Keep each test database when the pool replaces its connection (closes #209)

SQLite deletes a shared in-memory database when its last connection
closes. A query cancelled while it runs makes the pool close its
connection, so a test could lose all its tables and rows at random.

The new package internal/dbtest has NewURL. It returns the URL of a
new in-memory database with a random name and holds one connection to
it open until the test ends. The db, handlers, ircserver, server and
service tests take their database URL from it. The test-support lint
rule keeps the package out of the server binary.

A new test cancels a query on such a database, checks with a TEMP
table that the connection was replaced, and checks that a row is
still there.

Model: opus-5-5

.golangci.yml

@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ linters:
               desc: >-
                 Test-support code belongs in test files and in packages whose
                 directory name ends in test, not in the shipped binary.
+            - pkg: sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/dbtest
+              desc: >-
+                Test-support code belongs in test files and in packages whose
+                directory name ends in test, not in the shipped binary.
     # Only decisions already recorded in the Go package defaults are
     # listed here. Every entry matches the module path exactly.
     gomodguard_v2:

README.md

@@ -268,10 +268,15 @@ rules). Case-sensitive comparison is unambiguous.
 A single user session can have multiple clients (phone, laptop, terminal).
 
 - Each client gets a **separate server-to-client (S2C) message queue**.
-- The server fans out messages and events from other users, and the user's own
+- The server fans out messages and events from other users to every client queue
-  DMs and the channel messages it sends over the HTTP API, to every client queue
+  for that user session.
-  for that user session. Replies to a command (numerics) go only to the client
+- When the user sends a `PRIVMSG`, `NOTICE`, `JOIN`, `PART`, `NICK`, `TOPIC`,
-  that sent it.
+  `MODE` or `KICK` from one of its clients, the resulting event goes to every
+  client queue of the user's own session, as well as to the other users it is
+  meant for. The one exception is an IRC listener connection that sent the
+  command, which gets nothing queued for it: it has already sent its user the
+  echo, or, for `PRIVMSG` and `NOTICE`, IRC sends none.
+- Replies to a command (numerics) go only to the client that sent it.
 - `GET /api/v1/messages` delivers from the calling client's specific queue,
   identified by the auth cookie.
 - Client queues have **independent expiry/pruning** — one client going offline
@@ -744,7 +749,7 @@ Leave a channel.
 {"command": "PART", "to": "#general", "body": ["goodbye"]}
 ```
 
-**S2C (broadcast to the other channel members):**
+**S2C (broadcast to all channel members, including the departing user):**
 
 ```json
 {
@@ -760,9 +765,8 @@ Leave a channel.
 
 **Behavior:**
 
-- The PART event goes to the other channel members, not to the departing user;
+- The PART event goes to every channel member, the departing user's own clients
-  the HTTP response confirms the part. (The IRC listener echoes the PART to its
+  included. (An IRC listener connection that sends a PART echoes it itself.)
-  own connection.)
 - If the channel is empty after the user leaves, the channel is **deleted**
   (ephemeral channels).
 - If the user is not in the channel, the server returns an error.
@@ -1019,9 +1023,8 @@ On the IRC listener, `MODE #channel <modes> [values...]` takes several letters
 in one string, e.g. `MODE #general +mt-i` or `MODE #general +ov alice bob`. It
 accepts `i`, `m`, `n`, `s`, `t`, `o` and `v` (with a nick) and `H` (with bits
 from 1 to 40 when setting), but not `b`, `k` or `l`. A letter whose value is
-missing is skipped. The changes made are echoed to the operator's connection and
+missing is skipped. The changes made are sent to every channel member as one
-also sent to every channel member, the operator included, as one `MODE` line,
+`MODE` line, e.g. `+o-v alice bob`; the operator gets that line once.
-e.g. `+o-v alice bob`.
 
 **Channel errors:**
 
@@ -1405,7 +1408,8 @@ Include the hashcash stamp in the `meta` field:
 **Server validation:** The server checks that the stamp is well-formed, meets
 the required difficulty, is bound to the correct channel and message body, has a
 recent date, and has not been previously used. Spent stamps are cached for 1
-year to prevent replay attacks.
+year to prevent replay attacks. The stamp is checked after membership, bans and
+`+m`, so a message refused for one of those does not spend it.
 
 **Error responses:** If the channel requires hashcash and the stamp is missing,
 invalid, or replayed, the server returns `ERR_CANNOTSENDTOCHAN (404)` with a
@@ -2607,7 +2611,7 @@ listener.
 | Variable               | Type   | Default                                                                                | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
 | ---------------------- | ------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
 | `PORT`                 | int    | `8080`                                                                                 | HTTP listen port                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
-| `DBURL`                | string | `file:///var/lib/neoirc/state.db?_pragma=journal_mode(WAL)&_pragma=busy_timeout(5000)` | SQLite connection string. For file-based: `file:///path/to/db.db?_pragma=journal_mode(WAL)&_pragma=busy_timeout(5000)`. For in-memory (testing): `file::memory:?cache=shared`. See [SQLite Considerations](#sqlite-considerations).                                                     |
+| `DBURL`                | string | `file:///var/lib/neoirc/state.db?_pragma=journal_mode(WAL)&_pragma=busy_timeout(5000)` | SQLite connection string. For file-based: `file:///path/to/db.db?_pragma=journal_mode(WAL)&_pragma=busy_timeout(5000)`. For in-memory (testing): `file::memory:?cache=shared`. It must not set `foreign_keys`. See [SQLite Considerations](#sqlite-considerations).                     |
 | `DEBUG`                | bool   | `false`                                                                                | Switch logging to debug level                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
 | `MESSAGE_MAX_AGE`      | string | `720h`                                                                                 | Maximum age of messages as a Go duration string (e.g. `720h`, `24h`). Messages older than this are pruned. Default is 30 days.                                                                                                                                                          |
 | `SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT` | string | `720h`                                                                                 | Idle timeout as a Go duration string (e.g. `720h`, `24h`). Clients with no authenticated HTTP API request or IRC listener command for this long are removed, and a session left with none is expired and its nick released (see [Data Lifecycle](#data-lifecycle)). Default is 30 days. |
@@ -2719,7 +2723,9 @@ Each line of a multi-line `body` reaches an IRC listener user as its own
 is sent, so it cannot start a line of its own. A mode change made over the HTTP
 API reaches IRC listener members as an IRC `MODE` line with its value as a
 separate parameter, e.g. `MODE #general +k secretpass` or
-`MODE #general +o bob`.
+`MODE #general +o bob`. An `INVITE` from either transport reaches the invited
+IRC listener user as an IRC `INVITE` line from the inviter, e.g.
+`:alice!alice@* INVITE bob #general`.
 
