Update golangci-lint to v2.12.2 with canonical config (#187)

Bumps golangci-lint from v2.10.1 to v2.12.2 everywhere it is pinned and installs the canonical `.golangci.yml`, then fixes every finding the new linter surfaces so `make check` is green.

## Version pins

- `Dockerfile` lint stage: `golangci/golangci-lint:v2.12.2` (Debian-based), tag plus digest pin
- `script/bootstrap`: `GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=2.12.2` with updated `linux-amd64`/`linux-arm64` release-archive sha256 pins

## Config

`.golangci.yml` replaced with the canonical config. Material change: the old file declared `version: "2"` but kept settings under the legacy top-level `linters-settings` key, which golangci-lint v2 ignores — so the intended thresholds (`lll` 88, `funlen` 80/50, `cyclop` 15, `dupl` 100) were not being applied. The canonical file moves them under `linters.settings` and drops `issues.exclude-use-default`.

## Lint fixes (216 findings)

- `lll` (96): wrapped lines to the 88-column limit
- `noctx` (46): `httptest.NewRequestWithContext` with `t.Context()` throughout the tests
- `goconst` (24): shared constants for template/JSON keys in `internal/handlers` and repeated test literals
- `gosec` (23): app-page redirects now go through a `redirectToApp` helper that path-escapes the app ID (G710 open redirect); `http.ServeFile` of the internally derived deployment log path annotated like the adjacent `os.Stat` (G703)
- `dupl` (22): extracted a generic `findAllByAppID` in `internal/models`, a `deleteAppResource` helper in `internal/handlers`, a shared `parsePush` in `internal/service/webhook`, and table-driven/helper-based dedup in tests
- `nolintlint` (5): removed `//nolint:funlen` directives made obsolete by the new limits (plus one more that became obsolete after refactoring)
- `nilerr` (3, surfaced during fixing): resource-delete lookups now propagate the find error to the caller

No behavior changes intended; all tests pass and `make check` is green.

Note: golangci-lint v2.12 warns that `gomodguard` is deprecated in favor of `gomodguard_v2` — a future canonical-config update should address this centrally.
Co-authored-by: sneak <sneak@sneak.berlin>
Reviewed-on: #187
Co-authored-by: clawbot <clawbot@noreply.example.org>
Co-committed-by: clawbot <clawbot@noreply.example.org>

internal/config/config.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	Port            int
 	Debug           bool
 	DataDir         string
-	HostDataDir     string // Host path for DataDir (for Docker bind mounts when running in container)
+	HostDataDir     string // Host path for DataDir (Docker bind mounts in container)
 	DockerHost      string
 	SentryDSN       string
 	MaintenanceMode bool

internal/database/database.go

@@ -178,7 +178,8 @@ func HashWebhookSecret(secret string) string {
 
 func (d *Database) backfillWebhookSecretHashes(ctx context.Context) error {
 	rows, err := d.database.QueryContext(ctx,
-		"SELECT id, webhook_secret FROM apps WHERE webhook_secret_hash = '' AND webhook_secret != ''")
+		"SELECT id, webhook_secret FROM apps"+
+			" WHERE webhook_secret_hash = '' AND webhook_secret != ''")
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("querying apps for backfill: %w", err)
 	}

internal/database/migrations.go

@@ -32,7 +32,10 @@ var ErrInvalidMigrationFilename = errors.New("invalid migration filename")
 func ParseMigrationVersion(filename string) (int, error) {
 	name := strings.TrimSuffix(filename, ".sql")
 	if name == "" || name == filename {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: %q has no .sql extension or is empty", ErrInvalidMigrationFilename, filename)
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf(
+			"%w: %q has no .sql extension or is empty",
+			ErrInvalidMigrationFilename, filename,
+		)
 	}
 
 	// Split on underscore to separate version from description.
@@ -40,7 +43,10 @@ func ParseMigrationVersion(filename string) (int, error) {
 	versionStr, _, _ := strings.Cut(name, "_")
 
 	if versionStr == "" {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: %q has empty version prefix", ErrInvalidMigrationFilename, filename)
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf(
+			"%w: %q has empty version prefix",
+			ErrInvalidMigrationFilename, filename,
+		)
 	}
 
 	// Validate the version is purely numeric.
@@ -177,7 +183,12 @@ func ApplyMigrations(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB, log *slog.Logger) error {
 
 // applyMigrationTx reads and executes a migration file within a transaction,
 // recording the version in schema_migrations on success.
-func applyMigrationTx(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB, filename string, version int) error {
+func applyMigrationTx(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	db *sql.DB,
+	filename string,
+	version int,
+) error {
 	content, err := migrationsFS.ReadFile("migrations/" + filename)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read migration %s: %w", filename, err)

internal/docker/client.go

@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ const stopTimeoutSeconds = 10
 
 // gitImage is the Docker image used for git operations.
 // alpine/git v2.47.2 - pulled 2025-12-30
-const gitImage = "alpine/git@sha256:d86f367afb53d022acc4377741e7334bc20add161bb10234272b91b459b4b7d8"
+const gitImage = "alpine/git@sha256:" +
+	"d86f367afb53d022acc4377741e7334bc20add161bb10234272b91b459b4b7d8"
 
 // ErrNotConnected is returned when Docker client is not connected.
 var ErrNotConnected = errors.New("docker client not connected")
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ type CreateContainerOptions struct {
 	Volumes     []VolumeMount
 	Ports       []PortMapping
 	Network     string
-	CPULimit    float64 // CPU cores (e.g. 0.5 = half a core, 2.0 = two cores). 0 means unlimited.
+	CPULimit    float64 // CPU cores (0.5 = half a core). 0 means unlimited.
 	MemoryLimit int64   // Memory in bytes. 0 means unlimited.
 }
 
@@ -303,7 +304,11 @@ func (c *Client) StopContainer(ctx context.Context, containerID ContainerID) err
 
 	timeout := stopTimeoutSeconds
 
-	err := c.docker.ContainerStop(ctx, containerID.String(), container.StopOptions{Timeout: &timeout})
+	err := c.docker.ContainerStop(
+		ctx,
+		containerID.String(),
+		container.StopOptions{Timeout: &timeout},
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to stop container: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -323,7 +328,11 @@ func (c *Client) RemoveContainer(
 
 	c.log.Info("removing container", "id", containerID, "force", force)
 
-	err := c.docker.ContainerRemove(ctx, containerID.String(), container.RemoveOptions{Force: force})
+	err := c.docker.ContainerRemove(
+		ctx,
+		containerID.String(),
+		container.RemoveOptions{Force: force},
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove container: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -469,7 +478,8 @@ type CloneResult struct {
 	CommitSHA string // The HEAD commit SHA after clone/checkout
 }
 
-// CloneRepo clones a git repository using SSH and optionally checks out a specific commit.
+// CloneRepo clones a git repository using SSH and optionally checks out a
+// specific commit.
 // containerDir is the path inside the upaas container (for writing files).
 // hostDir is the corresponding path on the Docker host (for bind mounts).
 // If commitSHA is provided, that specific commit will be checked out.
@@ -584,11 +594,13 @@ func (c *Client) performBuild(
 // scannerInitialBufferSize is the initial buffer size for the build log scanner.
 const scannerInitialBufferSize = 64 * 1024 // 64KB
 
-// scannerMaxBufferSize is the max buffer size for build log lines (base64 layers can be large).
+// scannerMaxBufferSize is the max buffer size for build log lines
+// (base64 layers can be large).
 const scannerMaxBufferSize = 1024 * 1024 // 1MB
 
-// streamBuildOutput reads Docker build output line by line and writes to stdout and optional log writer.
-// Docker sends newline-delimited JSON, so reading line by line ensures each log entry is written immediately.
+// streamBuildOutput reads Docker build output line by line and writes to
+// stdout and optional log writer. Docker sends newline-delimited JSON, so
+// reading line by line ensures each log entry is written immediately.
 func (c *Client) streamBuildOutput(body io.Reader, logWriter io.Writer) error {
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(body)
 	buf := make([]byte, 0, scannerInitialBufferSize)
@@ -616,7 +628,10 @@ func (c *Client) streamBuildOutput(body io.Reader, logWriter io.Writer) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c *Client) performClone(ctx context.Context, cfg *cloneConfig) (*CloneResult, error) {
+func (c *Client) performClone(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	cfg *cloneConfig,
+) (*CloneResult, error) {
 	// Create work directory for clone destination
 	err := os.MkdirAll(cfg.containerDir, workDirPermissions)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -642,7 +657,11 @@ func (c *Client) performClone(ctx context.Context, cfg *cloneConfig) (*CloneResu
 	}
 
 	defer func() {
-		_ = c.docker.ContainerRemove(ctx, gitContainerID.String(), container.RemoveOptions{Force: true})
+		_ = c.docker.ContainerRemove(
+			ctx,
+			gitContainerID.String(),
+			container.RemoveOptions{Force: true},
+		)
 	}()
 
 	return c.runGitClone(ctx, gitContainerID)
@@ -680,7 +699,8 @@ func (c *Client) createGitContainer(
 	entrypoint := []string{}
 	cmd := []string{"sh", "-c", script}
 
-	// Use host paths for Docker bind mounts (Docker runs on the host, not in our container)
+	// Use host paths for Docker bind mounts
+	// (Docker runs on the host, not in our container)
 	resp, err := c.docker.ContainerCreate(ctx,
 		&container.Config{
 			Image:      gitImage,
@@ -711,13 +731,20 @@ func (c *Client) createGitContainer(
 	return ContainerID(resp.ID), nil
 }
 
-func (c *Client) runGitClone(ctx context.Context, containerID ContainerID) (*CloneResult, error) {
+func (c *Client) runGitClone(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	containerID ContainerID,
+) (*CloneResult, error) {
 	err := c.docker.ContainerStart(ctx, containerID.String(), container.StartOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to start git container: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	statusCh, errCh := c.docker.ContainerWait(ctx, containerID.String(), container.WaitConditionNotRunning)
+	statusCh, errCh := c.docker.ContainerWait(
+		ctx,
+		containerID.String(),
+		container.WaitConditionNotRunning,
+	)
 
 	select {
 	case err := <-errCh:

internal/docker/validation_test.go

@@ -6,11 +6,14 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
+// mainBranch is the branch name used across validation tests.
+const mainBranch = "main"
+
 func TestValidBranchRegex(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	valid := []string{
-		"main",
+		mainBranch,
 		"develop",
 		"feature/my-feature",
 		"release-1.0",
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ func TestValidCommitSHARegex(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestCloneRepoRejectsInjection(t *testing.T) { //nolint:funlen // table-driven test
+func TestCloneRepoRejectsInjection(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	c := &Client{
@@ -100,25 +103,25 @@ func TestCloneRepoRejectsInjection(t *testing.T) { //nolint:funlen // table-driv
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "injection in commitSHA",
-			branch:    "main",
+			branch:    mainBranch,
 			commitSHA: "not-a-sha; rm -rf /",
 			wantErr:   ErrInvalidCommitSHA,
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "short SHA rejected",
-			branch:    "main",
+			branch:    mainBranch,
 			commitSHA: "abc123",
 			wantErr:   ErrInvalidCommitSHA,
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "valid inputs pass validation (hit NotConnected)",
-			branch:    "main",
+			branch:    mainBranch,
 			commitSHA: "abc123def456789012345678901234567890abcd",
 			wantErr:   ErrNotConnected,
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "valid branch no SHA passes validation (hit NotConnected)",
-			branch:  "main",
+			branch:  mainBranch,
 			wantErr: ErrNotConnected,
 		},
 	}

internal/handlers/api.go

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAPILoginPOST() http.HandlerFunc {
 		decodeErr := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&req)
 		if decodeErr != nil {
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "invalid JSON body"},
+				map[string]string{jsonKeyError: "invalid JSON body"},
 				http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAPILoginPOST() http.HandlerFunc {
 
 		if username == "" || credential == "" {
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "username and password are required"},
+				map[string]string{jsonKeyError: "username and password are required"},
 				http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAPILoginPOST() http.HandlerFunc {
 		user, authErr := h.auth.Authenticate(request.Context(), username, credential)
 		if authErr != nil {
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "invalid credentials"},
+				map[string]string{jsonKeyError: "invalid credentials"},
 				http.StatusUnauthorized)
 
 			return
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAPILoginPOST() http.HandlerFunc {
 		if sessionErr != nil {
 			h.log.Error("api: failed to create session", "error", sessionErr)
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "failed to create session"},
+				map[string]string{jsonKeyError: "failed to create session"},
 				http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 			return
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIListApps() http.HandlerFunc {
 		apps, err := h.appService.ListApps(request.Context())
 		if err != nil {
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "failed to list apps"},
+				map[string]string{jsonKeyError: "failed to list apps"},
 				http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 			return
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIGetApp() http.HandlerFunc {
 		application, err := h.appService.GetApp(request.Context(), appID)
 		if err != nil {
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "internal server error"},
+				map[string]string{jsonKeyError: "internal server error"},
 				http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 			return
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIGetApp() http.HandlerFunc {
 
 		if application == nil {
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "app not found"},
+				map[string]string{jsonKeyError: "app not found"},
 				http.StatusNotFound)
 
 			return
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIListDeployments() http.HandlerFunc {
 		application, err := h.appService.GetApp(request.Context(), appID)
 		if err != nil || application == nil {
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "app not found"},
+				map[string]string{jsonKeyError: "app not found"},
 				http.StatusNotFound)
 
 			return
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIListDeployments() http.HandlerFunc {
 		)
 		if deployErr != nil {
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "failed to list deployments"},
+				map[string]string{jsonKeyError: "failed to list deployments"},
 				http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 			return
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIWhoAmI() http.HandlerFunc {
 		user, err := h.auth.GetCurrentUser(request.Context(), request)
 		if err != nil || user == nil {
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
-				map[string]string{"error": "unauthorized"},
+				map[string]string{jsonKeyError: "unauthorized"},
 				http.StatusUnauthorized)
 
 			return

internal/handlers/api_test.go

@@ -47,7 +47,12 @@ func setupAPITest(t *testing.T) (*testContext, []*http.Cookie) {
 	r := apiRouter(tc)
 
 	loginBody := `{"username":"admin","password":"password123"}`
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/login", strings.NewReader(loginBody))
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/api/v1/login",
+		strings.NewReader(loginBody),
+	)
 	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 
 	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ func apiGet(
 ) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, path, nil)
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, path, nil)
 
 	for _, c := range cookies {
 		req.AddCookie(c)
@@ -95,7 +100,12 @@ func TestAPILoginSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	r := apiRouter(tc)
 
 	body := `{"username":"admin","password":"password123"}`
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/login", strings.NewReader(body))
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/api/v1/login",
+		strings.NewReader(body),
+	)
 	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 
 	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -122,7 +132,12 @@ func TestAPILoginInvalidCredentials(t *testing.T) {
 	r := apiRouter(tc)
 
 	body := `{"username":"admin","password":"wrong"}`
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/login", strings.NewReader(body))
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/api/v1/login",
+		strings.NewReader(body),
+	)
 	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 
 	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -139,7 +154,12 @@ func TestAPILoginMissingFields(t *testing.T) {
 	r := apiRouter(tc)
 
 	body := `{"username":"","password":""}`
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/login", strings.NewReader(body))
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/api/v1/login",
+		strings.NewReader(body),
+	)
 	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 
 	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -155,7 +175,9 @@ func TestAPIRejectsUnauthenticated(t *testing.T) {
 
 	r := apiRouter(tc)
 
