add some stuff
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README.md
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README.md
@ -15,23 +15,23 @@
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## Golang
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1. Any project that has more than 2 or 3 modules should use the `uber/fx` DI
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framework to keep things tidy.
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1. Any project that has more than 2 or 3 modules should use the `uber/fx` DI
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framework to keep things tidy.
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2. Don't commit anything that hasn't been `go fmt`'d. The only exception is
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when committing things that aren't yet syntactically valid, which should
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only happen pre-v0.0.1 or on a non-main branch.
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2. Don't commit anything that hasn't been `go fmt`'d. The only exception is
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when committing things that aren't yet syntactically valid, which should
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only happen pre-v0.0.1 or on a non-main branch.
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3. Even if you are planning to deal with only positive integers, use
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`int`/`int64` types instead of `uint`/`uint64` types. This is for
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consistency and compatibility with the standard library; it's better
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than casting all the time.
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3. Even if you are planning to deal with only positive integers, use
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`int`/`int64` types instead of `uint`/`uint64` types. This is for
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consistency and compatibility with the standard library; it's better
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than casting all the time.
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4. Try to use zerolog for logging. It's fast and has a nice API. For
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smaller/quick projects, the standard library's `log` package (and
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specifically `log/slog`) is fine. In that case, log structured logs
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whenever possible, and import `sneak.berlin/go/simplelog` to configure
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it appropriately. Example:
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4. Try to use zerolog for logging. It's fast and has a nice API. For
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smaller/quick projects, the standard library's `log` package (and
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specifically `log/slog`) is fine. In that case, log structured logs
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whenever possible, and import `sneak.berlin/go/simplelog` to configure
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it appropriately. Example:
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```go
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package main
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@ -46,26 +46,26 @@
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}
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```
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5. Write at least a single test to check compilation. The test file can be
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empty, but it should exist. This is to ensure that `go test ./...` will
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always function as a syntax check at a minimum.
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5. Write at least a single test to check compilation. The test file can be
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empty, but it should exist. This is to ensure that `go test ./...` will
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always function as a syntax check at a minimum.
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6. For anything beyond a simple script or tool, or anything that is going to
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run in any sort of "production" anywhere, make sure it passes
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`golangci-lint`.
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6. For anything beyond a simple script or tool, or anything that is going to
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run in any sort of "production" anywhere, make sure it passes
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`golangci-lint`.
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7. Write a `Dockerfile` for every repo, even if it only runs the tests and
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linting. `docker build .` should always make sure that the code is in an
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able-to-be-compiled state, linted, and any tests run. The Docker build
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should fail if linting doesn't pass.
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7. Write a `Dockerfile` for every repo, even if it only runs the tests and
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linting. `docker build .` should always make sure that the code is in an
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able-to-be-compiled state, linted, and any tests run. The Docker build
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should fail if linting doesn't pass.
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8. Include a `Makefile` with targets for at least `clean` and `test`. If
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there are multiple binaries, include a target for each binary. If there
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are multiple binaries, include a target for `all` that builds all
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binaries.
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8. Include a `Makefile` with targets for at least `clean` and `test`. If
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there are multiple binaries, include a target for each binary. If there
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are multiple binaries, include a target for `all` that builds all
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binaries.
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9. If you are writing a single-module library, `.go` files are okay in the
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repo root.
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9. If you are writing a single-module library, `.go` files are okay in the
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repo root.
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10. If you are writing a multi-module project, put all `.go` files in a
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`pkg/` or `internal/` directory. This is to keep the root clean and to
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@ -186,96 +186,97 @@
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`io.Reader` instead of `*os.File`. Tailor these to the needs of the
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specific function or method. Examples:
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1. **`io.Reader`** instead of `*os.File`:
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1. **`io.Reader`** instead of `*os.File`:
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- `io.Reader` is a common interface for reading data, which can be
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implemented by many types, including `*os.File`, `bytes.Buffer`,
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`strings.Reader`, and network connections like `net.Conn`.
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- `io.Reader` is a common interface for reading data, which can be
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implemented by many types, including `*os.File`, `bytes.Buffer`,
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`strings.Reader`, and network connections like `net.Conn`.
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2. **`io.Writer`** instead of `*os.File` or `*bytes.Buffer`:
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2. **`io.Writer`** instead of `*os.File` or `*bytes.Buffer`:
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- `io.Writer` is used for writing data. It can be implemented by
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`*os.File`, `bytes.Buffer`, `net.Conn`, and more.
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- `io.Writer` is used for writing data. It can be implemented by
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`*os.File`, `bytes.Buffer`, `net.Conn`, and more.
