.handlers.HandleCancelDeploy())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments", s.handlers.HandleAppDeployments())
+			r.Get("/apps/{id}/webhooks", s.handlers.HandleAppWebhookEvents())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments/{deploymentID}/logs", s.handlers.HandleDeploymentLogsAPI())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments/{deploymentID}/download", s.handlers.HandleDeploymentLogDownload())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/logs", s.handlers.HandleAppLogs())
@@ -81,10 +82,8 @@ func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/stop", s.handlers.HandleAppStop())
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/start", s.handlers.HandleAppStart())
 
-			// Environment variables
+			// Environment variables (monolithic bulk save)
-			r.Post("/apps/{id}/env-vars", s.handlers.HandleEnvVarAdd())
+			r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", s.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
-			r.Post("/apps/{id}/env-vars/{varID}/edit", s.handlers.HandleEnvVarEdit())
-			r.Post("/apps/{id}/env-vars/{varID}/delete", s.handlers.HandleEnvVarDelete())
 
 			// Labels
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/labels", s.handlers.HandleLabelAdd())

static/js/app-detail.js

@@ -6,6 +6,103 @@
  */
 
 document.addEventListener("alpine:init", () => {
+    // ============================================
+    // Environment Variable Editor Component
+    // ============================================
+    Alpine.data("envVarEditor", (appId) => ({
+        vars: [],
+        editIdx: -1,
+        editKey: "",
+        editVal: "",
+        appId: appId,
+
+        init() {
+            this.vars = Array.from(this.$el.querySelectorAll(".env-init")).map(
+                (span) => ({
+                    key: span.dataset.key,
+                    value: span.dataset.value,
+                }),
+            );
+        },
+
+        startEdit(i) {
+            this.editIdx = i;
+            this.editKey = this.vars[i].key;
+            this.editVal = this.vars[i].value;
+        },
+
+        saveEdit(i) {
+            this.vars[i] = { key: this.editKey, value: this.editVal };
+            this.editIdx = -1;
+            this.submitAll();
+        },
+
+        removeVar(i) {
+            if (!window.confirm("Delete this environment variable?")) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            this.vars.splice(i, 1);
+            this.submitAll();
+        },
+
+        addVar(keyEl, valEl) {
+            const k = keyEl.value.trim();
+            const v = valEl.value.trim();
+
+            if (!k) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            this.vars.push({ key: k, value: v });
+            this.submitAll();
+        },
+
+        submitAll() {
+            const csrfInput = this.$el.querySelector(
+                'input[name="gorilla.csrf.Token"]',
+            );
+            const csrfToken = csrfInput ? csrfInput.value : "";
+
+            fetch("/apps/" + this.appId + "/env", {
+                method: "POST",
+                headers: {
+                    "Content-Type": "application/json",
+                    "X-CSRF-Token": csrfToken,
+                },
+                body: JSON.stringify(
+                    this.vars.map((e) => ({ key: e.key, value: e.value })),
+                ),
+            })
+                .then((res) => {
+                    if (res.ok) {
+                        window.location.reload();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    res.json()
+                        .then((data) => {
+                            window.alert(
+                                data.error ||
+                                    "Failed to save environment variables.",
+                            );
+                        })
+                        .catch(() => {
+                            window.alert(
+                                "Failed to save environment variables.",
+                            );
+                        });
+                })
+                .catch(() => {
+                    window.alert(
+                        "Network error: could not save environment variables.",
+                    );
+                });
+        },
+    }));
+
+    // ============================================
+    // App Detail Page Component
+    // ============================================
     Alpine.data("appDetail", (config) => ({
         appId: config.appId,
         currentDeploymentId: config.initialDeploymentId,

templates/app_detail.html

@@ -77,7 +77,10 @@
 
     <!-- Webhook URL -->
     <div class="card p-6 mb-6">
-        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Webhook URL</h2>
+        <div class="flex items-center justify-between mb-4">
+            <h2 class="section-title">Webhook URL</h2>
+            <a href="/apps/{{.App.ID}}/webhooks" class="text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-800 text-sm">Event History</a>
+        </div>
         <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-3">Add this URL as a push webhook in your Gitea repository:</p>
         <div class="copy-field" x-data="copyButton('webhook-url')">
             <code id="webhook-url" class="copy-field-value text-xs">{{.WebhookURL}}</code>
@@ -98,9 +101,10 @@
     </div>
 