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/v1/apps", nil)
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/api/v1/apps", nil,
+	)
 	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	r.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
 

internal/handlers/app.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
 
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/database"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/app"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/templates"
@@ -27,6 +29,23 @@ const (
 	deploymentsHistoryLimit = 50
 )
 
+// redirectToApp issues a SeeOther redirect to the page for the given
+// app ID, with an optional suffix such as "/deployments" or
+// "?success=updated". The ID is path-escaped so the target is always
+// a relative application URL.
+func redirectToApp(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	appID, suffix string,
+) {
+	http.Redirect(
+		writer,
+		request,
+		"/apps/"+url.PathEscape(appID)+suffix,
+		http.StatusSeeOther,
+	)
+}
+
 // HandleAppNew returns the new app form handler.
 func (h *Handlers) HandleAppNew() http.HandlerFunc {
 	tmpl := templates.GetParsed()
@@ -39,7 +58,9 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppNew() http.HandlerFunc {
 }
 
 // HandleAppCreate handles app creation.
-func (h *Handlers) HandleAppCreate() http.HandlerFunc { //nolint:funlen // validation adds necessary length
+//
+//nolint:funlen // validation adds necessary length
+func (h *Handlers) HandleAppCreate() http.HandlerFunc {
 	tmpl := templates.GetParsed()
 
 	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
@@ -160,10 +181,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppDetail() http.HandlerFunc {
 		}
 
 		webhookURL := "https://" + request.Host + "/webhook/" + application.WebhookSecret
-		deployKey := formatDeployKey(application.SSHPublicKey, application.CreatedAt, application.Name)
+		deployKey := formatDeployKey(
+			application.SSHPublicKey,
+			application.CreatedAt,
+			application.Name,
+		)
 
 		data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-			"App":              application,
+			dataKeyApp:         application,
 			"EnvVars":          envVars,
 			"Labels":           labels,
 			"Volumes":          volumes,
@@ -201,7 +226,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		}
 
 		data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-			"App": application,
+			dataKeyApp: application,
 		}, request)
 
 		h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "app_edit.html", data)
@@ -209,7 +234,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
 }
 
 // HandleAppUpdate handles app updates.
-func (h *Handlers) HandleAppUpdate() http.HandlerFunc { //nolint:funlen // validation adds necessary length
+func (h *Handlers) HandleAppUpdate() http.HandlerFunc {
 	tmpl := templates.GetParsed()
 
 	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
@@ -234,8 +259,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppUpdate() http.HandlerFunc { //nolint:funlen // valid
 		nameErr := validateAppName(newName)
 		if nameErr != nil {
 			data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-				"App":   application,
-				"Error": "Invalid app name: " + nameErr.Error(),
+				dataKeyApp:   application,
+				dataKeyError: "Invalid app name: " + nameErr.Error(),
 			}, request)
 			h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "app_edit.html", data)
 
@@ -245,8 +270,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppUpdate() http.HandlerFunc { //nolint:funlen // valid
 		repoURLErr := validateRepoURL(request.FormValue("repo_url"))
 		if repoURLErr != nil {
 			data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-				"App":   application,
-				"Error": "Invalid repository URL: " + repoURLErr.Error(),
+				dataKeyApp:   application,
+				dataKeyError: "Invalid repository URL: " + repoURLErr.Error(),
 			}, request)
 			h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "app_edit.html", data)
 
@@ -264,8 +289,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppUpdate() http.HandlerFunc { //nolint:funlen // valid
 		limitsErr := applyResourceLimits(application, request)
 		if limitsErr != "" {
 			data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-				"App":   application,
-				"Error": limitsErr,
+				dataKeyApp:   application,
+				dataKeyError: limitsErr,
 			}, request)
 			h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "app_edit.html", data)
 
@@ -277,16 +302,15 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppUpdate() http.HandlerFunc { //nolint:funlen // valid
 			h.log.Error("failed to update app", "error", saveErr)
 
 			data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-				"App":   application,
-				"Error": "Failed to update app",
+				dataKeyApp:   application,
+				dataKeyError: "Failed to update app",
 			}, request)
 			h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "app_edit.html", data)
 
 			return
 		}
 
-		redirectURL := "/apps/" + application.ID + "?success=updated"
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, redirectURL, http.StatusSeeOther)
+		redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "?success=updated")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -371,12 +395,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppDeploy() http.HandlerFunc {
 			}
 		}(deployCtx, application)
 
-		http.Redirect(
-			writer,
-			request,
-			"/apps/"+application.ID+"/deployments",
-			http.StatusSeeOther,
-		)
+		redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "/deployments")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -397,12 +416,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleCancelDeploy() http.HandlerFunc {
 			h.log.Info("deployment cancelled by user", "app", application.Name)
 		}
 
-		http.Redirect(
-			writer,
-			request,
-			"/apps/"+application.ID,
-			http.StatusSeeOther,
-		)
+		redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -421,12 +435,12 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppRollback() http.HandlerFunc {
 		rollbackErr := h.deploy.Rollback(request.Context(), application)
 		if rollbackErr != nil {
 			h.log.Error("rollback failed", "error", rollbackErr, "app", application.Name)
-			http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+application.ID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+			redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "")
 
 			return
 		}
 
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+application.ID+"?success=rolledback", http.StatusSeeOther)
+		redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "?success=rolledback")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -450,7 +464,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppDeployments() http.HandlerFunc {
 		)
 
 		data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-			"App":         application,
+			dataKeyApp:    application,
 			"Deployments": deployments,
 		}, request)
 
@@ -523,7 +537,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppLogs() http.HandlerFunc {
 			return
 		}
 
-		_, _ = writer.Write([]byte(SanitizeLogs(logs))) // #nosec G705 -- logs sanitized, Content-Type is text/plain
+		_, _ = writer.Write([]byte(SanitizeLogs(logs))) // #nosec G705 -- output sanitized
 	}
 }
 
@@ -562,8 +576,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleDeploymentLogsAPI() http.HandlerFunc {
 		}
 
 		response := map[string]any{
-			"logs":   logs,
-			"status": deployment.Status,
+			jsonKeyLogs:   logs,
+			jsonKeyStatus: deployment.Status,
 		}
 
 		_ = json.NewEncoder(writer).Encode(response)
@@ -606,7 +620,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleDeploymentLogDownload() http.HandlerFunc {
 		}
 
 		// Check if file exists — logPath is constructed internally, not from user input
-		_, err := os.Stat(logPath) // #nosec G703 -- path from internal GetLogFilePath, not user input
+		_, err := os.Stat(logPath) // #nosec G703 -- internal path, not user input
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			http.NotFound(writer, request)
 
@@ -626,7 +640,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleDeploymentLogDownload() http.HandlerFunc {
 		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
 		writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\""+filename+"\"")
 
-		http.ServeFile(writer, request, logPath)
+		http.ServeFile(writer, request, logPath) // #nosec G703 -- internal path
 	}
 }
 
@@ -650,8 +664,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleContainerLogsAPI() http.HandlerFunc {
 		containerInfo, containerErr := h.docker.FindContainerByAppID(request.Context(), appID)
 		if containerErr != nil || containerInfo == nil {
 			response := map[string]any{
-				"logs":   "No container running\n",
-				"status": "stopped",
+				jsonKeyLogs:   "No container running\n",
+				jsonKeyStatus: "stopped",
 			}
 			_ = json.NewEncoder(writer).Encode(response)
 
@@ -671,8 +685,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleContainerLogsAPI() http.HandlerFunc {
 			)
 
 			response := map[string]any{
-				"logs":   "Failed to fetch container logs\n",
-				"status": "error",
+				jsonKeyLogs:   "Failed to fetch container logs\n",
+				jsonKeyStatus: "error",
 			}
 			_ = json.NewEncoder(writer).Encode(response)
 
@@ -685,8 +699,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleContainerLogsAPI() http.HandlerFunc {
 		}
 
 		response := map[string]any{
-			"logs":   SanitizeLogs(logs),
-			"status": status,
+			jsonKeyLogs:   SanitizeLogs(logs),
+			jsonKeyStatus: status,
 		}
 
 		_ = json.NewEncoder(writer).Encode(response)
@@ -720,7 +734,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppStatusAPI() http.HandlerFunc {
 		}
 
 		response := map[string]any{
-			"status":                 string(application.Status),
+			jsonKeyStatus:            string(application.Status),
 			"latestDeploymentID":     latestDeploymentID,
 			"latestDeploymentStatus": latestDeploymentStatus,
 		}
@@ -757,7 +771,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleRecentDeploymentsAPI() http.HandlerFunc {
 		for _, d := range deployments {
 			deploymentsData = append(deploymentsData, map[string]any{
 				"id":              d.ID,
-				"status":          string(d.Status),
+				jsonKeyStatus:     string(d.Status),
 				"duration":        d.Duration(),
 				"shortCommit":     d.ShortCommit(),
 				"finishedAtISO":   d.FinishedAtISO(),
@@ -799,7 +813,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) handleContainerAction(
 
 	containerInfo, containerErr := h.docker.FindContainerByAppID(ctx, appID)
 	if containerErr != nil || containerInfo == nil {
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+		redirectToApp(writer, request, appID, "")
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -832,7 +846,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) handleContainerAction(
 			"action", action, "app", application.Name, "container", containerID)
 	}
 
-	http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+	redirectToApp(writer, request, appID, "")
 }
 
 // HandleAppRestart handles restarting an app's container.
@@ -886,7 +900,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) addKeyValueToApp(
 	value := request.FormValue("value")
 
 	if key == "" || value == "" {
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+application.ID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+		redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "")
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -896,7 +910,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) addKeyValueToApp(
 		h.log.Error("failed to add key-value pair", "error", saveErr)
 	}
 
-	http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+application.ID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+	redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "")
 }
 
 // envPairJSON represents a key-value pair in the JSON request body.
@@ -957,7 +971,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEnvVarSave() http.HandlerFunc {
 		decodeErr := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&pairs)
 		if decodeErr != nil {
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]string{
-				"error": "invalid request body",
+				jsonKeyError: "invalid request body",
 			}, http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
@@ -966,7 +980,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEnvVarSave() http.HandlerFunc {
 		modelPairs, validationErr := validateEnvPairs(pairs)
 		if validationErr != "" {
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]string{
-				"error": validationErr,
+				jsonKeyError: validationErr,
 			}, http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
@@ -978,7 +992,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEnvVarSave() http.HandlerFunc {
 		if replaceErr != nil {
 			h.log.Error("failed to replace env vars", "error", replaceErr)
 			h.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]string{
-				"error": "failed to save environment variables",
+				jsonKeyError: "failed to save environment variables",
 			}, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 			return
@@ -1006,32 +1020,77 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleLabelAdd() http.HandlerFunc {
 	}
 }
 
+// deleteAppResource handles deletion of an app-owned resource (label,
+// volume, or port) identified by an int64 URL parameter. The
+// deleteByID closure reports whether the resource was found to belong
+// to the app, and returns the deletion error if one occurred.
+func (h *Handlers) deleteAppResource(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	idParam, logName string,
+	deleteByID deleteByIDFunc,
+) {
+	appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
+	idStr := chi.URLParam(request, idParam)
+
+	id, parseErr := strconv.ParseInt(idStr, 10, 64)
+	if parseErr != nil {
+		http.NotFound(writer, request)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	found, deleteErr := deleteByID(request.Context(), appID, id)
+	if !found {
+		http.NotFound(writer, request)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	if deleteErr != nil {
+		h.log.Error("failed to delete "+logName, "error", deleteErr)
+	}
+
+	redirectToApp(writer, request, appID, "")
+}
+
+// deleteByIDFunc looks up an app-owned resource by ID and deletes it
+// when it belongs to the given app. It reports whether the resource
+// was found, and returns lookup or deletion errors.
+type deleteByIDFunc func(ctx context.Context, appID string, id int64) (bool, error)
+
+// makeDeleteByID builds a deleteByIDFunc from a model's find
+// function, its app-ID accessor, and its delete method.
+func makeDeleteByID[T any](
+	db *database.Database,
+	find func(context.Context, *database.Database, int64) (*T, error),
+	appIDOf func(*T) string,
+	del func(*T, context.Context) error,
+) deleteByIDFunc {
+	return func(ctx context.Context, appID string, id int64) (bool, error) {
+		resource, findErr := find(ctx, db, id)
+		if findErr != nil {
+			return false, findErr
+		}
+
+		if resource == nil || appIDOf(resource) != appID {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+
+		return true, del(resource, ctx)
+	}
+}
+
 // HandleLabelDelete handles deleting a label.
 func (h *Handlers) HandleLabelDelete() http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
-		labelIDStr := chi.URLParam(request, "labelID")
-
-		labelID, parseErr := strconv.ParseInt(labelIDStr, 10, 64)
-		if parseErr != nil {
-			http.NotFound(writer, request)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		label, findErr := models.FindLabel(request.Context(), h.db, labelID)
-		if findErr != nil || label == nil || label.AppID != appID {
-			http.NotFound(writer, request)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		deleteErr := label.Delete(request.Context())
-		if deleteErr != nil {
-			h.log.Error("failed to delete label", "error", deleteErr)
-		}
-
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+		h.deleteAppResource(
+			writer, request, "labelID", "label",
+			makeDeleteByID(h.db, models.FindLabel,
+				func(l *models.Label) string { return l.AppID },
+				(*models.Label).Delete,
+			),
+		)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1059,12 +1118,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleVolumeAdd() http.HandlerFunc {
 		readOnly := request.FormValue("readonly") == "1"
 
 		if hostPath == "" || containerPath == "" {
-			http.Redirect(
-				writer,
-				request,
-				"/apps/"+application.ID,
-				http.StatusSeeOther,
-			)
+			redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "")
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1072,7 +1126,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleVolumeAdd() http.HandlerFunc {
 		pathErr := validateVolumePaths(hostPath, containerPath)
 		if pathErr != nil {
 			h.log.Error("invalid volume path", "error", pathErr)
-			http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+application.ID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+			redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "")
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1088,36 +1142,20 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleVolumeAdd() http.HandlerFunc {
 			h.log.Error("failed to add volume", "error", saveErr)
 		}
 
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+application.ID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+		redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "")
 	}
 }
 