 ### Docker Usage
 
@@ -3087,6 +3093,10 @@ limits that punish shared networks.
     - Stamp has not been used before (replay prevention; the spent stamps are
       kept in memory, so a restart forgets them)
 
+    The stamp is spent only when the session is created. A request refused with
+    400 or 409 leaves it unspent, and the client can send the same stamp again
+    with another nick or username.
+
 ### Stamp Format
 
 Standard hashcash format:
@@ -3159,12 +3169,13 @@ creating one session pays once and keeps their session.
 ### Why Hashcash and Not Rate Limits?
 
 - **Little state to track**: No IP tables, no token buckets, no sliding windows.
-  The server verifies a single hash and remembers the stamps already spent.
+  The server hashes the stamp and remembers the stamps already spent.
 - **Works through NATs and proxies**: Doesn't punish shared IPs (university
   campuses, corporate networks, Tor exits). Every client computes their own
   proof independently.
 - **Cost falls on the requester**: The server's verification cost is constant
-  (one SHA-256 hash) regardless of difficulty. Only the client does more work.
+  regardless of difficulty: at most two SHA-256 hashes of the stamp per session
+  request, one to check it and one to spend it. Only the client does more work.
 - **Fits the "no accounts" philosophy**: Proof-of-work is the cost of entry. No
   registration, no email, no phone number, no CAPTCHA. Just compute.
 - **Language-agnostic**: SHA-256 is available in every programming language. The
@@ -3331,6 +3342,7 @@ neoirc/
 │   │   └── schema/
 │   │       ├── 000.sql     # schema_migrations bootstrap
 │   │       └── 001_initial.sql
+│   ├── dbtest/             # Gives each test its own database; only tests import it
 │   ├── globals/            # Application-wide metadata
 │   │   └── globals.go
 │   ├── handlers/           # HTTP request handlers

internal/cli/api/client.go

@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ const (
 	httpErrThreshold = 400
 )
 
-var errHTTP = errors.New("HTTP error")
+var (
+	errHTTP        = errors.New("HTTP error")
+	errJoinRefused = errors.New("the server refused the join")
+)
 
 // Client wraps HTTP calls to the neoirc server API.
 type Client struct {
@@ -206,13 +209,35 @@ func (client *Client) PollMessages(
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// JoinChannel joins a channel.
+// JoinChannel joins a channel. It returns an error unless the
+// server answers that the session joined. When the server
+// refuses the join, it sends the reason to the message queue as
+// an error numeric.
 func (client *Client) JoinChannel(channel string) error {
-	return client.SendMessage(
+	data, err := client.do(
+		http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/messages",
 		&Message{ //nolint:exhaustruct // only command+to needed
 			Command: irc.CmdJoin, To: channel,
 		},
 	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var resp struct {
+		Status string `json:"status"`
+	}
+
+	err = json.Unmarshal(data, &resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("decode join: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.Status != "joined" {
+		return errJoinRefused
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // PartChannel leaves a channel.

internal/cli/api/client_test.go

@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ func TestCreateSessionSendsNickAndStamp(t *testing.T) {
 			return
 		}
 
-		err = validator.Validate(payload.Hashcash, stampBits)
+		err = validator.Claim(payload.Hashcash, stampBits)
 		if err != nil {
 			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusPaymentRequired)
 

internal/cli/app.go

@@ -96,20 +96,7 @@ func (a *App) handleInput(text string) {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(
 			"[red]Send error: " + err.Error(),
 		)
-
-		return
 	}
-
-	timestamp := time.Now().Format(timeFormat)
-
-	a.mu.Lock()
-	nick := a.nick
-	a.mu.Unlock()
-
-	a.ui.AddLine(target, fmt.Sprintf(
-		"[gray]%s [green]<%s>[white] %s",
-		timestamp, nick, text,
-	))
 }
 
 func (a *App) handleCommand(text string) {
@@ -301,9 +288,6 @@ func (a *App) cmdJoin(channel string) {
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 
 	a.ui.SwitchToBuffer(channel)
-	a.ui.AddLine(channel,
-		"[yellow]*** Joined "+channel,
-	)
 	a.ui.SetStatus(nick, channel, "connected")
 }
 
@@ -338,10 +322,6 @@ func (a *App) cmdPart(channel string) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	a.ui.AddLine(channel,
-		"[yellow]*** Left "+channel,
-	)
-
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	if a.target == channel {
 		a.target = ""
@@ -368,7 +348,6 @@ func (a *App) cmdMsg(args string) {
 
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	connected := a.connected
-	nick := a.nick
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 
 	if !connected {
@@ -386,16 +365,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdMsg(args string) {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
 			"[red]Send failed: %v", err,
 		))
-
-		return
 	}
-
-	timestamp := time.Now().Format(timeFormat)
-
-	a.ui.AddLine(target, fmt.Sprintf(
-		"[gray]%s [green]<%s>[white] %s",
-		timestamp, nick, text,
-	))
 }
 
 func (a *App) cmdQuery(nick string) {
@@ -757,7 +727,7 @@ func (a *App) handleServerMessage(msg *api.Message) {
 	case irc.CmdJoin:
 		a.handleJoinEvent(msg, timestamp)
 	case irc.CmdPart:
-		a.handlePartEvent(msg, timestamp)
+		a.handlePartEvent(msg, timestamp, myNick)
 	case irc.CmdQuit:
 		a.handleQuitEvent(msg, timestamp)
 	case irc.CmdNick:
@@ -785,12 +755,10 @@ func (a *App) handlePrivmsgEvent(
 	lines := msg.BodyLines()
 	text := strings.Join(lines, " ")
 
-	if msg.From == myNick {
+	// A direct message shows in the buffer of the other user:
-		return
+	// the recipient of one the user sent, else the sender.
-	}
-
 	target := msg.To
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(target, "#") {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(target, "#") && msg.From != myNick {
 		target = msg.From
 	}
 
@@ -813,8 +781,11 @@ func (a *App) handleJoinEvent(
 	))
 }
 
+// handlePartEvent shows a part in the channel's buffer. The
+// user's own part does not mark the channel unread: the user
+// has just left it.
 func (a *App) handlePartEvent(
-	msg *api.Message, timestamp string,
+	msg *api.Message, timestamp, myNick string,
 ) {
 	if msg.To == "" {
 		return
@@ -823,17 +794,22 @@ func (a *App) handlePartEvent(
 	lines := msg.BodyLines()
 	reason := strings.Join(lines, " ")
 