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3. **`io.ReadWriter`** instead of `*os.File`:
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3. **`io.ReadWriter`** instead of `*os.File`:
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- `io.ReadWriter` combines `io.Reader` and `io.Writer`. It is often
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used for types that can both read and write, such as `*os.File`
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and `net.Conn`.
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- `io.ReadWriter` combines `io.Reader` and `io.Writer`. It is often
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used for types that can both read and write, such as `*os.File`
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and `net.Conn`.
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4. **`io.Closer`** instead of `*os.File` or `*net.Conn`:
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4. **`io.Closer`** instead of `*os.File` or `*net.Conn`:
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- `io.Closer` is used for types that need to be closed, including
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`*os.File`, `net.Conn`, and other resources that require cleanup.
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- `io.Closer` is used for types that need to be closed, including
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`*os.File`, `net.Conn`, and other resources that require cleanup.
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5. **`io.ReadCloser`** instead of `*os.File` or `http.Response.Body`:
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5. **`io.ReadCloser`** instead of `*os.File` or `http.Response.Body`:
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- `io.ReadCloser` combines `io.Reader` and `io.Closer`, and is
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commonly used for types like `*os.File` and `http.Response.Body`.
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- `io.ReadCloser` combines `io.Reader` and `io.Closer`, and is
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commonly used for types like `*os.File` and `http.Response.Body`.
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6. **`io.WriteCloser`** instead of `*os.File` or `*gzip.Writer`:
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6. **`io.WriteCloser`** instead of `*os.File` or `*gzip.Writer`:
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- `io.WriteCloser` combines `io.Writer` and `io.Closer`. It is used
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for types like `*os.File` and `gzip.Writer`.
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- `io.WriteCloser` combines `io.Writer` and `io.Closer`. It is used
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for types like `*os.File` and `gzip.Writer`.
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7. **`io.ReadWriteCloser`** instead of `*os.File` or `*net.TCPConn`:
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7. **`io.ReadWriteCloser`** instead of `*os.File` or `*net.TCPConn`:
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- `io.ReadWriteCloser` combines `io.Reader`, `io.Writer`, and
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`io.Closer`. Examples include `*os.File` and `net.TCPConn`.
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- `io.ReadWriteCloser` combines `io.Reader`, `io.Writer`, and
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`io.Closer`. Examples include `*os.File` and `net.TCPConn`.
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8. **`fmt.Stringer`** instead of implementing a custom `String` method:
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8. **`fmt.Stringer`** instead of implementing a custom `String` method:
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- `fmt.Stringer` is an interface for types that can convert
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themselves to a string. Any type that implements the `String()
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string` method satisfies this interface.
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- `fmt.Stringer` is an interface for types that can convert
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themselves to a string. Any type that implements the `String()
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9. **`error`** instead of custom error types:
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string` method satisfies this interface.
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- The `error` interface is used for representing errors. Instead of
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defining custom error types, you can use the `errors.New`
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function or the `fmt.Errorf` function to create errors.
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9. **`error`** instead of custom error types:
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10. **`net.Conn`** instead of `*net.TCPConn` or `*net.UDPConn`:
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- The `error` interface is used for representing errors. Instead of
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defining custom error types, you can use the `errors.New`
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function or the `fmt.Errorf` function to create errors.
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- `net.Conn` is a generic network connection interface that can be
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implemented by TCP, UDP, and other types of network connections.
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10. **`net.Conn`** instead of `*net.TCPConn` or `*net.UDPConn`:
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11. **`http.Handler`** instead of custom HTTP handlers:
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- `net.Conn` is a generic network connection interface that can be
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implemented by TCP, UDP, and other types of network connections.
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- `http.Handler` is an interface for handling HTTP requests.
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Instead of creating custom handler types, you can use types that
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implement the `ServeHTTP(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)`
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method.
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11. **`http.Handler`** instead of custom HTTP handlers:
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12. **`http.HandlerFunc`** instead of creating a new type:
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- `http.Handler` is an interface for handling HTTP requests.
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Instead of creating custom handler types, you can use types that
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implement the `ServeHTTP(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)`
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method.
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- `http.HandlerFunc` is a type that allows you to use functions as
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HTTP handlers by implementing the `http.Handler` interface.
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12. **`http.HandlerFunc`** instead of creating a new type:
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13. **`encoding.BinaryMarshaler` and `encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler`**
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instead of custom marshal/unmarshal methods:
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- `http.HandlerFunc` is a type that allows you to use functions as
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HTTP handlers by implementing the `http.Handler` interface.