 // HandleVolumeDelete handles deleting a volume mount.
 func (h *Handlers) HandleVolumeDelete() http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
-		volumeIDStr := chi.URLParam(request, "volumeID")
-
-		volumeID, parseErr := strconv.ParseInt(volumeIDStr, 10, 64)
-		if parseErr != nil {
-			http.NotFound(writer, request)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		volume, findErr := models.FindVolume(request.Context(), h.db, volumeID)
-		if findErr != nil || volume == nil || volume.AppID != appID {
-			http.NotFound(writer, request)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		deleteErr := volume.Delete(request.Context())
-		if deleteErr != nil {
-			h.log.Error("failed to delete volume", "error", deleteErr)
-		}
-
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+		h.deleteAppResource(
+			writer, request, "volumeID", "volume",
+			makeDeleteByID(h.db, models.FindVolume,
+				func(v *models.Volume) string { return v.AppID },
+				(*models.Volume).Delete,
+			),
+		)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1145,7 +1183,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandlePortAdd() http.HandlerFunc {
 			request.FormValue("container_port"),
 		)
 		if !valid {
-			http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+application.ID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+			redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "")
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1166,7 +1204,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandlePortAdd() http.HandlerFunc {
 			h.log.Error("failed to save port", "error", saveErr)
 		}
 
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+application.ID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+		redirectToApp(writer, request, application.ID, "")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1190,29 +1228,13 @@ func parsePortValues(hostPortStr, containerPortStr string) (int, int, bool) {
 // HandlePortDelete handles deleting a port mapping.
 func (h *Handlers) HandlePortDelete() http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
-		portIDStr := chi.URLParam(request, "portID")
-
-		portID, parseErr := strconv.ParseInt(portIDStr, 10, 64)
-		if parseErr != nil {
-			http.NotFound(writer, request)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		port, findErr := models.FindPort(request.Context(), h.db, portID)
-		if findErr != nil || port == nil || port.AppID != appID {
-			http.NotFound(writer, request)
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		deleteErr := port.Delete(request.Context())
-		if deleteErr != nil {
-			h.log.Error("failed to delete port", "error", deleteErr)
-		}
-
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+		h.deleteAppResource(
+			writer, request, "portID", "port",
+			makeDeleteByID(h.db, models.FindPort,
+				func(p *models.Port) string { return p.AppID },
+				(*models.Port).Delete,
+			),
+		)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1274,7 +1296,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleLabelEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		value := request.FormValue("value")
 
 		if key == "" || value == "" {
-			http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+			redirectToApp(writer, request, appID, "")
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1287,7 +1309,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleLabelEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
 			h.log.Error("failed to update label", "error", saveErr)
 		}
 
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+		redirectToApp(writer, request, appID, "")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1323,7 +1345,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleVolumeEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		readOnly := request.FormValue("readonly") == "1"
 
 		if hostPath == "" || containerPath == "" {
-			http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+			redirectToApp(writer, request, appID, "")
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1331,7 +1353,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleVolumeEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		pathErr := validateVolumePaths(hostPath, containerPath)
 		if pathErr != nil {
 			h.log.Error("invalid volume path", "error", pathErr)
-			http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+			redirectToApp(writer, request, appID, "")
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1345,7 +1367,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleVolumeEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
 			h.log.Error("failed to update volume", "error", saveErr)
 		}
 
-		http.Redirect(writer, request, "/apps/"+appID, http.StatusSeeOther)
+		redirectToApp(writer, request, appID, "")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1389,8 +1411,9 @@ func optionalNullString(s string) sql.NullString {
 	return sql.NullString{}
 }
 
-// applyResourceLimits parses CPU and memory limit form values and applies them to the app.
-// Returns an error message string if validation fails, or empty string on success.
+// applyResourceLimits parses CPU and memory limit form values and
+// applies them to the app. Returns an error message string if
+// validation fails, or empty string on success.
 func applyResourceLimits(application *models.App, request *http.Request) string {
 	cpuLimit, cpuErr := parseOptionalFloat64(request.FormValue("cpu_limit"))
 	if cpuErr != nil {
@@ -1425,7 +1448,8 @@ func memoryUnitMultiplier(suffix byte) int64 {
 }
 
 // parseOptionalFloat64 parses an optional float64 form field.
-// Returns a valid NullFloat64 if the string is non-empty and parses to a positive number.
+// Returns a valid NullFloat64 if the string is non-empty and parses
+// to a positive number.
 // Returns an empty NullFloat64 if the string is empty.
 // Returns an error if the string is non-empty but invalid or non-positive.
 func parseOptionalFloat64(s string) (sql.NullFloat64, error) {
@@ -1447,7 +1471,8 @@ func parseOptionalFloat64(s string) (sql.NullFloat64, error) {
 }
 
 // parseOptionalMemoryBytes parses an optional memory limit string into bytes.
-// Accepts plain bytes (e.g. "536870912") or suffixed values (e.g. "512m", "1g", "256k").
+// Accepts plain bytes (e.g. "536870912") or suffixed values
+// (e.g. "512m", "1g", "256k").
 // Returns a valid NullInt64 with bytes if non-empty, empty NullInt64 if blank.
 func parseOptionalMemoryBytes(s string) (sql.NullInt64, error) {
 	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)

internal/handlers/app_name_validation_test.go

@@ -21,8 +21,16 @@ func TestValidateAppName(t *testing.T) {
 		{"empty", "", true},
 		{"single char", "a", true},
 		{"too long", "a" + string(make([]byte, 63)), true},
-		{"exactly 63 chars", "a23456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123", false},
-		{"64 chars", "a234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234", true},
+		{
+			"exactly 63 chars",
+			"a23456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123",
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"64 chars",
+			"a234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234",
+			true,
+		},
 		{"uppercase", "MyApp", true},
 		{"spaces", "my app", true},
 		{"starts with hyphen", "-myapp", true},

internal/handlers/handlers.go

@@ -22,6 +22,19 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/templates"
 )
 
+// Template data keys shared across handlers.
+const (
+	dataKeyApp   = "App"
+	dataKeyError = "Error"
+)
+
+// JSON response keys shared across handlers.
+const (
+	jsonKeyError  = "error"
+	jsonKeyLogs   = "logs"
+	jsonKeyStatus = "status"
+)
+
 // Params contains dependencies for Handlers.
 type Params struct {
 	fx.In

internal/handlers/handlers_test.go

@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/webhook"
 )
 
+const (
+	branchMain  = "main"
+	paramSecret = "secret"
+)
+
 type testContext struct {
 	handlers   *handlers.Handlers
 	database   *database.Database
@@ -193,7 +198,8 @@ func TestHandleHealthCheck(t *testing.T) {
 
 		testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
 
-		request := httptest.NewRequest(
+		request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			t.Context(),
 			http.MethodGet,
 			"/.well-known/healthcheck.json",
 			nil,
@@ -210,6 +216,26 @@ func TestHandleHealthCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+// assertPageRenders serves a GET request for path with the given
+// handler and asserts a 200 response containing want.
+func assertPageRenders(
+	t *testing.T,
+	handler http.Handler,
+	path, want string,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(), http.MethodGet, path, nil,
+	)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), want)
+}
+
 func TestHandleSetupGET(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -217,15 +243,7 @@ func TestHandleSetupGET(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 
 		testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-
-		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/setup", nil)
-		recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleSetupGET()
-		handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
-		assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "setup")
+		assertPageRenders(t, testCtx.handlers.HandleSetupGET(), "/setup", "setup")
 	})
 }
 
@@ -237,7 +255,8 @@ func createSetupFormRequest(
 	form.Set("password", password)
 	form.Set("password_confirm", confirm)
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		context.Background(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/setup",
 		strings.NewReader(form.Encode()),
@@ -314,15 +333,7 @@ func TestHandleLoginGET(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 
 		testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
-
-		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/login", nil)
-		recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleLoginGET()
-		handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
-
-		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
-		assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "login")
+		assertPageRenders(t, testCtx.handlers.HandleLoginGET(), "/login", "login")
 	})
 }
 
@@ -331,7 +342,8 @@ func createLoginFormRequest(username, password string) *http.Request {
 	form.Set("username", username)
 	form.Set("password", password)
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		context.Background(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/login",
 		strings.NewReader(form.Encode()),
@@ -395,7 +407,9 @@ func TestHandleDashboard(t *testing.T) {
 
 		testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
 
-		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+		request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+		)
 		recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 
 		handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleDashboard()
@@ -413,7 +427,9 @@ func TestHandleDashboard(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create an app so the template iterates over AppStats and hits .CSRFField
 		createTestApp(t, testCtx, "csrf-test-app")
 
-		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+		request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+		)
 		recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 
 		handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleDashboard()
@@ -433,7 +449,9 @@ func TestHandleAppNew(t *testing.T) {
 
 		testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
 
-		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/apps/new", nil)
+		request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/apps/new", nil,
+		)
 		recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 
 		handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleAppNew()
@@ -472,7 +490,7 @@ func createTestApp(
 		app.CreateAppInput{
 			Name:    name,
 			RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/" + name + ".git",
-			Branch:  "main",
+			Branch:  branchMain,
 		},
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -493,7 +511,7 @@ func TestHandleWebhookRejectsOversizedBody(t *testing.T) {
 		app.CreateAppInput{
 			Name:    "oversize-test-app",
 			RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
-			Branch:  "main",
+			Branch:  branchMain,
 		},
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, createErr)
@@ -501,14 +519,15 @@ func TestHandleWebhookRejectsOversizedBody(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a body larger than 1MB - it should be silently truncated
 	// and the webhook should still process (or fail gracefully on parse)
 	largePayload := strings.Repeat("x", 2*1024*1024) // 2MB
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/webhook/"+createdApp.WebhookSecret,
 		strings.NewReader(largePayload),
 	)
 	request = addChiURLParams(
 		request,
-		map[string]string{"secret": createdApp.WebhookSecret},
+		map[string]string{paramSecret: createdApp.WebhookSecret},
 	)
 	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	request.Header.Set("X-Gitea-Event", "push")
@@ -544,7 +563,8 @@ func testOwnershipVerification(t *testing.T, cfg ownedResourceTestConfig) {
 
 	resourceID := cfg.createFn(t, testCtx, app1)
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		cfg.deletePath(app2.ID, resourceID),
 		nil,
@@ -583,7 +603,8 @@ func TestHandleEnvVarSaveBulk(t *testing.T) {
 	r := chi.NewRouter()
 	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/env",
 		strings.NewReader(body),
@@ -625,7 +646,8 @@ func TestHandleEnvVarSaveAppNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	r := chi.NewRouter()
 	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/apps/nonexistent-id/env",
 		strings.NewReader(body),
@@ -651,7 +673,8 @@ func TestHandleEnvVarSaveEmptyKeyRejected(t *testing.T) {
 	r := chi.NewRouter()
 	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/env",
 		strings.NewReader(body),
@@ -673,12 +696,14 @@ func TestHandleEnvVarSaveDuplicateKeyRejected(t *testing.T) {
 	createdApp := createTestApp(t, testCtx, "envvar-dedup-app")
 
 	// Send two entries with the same key — should be rejected
-	body := `[{"key":"FOO","value":"first"},{"key":"BAR","value":"bar"},{"key":"FOO","value":"second"}]`
+	body := `[{"key":"FOO","value":"first"},{"key":"BAR","value":"bar"},` +
+		`{"key":"FOO","value":"second"}]`
 
 	r := chi.NewRouter()
 	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/env",
 		strings.NewReader(body),
@@ -716,7 +741,8 @@ func TestHandleEnvVarSaveCrossAppIsolation(t *testing.T) {
 	r := chi.NewRouter()
 	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/apps/"+appA.ID+"/env",
 		strings.NewReader(body),
@@ -779,7 +805,8 @@ func TestHandleEnvVarSaveBodySizeLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	r := chi.NewRouter()
 	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/env",
 		strings.NewReader(sb.String()),
@@ -848,7 +875,8 @@ func TestDeleteVolumeOwnershipVerification(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, volume.Save(context.Background()))
 
 	// Try to delete app1's volume using app2's URL path
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/apps/"+app2.ID+"/volumes/"+strconv.FormatInt(volume.ID, 10)+"/delete",
 		nil,
@@ -889,7 +917,8 @@ func TestDeletePortOwnershipVerification(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
 
 	// Try to delete app1's port using app2's URL path
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/apps/"+app2.ID+"/ports/"+strconv.FormatInt(port.ID, 10)+"/delete",
 		nil,
@@ -930,7 +959,8 @@ func TestHandleEnvVarSaveEmptyClears(t *testing.T) {
 	r := chi.NewRouter()
 	r.Post("/apps/{id}/env", testCtx.handlers.HandleEnvVarSave())
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/env",
 		strings.NewReader("[]"),
@@ -979,7 +1009,8 @@ func TestHandleVolumeAddValidatesPaths(t *testing.T) {
 			form.Set("host_path", tt.hostPath)
 			form.Set("container_path", tt.containerPath)
 
-			request := httptest.NewRequest(
+			request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+				t.Context(),
 				http.MethodPost,
 				"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/volumes",
 				strings.NewReader(form.Encode()),
@@ -1016,7 +1047,8 @@ func TestHandleVolumeAddValidatesPaths(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TestSetupRequiredExemptsHealthAndStaticAndAPI verifies that the SetupRequired
-// middleware allows /health, /s/*, and /api/* paths through even when setup is required.
+// middleware allows /health, /s/*, and /api/* paths through even when setup is
+// required.
 func TestSetupRequiredExemptsHealthAndStaticAndAPI(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -1032,13 +1064,21 @@ func TestSetupRequiredExemptsHealthAndStaticAndAPI(t *testing.T) {
 
 	wrapped := mw(okHandler)
 
-	exemptPaths := []string{"/health", "/s/style.css", "/s/js/app.js", "/api/v1/apps", "/api/v1/login"}
+	exemptPaths := []string{
+		"/health",
+		"/s/style.css",
+		"/s/js/app.js",
+		"/api/v1/apps",
+		"/api/v1/login",
+	}
 
 	for _, path := range exemptPaths {
 		t.Run(path, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 
-			req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, path, nil)
+			req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+				t.Context(), http.MethodGet, path, nil,
+			)
 			rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
 			wrapped.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
 
@@ -1051,7 +1091,9 @@ func TestSetupRequiredExemptsHealthAndStaticAndAPI(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("non-exempt redirects", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+		req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+		)
 		rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
 		wrapped.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
 
@@ -1067,7 +1109,8 @@ func TestHandleCancelDeployRedirects(t *testing.T) {
 
 	createdApp := createTestApp(t, testCtx, "cancel-deploy-app")
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/deployments/cancel",
 		nil,
@@ -1087,7 +1130,8 @@ func TestHandleCancelDeployReturns404ForUnknownApp(t *testing.T) {
 
 	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		"/apps/nonexistent/deployments/cancel",
 		nil,
@@ -1108,12 +1152,16 @@ func TestHandleWebhookReturns404ForUnknownSecret(t *testing.T) {
 
 	webhookURL := "/webhook/unknown-secret"
 	payload := `{"ref": "refs/heads/main"}`
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		webhookURL,
 		strings.NewReader(payload),
 	)
-	request = addChiURLParams(request, map[string]string{"secret": "unknown-secret"})
+	request = addChiURLParams(
+		request,
+		map[string]string{paramSecret: "unknown-secret"},
+	)
 	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	request.Header.Set("X-Gitea-Event", "push")
 