-	if reason != "" {
+	line := fmt.Sprintf(
-		a.ui.AddLine(msg.To, fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s has left %s (%s)",
-			timestamp, msg.From, msg.To, reason,
-		))
-	} else {
-		a.ui.AddLine(msg.To, fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s has left %s",
 		timestamp, msg.From, msg.To,
-		))
+	)
+
+	if reason != "" {
+		line += " (" + reason + ")"
 	}
+
+	if msg.From == myNick {
+		a.ui.AddLineAsRead(msg.To, line)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	a.ui.AddLine(msg.To, line)
 }
 
 func (a *App) handleQuitEvent(

internal/cli/app_internal_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,23 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/gdamore/tcell/v2"
 	api "sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/cli/api"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/pkg/irc"
+)
+
+// The user's nick, a channel it is in, another user's nick and
+// a message text, for the tests below.
+const (
+	testNick      = "erin"
+	testChannel   = "#chan"
+	testOtherNick = "bob"
+	testText      = "hello"
 )
 
 func TestMemberPrefix(t *testing.T) {
@@ -49,3 +63,275 @@ func TestMemberPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// TestPartEvent checks that a PART event adds a line to the
+// channel's buffer and marks it unread, except that the
+// user's own part does not mark it unread.
+func TestPartEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		from       string
+		wantUnread int
+	}{
+		{name: "own part", from: testNick, wantUnread: 0},
+		{name: "other member", from: testOtherNick, wantUnread: 1},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			app := &App{ui: NewUI(), nick: testNick}
+			runUI(t, app.ui)
+
+			app.handleServerMessage(&api.Message{
+				Command: irc.CmdPart, From: test.from, To: testChannel,
+			})
+
+			lines, unread := bufferState(app.ui, testChannel)
+			if lines != 1 || unread != test.wantUnread {
+				t.Fatalf("got %d lines and %d unread, want 1 and %d",
+					lines, unread, test.wantUnread)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestOwnCommandShownOnce checks that a message, join or
+// part made from neoirc-cli shows as one line in the
+// channel's buffer once the server's event for it arrives,
+// and does not mark the channel unread.
+func TestOwnCommandShownOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		send  func(app *App)
+		event api.Message
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "message",
+			send: func(app *App) { app.handleInput(testText) },
+			event: api.Message{
+				Command: irc.CmdPrivmsg, From: testNick, To: testChannel,
+				Body: []string{testText},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "join",
+			send: func(app *App) { app.cmdJoin(testChannel) },
+			event: api.Message{
+				Command: irc.CmdJoin, From: testNick, To: testChannel,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "part",
+			send: func(app *App) { app.cmdPart(testChannel) },
+			event: api.Message{
+				Command: irc.CmdPart, From: testNick, To: testChannel,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// The server accepts every command. Only the response
+			// to a JOIN is read, and it says the session joined.
+			server := newServer(t, `{"status": "joined"}`)
+
+			app := &App{
+				ui:        NewUI(),
+				client:    api.NewClient(server.URL),
+				nick:      testNick,
+				target:    testChannel,
+				connected: true,
+			}
+			runUI(t, app.ui)
+			app.ui.SwitchToBuffer(testChannel)
+
+			test.send(app)
+			app.handleServerMessage(&test.event)
+
+			lines, unread := bufferState(app.ui, testChannel)
+			if lines != 1 || unread != 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("got %d lines and %d unread, want 1 and 0",
+					lines, unread)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestJoinResponse checks that /join switches to the channel's
+// buffer and makes it the target only when the server answers
+// that the session joined.
+func TestJoinResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		response string
+		// The buffer shown and the target after the join.
+		want string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "joined",
+			response: `{"status": "joined", "channel": "#chan"}`,
+			want:     testChannel,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "refused",
+			response: `{"status": "error"}`,
+			want:     testOtherNick,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			app := &App{
+				ui:        NewUI(),
+				client:    api.NewClient(newServer(t, test.response).URL),
+				nick:      testNick,
+				target:    testOtherNick,
+				connected: true,
+			}
+			runUI(t, app.ui)
+			app.ui.SwitchToBuffer(testOtherNick)
+
+			app.cmdJoin(testChannel)
+
+			var shown string
+
+			app.ui.app.QueueUpdate(func() {
+				shown = app.ui.buffers[app.ui.currentBuffer].Name
+			})
+
+			if shown != test.want || app.target != test.want {
+				t.Fatalf("got buffer %s and target %s, want %s",
+					shown, app.target, test.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestOwnEventFromOtherClient checks that a message, notice,
+// join or part that the user's session makes from another
+// client shows as one line in the buffer it belongs to.
+func TestOwnEventFromOtherClient(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		event  api.Message
+		buffer string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "channel message",
+			event: api.Message{
+				Command: irc.CmdPrivmsg, From: testNick, To: testChannel,
+				Body: []string{testText},
+			},
+			buffer: testChannel,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "direct message",
+			event: api.Message{
+				Command: irc.CmdPrivmsg, From: testNick, To: testOtherNick,
+				Body: []string{testText},
+			},
+			buffer: testOtherNick,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "notice",
+			event: api.Message{
+				Command: irc.CmdNotice, From: testNick, To: testChannel,
+				Body: []string{testText},
+			},
+			buffer: "(status)",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "join",
+			event: api.Message{
+				Command: irc.CmdJoin, From: testNick, To: testChannel,
+			},
+			buffer: testChannel,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "part",
+			event: api.Message{
+				Command: irc.CmdPart, From: testNick, To: testChannel,
+			},
+			buffer: testChannel,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			app := &App{ui: NewUI(), nick: testNick}
+			runUI(t, app.ui)
+
+			app.handleServerMessage(&test.event)
+
+			lines, _ := bufferState(app.ui, test.buffer)
+			if lines != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("got %d lines in %s, want 1", lines, test.buffer)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// bufferState returns the number of lines in the named
+// buffer and how many of them are unread.
+func bufferState(ui *UI, name string) (int, int) {
+	var lines, unread int
+
+	ui.app.QueueUpdate(func() {
+		buf := ui.getOrCreateBuffer(name)
+		lines = len(buf.Lines)
+		unread = buf.Unread
+	})
+
+	return lines, unread
+}
+
+// newServer starts a server that answers every request with
+// body until the test ends.
+func newServer(t *testing.T, body string) *httptest.Server {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
+		func(writer http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, body)
+		},
+	))
+	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
+
+	return server
+}
+
+// runUI runs ui on a simulated screen until the test ends.
+func runUI(t *testing.T, ui *UI) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	ui.app.SetScreen(tcell.NewSimulationScreen(""))
+
+	done := make(chan error)
+
+	go func() { done <- ui.Run() }()
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		ui.Stop()
+
+		err := <-done
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("run ui: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+}