     <!-- Environment Variables -->
-    <div class="card p-6 mb-6">
+    <div class="card p-6 mb-6" x-data="envVarEditor('{{.App.ID}}')">
         <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Environment Variables</h2>
-        {{if .EnvVars}}
+        {{range .EnvVars}}<span class="env-init hidden" data-key="{{.Key}}" data-value="{{.Value}}"></span>{{end}}
+        <template x-if="vars.length > 0">
         <div class="overflow-x-auto mb-4">
             <table class="table">
                 <thead class="table-header">
@@ -111,47 +115,43 @@
                     </tr>
                 </thead>
                 <tbody class="table-body">
-                    {{range .EnvVars}}
+                    <template x-for="(env, idx) in vars" :key="idx">
-                    <tr x-data="{ editing: false }">
+                    <tr>
-                        <template x-if="!editing">
+                        <template x-if="editIdx !== idx">
-                            <td class="font-mono font-medium">{{.Key}}</td>
+                            <td class="font-mono font-medium" x-text="env.key"></td>
                         </template>
-                        <template x-if="!editing">
+                        <template x-if="editIdx !== idx">
-                            <td class="font-mono text-gray-500">{{.Value}}</td>
+                            <td class="font-mono text-gray-500" x-text="env.value"></td>
                         </template>
-                        <template x-if="!editing">
+                        <template x-if="editIdx !== idx">
                             <td class="text-right">
-                                <button @click="editing = true" class="text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-800 text-sm mr-2">Edit</button>
+                                <button @click="startEdit(idx)" class="text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-800 text-sm mr-2">Edit</button>
-                                <form method="POST" action="/apps/{{$.App.ID}}/env-vars/{{.ID}}/delete" class="inline" x-data="confirmAction('Delete this environment variable?')" @submit="confirm($event)">
+                                <button @click="removeVar(idx)" class="text-error-500 hover:text-error-700 text-sm">Delete</button>
-                                    {{ $.CSRFField }}
-                                    <button type="submit" class="text-error-500 hover:text-error-700 text-sm">Delete</button>
-                                </form>
                             </td>
                         </template>
-                        <template x-if="editing">
+                        <template x-if="editIdx === idx">
                             <td colspan="3">
-                                <form method="POST" action="/apps/{{$.App.ID}}/env-vars/{{.ID}}/edit" class="flex gap-2 items-center">
+                                <form @submit.prevent="saveEdit(idx)" class="flex gap-2 items-center">
-                                    {{ $.CSRFField }}
+                                    <input type="text" x-model="editKey" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm">
-                                    <input type="text" name="key" value="{{.Key}}" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm">
+                                    <input type="text" x-model="editVal" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm">
-                                    <input type="text" name="value" value="{{.Value}}" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm">
                                     <button type="submit" class="btn-primary text-sm">Save</button>
-                                    <button type="button" @click="editing = false" class="text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 text-sm">Cancel</button>
+                                    <button type="button" @click="editIdx = -1" class="text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 text-sm">Cancel</button>
                                 </form>
                                 <p class="text-xs text-amber-600 mt-1">⚠ Container restart needed after env var changes.</p>
                             </td>
                         </template>
                     </tr>
-                    {{end}}
+                    </template>
                 </tbody>
             </table>
         </div>
-        {{end}}
+        </template>
-        <form method="POST" action="/apps/{{.App.ID}}/env-vars" class="flex flex-col sm:flex-row gap-2">
+        <form @submit.prevent="addVar($refs.newKey, $refs.newVal)" class="flex flex-col sm:flex-row gap-2">
-                {{ .CSRFField }}
+            <input x-ref="newKey" type="text" placeholder="KEY" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm">
-            <input type="text" name="key" placeholder="KEY" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm">
+            <input x-ref="newVal" type="text" placeholder="value" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm">
-            <input type="text" name="value" placeholder="value" required class="input flex-1 font-mono text-sm">
             <button type="submit" class="btn-primary">Add</button>
         </form>
+        <div class="hidden">{{ .CSRFField }}</div>
     </div>
 
     <!-- Labels -->

templates/templates.go

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ func initTemplates() {
 		"app_detail.html",
 		"app_edit.html",
 		"deployments.html",
+		"webhook_events.html",
 	}
 
 	pageTemplates = make(map[string]*template.Template)

templates/webhook_events.html

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{{template "base" .}}
+
+{{define "title"}}Webhook Events - {{.App.Name}} - µPaaS{{end}}
+
+{{define "content"}}
+{{template "nav" .}}
+
+<main class="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-4 py-8">
+    <div class="mb-6">
+        <a href="/apps/{{.App.ID}}" class="text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-800 inline-flex items-center">
+            <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M15 19l-7-7 7-7"/>
+            </svg>
+            Back to {{.App.Name}}
+        </a>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="section-header">
+        <h1 class="text-2xl font-medium text-gray-900">Webhook Events</h1>
+    </div>
+
+    {{if .Events}}
+    <div class="card overflow-hidden">
+        <table class="table">
+            <thead class="table-header">
+                <tr>
+                    <th>Time</th>
+                    <th>Event</th>
+                    <th>Branch</th>
+                    <th>Commit</th>
+                    <th>Status</th>
+                </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody class="table-body">
+                {{range .Events}}
+                <tr>
+                    <td class="text-gray-500 text-sm whitespace-nowrap">
+                        <span x-data="relativeTime('{{.CreatedAt.Format `2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00`}}')" x-text="display" class="cursor-default" title="{{.CreatedAt.Format `2006-01-02 15:04:05`}}"></span>
+                    </td>
+                    <td class="text-gray-700 text-sm">{{.EventType}}</td>
+                    <td class="font-mono text-gray-500 text-sm">{{.Branch}}</td>
+                    <td class="font-mono text-gray-500 text-xs">
+                        {{if and .CommitSHA.Valid .CommitURL.Valid}}
+                        <a href="{{.CommitURL.String}}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-800">{{.ShortCommit}}</a>
+                        {{else if .CommitSHA.Valid}}
+                        {{.ShortCommit}}
+                        {{else}}
+                        <span class="text-gray-400">-</span>
+                        {{end}}
+                    </td>
+                    <td>
+                        {{if .Matched}}
+                            {{if .Processed}}
+                            <span class="badge-success">Matched</span>
+                            {{else}}
+                            <span class="badge-warning">Matched (pending)</span>
+                            {{end}}
+                        {{else}}
+                        <span class="badge-neutral">No match</span>
+                        {{end}}
+                    </td>
+                </tr>
+                {{end}}
+            </tbody>
+        </table>
+    </div>
+    {{else}}
+    <div class="card">
+        <div class="empty-state">
+            <svg class="empty-state-icon" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M13 10V3L4 14h7v7l9-11h-7z"/>
+            </svg>
+            <h3 class="empty-state-title">No webhook events yet</h3>
+            <p class="empty-state-description">Webhook events will appear here once your repository sends push notifications.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    {{end}}
+</main>
+{{end}}