@@ -1136,21 +1184,22 @@ func TestHandleWebhookProcessesValidWebhook(t *testing.T) {
 		app.CreateAppInput{
 			Name:    "webhook-test-app",
 			RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
-			Branch:  "main",
+			Branch:  branchMain,
 		},
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, createErr)
 
 	payload := `{"ref": "refs/heads/main", "after": "abc123"}`
 	webhookURL := "/webhook/" + createdApp.WebhookSecret
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(),
 		http.MethodPost,
 		webhookURL,
 		strings.NewReader(payload),
 	)
 	request = addChiURLParams(
 		request,
-		map[string]string{"secret": createdApp.WebhookSecret},
+		map[string]string{paramSecret: createdApp.WebhookSecret},
 	)
 	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	request.Header.Set("X-Gitea-Event", "push")

internal/handlers/render_template_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ func TestRenderTemplateBuffersOutput(t *testing.T) {
 	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
 
 	// The setup page is simple and has no DB dependencies
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/setup", nil)
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/setup", nil,
+	)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 
 	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleSetupGET()
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ func TestDashboardRenderTemplateBuffersOutput(t *testing.T) {
 
 	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 
 	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleDashboard()
@@ -59,7 +61,9 @@ func TestLoginRenderTemplateBuffersOutput(t *testing.T) {
 
 	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
 
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/login", nil)
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/login", nil,
+	)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 
 	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleLoginGET()

internal/handlers/repo_url_validation.go

@@ -11,13 +11,17 @@ import (
 var (
 	errRepoURLEmpty   = errors.New("repository URL must not be empty")
 	errRepoURLScheme  = errors.New("file:// URLs are not allowed for security reasons")
-	errRepoURLInvalid = errors.New("repository URL must use https://, http://, ssh://, git://, or git@host:path format")
-	errRepoURLNoHost  = errors.New("repository URL must include a host")
-	errRepoURLNoPath  = errors.New("repository URL must include a path")
+	errRepoURLInvalid = errors.New(
+		"repository URL must use https://, http://, ssh://, git://, " +
+			"or git@host:path format",
+	)
+	errRepoURLNoHost = errors.New("repository URL must include a host")
+	errRepoURLNoPath = errors.New("repository URL must include a path")
 )
 
-// scpLikeRepoRe matches SCP-like git URLs: git@host:path (e.g. git@github.com:user/repo.git).
-// Only the "git" user is allowed, as that is the standard for SSH deploy keys.
+// scpLikeRepoRe matches SCP-like git URLs: git@host:path
+// (e.g. git@github.com:user/repo.git). Only the "git" user is allowed,
+// as that is the standard for SSH deploy keys.
 var scpLikeRepoRe = regexp.MustCompile(`^git@[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+:.+$`)
 
 // allowedRepoSchemes lists the URL schemes accepted for repository URLs.
@@ -30,7 +34,8 @@ var allowedRepoSchemes = map[string]bool{
 	"git":   true,
 }
 
-// validateRepoURL checks that the given repository URL is valid and uses an allowed scheme.
+// validateRepoURL checks that the given repository URL is valid and
+// uses an allowed scheme.
 func validateRepoURL(repoURL string) error {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(repoURL) == "" {
 		return errRepoURLEmpty

internal/handlers/repo_url_validation_test.go

@@ -22,7 +22,11 @@ func TestValidateRepoURL(t *testing.T) {
 		{name: "SCP-like URL", url: "git@github.com:user/repo.git", wantErr: false},
 		{name: "SCP-like with dots", url: "git@git.example.com:org/repo.git", wantErr: false},
 		{name: "https without .git", url: "https://github.com/user/repo", wantErr: false},
-		{name: "https with port", url: "https://git.example.com:8443/user/repo.git", wantErr: false},
+		{
+			name:    "https with port",
+			url:     "https://git.example.com:8443/user/repo.git",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
 
 		// Invalid URLs
 		{name: "empty string", url: "", wantErr: true},
@@ -37,10 +41,22 @@ func TestValidateRepoURL(t *testing.T) {
 		{name: "no path https", url: "https://github.com", wantErr: true},
 		{name: "no path https trailing slash", url: "https://github.com/", wantErr: true},
 		{name: "SCP-like non-git user", url: "root@github.com:user/repo.git", wantErr: true},
-		{name: "SCP-like arbitrary user", url: "admin@github.com:user/repo.git", wantErr: true},
+		{
+			name:    "SCP-like arbitrary user",
+			url:     "admin@github.com:user/repo.git",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
 		{name: "path traversal SCP", url: "git@github.com:../../etc/passwd", wantErr: true},
-		{name: "path traversal https", url: "https://github.com/user/../../../etc/passwd", wantErr: true},
-		{name: "path traversal in middle", url: "https://github.com/user/repo/../secret", wantErr: true},
+		{
+			name:    "path traversal https",
+			url:     "https://github.com/user/../../../etc/passwd",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "path traversal in middle",
+			url:     "https://github.com/user/repo/../secret",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {

internal/handlers/sanitize.go

@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )
 
-// ansiEscapePattern matches ANSI escape sequences (CSI, OSC, and single-character escapes).
-var ansiEscapePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`(\x1b\[[0-9;]*[a-zA-Z]|\x1b\][^\x07]*\x07|\x1b[^[\]])`)
+// ansiEscapePattern matches ANSI escape sequences (CSI, OSC, and
+// single-character escapes).
+var ansiEscapePattern = regexp.MustCompile(
+	`(\x1b\[[0-9;]*[a-zA-Z]|\x1b\][^\x07]*\x07|\x1b[^[\]])`,
+)
 
 // SanitizeLogs strips ANSI escape sequences and non-printable control characters
 // from container log output. Newlines (\n), carriage returns (\r), and tabs (\t)

internal/handlers/sanitize_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/handlers"
 )
 
-func TestSanitizeLogs(t *testing.T) { //nolint:funlen // table-driven tests
+func TestSanitizeLogs(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	tests := []struct {

internal/handlers/setup.go

@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) renderSetupError(
 	errorMsg string,
 ) {
 	data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-		"Username": username,
-		"Error":    errorMsg,
+		"Username":   username,
+		dataKeyError: errorMsg,
 	}, request)
 	h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "setup.html", data)
 }

internal/handlers/webhook_events.go

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleAppWebhookEvents() http.HandlerFunc {
 		}
 
 		data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
-			"App":    application,
-			"Events": events,
+			dataKeyApp: application,
+			"Events":   events,
 		}, request)
 
 		h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "webhook_events.html", data)

internal/middleware/cors_test.go

@@ -24,21 +24,30 @@ func newCORSTestMiddleware(corsOrigins string) *Middleware {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestCORS_NoOriginsConfigured_NoCORSHeaders(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
+// assertNoCORSHeaders runs a request with the given Origin header through
+// CORS middleware configured with corsOrigins and asserts that no
+// Access-Control-Allow-Origin header is set.
+func assertNoCORSHeaders(t *testing.T, corsOrigins, origin, msg string) {
+	t.Helper()
 
-	m := newCORSTestMiddleware("")
+	m := newCORSTestMiddleware(corsOrigins)
 	handler := m.CORS()(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 	}))
 
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
-	req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://evil.com")
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Origin", origin)
 
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
 
-	assert.Empty(t, rec.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"),
+	assert.Empty(t, rec.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"), msg)
+}
+
+func TestCORS_NoOriginsConfigured_NoCORSHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	assertNoCORSHeaders(t, "", "https://evil.com",
 		"expected no CORS headers when no origins configured")
 }
 
@@ -50,7 +59,7 @@ func TestCORS_OriginsConfigured_AllowsMatchingOrigin(t *testing.T) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 	}))
 
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
 	req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://app.example.com")
 
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -65,17 +74,6 @@ func TestCORS_OriginsConfigured_AllowsMatchingOrigin(t *testing.T) {
 func TestCORS_OriginsConfigured_RejectsNonMatchingOrigin(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	m := newCORSTestMiddleware("https://app.example.com")
-	handler := m.CORS()(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	}))
-
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
-	req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://evil.com")
-
-	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
-
-	assert.Empty(t, rec.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"),
+	assertNoCORSHeaders(t, "https://app.example.com", "https://evil.com",
 		"expected no CORS headers for non-matching origin")
 }

internal/middleware/middleware.go

@@ -370,8 +370,9 @@ func (m *Middleware) LoginRateLimit() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	}
 }
 
-// APISessionAuth returns middleware that requires session authentication for API routes.
-// Unlike SessionAuth, it returns JSON 401 responses instead of redirecting to /login.
+// APISessionAuth returns middleware that requires session authentication
+// for API routes. Unlike SessionAuth, it returns JSON 401 responses instead
+// of redirecting to /login.
 func (m *Middleware) APISessionAuth() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(

internal/middleware/ratelimit_test.go

@@ -30,13 +30,15 @@ func TestLoginRateLimitAllowsUpToBurst(t *testing.T) {
 
 	mw := newTestMiddleware(t)
 
-	handler := mw.LoginRateLimit()(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	}))
+	handler := mw.LoginRateLimit()(http.HandlerFunc(
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		},
+	))
 
 	// First 5 requests should succeed (burst)
 	for i := range 5 {
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
+		req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
 		req.RemoteAddr = "192.168.1.1:12345"
 		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 		handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
@@ -44,11 +46,12 @@ func TestLoginRateLimitAllowsUpToBurst(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// 6th request should be rate limited
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
 	req.RemoteAddr = "192.168.1.1:12345"
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusTooManyRequests, rec.Code, "6th request should be rate limited")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusTooManyRequests, rec.Code,
+		"6th request should be rate limited")
 }
 
 //nolint:paralleltest // mutates global loginLimiter
@@ -57,27 +60,29 @@ func TestLoginRateLimitIsolatesIPs(t *testing.T) {
 
 	mw := newTestMiddleware(t)
 
-	handler := mw.LoginRateLimit()(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	}))
+	handler := mw.LoginRateLimit()(http.HandlerFunc(
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		},
+	))
 
 	// Exhaust IP1's budget
 	for range 5 {
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
-		req.RemoteAddr = "10.0.0.1:1234"
+		req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
+		req.RemoteAddr = testProxyAddr
 		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 		handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
 	}
 
 	// IP1 should be blocked
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
-	req.RemoteAddr = "10.0.0.1:1234"
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
+	req.RemoteAddr = testProxyAddr
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusTooManyRequests, rec.Code)
 
 	// IP2 should still work
-	req2 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
+	req2 := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
 	req2.RemoteAddr = "10.0.0.2:1234"
 	rec2 := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rec2, req2)
@@ -90,25 +95,28 @@ func TestLoginRateLimitReturns429Body(t *testing.T) {
 
 	mw := newTestMiddleware(t)
 
-	handler := mw.LoginRateLimit()(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	}))
+	handler := mw.LoginRateLimit()(http.HandlerFunc(
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		},
+	))
 
 	// Exhaust burst
 	for range 5 {
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
+		req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
 		req.RemoteAddr = "172.16.0.1:5555"
 		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 		handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
 	}
 
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/login", nil)
 	req.RemoteAddr = "172.16.0.1:5555"
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusTooManyRequests, rec.Code)
 	assert.Contains(t, rec.Body.String(), "Too Many Requests")
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, rec.Header().Get("Retry-After"), "should include Retry-After header")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, rec.Header().Get("Retry-After"),
+		"should include Retry-After header")
 }
 
 func TestIPLimiterEvictsStaleEntries(t *testing.T) {

internal/middleware/realip_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,16 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
+// Shared test addresses (also used by ratelimit_test.go).
+const (
+	testProxyAddr   = "10.0.0.1:1234"
+	testRealIP      = "203.0.113.5"
+	testXFFIP       = "198.51.100.1"
+	testPrivateIP   = "192.168.1.1"
+	testPublicIP    = "93.184.216.34"
+	testPublicDNSIP = "8.8.8.8"
+)
+
 func TestRealIP(t *testing.T) { //nolint:funlen // table-driven test
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -20,63 +30,63 @@ func TestRealIP(t *testing.T) { //nolint:funlen // table-driven test
 		// === Trusted proxy (RFC1918 / loopback) — headers ARE honoured ===
 		{
 			name:       "trusted: X-Real-IP from 10.x",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:1234",
-			xRealIP:    "203.0.113.5",
+			remoteAddr: testProxyAddr,
+			xRealIP:    testRealIP,
 			xff:        "198.51.100.1, 10.0.0.1",
-			want:       "203.0.113.5",
+			want:       testRealIP,
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "trusted: XFF from 10.x when no X-Real-IP",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:1234",
+			remoteAddr: testProxyAddr,
 			xff:        "198.51.100.1, 10.0.0.1",
-			want:       "198.51.100.1",
+			want:       testXFFIP,
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "trusted: XFF single IP from 10.x",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:1234",
+			remoteAddr: testProxyAddr,
 			xff:        "203.0.113.10",
 			want:       "203.0.113.10",
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "trusted: falls back to RemoteAddr (192.168.x)",
 			remoteAddr: "192.168.1.1:5678",
-			want:       "192.168.1.1",
+			want:       testPrivateIP,
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "trusted: RemoteAddr without port",
-			remoteAddr: "192.168.1.1",
-			want:       "192.168.1.1",
+			remoteAddr: testPrivateIP,
+			want:       testPrivateIP,
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "trusted: X-Real-IP with whitespace from 10.x",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:1234",
+			remoteAddr: testProxyAddr,
 			xRealIP:    "  203.0.113.5  ",
-			want:       "203.0.113.5",
+			want:       testRealIP,
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "trusted: XFF with whitespace from 10.x",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:1234",
+			remoteAddr: testProxyAddr,
 			xff:        "  198.51.100.1 , 10.0.0.1",
-			want:       "198.51.100.1",
+			want:       testXFFIP,
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "trusted: empty X-Real-IP falls through to XFF from 10.x",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:1234",
+			remoteAddr: testProxyAddr,
 			xRealIP:    "  ",
-			xff:        "198.51.100.1",
-			want:       "198.51.100.1",
+			xff:        testXFFIP,
+			want:       testXFFIP,
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "trusted: loopback honours X-Real-IP",
 			remoteAddr: "127.0.0.1:9999",
-			xRealIP:    "93.184.216.34",
-			want:       "93.184.216.34",
+			xRealIP:    testPublicIP,
+			want:       testPublicIP,
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "trusted: 172.16.x honours XFF",
 			remoteAddr: "172.16.0.1:4321",
-			xff:        "8.8.8.8",
-			want:       "8.8.8.8",
+			xff:        testPublicDNSIP,
+			want:       testPublicDNSIP,
 		},
 