internal/cli/ui.go

@@ -95,6 +95,19 @@ func (ui *UI) AddLine(bufferName, line string) {
 	})
 }
 
+// AddLineAsRead adds a line to the specified buffer, as
+// AddLine does, but does not mark the buffer unread.
+func (ui *UI) AddLineAsRead(bufferName, line string) {
+	ui.app.QueueUpdateDraw(func() {
+		buf := ui.getOrCreateBuffer(bufferName)
+		buf.Lines = append(buf.Lines, line)
+
+		if ui.buffers[ui.currentBuffer] == buf {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(ui.messages, line)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 // AddStatus adds a line to the status buffer.
 func (ui *UI) AddStatus(line string) {
 	ts := time.Now().Format("15:04")

internal/db/db.go

@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"embed"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/fs"
 	"log/slog"
+	"net/url"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -22,6 +24,10 @@ import (
 
 const minMigrationParts = 2
 
+var errForeignKeysInDBURL = errors.New(
+	"DBURL must not set foreign_keys, which the server always turns on",
+)
+
 // SchemaFiles contains embedded SQL migration files.
 //
 //go:embed schema/*.sql
@@ -90,6 +96,33 @@ func (database *Database) connect(ctx context.Context) error {
 		dbURL = config.DefaultDBURL
 	}
 
+	// SQLite keeps the foreign keys setting per connection. The driver
+	// runs each _pragma parameter on every connection it opens. So the
+	// one added below also covers the connection the pool opens after
+	// a cancelled query breaks the old one. A foreign_keys pragma in
+	// DBURL could undo it, because the driver sorts the pragmas.
+	_, query, hasQuery := strings.Cut(dbURL, "?")
+
+	urlParams, err := url.ParseQuery(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse DBURL: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, pragma := range urlParams["_pragma"] {
+		if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(pragma), "foreign_keys") {
+			return fmt.Errorf(
+				"%w: _pragma=%s", errForeignKeysInDBURL, pragma,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	separator := "?"
+	if hasQuery {
+		separator = "&"
+	}
+
+	dbURL += separator + "_pragma=foreign_keys(1)"
+
 	database.log.Info(
 		"connecting to database", "url", dbURL,
 	)
@@ -109,13 +142,6 @@ func (database *Database) connect(ctx context.Context) error {
 	database.conn = conn
 	database.log.Info("database connected")
 
-	_, err = database.conn.ExecContext(
-		ctx, "PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON",
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("enable foreign keys: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	return database.runMigrations(ctx)
 }
 

internal/db/db_test.go

@@ -1,19 +1,34 @@
 package db_test
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net/url"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"go.uber.org/fx/fxtest"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/config"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/db"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/dbtest"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/globals"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/logger"
 )
 
 const wantBusyTimeoutMS = 5000
 
+const (
+	// endlessQuery counts the rows of a recursive query that never
+	// stops, so it runs until its context ends.
+	endlessQuery = `WITH RECURSIVE n(x) AS
+		(SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT x + 1 FROM n)
+		SELECT COUNT(*) FROM n`
+
+	endlessQueryTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
 // TestDefaultDBURLSetsWALAndBusyTimeout opens a file database
 // with the default URL's parameters the way the server does,
 // and checks the journal mode and busy timeout it ends up with.
@@ -73,3 +88,191 @@ func TestDefaultDBURLSetsWALAndBusyTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestForeignKeysOnAfterCancelledQuery cancels a query while it
+// runs, which makes the pool close its only connection and open a
+// new one. A TEMP table lasts only as long as its connection, so
+// its absence shows the connection was replaced. The test then
+// checks that the file database keeps its tables and that the new
+// connection has foreign keys on.
+func TestForeignKeysOnAfterCancelledQuery(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	_, defaultParams, _ := strings.Cut(config.DefaultDBURL, "?")
+
+	urlParams := map[string]string{
+		"default parameters": "?" + defaultParams,
+		"no parameters":      "",
+	}
+
+	for name, params := range urlParams {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			dbURL := "file://" +
+				filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "state.db") + params
+
+			database, err := startDatabase(t, dbURL)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			_, err = database.GetDB().ExecContext(
+				t.Context(), "CREATE TEMP TABLE first_connection (x)",
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(
+				t.Context(), endlessQueryTimeout,
+			)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			_, err = database.GetDB().ExecContext(ctx, endlessQuery)
+			if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				t.Fatalf("endless query: err = %v", err)
+			}
+
+			tempTables := queryInt(
+				t, database, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sqlite_temp_schema",
+			)
+			if tempTables != 0 {
+				t.Fatal("the pool kept its first connection")
+			}
+
+			migrations := queryInt(
+				t, database, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM schema_migrations",
+			)
+			if migrations == 0 {
+				t.Error("schema_migrations is empty")
+			}
+
+			foreignKeys := queryInt(t, database, "PRAGMA foreign_keys")
+			if foreignKeys != 1 {
+				t.Errorf("foreign_keys = %d, want 1", foreignKeys)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNewURLKeepsDataAfterCancelledQuery cancels a query on a test
+// database while it runs, which makes the pool close its only
+// connection and open a new one. A TEMP table lasts only as long as
+// its connection, so its absence shows the connection was replaced.
+// The database must still have its tables and rows.
+func TestNewURLKeepsDataAfterCancelledQuery(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database, err := startDatabase(t, dbtest.NewURL(t))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = database.GetOrCreateChannel(t.Context(), "#test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = database.GetDB().ExecContext(
+		t.Context(), "CREATE TEMP TABLE first_connection (x)",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), endlessQueryTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err = database.GetDB().ExecContext(ctx, endlessQuery)
+	if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+		t.Fatalf("endless query: err = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	tempTables := queryInt(
+		t, database, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sqlite_temp_schema",
+	)
+	if tempTables != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("the pool kept its first connection")
+	}
+
+	channels := queryInt(t, database, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM channels")
+	if channels != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("channels = %d, want 1", channels)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDBURLSettingForeignKeysFailsStartup checks that the database
+// refuses to start when DBURL sets foreign_keys itself, however it
+// is spelled.
+func TestDBURLSettingForeignKeysFailsStartup(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	pragmas := []string{
+		"foreign_keys(0)",
+		"foreign_keys(off)",
+		"foreign_keys=0",
+		"FOREIGN_KEYS(FALSE)",
+		" Foreign_Keys = 1",
+	}
+
+	for _, pragma := range pragmas {
+		t.Run(pragma, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			dbURL := "file://" +
+				filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "state.db") +
+				"?_pragma=" + url.QueryEscape(pragma)
+
+			_, err := startDatabase(t, dbURL)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("the database started")
+			}
+
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "DBURL") {
+				t.Errorf("error %q does not name DBURL", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// startDatabase starts a Database for dbURL the way the server does.
+// It returns the error that stopped it from starting, if any.
+func startDatabase(t *testing.T, dbURL string) (*db.Database, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	lifecycle := fxtest.NewLifecycle(t)
+
+	log, err := logger.New(lifecycle, logger.Params{
+		Globals: &globals.Globals{},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	database, err := db.New(lifecycle, db.Params{
+		Logger: log,
+		Config: &config.Config{DBURL: dbURL},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	t.Cleanup(lifecycle.RequireStop)
+
+	return database, lifecycle.Start(t.Context())
+}
+
+// queryInt runs a query that returns a single number.
+func queryInt(t *testing.T, database *db.Database, query string) int {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var result int
+
+	err := database.GetDB().QueryRowContext(t.Context(), query).Scan(&result)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	return result
+}