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- These interfaces are used for binary serialization and
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deserialization. Implementing these interfaces allows types to
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be encoded and decoded in a standard way.
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13. **`encoding.BinaryMarshaler` and `encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler`**
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instead of custom marshal/unmarshal methods:
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14. **`encoding.TextMarshaler` and `encoding.TextUnmarshaler`** instead
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of custom text marshal/unmarshal methods:
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- These interfaces are used for binary serialization and
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deserialization. Implementing these interfaces allows types to
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be encoded and decoded in a standard way.
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- These interfaces are used for text-based serialization and
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deserialization. They are useful for types that need to be
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represented as text.
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14. **`encoding.TextMarshaler` and `encoding.TextUnmarshaler`** instead
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of custom text marshal/unmarshal methods:
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15. **`sort.Interface`** instead of custom sorting logic:
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- These interfaces are used for text-based serialization and
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deserialization. They are useful for types that need to be
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represented as text.
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- `sort.Interface` is an interface for sorting collections. By
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implementing the `Len`, `Less`, and `Swap` methods, you can sort
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any collection using the `sort.Sort` function.
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15. **`sort.Interface`** instead of custom sorting logic:
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16. **`flag.Value`** instead of custom flag parsing:
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- `flag.Value` is an interface for defining custom command-line
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flags. Implementing the `String` and `Set` methods allows you to
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use custom types with the `flag` package.
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- `sort.Interface` is an interface for sorting collections. By
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implementing the `Len`, `Less`, and `Swap` methods, you can sort
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any collection using the `sort.Sort` function.
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16. **`flag.Value`** instead of custom flag parsing:
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- `flag.Value` is an interface for defining custom command-line
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flags. Implementing the `String` and `Set` methods allows you to
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use custom types with the `flag` package.
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39. Avoid using `panic` in library code. Instead, return errors to allow
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the caller to handle them. Reserve `panic` for truly exceptional
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42. Use `iota` to define enumerations in a type-safe way. This ensures that
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the constants are properly grouped and reduces the risk of errors.
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43. Don't hardcode big lists in your code. Either isolate lists in their own
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module/package, or use a third party library. For example, if you need a
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list of country codes, you can use
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Example:
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```go
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type HandScore int
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const (
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ScoreHighCard = HandScore(iota * 100_000_000_000)
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ScorePair
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ScoreTwoPair
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ScoreThreeOfAKind
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ScoreStraight
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ScoreFlush
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ScoreFullHouse
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ScoreFourOfAKind
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ScoreStraightFlush
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ScoreRoyalFlush
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)
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```
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Example 2:
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```go
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type ByteSize float64
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const (
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_ = iota // ignore first value by assigning to blank identifier
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KB ByteSize = 1 << (10 * iota)
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MB
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GB
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TB
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PB
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EB
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ZB
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YB
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)
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```
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43. Don't hardcode big lists of things in your normal code. Either isolate
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lists in their own module/package and write some getters, or use a third
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party library. For example, if you need a list of country codes, you can
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use
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[https://github.com/emvi/iso-639-1](https://github.com/emvi/iso-639-1).
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It's okay to embed a data file (use `go embed`) in your binary if you
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need to, but make sure you parse it once as a singleton and don't read
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it from disk every time you need it. Don't use too much memory for
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this, embedding anything more than perhaps 25MiB (uncompressed) is
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probably too much. Compress the file before embedding and uncompress
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during the reading/parsing step for efficiency.
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44. When storing numeric values that represent a number of units, either
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include the unit in the name, or use a type alias, or use a 3p library
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such as
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include the unit in the variable name (e.g. `uptimeSeconds`,
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`delayMsec`, `coreTemperatureCelsius`), or use a type alias (that
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includes the unit name), or use a 3p library such as
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[github.com/alecthomas/units](https://github.com/alecthomas/units) for
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SI/IEC byte units, or
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[github.com/bcicen/go-units](https://github.com/bcicen/go-units) for
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temperatures (and others). The type system is your friend, use it.
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45. Once you have a working program, run `go mod tidy` to clean up your
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`go.mod` and `go.sum` files. Tag a v0.0.1 or v1.0.0. Push your `main`
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branch and tag(s). Subsequent work should happen on branches so that
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`main` is "always releasable". "Releasable" in this context means that
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it builds and functions as expected, and that all tests and linting
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passes.
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## Other Golang Tips and Best Practices (Optional)
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1. When passing channels to goroutines, use read-only (`<-chan`) or
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