 		// === Untrusted proxy (public IP) — headers IGNORED, use RemoteAddr ===
@@ -97,17 +107,17 @@ func TestRealIP(t *testing.T) { //nolint:funlen // table-driven test
 			remoteAddr: "8.8.8.8:443",
 			xRealIP:    "1.2.3.4",
 			xff:        "5.6.7.8",
-			want:       "8.8.8.8",
+			want:       testPublicDNSIP,
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "untrusted: no headers, public RemoteAddr",
 			remoteAddr: "93.184.216.34:8080",
-			want:       "93.184.216.34",
+			want:       testPublicIP,
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "untrusted: public RemoteAddr without port",
-			remoteAddr: "93.184.216.34",
-			want:       "93.184.216.34",
+			remoteAddr: testPublicIP,
+			want:       testPublicIP,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -139,7 +149,9 @@ func TestIsTrustedProxy(t *testing.T) {
 
 	trusted := []string{"10.0.0.1", "10.255.255.255", "172.16.0.1", "172.31.255.255",
 		"192.168.0.1", "192.168.255.255", "127.0.0.1", "127.255.255.255", "::1"}
-	untrusted := []string{"8.8.8.8", "203.0.113.1", "172.32.0.1", "11.0.0.1", "2001:db8::1"}
+	untrusted := []string{
+		testPublicDNSIP, "203.0.113.1", "172.32.0.1", "11.0.0.1", "2001:db8::1",
+	}
 
 	for _, addr := range trusted {
 		ip := net.ParseIP(addr)

internal/models/env_var.go

@@ -93,6 +93,41 @@ func FindEnvVar(
 	return envVar, nil
 }
 
+// findAllByAppID loads all rows for an app, scanning each row into a
+// new model created by newFn. entity names the model in error messages.
+func findAllByAppID[T interface{ scanDest() []any }](
+	ctx context.Context,
+	db *database.Database,
+	query, appID, entity string,
+	newFn func(*database.Database) T,
+) ([]T, error) {
+	rows, err := db.Query(ctx, query, appID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("querying %s by app: %w", entity, err)
+	}
+
+	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
+
+	var items []T
+
+	for rows.Next() {
+		item := newFn(db)
+
+		scanErr := rows.Scan(item.scanDest()...)
+		if scanErr != nil {
+			return nil, scanErr
+		}
+
+		items = append(items, item)
+	}
+
+	return items, rows.Err()
+}
+
+func (e *EnvVar) scanDest() []any {
+	return []any{&e.ID, &e.AppID, &e.Key, &e.Value}
+}
+
 // FindEnvVarsByAppID finds all env vars for an app.
 func FindEnvVarsByAppID(
 	ctx context.Context,
@@ -103,29 +138,7 @@ func FindEnvVarsByAppID(
 		SELECT id, app_id, key, value FROM app_env_vars
 		WHERE app_id = ? ORDER BY key`
 
-	rows, err := db.Query(ctx, query, appID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("querying env vars by app: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
-
-	var envVars []*EnvVar
-
-	for rows.Next() {
-		envVar := NewEnvVar(db)
-
-		scanErr := rows.Scan(
-			&envVar.ID, &envVar.AppID, &envVar.Key, &envVar.Value,
-		)
-		if scanErr != nil {
-			return nil, scanErr
-		}
-
-		envVars = append(envVars, envVar)
-	}
-
-	return envVars, rows.Err()
+	return findAllByAppID(ctx, db, query, appID, "env vars", NewEnvVar)
 }
 
 // EnvVarPair is a key-value pair for bulk env var operations.

internal/models/label.go

@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@ func FindLabel(
 	return label, nil
 }
 
+func (l *Label) scanDest() []any {
+	return []any{&l.ID, &l.AppID, &l.Key, &l.Value}
+}
+
 // FindLabelsByAppID finds all labels for an app.
 func FindLabelsByAppID(
 	ctx context.Context,
@@ -103,27 +107,7 @@ func FindLabelsByAppID(
 		SELECT id, app_id, key, value FROM app_labels
 		WHERE app_id = ? ORDER BY key`
 
-	rows, err := db.Query(ctx, query, appID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("querying labels by app: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
-
-	var labels []*Label
-
-	for rows.Next() {
-		label := NewLabel(db)
-
-		scanErr := rows.Scan(&label.ID, &label.AppID, &label.Key, &label.Value)
-		if scanErr != nil {
-			return nil, scanErr
-		}
-
-		labels = append(labels, label)
-	}
-
-	return labels, rows.Err()
+	return findAllByAppID(ctx, db, query, appID, "labels", NewLabel)
 }
 
 // DeleteLabelsByAppID deletes all labels for an app.

internal/models/models_test.go

@@ -317,33 +317,54 @@ func TestAllApps(t *testing.T) {
 
 // EnvVar Tests.
 
+// testKVCreateAndFind exercises the create-and-find round trip shared
+// by key-value models (env vars, labels).
+func testKVCreateAndFind[T any](
+	t *testing.T,
+	wantKey string,
+	create func(db *database.Database, appID string) (int64, error),
+	find func(context.Context, *database.Database, string) ([]T, error),
+	keyOf func(T) string,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	testDB, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// Create app first.
+	app := createTestApp(t, testDB)
+
+	id, err := create(testDB, app.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotZero(t, id)
+
+	found, err := find(context.Background(), testDB, app.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, found, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, wantKey, keyOf(found[0]))
+}
+
+func saveTestEnvVar(db *database.Database, appID string) (int64, error) {
+	envVar := models.NewEnvVar(db)
+	envVar.AppID = appID
+	envVar.Key = "DATABASE_URL"
+	envVar.Value = "postgres://localhost/db"
+
+	err := envVar.Save(context.Background())
+
+	return envVar.ID, err
+}
+
 func TestEnvVarCRUD(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	t.Run("creates and finds env vars", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 
-		testDB, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
-		defer cleanup()
-
-		// Create app first.
-		app := createTestApp(t, testDB)
-
-		envVar := models.NewEnvVar(testDB)
-		envVar.AppID = app.ID
-		envVar.Key = "DATABASE_URL"
-		envVar.Value = "postgres://localhost/db"
-
-		err := envVar.Save(context.Background())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NotZero(t, envVar.ID)
-
-		envVars, err := models.FindEnvVarsByAppID(
-			context.Background(), testDB, app.ID,
+		testKVCreateAndFind(t, "DATABASE_URL", saveTestEnvVar,
+			models.FindEnvVarsByAppID,
+			func(e *models.EnvVar) string { return e.Key },
 		)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Len(t, envVars, 1)
-		assert.Equal(t, "DATABASE_URL", envVars[0].Key)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("deletes env var", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -375,32 +396,27 @@ func TestEnvVarCRUD(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Label Tests.
 
+func saveTestLabel(db *database.Database, appID string) (int64, error) {
+	label := models.NewLabel(db)
+	label.AppID = appID
+	label.Key = "traefik.enable"
+	label.Value = "true"
+
+	err := label.Save(context.Background())
+
+	return label.ID, err
+}
+
 func TestLabelCRUD(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	t.Run("creates and finds labels", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 
-		testDB, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
-		defer cleanup()
-
-		app := createTestApp(t, testDB)
-
-		label := models.NewLabel(testDB)
-		label.AppID = app.ID
-		label.Key = "traefik.enable"
-		label.Value = "true"
-
-		err := label.Save(context.Background())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NotZero(t, label.ID)
-
-		labels, err := models.FindLabelsByAppID(
-			context.Background(), testDB, app.ID,
+		testKVCreateAndFind(t, "traefik.enable", saveTestLabel,
+			models.FindLabelsByAppID,
+			func(l *models.Label) string { return l.Key },
 		)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Len(t, labels, 1)
-		assert.Equal(t, "traefik.enable", labels[0].Key)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -569,7 +585,9 @@ func TestDeploymentFindByAppID(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}
 
-	deployments, err := models.FindDeploymentsByAppID(context.Background(), testDB, app.ID, 3)
+	deployments, err := models.FindDeploymentsByAppID(
+		context.Background(), testDB, app.ID, 3,
+	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Len(t, deployments, 3)
 }
@@ -706,7 +724,6 @@ func TestAppGetWebhookEvents(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Cascade Delete Tests.
 
-//nolint:funlen // Test function with many assertions - acceptable for integration tests
 func TestCascadeDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -783,7 +800,8 @@ func TestCascadeDelete(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Resource Limits Tests.
 
-func TestAppResourceLimits(t *testing.T) { //nolint:funlen // integration test with multiple subtests
+//nolint:funlen // integration test with multiple subtests
+func TestAppResourceLimits(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	t.Run("saves and loads CPU limit", func(t *testing.T) {

internal/models/port.go

@@ -112,6 +112,12 @@ func FindPort(
 	return port, nil
 }
 
+func (p *Port) scanDest() []any {
+	return []any{
+		&p.ID, &p.AppID, &p.HostPort, &p.ContainerPort, &p.Protocol,
+	}
+}
+
 // FindPortsByAppID finds all ports for an app.
 func FindPortsByAppID(
 	ctx context.Context,
@@ -122,30 +128,7 @@ func FindPortsByAppID(
 		SELECT id, app_id, host_port, container_port, protocol
 		FROM app_ports WHERE app_id = ? ORDER BY host_port`
 
-	rows, err := db.Query(ctx, query, appID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("querying ports by app: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
-
-	var ports []*Port
-
-	for rows.Next() {
-		port := NewPort(db)
-
-		scanErr := rows.Scan(
-			&port.ID, &port.AppID, &port.HostPort,
-			&port.ContainerPort, &port.Protocol,
-		)
-		if scanErr != nil {
-			return nil, scanErr
-		}
-
-		ports = append(ports, port)
-	}
-
-	return ports, rows.Err()
+	return findAllByAppID(ctx, db, query, appID, "ports", NewPort)
 }
 
 // DeletePortsByAppID deletes all ports for an app.

internal/models/volume.go

@@ -103,6 +103,12 @@ func FindVolume(
 	return vol, nil
 }
 
+func (v *Volume) scanDest() []any {
+	return []any{
+		&v.ID, &v.AppID, &v.HostPath, &v.ContainerPath, &v.ReadOnly,
+	}
+}
+
 // FindVolumesByAppID finds all volumes for an app.
 func FindVolumesByAppID(
 	ctx context.Context,
@@ -113,30 +119,7 @@ func FindVolumesByAppID(
 		SELECT id, app_id, host_path, container_path, readonly
 		FROM app_volumes WHERE app_id = ? ORDER BY container_path`
 
-	rows, err := db.Query(ctx, query, appID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("querying volumes by app: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
-
-	var volumes []*Volume
-
-	for rows.Next() {
-		vol := NewVolume(db)
-
-		scanErr := rows.Scan(
-			&vol.ID, &vol.AppID, &vol.HostPath,
-			&vol.ContainerPath, &vol.ReadOnly,
-		)
-		if scanErr != nil {
-			return nil, scanErr
-		}
-
-		volumes = append(volumes, vol)
-	}
-
-	return volumes, rows.Err()
+	return findAllByAppID(ctx, db, query, appID, "volumes", NewVolume)
 }
 
 // DeleteVolumesByAppID deletes all volumes for an app.

internal/server/routes.go

@@ -71,8 +71,14 @@ func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/deployments/cancel", s.handlers.HandleCancelDeploy())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments", s.handlers.HandleAppDeployments())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/webhooks", s.handlers.HandleAppWebhookEvents())
-			r.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments/{deploymentID}/logs", s.handlers.HandleDeploymentLogsAPI())
-			r.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments/{deploymentID}/download", s.handlers.HandleDeploymentLogDownload())
+			r.Get(
+				"/apps/{id}/deployments/{deploymentID}/logs",
+				s.handlers.HandleDeploymentLogsAPI(),
+			)
+			r.Get(
+				"/apps/{id}/deployments/{deploymentID}/download",
+				s.handlers.HandleDeploymentLogDownload(),
+			)
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/logs", s.handlers.HandleAppLogs())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/container-logs", s.handlers.HandleContainerLogsAPI())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/status", s.handlers.HandleAppStatusAPI())

internal/service/app/app_test.go

@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/app"
 )
 
+// testRepoURL is the default repository URL used across tests.
+const testRepoURL = "git@example.com:user/repo.git"
+
+// giteaRepoURL is the gitea repository URL used across tests.
+const giteaRepoURL = "git@gitea.example.com:user/repo.git"
+
 func setupTestService(t *testing.T) (*app.Service, func()) {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -58,7 +64,8 @@ func setupTestService(t *testing.T) (*app.Service, func()) {
 }
 
 // deleteItemTestHelper is a generic helper for testing delete operations.
-// It creates an app, adds an item, verifies it exists, deletes it, and verifies it's gone.
+// It creates an app, adds an item, verifies it exists, deletes it, and
+// verifies it's gone.
 func deleteItemTestHelper(
 	t *testing.T,
 	appName string,
@@ -73,7 +80,7 @@ func deleteItemTestHelper(
 
 	createdApp, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
 		Name:    appName,
-		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+		RepoURL: testRepoURL,
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -92,6 +99,35 @@ func deleteItemTestHelper(
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, count)
 }
 
+// runDeleteItemTest adapts typed list/delete callbacks so delete tests for
+// different item types can share deleteItemTestHelper.
+func runDeleteItemTest[T any](
+	t *testing.T,
+	appName string,
+	addItem func(ctx context.Context, svc *app.Service, appID string) error,
+	listItems func(ctx context.Context, application *models.App) ([]T, error),
+	deleteFirst func(ctx context.Context, svc *app.Service, item T) error,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	deleteItemTestHelper(t, appName,
+		addItem,
+		func(ctx context.Context, application *models.App) (int, error) {
+			items, err := listItems(ctx, application)
+
+			return len(items), err
+		},
+		func(ctx context.Context, svc *app.Service, application *models.App) error {
+			items, err := listItems(ctx, application)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			return deleteFirst(ctx, svc, items[0])
+		},
+	)
+}
+
 func TestCreateAppWithGeneratedKeys(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -100,7 +136,7 @@ func TestCreateAppWithGeneratedKeys(t *testing.T) {
 
 	input := app.CreateAppInput{
 		Name:           "test-app",
-		RepoURL:        "git@gitea.example.com:user/repo.git",
+		RepoURL:        giteaRepoURL,
 		Branch:         "main",
 		DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
 	}
@@ -110,7 +146,7 @@ func TestCreateAppWithGeneratedKeys(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NotNil(t, createdApp)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, "test-app", createdApp.Name)
-	assert.Equal(t, "git@gitea.example.com:user/repo.git", createdApp.RepoURL)
+	assert.Equal(t, giteaRepoURL, createdApp.RepoURL)
 	assert.Equal(t, "main", createdApp.Branch)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Dockerfile", createdApp.DockerfilePath)
 	assert.NotEmpty(t, createdApp.ID)
@@ -130,7 +166,7 @@ func TestCreateAppDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 
 	input := app.CreateAppInput{
 		Name:    "test-app-defaults",
-		RepoURL: "git@gitea.example.com:user/repo.git",
+		RepoURL: giteaRepoURL,
 	}
 
 	createdApp, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), input)
@@ -148,7 +184,7 @@ func TestCreateAppOptionalFields(t *testing.T) {
 
 	input := app.CreateAppInput{
 		Name:          "test-app-full",
-		RepoURL:       "git@gitea.example.com:user/repo.git",
+		RepoURL:       giteaRepoURL,
 		Branch:        "develop",
 		DockerNetwork: "my-network",
 		NtfyTopic:     "https://ntfy.sh/my-topic",
@@ -176,7 +212,7 @@ func TestUpdateApp(testingT *testing.T) {
 
 		createdApp, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
 			Name:    "original-name",
-			RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			RepoURL: testRepoURL,
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -208,7 +244,7 @@ func TestUpdateApp(testingT *testing.T) {
 
 		createdApp, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
 			Name:         "test-clear",
-			RepoURL:      "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			RepoURL:      testRepoURL,
 			NtfyTopic:    "https://ntfy.sh/topic",
 			SlackWebhook: "https://slack.com/hook",
 		})
@@ -216,7 +252,7 @@ func TestUpdateApp(testingT *testing.T) {
 
 		err = svc.UpdateApp(context.Background(), createdApp, app.UpdateAppInput{
 			Name:    "test-clear",
-			RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			RepoURL: testRepoURL,
 			Branch:  "main",
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -240,7 +276,7 @@ func TestDeleteApp(testingT *testing.T) {
 
 		createdApp, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
 			Name:    "to-delete",
-			RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			RepoURL: testRepoURL,
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -264,7 +300,7 @@ func TestGetApp(testingT *testing.T) {
 
 		created, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
 			Name:    "findable-app",
-			RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			RepoURL: testRepoURL,
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -299,7 +335,7 @@ func TestGetAppByWebhookSecret(testingT *testing.T) {
 
 		created, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
 			Name:    "webhook-app",
-			RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			RepoURL: testRepoURL,
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -378,7 +414,7 @@ func TestEnvVarsAddAndRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
 
 	createdApp, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
 		Name:    "env-test",
-		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+		RepoURL: testRepoURL,
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -411,29 +447,33 @@ func TestEnvVarsAddAndRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "secret123", keys["API_KEY"])
 }
 