internal/db/export_test.go

@@ -5,21 +5,16 @@ import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
-	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/dbtest"
 )
 
-//nolint:gochecknoglobals // test counter
-var testDBCounter atomic.Int64
-
 // NewTestDatabase creates an in-memory database for testing.
-func NewTestDatabase() (*Database, error) {
+func NewTestDatabase(tb testing.TB) (*Database, error) {
-	counter := testDBCounter.Add(1)
+	tb.Helper()
 
-	dsn := fmt.Sprintf(
+	dsn := dbtest.NewURL(tb) + "&_pragma=foreign_keys(1)"
-		"file:testdb%d?mode=memory"+
-			"&cache=shared&_pragma=foreign_keys(1)",
-		counter,
-	)
 
 	conn, err := sql.Open("sqlite", dsn)
 	if err != nil {

internal/db/queries.go

@@ -264,6 +264,25 @@ func (database *Database) GetSessionByNick(
 	return sessionID, nil
 }
 
+// GetSessionNick returns the nick a session holds.
+func (database *Database) GetSessionNick(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	sessionID int64,
+) (string, error) {
+	var nick string
+
+	err := database.conn.QueryRowContext(
+		ctx,
+		"SELECT nick FROM sessions WHERE id = ?",
+		sessionID,
+	).Scan(&nick)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("get session nick: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nick, nil
+}
+
 // SessionHostInfo holds the username, hostname, and IP
 // for a session.
 type SessionHostInfo struct {
@@ -1208,11 +1227,12 @@ func insertMessageInTx(
 	return dbID, msgUUID, nil
 }
 
-// EnqueueToSession adds a message to all clients of a
+// EnqueueToSession adds a message to the queues of all
-// session's queues.
+// clients of a session except client skipClientID, or of all
+// of them when skipClientID is 0.
 func (database *Database) EnqueueToSession(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	sessionID, messageID int64,
+	sessionID, messageID, skipClientID int64,
 ) error {
 	transaction, err := database.conn.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1221,7 +1241,9 @@ func (database *Database) EnqueueToSession(
 
 	defer func() { _ = transaction.Rollback() }()
 
-	err = enqueueToSessionInTx(ctx, transaction, sessionID, messageID)
+	err = enqueueToSessionInTx(
+		ctx, transaction, sessionID, messageID, skipClientID,
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -1239,15 +1261,15 @@ func (database *Database) EnqueueToSession(
 func enqueueToSessionInTx(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	transaction *sql.Tx,
-	sessionID, messageID int64,
+	sessionID, messageID, skipClientID int64,
 ) error {
 	_, err := transaction.ExecContext(ctx,
 		`INSERT OR IGNORE INTO client_queues
 		 (client_id, message_id, created_at)
 		 SELECT c.id, ?, ?
 		 FROM clients c
-		 WHERE c.session_id = ?`,
+		 WHERE c.session_id = ? AND c.id != ?`,
-		messageID, time.Now(), sessionID)
+		messageID, time.Now(), sessionID, skipClientID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf(
 			"enqueue to session: %w", err,
@@ -1673,7 +1695,7 @@ func quitSessionInTx(
 
 	for _, peerID := range peerIDs {
 		err = enqueueToSessionInTx(
-			ctx, transaction, peerID, messageID,
+			ctx, transaction, peerID, messageID, 0,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err

internal/db/queries_test.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 func setupTestDB(t *testing.T) *db.Database {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	database, err := db.NewTestDatabase()
+	database, err := db.NewTestDatabase(t)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ func TestPollMessages(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	err = database.EnqueueToSession(ctx, sid, dbID)
+	err = database.EnqueueToSession(ctx, sid, dbID, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

internal/dbtest/dbtest.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Package dbtest gives each test a database of its own. Only tests
+// may import it.
+package dbtest
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"database/sql"
+	"testing"
+
+	_ "modernc.org/sqlite" // registers the sqlite driver
+)
+
+// NewURL returns the URL of a new, empty in-memory database for one
+// test. SQLite deletes an in-memory database when its last connection
+// closes. A pool closes a connection when a query on it is cancelled
+// while it runs. So this function holds a connection of its own open
+// until the test ends.
+func NewURL(tb testing.TB) string {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	// A random name, so that no other test can share the database.
+	dbURL := "file:" + rand.Text() + "?mode=memory&cache=shared"
+
+	pool, err := sql.Open("sqlite", dbURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		tb.Fatalf("open test database: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	tb.Cleanup(func() { _ = pool.Close() })
+
+	conn, err := pool.Conn(tb.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		tb.Fatalf("connect to test database: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	tb.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+	return dbURL
+}

internal/handlers/api.go

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleCreateSession(
 		return
 	}
 
-	if !hdlr.validateHashcash(
+	if !hdlr.checkHashcash(
 		writer, request, payload.Hashcash,
 	) {
 		return
@@ -232,14 +232,15 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleCreateSession(
 	}
 
 	hdlr.executeCreateSession(
-		writer, request, payload.Nick, username,
+		writer, request,
+		payload.Nick, username, payload.Hashcash,
 	)
 }
 
 func (hdlr *Handlers) executeCreateSession(
 	writer http.ResponseWriter,
 	request *http.Request,
-	nick, username string,
+	nick, username, stamp string,
 ) {
 	remoteIP := clientIP(request)
 
@@ -247,12 +248,17 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) executeCreateSession(
 		request.Context(), remoteIP,
 	)
 
+	if !hdlr.claimHashcash(writer, request, stamp) {
+		return
+	}
+
 	sessionID, clientID, token, err :=
 		hdlr.params.Database.CreateSession(
 			request.Context(),
 			nick, username, hostname, remoteIP,
 		)
 	if err != nil {
+		hdlr.hashcashVal.Release(stamp)
 		hdlr.handleCreateSessionError(
 			writer, request, err,
 		)
@@ -273,10 +279,10 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) executeCreateSession(
 	}, http.StatusCreated)
 }
 
-// validateHashcash validates a hashcash stamp if required.
+// checkHashcash checks a hashcash stamp if required,
-// Returns false if validation failed and a response was
+// without spending it. Returns false if the check failed
-// already sent.
+// and a response was already sent.
-func (hdlr *Handlers) validateHashcash(
+func (hdlr *Handlers) checkHashcash(
 	writer http.ResponseWriter,
 	request *http.Request,
 	stamp string,
@@ -295,7 +301,31 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) validateHashcash(
 		return false
 	}
 
-	err := hdlr.hashcashVal.Validate(
+	err := hdlr.hashcashVal.Check(
+		stamp, hdlr.params.Config.HashcashBits,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		hdlr.respondError(
+			writer, request,
+			"invalid hashcash stamp: "+err.Error(),
+			http.StatusPaymentRequired,
+		)
+
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+// claimHashcash spends a stamp that checkHashcash accepted.
+// Returns false if Claim refused the stamp, normally because
+// it was already spent, and a response was already sent.
+func (hdlr *Handlers) claimHashcash(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	stamp string,
+) bool {
+	err := hdlr.hashcashVal.Claim(
 		stamp, hdlr.params.Config.HashcashBits,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -783,7 +813,14 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) HandleGetMessages() http.HandlerFunc {
 			timeout = maxLongPollTimeout
 		}
 
-		msgs, lastQID, err := hdlr.params.Database.PollMessages(
+		// Register with the broker before reading the queue.
+		// Notify wakes only the channels registered at that
+		// moment, so a message queued after the read below
+		// must find this one there already.
+		waitCh := hdlr.broker.Wait(sessionID)
+		defer hdlr.broker.Remove(sessionID, waitCh)
+
+		msgs, lastQID, err := hdlr.pollMessages(
 			request.Context(), clientID,
 			afterID, pollMessageLimit,
 		)
@@ -811,19 +848,22 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) HandleGetMessages() http.HandlerFunc {
 
 		hdlr.longPoll(
 			writer, request,
-			sessionID, clientID, afterID, timeout,
+			waitCh, clientID, afterID, timeout,
 		)
 	}
 }
 
+// longPoll waits up to timeout seconds for the broker to
+// signal waitCh, then answers with the messages queued for
+// clientID after afterID. It answers nothing if the client
+// goes away first.
 func (hdlr *Handlers) longPoll(
 	writer http.ResponseWriter,
 	request *http.Request,
-	sessionID, clientID, afterID int64,
+	waitCh <-chan struct{},
+	clientID, afterID int64,
 	timeout int,
 ) {
-	waitCh := hdlr.broker.Wait(sessionID)
-
 	timer := time.NewTimer(
 		time.Duration(timeout) * time.Second,
 	)
@@ -834,14 +874,10 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) longPoll(
 	case <-waitCh:
 	case <-timer.C:
 	case <-request.Context().Done():
-		hdlr.broker.Remove(sessionID, waitCh)
-
 		return
 	}
 
-	hdlr.broker.Remove(sessionID, waitCh)
+	msgs, lastQID, err := hdlr.pollMessages(
-
-	msgs, lastQID, err := hdlr.params.Database.PollMessages(
 		request.Context(), clientID,
 		afterID, pollMessageLimit,
 	)
@@ -1221,9 +1257,11 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleChannelMsg(
 ) {
 	ctx := request.Context()
 
-	// Delegate validation + fan-out to service layer.
+	// Delegate validation + fan-out to service layer. The
-	dbID, uuid, err := hdlr.svc.SendChannelMessage(
+	// fan-out includes the sender's own session, so all
-		ctx, sessionID, nick,
+	// their clients see the message in long-poll responses.
+	uuid, err := hdlr.svc.SendChannelMessage(
+		ctx, sessionID, 0, nick,
 		command, target, body, meta,
 	)
 	if hdlr.handleServiceError(
@@ -1233,13 +1271,6 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleChannelMsg(
 		return
 	}
 
-	// HTTP echo: enqueue to sender so all their clients
-	// see the message in long-poll responses.
-	_ = hdlr.params.Database.EnqueueToSession(
-		ctx, sessionID, dbID,
-	)
-	hdlr.broker.Notify(sessionID)
-
 	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request,
 		map[string]string{"id": uuid, statusKey: "sent"},
 		http.StatusOK)
@@ -1254,7 +1285,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleDirectMsg(
 	meta json.RawMessage,
 ) {
 	result, err := hdlr.svc.SendDirectMessage(
-		request.Context(), sessionID, nick,
+		request.Context(), sessionID, 0, nick,
 		command, target, body, meta,
 	)
 	if hdlr.handleServiceError(
@@ -1325,7 +1356,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) executeJoin(
 	nick, channel, suppliedKey string,
 ) {
 	result, err := hdlr.svc.JoinChannel(
-		request.Context(), sessionID, nick,
+		request.Context(), sessionID, 0, nick,
 		channel, suppliedKey,
 	)
 	if hdlr.handleServiceError(
@@ -1509,7 +1540,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handlePart(
 	}
 
 	err := hdlr.svc.PartChannel(
-		request.Context(), sessionID,
+		request.Context(), sessionID, 0,
 		nick, channel, reason,
 	)
 	if hdlr.handleServiceError(
@@ -1580,7 +1611,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) executeNickChange(
 	nick, newNick string,
 ) {
 	err := hdlr.svc.ChangeNick(
-		request.Context(), sessionID, nick, newNick,
+		request.Context(), sessionID, 0, nick, newNick,
 	)
 	if hdlr.handleServiceError(
 		writer, request,
@@ -1635,7 +1666,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleTopic(
 	topic := strings.Join(lines, " ")
 
 	err := hdlr.svc.SetTopic(
-		request.Context(), sessionID,
+		request.Context(), sessionID, 0,
 		nick, channel, topic,
 	)
 	if hdlr.handleServiceError(
@@ -2121,7 +2152,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) applyUserMode(
 
 	modeText := modeArgs[0] + " " + targetNick
 	hdlr.svc.BroadcastMode(
-		request.Context(), nick, channel, chID,
+		request.Context(), 0, nick, channel, chID,
 		modeText,
 	)
 
@@ -2167,7 +2198,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) setChannelFlag(
 	}
 
 	hdlr.svc.BroadcastMode(
-		request.Context(), nick, channel, chID,
+		request.Context(), 0, nick, channel, chID,
 		modeStr,
 	)
 