+// addDeletableEnvVar seeds the env var removed in the delete test.
+func addDeletableEnvVar(
+	ctx context.Context, svc *app.Service, appID string,
+) error {
+	return svc.AddEnvVar(ctx, appID, "TO_DELETE", "value")
+}
+
 func TestEnvVarsDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	deleteItemTestHelper(t, "env-delete-test",
-		func(ctx context.Context, svc *app.Service, appID string) error {
-			return svc.AddEnvVar(ctx, appID, "TO_DELETE", "value")
+	runDeleteItemTest(t, "env-delete-test", addDeletableEnvVar,
+		func(ctx context.Context, application *models.App) ([]*models.EnvVar, error) {
+			return application.GetEnvVars(ctx)
 		},
-		func(ctx context.Context, application *models.App) (int, error) {
-			envVars, err := application.GetEnvVars(ctx)
-
-			return len(envVars), err
-		},
-		func(ctx context.Context, svc *app.Service, application *models.App) error {
-			envVars, err := application.GetEnvVars(ctx)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			return svc.DeleteEnvVar(ctx, envVars[0].ID)
+		func(ctx context.Context, svc *app.Service, item *models.EnvVar) error {
+			return svc.DeleteEnvVar(ctx, item.ID)
 		},
 	)
 }
 
+// addDeletableLabel seeds the label removed in the delete test.
+func addDeletableLabel(
+	ctx context.Context, svc *app.Service, appID string,
+) error {
+	return svc.AddLabel(ctx, appID, "to.delete", "value")
+}
+
 func TestLabels(testingT *testing.T) {
 	testingT.Parallel()
 
@@ -445,7 +485,7 @@ func TestLabels(testingT *testing.T) {
 
 		createdApp, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
 			Name:    "label-test",
-			RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			RepoURL: testRepoURL,
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -468,22 +508,12 @@ func TestLabels(testingT *testing.T) {
 	testingT.Run("deletes label", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 
-		deleteItemTestHelper(t, "label-delete-test",
-			func(ctx context.Context, svc *app.Service, appID string) error {
-				return svc.AddLabel(ctx, appID, "to.delete", "value")
+		runDeleteItemTest(t, "label-delete-test", addDeletableLabel,
+			func(ctx context.Context, application *models.App) ([]*models.Label, error) {
+				return application.GetLabels(ctx)
 			},
-			func(ctx context.Context, application *models.App) (int, error) {
-				labels, err := application.GetLabels(ctx)
-
-				return len(labels), err
-			},
-			func(ctx context.Context, svc *app.Service, application *models.App) error {
-				labels, err := application.GetLabels(ctx)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-
-				return svc.DeleteLabel(ctx, labels[0].ID)
+			func(ctx context.Context, svc *app.Service, item *models.Label) error {
+				return svc.DeleteLabel(ctx, item.ID)
 			},
 		)
 	})
@@ -497,7 +527,7 @@ func TestVolumesAddAndRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
 
 	createdApp, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
 		Name:    "volume-test",
-		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+		RepoURL: testRepoURL,
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -547,7 +577,7 @@ func TestVolumesDelete(t *testing.T) {
 
 	createdApp, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
 		Name:    "volume-delete-test",
-		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+		RepoURL: testRepoURL,
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -583,7 +613,7 @@ func TestUpdateAppStatus(testingT *testing.T) {
 
 		createdApp, err := svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
 			Name:    "status-test",
-			RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			RepoURL: testRepoURL,
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, models.AppStatusPending, createdApp.Status)

internal/service/auth/auth_test.go

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func getSessionCookie(t *testing.T, svc *auth.Service) *http.Cookie {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
 
 	err = svc.CreateSession(recorder, request, user)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -144,7 +144,11 @@ func TestSessionCookieSecureFlag(testingT *testing.T) {
 		svc := setupAuthService(t, false)
 		cookie := getSessionCookie(t, svc)
 		require.NotNil(t, cookie, "session cookie should exist")
-		assert.True(t, cookie.Secure, "session cookie should have Secure flag in production mode")
+		assert.True(
+			t,
+			cookie.Secure,
+			"session cookie should have Secure flag in production mode",
+		)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -324,7 +328,12 @@ func TestCreateUserRaceCondition(testingT *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		assert.Equal(t, 1, successes, "exactly one goroutine should succeed")
-		assert.Equal(t, goroutines-1, failures, "all other goroutines should fail with ErrUserExists")
+		assert.Equal(
+			t,
+			goroutines-1,
+			failures,
+			"all other goroutines should fail with ErrUserExists",
+		)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -380,7 +389,9 @@ func TestDestroySessionMaxAge(testingT *testing.T) {
 		defer cleanup()
 
 		recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+		request := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+		)
 
 		err := svc.DestroySession(recorder, request)
 		require.NoError(t, err)

internal/service/deploy/deploy.go

@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ const logFilePermissions = 0o640
 // logTimestampFormat is the format for log file timestamps.
 const logTimestampFormat = "20060102T150405Z"
 
-// logFileShortSHALength is the number of characters to use for commit SHA in log filenames.
+// logFileShortSHALength is the number of characters to use for commit SHA
+// in log filenames.
 const logFileShortSHALength = 12
 
 // dockerLogMessage represents a Docker build log message.
@@ -87,7 +88,10 @@ type deploymentLogWriter struct {
 	flushCtx   context.Context //nolint:containedctx // needed for async flush goroutine
 }
 
-func newDeploymentLogWriter(ctx context.Context, deployment *models.Deployment) *deploymentLogWriter {
+func newDeploymentLogWriter(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	deployment *models.Deployment,
+) *deploymentLogWriter {
 	w := &deploymentLogWriter{
 		deployment: deployment,
 		done:       make(chan struct{}),
@@ -257,7 +261,10 @@ func (svc *Service) GetBuildDir(appName string) string {
 
 // GetLogFilePath returns the path to the log file for a deployment.
 // Returns empty string if the path cannot be determined.
-func (svc *Service) GetLogFilePath(app *models.App, deployment *models.Deployment) string {
+func (svc *Service) GetLogFilePath(
+	app *models.App,
+	deployment *models.Deployment,
+) string {
 	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
 	if err != nil {
 		hostname = "unknown"
@@ -275,7 +282,8 @@ func (svc *Service) GetLogFilePath(app *models.App, deployment *models.Deploymen
 	// Use started_at timestamp
 	timestamp := deployment.StartedAt.UTC().Format(logTimestampFormat)
 
-	// Build filename: appname_sha_timestamp.log.txt (or appname_timestamp.log.txt if no SHA)
+	// Build filename: appname_sha_timestamp.log.txt
+	// (or appname_timestamp.log.txt if no SHA)
 	var filename string
 	if sha != "" {
 		filename = fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_%s.log.txt", app.Name, sha, timestamp)
@@ -308,7 +316,8 @@ func (svc *Service) CancelDeploy(appID string) bool {
 
 // Deploy deploys an app. If cancelExisting is true (e.g. webhook-triggered),
 // any in-progress deploy for the same app will be cancelled before starting.
-// If cancelExisting is false and a deploy is in progress, ErrDeploymentInProgress is returned.
+// If cancelExisting is false and a deploy is in progress,
+// ErrDeploymentInProgress is returned.
 func (svc *Service) Deploy(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	app *models.App,
@@ -342,7 +351,8 @@ func (svc *Service) Deploy(
 	// Fetch webhook event and create deployment record
 	webhookEvent := svc.fetchWebhookEvent(deployCtx, webhookEventID)
 
-	// Use a background context for DB operations that must complete regardless of cancellation
+	// Use a background context for DB operations that must complete
+	// regardless of cancellation
 	bgCtx := context.WithoutCancel(deployCtx)
 
 	deployment, err := svc.createDeploymentRecord(bgCtx, app, webhookEventID, webhookEvent)
@@ -401,7 +411,10 @@ func (svc *Service) createRollbackDeployment(
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create rollback deployment: %w", saveErr)
 	}
 
-	_ = deployment.AppendLog(ctx, "Rolling back to previous image: "+app.PreviousImageID.String)
+	_ = deployment.AppendLog(
+		ctx,
+		"Rolling back to previous image: "+app.PreviousImageID.String,
+	)
 
 	return deployment, nil
 }
@@ -417,7 +430,11 @@ func (svc *Service) executeRollback(
 
 	svc.removeOldContainer(ctx, app, deployment)
 
-	rollbackOpts, err := svc.buildContainerOptions(ctx, app, docker.ImageID(previousImageID))
+	rollbackOpts, err := svc.buildContainerOptions(
+		ctx,
+		app,
+		docker.ImageID(previousImageID),
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		svc.failDeployment(bgCtx, app, deployment, err)
 
@@ -426,7 +443,12 @@ func (svc *Service) executeRollback(
 
 	containerID, err := svc.docker.CreateContainer(ctx, rollbackOpts)
 	if err != nil {
-		svc.failDeployment(bgCtx, app, deployment, fmt.Errorf("failed to create rollback container: %w", err))
+		svc.failDeployment(
+			bgCtx,
+			app,
+			deployment,
+			fmt.Errorf("failed to create rollback container: %w", err),
+		)
 
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create rollback container: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -436,7 +458,12 @@ func (svc *Service) executeRollback(
 
 	startErr := svc.docker.StartContainer(ctx, containerID)
 	if startErr != nil {
-		svc.failDeployment(bgCtx, app, deployment, fmt.Errorf("failed to start rollback container: %w", startErr))
+		svc.failDeployment(
+			bgCtx,
+			app,
+			deployment,
+			fmt.Errorf("failed to start rollback container: %w", startErr),
+		)
 
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to start rollback container: %w", startErr)
 	}
@@ -695,7 +722,11 @@ func (svc *Service) cleanupCancelledDeploy(
 		if removeErr != nil {
 			svc.log.Error("failed to remove image from cancelled deploy",
 				"error", removeErr, "app", app.Name, "image", imageID)
-			_ = deployment.AppendLog(ctx, "WARNING: failed to clean up image "+imageID.String()+": "+removeErr.Error())
+			_ = deployment.AppendLog(
+				ctx,
+				"WARNING: failed to clean up image "+
+					imageID.String()+": "+removeErr.Error(),
+			)
 		} else {
 			svc.log.Info("cleaned up image from cancelled deploy",
 				"app", app.Name, "image", imageID)
@@ -870,14 +901,24 @@ func (svc *Service) cloneRepository(
 
 	err := os.MkdirAll(appBuildsDir, buildsDirPermissions)
 	if err != nil {
-		svc.failDeployment(ctx, app, deployment, fmt.Errorf("failed to create builds dir: %w", err))
+		svc.failDeployment(
+			ctx,
+			app,
+			deployment,
+			fmt.Errorf("failed to create builds dir: %w", err),
+		)
 
 		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create builds dir: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	buildDir, err := os.MkdirTemp(appBuildsDir, fmt.Sprintf("%d-*", deployment.ID))
 	if err != nil {
-		svc.failDeployment(ctx, app, deployment, fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp dir: %w", err))
+		svc.failDeployment(
+			ctx,
+			app,
+			deployment,
+			fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp dir: %w", err),
+		)
 
 		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp dir: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -908,7 +949,12 @@ func (svc *Service) cloneRepository(
 	)
 	if cloneErr != nil {
 		cleanup()
-		svc.failDeployment(ctx, app, deployment, fmt.Errorf("failed to clone repo: %w", cloneErr))
+		svc.failDeployment(
+			ctx,
+			app,
+			deployment,
+			fmt.Errorf("failed to clone repo: %w", cloneErr),
+		)
 
 		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to clone repo: %w", cloneErr)
 	}

internal/service/deploy/deploy_cleanup_test.go

@@ -32,7 +32,10 @@ func TestCleanupCancelledDeploy_RemovesBuildDir(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(deployDir, 0o750))
 
 	// Create a file inside to verify full removal
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(deployDir, "work"), []byte("test"), 0o600))
+	require.NoError(
+		t,
+		os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(deployDir, "work"), []byte("test"), 0o600),
+	)
 
 	// Also create a dir for a different deployment (should NOT be removed)
 	otherDir := filepath.Join(buildDir, "99-xyz789")

internal/service/deploy/deploy_container_test.go

@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ func TestBuildContainerOptionsUsesImageID(t *testing.T) {
 
 	const expectedImageID = docker.ImageID("sha256:abc123def456")
 