@@ -3614,7 +3645,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleKick(
 	}
 
 	err := hdlr.svc.KickUser(
-		request.Context(), sessionID, nick,
+		request.Context(), sessionID, 0, nick,
 		channel, targetNick, reason,
 	)
 	if hdlr.handleServiceError(
@@ -3687,7 +3718,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) fanOut(
 
 	for _, sid := range sessionIDs {
 		enqErr := hdlr.params.Database.EnqueueToSession(
-			request.Context(), sid, dbID,
+			request.Context(), sid, dbID, 0,
 		)
 		if enqErr != nil {
 			hdlr.log.Error("enqueue failed",

internal/handlers/export_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/db"
+)
+
+// SetPollMessages makes HandleGetMessages read the client
+// output queue with poll in place of Database.PollMessages.
+func (hdlr *Handlers) SetPollMessages(
+	poll func(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		clientID, afterQueueID int64,
+		limit int,
+	) ([]db.IRCMessage, int64, error),
+) {
+	hdlr.pollMessages = poll
+}

internal/handlers/handlers.go

@@ -64,6 +64,16 @@ type Handlers struct {
 	loginLimiter  *ratelimit.Limiter
 	stats         *stats.Tracker
 	cancelCleanup context.CancelFunc
+
+	// pollMessages is Database.PollMessages, with which
+	// HandleGetMessages reads the client output queue. Tests
+	// replace it to act just after a read, or to make a read
+	// fail.
+	pollMessages func(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		clientID, afterQueueID int64,
+		limit int,
+	) ([]db.IRCMessage, int64, error)
 }
 
 // New creates a new Handlers instance.
@@ -95,6 +105,7 @@ func New(
 		hashcashVal:  hashcash.NewValidator(resource),
 		loginLimiter: ratelimit.New(loginRate, loginBurst),
 		stats:        params.Stats,
+		pollMessages: params.Database.PollMessages,
 	}
 
 	lifecycle.Append(fx.Hook{

internal/handlers/utility_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-//nolint:paralleltest // global viper, as in api_test.go
 package handlers_test
 
 import (
@@ -72,6 +71,8 @@ func numericBody(
 }
 
 func TestUserhost(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
 	tserver := newTestServer(t)
 
 	token := tserver.createSession("alice")
@@ -109,6 +110,8 @@ func TestUserhost(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestVersionAdminInfoTime(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
 	tserver := newTestServer(t)
 
 	token := tserver.createSession("frank")
@@ -147,6 +150,8 @@ func TestVersionAdminInfoTime(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestKill(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
 	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
 
 	victimToken := tserver.createSession("victim")
@@ -213,6 +218,8 @@ func TestKill(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestWallops(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
 	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
 
 	receiverToken := tserver.createSession("receiver")
@@ -258,6 +265,8 @@ func TestWallops(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUserMode(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
 	const (
 		nick  = "alice"
 		other = "other"

internal/hashcash/hashcash.go

@@ -77,9 +77,13 @@ func NewValidator(resource string) *Validator {
 	return validator
 }
 
-// Validate checks a hashcash stamp. It returns nil if the
+// Check returns nil if requiredBits is not positive, or if
-// stamp is valid and has not been seen before.
+// the stamp is a well-formed, recently dated proof of work
-func (v *Validator) Validate(
+// for this resource with at least requiredBits. It does not
+// look at or change the set of spent stamps, so a request
+// can check its stamp first and Claim it after its other
+// checks.
+func (v *Validator) Check(
 	stamp string,
 	requiredBits int,
 ) error {
@@ -87,9 +91,49 @@ func (v *Validator) Validate(
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	_, err := v.check(stamp, requiredBits)
+
+	return err
+}
+
+// Claim checks the stamp as Check does and, when
+// requiredBits is positive, records it as spent until it
+// expires. It returns an error if the stamp is already
+// spent. Release gives a claimed stamp back.
+func (v *Validator) Claim(
+	stamp string,
+	requiredBits int,
+) error {
+	if requiredBits <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	stampTime, err := v.check(stamp, requiredBits)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return v.checkAndRecordStamp(stamp, stampTime)
+}
+
+// Release forgets a claimed stamp so that it can be claimed
+// again, for a request that failed after its Claim.
+// Releasing a stamp that is not claimed does nothing.
+func (v *Validator) Release(stamp string) {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	defer v.mu.Unlock()
+
+	delete(v.spent, stamp)
+}
+
+// check returns the stamp's date if Check accepts it.
+func (v *Validator) check(
+	stamp string,
+	requiredBits int,
+) (time.Time, error) {
 	parts := strings.Split(stamp, ":")
 	if len(parts) != stampFields {
-		return fmt.Errorf(
+		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf(
 			"%w: expected %d, got %d",
 			errInvalidFields, stampFields, len(parts),
 		)
@@ -104,25 +148,25 @@ func (v *Validator) Validate(
 		version, bitsStr, resource, requiredBits,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return time.Time{}, err
 	}
 
 	stampTime, err := parseStampDate(dateStr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return time.Time{}, err
 	}
 
 	err = validateTime(stampTime)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return time.Time{}, err
 	}
 
 	err = validateProof(stamp, requiredBits)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return time.Time{}, err
 	}
 
-	return v.checkAndRecordStamp(stamp, stampTime)
+	return stampTime, nil
 }
 
 func (v *Validator) validateHeader(

internal/hashcash/hashcash_test.go

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func TestMintAndValidate(t *testing.T) {
 		t, testBits, "test-resource", todayDate(),
 	)
 
-	err := validator.Validate(stamp, testBits)
+	err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("valid stamp rejected: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -99,17 +99,74 @@ func TestReplayDetection(t *testing.T) {
 		t, testBits, "test-resource", todayDate(),
 	)
 
-	err := validator.Validate(stamp, testBits)
+	err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("first use failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	err = validator.Validate(stamp, testBits)
+	err = validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("replay not detected")
 	}
 }
 
+// TestCheckDoesNotSpendStamp checks that a stamp Check
+// accepts can still be claimed, and only once, and that
+// Check still accepts it once it is spent.
+func TestCheckDoesNotSpendStamp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	validator := hashcash.NewValidator("test-resource")
+	stamp := mintStampWithDate(
+		t, testBits, "test-resource", todayDate(),
+	)
+
+	for range 2 {
+		err := validator.Check(stamp, testBits)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("valid stamp rejected: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("claim after check failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("replay not detected")
+	}
+
+	err = validator.Check(stamp, testBits)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("spent stamp rejected by Check: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestReleasedStampCanBeClaimedAgain checks that Release
+// gives a claimed stamp back.
+func TestReleasedStampCanBeClaimedAgain(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	validator := hashcash.NewValidator("test-resource")
+	stamp := mintStampWithDate(
+		t, testBits, "test-resource", todayDate(),
+	)
+
+	err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first claim failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	validator.Release(stamp)
+
+	err = validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("claim after release failed: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestResourceMismatch(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -118,7 +175,7 @@ func TestResourceMismatch(t *testing.T) {
 		t, testBits, "wrong-resource", todayDate(),
 	)
 