-	opts, err := svc.BuildContainerOptionsExported(context.Background(), app, expectedImageID)
+	opts, err := svc.BuildContainerOptionsExported(
+		context.Background(), app, expectedImageID,
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("buildContainerOptions returned error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -77,14 +79,20 @@ func TestBuildContainerOptionsNoResourceLimits(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestBuildContainerOptionsCPULimit(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
+// buildOptsForApp saves an app configured by setup and returns the container
+// options built for it.
+func buildOptsForApp(
+	t *testing.T,
+	name string,
+	setup func(app *models.App),
+) docker.CreateContainerOptions {
+	t.Helper()
 
 	db := database.NewTestDatabase(t)
 
 	app := models.NewApp(db)
-	app.Name = "cpulimit"
-	app.CPULimit = sql.NullFloat64{Float64: 0.5, Valid: true}
+	app.Name = name
+	setup(app)
 
 	err := app.Save(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -101,6 +109,16 @@ func TestBuildContainerOptionsCPULimit(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("buildContainerOptions returned error: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	return opts
+}
+
+func TestBuildContainerOptionsCPULimit(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	opts := buildOptsForApp(t, "cpulimit", func(app *models.App) {
+		app.CPULimit = sql.NullFloat64{Float64: 0.5, Valid: true}
+	})
+
 	if opts.CPULimit != 0.5 {
 		t.Errorf("expected CPULimit=0.5, got %v", opts.CPULimit)
 	}
@@ -109,26 +127,9 @@ func TestBuildContainerOptionsCPULimit(t *testing.T) {
 func TestBuildContainerOptionsMemoryLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	db := database.NewTestDatabase(t)
-
-	app := models.NewApp(db)
-	app.Name = "memlimit"
-	app.MemoryLimit = sql.NullInt64{Int64: 536870912, Valid: true} // 512m
-
-	err := app.Save(context.Background())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save app: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	log := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stderr, nil))
-	svc := deploy.NewTestService(log)
-
-	opts, err := svc.BuildContainerOptionsExported(
-		context.Background(), app, docker.ImageID("test:latest"),
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("buildContainerOptions returned error: %v", err)
-	}
+	opts := buildOptsForApp(t, "memlimit", func(app *models.App) {
+		app.MemoryLimit = sql.NullInt64{Int64: 536870912, Valid: true} // 512m
+	})
 
 	if opts.MemoryLimit != 536870912 {
 		t.Errorf("expected MemoryLimit=536870912, got %v", opts.MemoryLimit)

internal/service/deploy/export_test.go

@@ -26,7 +26,11 @@ func (svc *Service) CancelActiveDeploy(appID string) {
 }
 
 // RegisterActiveDeploy registers an active deploy for testing.
-func (svc *Service) RegisterActiveDeploy(appID string, cancel context.CancelFunc, done chan struct{}) {
+func (svc *Service) RegisterActiveDeploy(
+	appID string,
+	cancel context.CancelFunc,
+	done chan struct{},
+) {
 	svc.activeDeploys.Store(appID, &activeDeploy{cancel: cancel, done: done})
 }
 
@@ -41,7 +45,11 @@ func (svc *Service) UnlockApp(appID string) {
 }
 
 // NewTestServiceWithConfig creates a Service with config and docker client for testing.
-func NewTestServiceWithConfig(log *slog.Logger, cfg *config.Config, dockerClient *docker.Client) *Service {
+func NewTestServiceWithConfig(
+	log *slog.Logger,
+	cfg *config.Config,
+	dockerClient *docker.Client,
+) *Service {
 	return &Service{
 		log:    log,
 		config: cfg,

internal/service/notify/notify.go

@@ -159,7 +159,8 @@ func (svc *Service) NotifyDeployFailed(
 ) {
 	duration := time.Since(deployment.StartedAt)
 	title := "Deploy failed: " + app.Name
-	message := "Deployment failed after " + formatDuration(duration) + ": " + deployErr.Error()
+	message := "Deployment failed after " + formatDuration(duration) +
+		": " + deployErr.Error()
 
 	svc.sendNotifications(ctx, app, title, message, message, "error")
 }
@@ -266,7 +267,8 @@ func (svc *Service) sendNtfy(
 	request.Header.Set("Title", title)
 	request.Header.Set("Priority", svc.ntfyPriority(priority))
 
-	resp, err := svc.client.Do(request) // #nosec G704 -- URL from validated config, not user input
+	// #nosec G704 -- URL from validated config, not user input
+	resp, err := svc.client.Do(request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to send ntfy request: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -363,7 +365,8 @@ func (svc *Service) sendSlack(
 
 	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 
-	resp, err := svc.client.Do(request) // #nosec G704 -- URL from validated config, not user input
+	// #nosec G704 -- URL from validated config, not user input
+	resp, err := svc.client.Do(request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to send slack request: %w", err)
 	}

internal/service/webhook/payloads.go

@@ -98,88 +98,77 @@ type GitLabPushPayload struct {
 func ParsePushPayload(source Source, payload []byte) (*PushEvent, error) {
 	switch source {
 	case SourceGitHub:
-		return parseGitHubPush(payload)
+		return parsePush(payload, githubPushEvent)
 	case SourceGitLab:
-		return parseGitLabPush(payload)
+		return parsePush(payload, gitlabPushEvent)
 	case SourceGitea, SourceUnknown:
 		// Gitea and unknown both use Gitea format for backward compatibility.
-		return parseGiteaPush(payload)
+		return parsePush(payload, giteaPushEvent)
 	}
 
 	// Unreachable for known source values, but satisfies exhaustive checker.
-	return parseGiteaPush(payload)
+	return parsePush(payload, giteaPushEvent)
 }
 
-func parseGiteaPush(payload []byte) (*PushEvent, error) {
-	var p GiteaPushPayload
+// parsePush unmarshals payload into P and converts it into a normalized
+// PushEvent via build.
+func parsePush[P any](payload []byte, build func(P) *PushEvent) (*PushEvent, error) {
+	var p P
 
 	unmarshalErr := json.Unmarshal(payload, &p)
 	if unmarshalErr != nil {
 		return nil, unmarshalErr
 	}
 
-	commitURL := extractGiteaCommitURL(p)
-
-	return &PushEvent{
-		Source:    SourceGitea,
-		Ref:       p.Ref,
-		Before:    p.Before,
-		After:     p.After,
-		Branch:    extractBranch(p.Ref),
-		RepoName:  p.Repository.FullName,
-		CloneURL:  p.Repository.CloneURL,
-		HTMLURL:   p.Repository.HTMLURL,
-		CommitURL: commitURL,
-		Pusher:    p.Pusher.Username,
-	}, nil
+	return build(p), nil
 }
 
-func parseGitHubPush(payload []byte) (*PushEvent, error) {
-	var p GitHubPushPayload
-
-	unmarshalErr := json.Unmarshal(payload, &p)
-	if unmarshalErr != nil {
-		return nil, unmarshalErr
-	}
-
-	commitURL := extractGitHubCommitURL(p)
-
+// basePushEvent builds a PushEvent populated with the fields shared by all
+// webhook sources.
+func basePushEvent(source Source, ref, before, after string) *PushEvent {
 	return &PushEvent{
-		Source:    SourceGitHub,
-		Ref:       p.Ref,
-		Before:    p.Before,
-		After:     p.After,
-		Branch:    extractBranch(p.Ref),
-		RepoName:  p.Repository.FullName,
-		CloneURL:  p.Repository.CloneURL,
-		HTMLURL:   p.Repository.HTMLURL,
-		CommitURL: commitURL,
-		Pusher:    p.Pusher.Name,
-	}, nil
+		Source: source,
+		Ref:    ref,
+		Before: before,
+		After:  after,
+		Branch: extractBranch(ref),
+	}
 }
 
-func parseGitLabPush(payload []byte) (*PushEvent, error) {
-	var p GitLabPushPayload
+// giteaPushEvent converts a Gitea push payload to a normalized PushEvent.
+func giteaPushEvent(p GiteaPushPayload) *PushEvent {
+	event := basePushEvent(SourceGitea, p.Ref, p.Before, p.After)
+	event.RepoName = p.Repository.FullName
+	event.CloneURL = p.Repository.CloneURL
+	event.HTMLURL = p.Repository.HTMLURL
+	event.CommitURL = extractGiteaCommitURL(p)
+	event.Pusher = p.Pusher.Username
 
-	unmarshalErr := json.Unmarshal(payload, &p)
-	if unmarshalErr != nil {
-		return nil, unmarshalErr
-	}
+	return event
+}
 
-	commitURL := extractGitLabCommitURL(p)
+// gitlabPushEvent converts a GitLab push payload to a normalized PushEvent.
+func gitlabPushEvent(p GitLabPushPayload) *PushEvent {
+	event := basePushEvent(SourceGitLab, p.Ref, p.Before, p.After)
+	event.RepoName = p.Project.PathWithNamespace
+	event.CloneURL = p.Project.GitHTTPURL
+	event.HTMLURL = p.Project.WebURL
+	event.CommitURL = extractGitLabCommitURL(p)
+	event.Pusher = p.UserName
 
-	return &PushEvent{
-		Source:    SourceGitLab,
-		Ref:       p.Ref,
-		Before:    p.Before,
-		After:     p.After,
-		Branch:    extractBranch(p.Ref),
-		RepoName:  p.Project.PathWithNamespace,
-		CloneURL:  p.Project.GitHTTPURL,
-		HTMLURL:   p.Project.WebURL,
-		CommitURL: commitURL,
-		Pusher:    p.UserName,
-	}, nil
+	return event
+}
+
+// githubPushEvent converts a GitHub push payload to a normalized PushEvent.
+func githubPushEvent(p GitHubPushPayload) *PushEvent {
+	event := basePushEvent(SourceGitHub, p.Ref, p.Before, p.After)
+	event.RepoName = p.Repository.FullName
+	event.CloneURL = p.Repository.CloneURL
+	event.HTMLURL = p.Repository.HTMLURL
+	event.CommitURL = extractGitHubCommitURL(p)
+	event.Pusher = p.Pusher.Name
+
+	return event
 }
 
 // extractBranch extracts the branch name from a git ref.

internal/service/webhook/webhook_test.go

@@ -24,6 +24,18 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/webhook"
 )
 
+const (
+	giteaEventHeader  = "X-Gitea-Event"
+	githubEventHeader = "X-GitHub-Event"
+	gitlabEventHeader = "X-Gitlab-Event"
+	gitlabPushHook    = "Push Hook"
+	pushEventType     = "push"
+	branchMain        = "main"
+	refMain           = "refs/heads/main"
+	testCommitSHA     = "abc123def456789"
+	testPusher        = "developer"
+)
+
 type testDeps struct {
 	logger *logger.Logger
 	config *config.Config
@@ -45,9 +57,14 @@ func setupTestDeps(t *testing.T) *testDeps {
 	loggerInst, err := logger.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil), logger.Params{Globals: globalsInst})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	cfg := &config.Config{Port: 8080, DataDir: tmpDir, SessionSecret: "test-secret-key-at-least-32-chars"}
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Port: 8080, DataDir: tmpDir,
+		SessionSecret: "test-secret-key-at-least-32-chars",
+	}
 
-	dbInst, err := database.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil), database.Params{Logger: loggerInst, Config: cfg})
+	dbInst, err := database.New(
+		fx.Lifecycle(nil), database.Params{Logger: loggerInst, Config: cfg},
+	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	return &testDeps{logger: loggerInst, config: cfg, db: dbInst, tmpDir: tmpDir}
@@ -58,14 +75,19 @@ func setupTestService(t *testing.T) (*webhook.Service, *database.Database, func(
 
 	deps := setupTestDeps(t)
 
-	dockerClient, err := docker.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil), docker.Params{Logger: deps.logger, Config: deps.config})
+	dockerClient, err := docker.New(
+		fx.Lifecycle(nil), docker.Params{Logger: deps.logger, Config: deps.config},
+	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	notifySvc, err := notify.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil), notify.ServiceParams{Logger: deps.logger})
+	notifySvc, err := notify.New(
+		fx.Lifecycle(nil), notify.ServiceParams{Logger: deps.logger},
+	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	deploySvc, err := deploy.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil), deploy.ServiceParams{
-		Logger: deps.logger, Config: deps.config, Database: deps.db, Docker: dockerClient, Notify: notifySvc,
+		Logger: deps.logger, Config: deps.config, Database: deps.db,
+		Docker: dockerClient, Notify: notifySvc,
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -104,8 +126,6 @@ func createTestApp(
 }
 
 // TestDetectWebhookSource tests auto-detection of webhook source from HTTP headers.
-//
-//nolint:funlen // table-driven test with comprehensive test cases
 func TestDetectWebhookSource(testingT *testing.T) {
 	testingT.Parallel()
 
@@ -116,17 +136,17 @@ func TestDetectWebhookSource(testingT *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			name:     "detects Gitea from X-Gitea-Event header",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-Gitea-Event": "push"},
+			headers:  map[string]string{giteaEventHeader: pushEventType},
 			expected: webhook.SourceGitea,
 		},
 		{
 			name:     "detects GitHub from X-GitHub-Event header",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-GitHub-Event": "push"},
+			headers:  map[string]string{githubEventHeader: pushEventType},
 			expected: webhook.SourceGitHub,
 		},
 		{
 			name:     "detects GitLab from X-Gitlab-Event header",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-Gitlab-Event": "Push Hook"},
+			headers:  map[string]string{gitlabEventHeader: gitlabPushHook},
 			expected: webhook.SourceGitLab,
 		},
 		{
@@ -142,16 +162,16 @@ func TestDetectWebhookSource(testingT *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "Gitea takes precedence over GitHub",
 			headers: map[string]string{
-				"X-Gitea-Event":  "push",
-				"X-GitHub-Event": "push",
+				giteaEventHeader:  pushEventType,
+				githubEventHeader: pushEventType,
 			},
 			expected: webhook.SourceGitea,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "GitHub takes precedence over GitLab",
 			headers: map[string]string{
-				"X-GitHub-Event": "push",
-				"X-Gitlab-Event": "Push Hook",
+				githubEventHeader: pushEventType,
+				gitlabEventHeader: gitlabPushHook,
 			},
 			expected: webhook.SourceGitHub,
 		},
@@ -184,33 +204,33 @@ func TestDetectEventType(testingT *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			name:     "extracts Gitea event type",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-Gitea-Event": "push"},
+			headers:  map[string]string{giteaEventHeader: pushEventType},
 			source:   webhook.SourceGitea,
-			expected: "push",
+			expected: pushEventType,
 		},
 		{
 			name:     "extracts GitHub event type",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-GitHub-Event": "push"},
+			headers:  map[string]string{githubEventHeader: pushEventType},
 			source:   webhook.SourceGitHub,
-			expected: "push",
+			expected: pushEventType,
 		},
 		{
 			name:     "extracts GitLab event type",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-Gitlab-Event": "Push Hook"},
+			headers:  map[string]string{gitlabEventHeader: gitlabPushHook},
 			source:   webhook.SourceGitLab,
-			expected: "Push Hook",
+			expected: gitlabPushHook,
 		},
 		{
 			name:     "returns push for unknown source",
 			headers:  map[string]string{},
 			source:   webhook.SourceUnknown,
-			expected: "push",
+			expected: pushEventType,
 		},
 		{
 			name:     "returns push when header missing for source",
 			headers:  map[string]string{},
 			source:   webhook.SourceGitea,
-			expected: "push",
+			expected: pushEventType,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -250,11 +270,54 @@ func TestUnparsedURLString(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Empty(t, empty.String())
 }
 
-// TestParsePushPayloadGitea tests parsing of Gitea push payloads.
-func TestParsePushPayloadGitea(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
+// pushEventExpectation describes the expected normalized fields of a parsed
+// push payload.
+type pushEventExpectation struct {
+	source    webhook.Source
+	ref       string
+	branch    string
+	after     string
+	repoName  string
+	cloneURL  webhook.UnparsedURL
+	htmlURL   webhook.UnparsedURL
+	commitURL webhook.UnparsedURL
+	pusher    string
+}
 
-	payload := []byte(`{
+// assertPushEvent parses payload for want.source and asserts every
+// normalized PushEvent field matches want.
+func assertPushEvent(t *testing.T, payload []byte, want pushEventExpectation) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(want.source, payload)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, want.source, event.Source)
+	assert.Equal(t, want.ref, event.Ref)
+	assert.Equal(t, want.branch, event.Branch)
+	assert.Equal(t, want.after, event.After)
+
+	assertPushEventOrigin(t, event, want)
+}
+
+// assertPushEventOrigin asserts the repository and pusher fields of event.
+func assertPushEventOrigin(
+	t *testing.T,
+	event *webhook.PushEvent,
+	want pushEventExpectation,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, want.repoName, event.RepoName)
+	assert.Equal(t, want.cloneURL, event.CloneURL)
+	assert.Equal(t, want.htmlURL, event.HTMLURL)
+	assert.Equal(t, want.commitURL, event.CommitURL)
+	assert.Equal(t, want.pusher, event.Pusher)
+}
+
+// giteaPushJSON returns a realistic Gitea push webhook payload.
+func giteaPushJSON() []byte {
+	return []byte(`{
 		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
 		"before": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
 		"after": "abc123def456789",
@@ -275,29 +338,11 @@ func TestParsePushPayloadGitea(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		]
 	}`)
-
-	event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitea, payload)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.SourceGitea, event.Source)
-	assert.Equal(t, "refs/heads/main", event.Ref)
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc123def456789", event.After)
-	assert.Equal(t, "myorg/myrepo", event.RepoName)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo.git"), event.CloneURL)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo"), event.HTMLURL)
-	assert.Equal(t,
-		webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo/commit/abc123def456789"),
-		event.CommitURL,
-	)
-	assert.Equal(t, "developer", event.Pusher)
 }
 
-// TestParsePushPayloadGitHub tests parsing of GitHub push payloads.
-func TestParsePushPayloadGitHub(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	payload := []byte(`{
+// githubPushJSON returns a realistic GitHub push webhook payload.
+func githubPushJSON() []byte {
+	return []byte(`{
 		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
 		"before": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
 		"after": "abc123def456789",
@@ -323,29 +368,11 @@ func TestParsePushPayloadGitHub(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		]
 	}`)
-
-	event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitHub, payload)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.SourceGitHub, event.Source)
-	assert.Equal(t, "refs/heads/main", event.Ref)
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc123def456789", event.After)
-	assert.Equal(t, "myorg/myrepo", event.RepoName)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/myorg/myrepo.git"), event.CloneURL)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/myorg/myrepo"), event.HTMLURL)
-	assert.Equal(t,
-		webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/myorg/myrepo/commit/abc123def456789"),
-		event.CommitURL,
-	)
-	assert.Equal(t, "developer", event.Pusher)
 }
 
-// TestParsePushPayloadGitLab tests parsing of GitLab push payloads.
-func TestParsePushPayloadGitLab(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	payload := []byte(`{
+// gitlabPushJSON returns a realistic GitLab push webhook payload.
+func gitlabPushJSON() []byte {
+	return []byte(`{
 		"ref": "refs/heads/develop",
 		"before": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
 		"after": "abc123def456789",
@@ -366,25 +393,78 @@ func TestParsePushPayloadGitLab(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		]
 	}`)
-
-	event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitLab, payload)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.SourceGitLab, event.Source)
-	assert.Equal(t, "refs/heads/develop", event.Ref)
-	assert.Equal(t, "develop", event.Branch)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc123def456789", event.After)
-	assert.Equal(t, "mygroup/myproject", event.RepoName)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject.git"), event.CloneURL)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject"), event.HTMLURL)
-	assert.Equal(t,
-		webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject/-/commit/abc123def456789"),
-		event.CommitURL,
-	)
-	assert.Equal(t, "developer", event.Pusher)
 }
 
-// TestParsePushPayloadUnknownFallsBackToGitea tests that unknown source uses Gitea parser.
+// pushPayloadJSON returns the push payload fixture for source.
+func pushPayloadJSON(t *testing.T, source webhook.Source) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	switch source {
+	case webhook.SourceGitHub:
+		return githubPushJSON()
+	case webhook.SourceGitLab:
+		return gitlabPushJSON()
+	case webhook.SourceGitea, webhook.SourceUnknown:
+		return giteaPushJSON()
+	}
+
+	t.Fatalf("no push payload fixture for source %v", source)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TestParsePushPayload tests parsing of Gitea, GitHub, and GitLab push
+// payloads into normalized PushEvents.
+func TestParsePushPayload(testingT *testing.T) {
+	testingT.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []pushEventExpectation{
+		{
+			source:    webhook.SourceGitea,
+			ref:       refMain,
+			branch:    branchMain,
+			after:     testCommitSHA,
+			repoName:  "myorg/myrepo",
+			cloneURL:  "https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo.git",
+			htmlURL:   "https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo",
+			commitURL: "https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo/commit/abc123def456789",
+			pusher:    testPusher,
+		},
+		{
+			source:    webhook.SourceGitHub,
+			ref:       refMain,
+			branch:    branchMain,
+			after:     testCommitSHA,
+			repoName:  "myorg/myrepo",
+			cloneURL:  "https://github.com/myorg/myrepo.git",
+			htmlURL:   "https://github.com/myorg/myrepo",
+			commitURL: "https://github.com/myorg/myrepo/commit/abc123def456789",
+			pusher:    testPusher,
+		},
+		{
+			source:    webhook.SourceGitLab,
+			ref:       "refs/heads/develop",
+			branch:    "develop",
+			after:     testCommitSHA,
+			repoName:  "mygroup/myproject",
+			cloneURL:  "https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject.git",
+			htmlURL:   "https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject",
+			commitURL: "https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject/-/commit/abc123def456789",
+			pusher:    testPusher,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range tests {
+		testingT.Run(testCase.source.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			assertPushEvent(t, pushPayloadJSON(t, testCase.source), testCase)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestParsePushPayloadUnknownFallsBackToGitea tests that unknown source
+// uses the Gitea parser.
 func TestParsePushPayloadUnknownFallsBackToGitea(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -399,7 +479,7 @@ func TestParsePushPayloadUnknownFallsBackToGitea(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, webhook.SourceGitea, event.Source)
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
+	assert.Equal(t, branchMain, event.Branch)
 	assert.Equal(t, "abc123", event.After)
 }
 
@@ -462,7 +542,10 @@ func TestGitHubCommitURLFallback(t *testing.T) {
 
 		event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitHub, payload)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/u/r/commit/abc123"), event.CommitURL)
+		assert.Equal(t,
+			webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/u/r/commit/abc123"),
+			event.CommitURL,
+		)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("falls back to commits list", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -477,7 +560,10 @@ func TestGitHubCommitURLFallback(t *testing.T) {
 
 		event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitHub, payload)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/u/r/commit/abc123"), event.CommitURL)
+		assert.Equal(t,
+			webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/u/r/commit/abc123"),
+			event.CommitURL,
+		)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("constructs URL from repo HTML URL", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -491,7 +577,10 @@ func TestGitHubCommitURLFallback(t *testing.T) {
 
 		event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitHub, payload)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/u/r/commit/abc123"), event.CommitURL)
+		assert.Equal(t,
+			webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/u/r/commit/abc123"),
+			event.CommitURL,
+		)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -511,7 +600,10 @@ func TestGitLabCommitURLFallback(t *testing.T) {
 
 		event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitLab, payload)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/g/p/-/commit/abc123"), event.CommitURL)
+		assert.Equal(t,
+			webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/g/p/-/commit/abc123"),
+			event.CommitURL,
+		)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("constructs URL from project web URL", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -525,7 +617,10 @@ func TestGitLabCommitURLFallback(t *testing.T) {
 
 		event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitLab, payload)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/g/p/-/commit/abc123"), event.CommitURL)
+		assert.Equal(t,
+			webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/g/p/-/commit/abc123"),
+			event.CommitURL,
+		)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -588,7 +683,8 @@ func TestGiteaPushPayloadParsing(testingT *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-// TestGitHubPushPayloadParsing tests direct deserialization of the GitHub payload struct.
+// TestGitHubPushPayloadParsing tests deserialization of the GitHub payload
+// struct.
 func TestGitHubPushPayloadParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -633,7 +729,8 @@ func TestGitHubPushPayloadParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Len(t, p.Commits, 1)
 }
 
-// TestGitLabPushPayloadParsing tests direct deserialization of the GitLab payload struct.
+// TestGitLabPushPayloadParsing tests deserialization of the GitLab payload
+// struct.
 func TestGitLabPushPayloadParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -671,9 +768,8 @@ func TestGitLabPushPayloadParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Len(t, p.Commits, 1)
 }
 
-// TestExtractBranch tests branch extraction via HandleWebhook integration (extractBranch is unexported).
-//
-//nolint:funlen // table-driven test with comprehensive test cases
+// TestExtractBranch tests branch extraction via HandleWebhook integration
+// (extractBranch is unexported).
 func TestExtractBranch(testingT *testing.T) {
 	testingT.Parallel()
 
@@ -684,8 +780,8 @@ func TestExtractBranch(testingT *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			name:     "extracts main branch",
-			ref:      "refs/heads/main",
-			expected: "main",
+			ref:      refMain,
+			expected: branchMain,
 		},
 		{
 			name:     "extracts feature branch",
@@ -699,8 +795,8 @@ func TestExtractBranch(testingT *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:     "returns raw ref if no prefix",
-			ref:      "main",
-			expected: "main",
+			ref:      branchMain,
+			expected: branchMain,
 		},
 		{
 			name:     "handles empty ref",
@@ -728,7 +824,7 @@ func TestExtractBranch(testingT *testing.T) {
 			payload := []byte(`{"ref": "` + testCase.ref + `"}`)
 
 			err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-				context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, "push", payload,
+				context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, pushEventType, payload,
 			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -750,7 +846,7 @@ func TestHandleWebhookMatchingBranch(t *testing.T) {
 	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
+	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, branchMain)
 
 	payload := []byte(`{
 		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
@@ -767,7 +863,7 @@ func TestHandleWebhookMatchingBranch(t *testing.T) {
 	}`)
 
 	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, "push", payload,
+		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, pushEventType, payload,
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -779,8 +875,8 @@ func TestHandleWebhookMatchingBranch(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, events, 1)
 
 	event := events[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, "push", event.EventType)
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
+	assert.Equal(t, pushEventType, event.EventType)
+	assert.Equal(t, branchMain, event.Branch)
 	assert.True(t, event.Matched)
 	assert.Equal(t, "abc123def456", event.CommitSHA.String)
 }
@@ -791,12 +887,12 @@ func TestHandleWebhookNonMatchingBranch(t *testing.T) {
 	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
+	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, branchMain)
 
 	payload := []byte(`{"ref": "refs/heads/develop", "after": "def789ghi012"}`)
 
 	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, "push", payload,
+		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, pushEventType, payload,
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -814,10 +910,11 @@ func TestHandleWebhookInvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
+	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, branchMain)
 
 	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, "push", []byte(`{invalid json}`),
+		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, pushEventType,
+		[]byte(`{invalid json}`),
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -832,10 +929,10 @@ func TestHandleWebhookEmptyPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
+	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, branchMain)
 
 	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, "push", []byte(`{}`),
+		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, pushEventType, []byte(`{}`),
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -845,14 +942,43 @@ func TestHandleWebhookEmptyPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.False(t, events[0].Matched)
 }
 
-// TestHandleWebhookGitHubSource tests HandleWebhook with a GitHub push payload.
-func TestHandleWebhookGitHubSource(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
+// assertHandleWebhookDeploys runs HandleWebhook for payload against a fresh
+// app on branchMain and asserts the recorded event matched with the given
+// commit SHA and commit URL.
+func assertHandleWebhookDeploys(
+	t *testing.T,
+	source webhook.Source,
+	payload []byte,
+	wantSHA string,
+	wantCommitURL string,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
 
 	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
+	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, branchMain)
+
+	err := svc.HandleWebhook(context.Background(), app, source, pushEventType, payload)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Allow async deployment goroutine to complete before test cleanup
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, events, 1)
+
+	event := events[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, branchMain, event.Branch)
+	assert.True(t, event.Matched)
+	assert.Equal(t, wantSHA, event.CommitSHA.String)
+	assert.Equal(t, wantCommitURL, event.CommitURL.String)
+}
+
+// TestHandleWebhookGitHubSource tests HandleWebhook with a GitHub push payload.
+func TestHandleWebhookGitHubSource(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 
 	payload := []byte(`{
 		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
@@ -870,34 +996,16 @@ func TestHandleWebhookGitHubSource(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}`)
 
-	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitHub, "push", payload,
+	assertHandleWebhookDeploys(
+		t, webhook.SourceGitHub, payload,
+		"github123", "https://github.com/org/repo/commit/github123",
 	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Allow async deployment goroutine to complete before test cleanup
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, events, 1)
-
-	event := events[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
-	assert.True(t, event.Matched)
-	assert.Equal(t, "github123", event.CommitSHA.String)
-	assert.Equal(t, "https://github.com/org/repo/commit/github123", event.CommitURL.String)
 }
 
 // TestHandleWebhookGitLabSource tests HandleWebhook with a GitLab push payload.
 func TestHandleWebhookGitLabSource(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
-
 	payload := []byte(`{
 		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
 		"after": "gitlab456",
@@ -917,23 +1025,10 @@ func TestHandleWebhookGitLabSource(t *testing.T) {
 		]
 	}`)
 
-	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitLab, "push", payload,
+	assertHandleWebhookDeploys(
+		t, webhook.SourceGitLab, payload,
+		"gitlab456", "https://gitlab.com/group/project/-/commit/gitlab456",
 	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Allow async deployment goroutine to complete before test cleanup
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, events, 1)
-
-	event := events[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
-	assert.True(t, event.Matched)
-	assert.Equal(t, "gitlab456", event.CommitSHA.String)
-	assert.Equal(t, "https://gitlab.com/group/project/-/commit/gitlab456", event.CommitURL.String)
 }
 
 // TestSetupTestService verifies the test helper creates a working test service.
@@ -962,10 +1057,10 @@ func TestPushEventConstruction(t *testing.T) {
 
 	event := webhook.PushEvent{
 		Source:    webhook.SourceGitHub,
-		Ref:       "refs/heads/main",
+		Ref:       refMain,
 		Before:    "000",
 		After:     "abc",
-		Branch:    "main",
+		Branch:    branchMain,
 		RepoName:  "org/repo",
 		CloneURL:  webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/org/repo.git"),
 		HTMLURL:   webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/org/repo"),
@@ -973,7 +1068,7 @@ func TestPushEventConstruction(t *testing.T) {
 		Pusher:    "user",
 	}
 
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
+	assert.Equal(t, branchMain, event.Branch)
 	assert.Equal(t, webhook.SourceGitHub, event.Source)
 	assert.Equal(t, "abc", event.After)
 }