-	err := validator.Validate(stamp, testBits)
+	err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected resource mismatch error")
 	}
@@ -129,7 +186,7 @@ func TestInvalidStampFormat(t *testing.T) {
 
 	validator := hashcash.NewValidator("test-resource")
 
-	err := validator.Validate(
+	err := validator.Claim(
 		"not:a:valid:stamp", testBits,
 	)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -146,7 +203,7 @@ func TestBadVersion(t *testing.T) {
 		testBits, todayDate(), "test-resource",
 	)
 
-	err := validator.Validate(stamp, testBits)
+	err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected bad version error")
 	}
@@ -162,7 +219,7 @@ func TestInsufficientDifficulty(t *testing.T) {
 		todayDate(), "test-resource",
 	)
 
-	err := validator.Validate(stamp, testBits)
+	err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected insufficient bits error")
 	}
@@ -178,7 +235,7 @@ func TestExpiredStamp(t *testing.T) {
 		t, testBits, "test-resource", oldDate,
 	)
 
-	err := validator.Validate(stamp, testBits)
+	err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected expired stamp error")
 	}
@@ -189,9 +246,14 @@ func TestZeroBitsSkipsValidation(t *testing.T) {
 
 	validator := hashcash.NewValidator("test-resource")
 
-	err := validator.Validate("garbage", 0)
+	err := validator.Check("garbage", 0)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("zero bits should skip: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("zero bits should skip the check: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = validator.Claim("garbage", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("zero bits should skip the claim: %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -204,7 +266,7 @@ func TestLongDateFormat(t *testing.T) {
 		t, testBits, "test-resource", longDate,
 	)
 
-	err := validator.Validate(stamp, testBits)
+	err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("long date stamp rejected: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -219,7 +281,7 @@ func TestBadDateFormat(t *testing.T) {
 		testBits, "test-resource",
 	)
 
-	err := validator.Validate(stamp, testBits)
+	err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected bad date error")
 	}
@@ -235,7 +297,7 @@ func TestMultipleUniqueStamps(t *testing.T) {
 			t, testBits, "test-resource", todayDate(),
 		)
 
-		err := validator.Validate(stamp, testBits)
+		err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("unique stamp rejected: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -251,7 +313,7 @@ func TestHigherBitsStillValid(t *testing.T) {
 		t, 4, "test-resource", todayDate(),
 	)
 
-	err := validator.Validate(stamp, testBits)
+	err := validator.Claim(stamp, testBits)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf(
 			"higher-difficulty stamp rejected: %v",

internal/ircserver/commands.go

@@ -81,10 +81,10 @@ func (c *Conn) handleNick(
 	}
 
 	oldMask := c.hostmask()
-	oldNick := c.nick
+	oldNick := c.currentNick()
 
 	err := c.svc.ChangeNick(
-		ctx, c.sessionID, oldNick, newNick,
+		ctx, c.sessionID, c.clientID, oldNick, newNick,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.sendIRCError(err)
@@ -92,9 +92,10 @@ func (c *Conn) handleNick(
 		return
 	}
 
-	c.mu.Lock()
+	// Take the nick the session holds, not newNick: another
-	c.nick = newNick
+	// client of the session may have changed it again since
-	c.mu.Unlock()
+	// ChangeNick stored newNick.
+	c.loadSessionNick(ctx)
 
 	// Echo NICK change to the client on wire.
 	c.send(FormatMessage(oldMask, "NICK", newNick))
@@ -128,8 +129,8 @@ func (c *Conn) handlePrivmsg(
 	body, _ := json.Marshal([]string{text}) //nolint:errchkjson
 
 	if strings.HasPrefix(target, "#") {
-		_, _, err := c.svc.SendChannelMessage(
+		_, err := c.svc.SendChannelMessage(
-			ctx, c.sessionID, c.nick,
+			ctx, c.sessionID, c.clientID, c.currentNick(),
 			msg.Command, target, body, nil,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ func (c *Conn) handlePrivmsg(
 		}
 	} else {
 		result, err := c.svc.SendDirectMessage(
-			ctx, c.sessionID, c.nick,
+			ctx, c.sessionID, c.clientID, c.currentNick(),
 			msg.Command, target, body, nil,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ func (c *Conn) joinChannel(
 	channel, key string,
 ) {
 	result, err := c.svc.JoinChannel(
-		ctx, c.sessionID, c.nick, channel, key,
+		ctx, c.sessionID, c.clientID, c.currentNick(), channel, key,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.sendIRCError(err)
@@ -337,7 +338,7 @@ func (c *Conn) partChannel(
 	channel, reason string,
 ) {
 	err := c.svc.PartChannel(
-		ctx, c.sessionID, c.nick, channel, reason,
+		ctx, c.sessionID, c.clientID, c.currentNick(), channel, reason,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.sendIRCError(err)
@@ -401,7 +402,7 @@ func (c *Conn) handleTopic(
 	newTopic := msg.Params[1]
 
 	err := c.svc.SetTopic(
-		ctx, c.sessionID, c.nick, channel, newTopic,
+		ctx, c.sessionID, c.clientID, c.currentNick(), channel, newTopic,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.sendIRCError(err)
@@ -708,7 +709,7 @@ func (c *Conn) applyChannelModes(
 		c.send(FormatMessage(c.hostmask(), "MODE", params...))
 
 		c.svc.BroadcastMode(
-			ctx, c.nick, channel, chID, modeReply,
+			ctx, c.clientID, c.currentNick(), channel, chID, modeReply,
 		)
 	}
 }
@@ -1185,7 +1186,7 @@ func (c *Conn) handleKick(
 	}
 
 	err := c.svc.KickUser(
-		ctx, c.sessionID, c.nick,
+		ctx, c.sessionID, c.clientID, c.currentNick(),
 		channel, targetNick, reason,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1225,7 +1226,7 @@ func (c *Conn) handlePassPostReg(
 		return
 	}
 
-	c.sendFromServer("NOTICE", c.nick,
+	c.sendFromServer("NOTICE", c.currentNick(),
 		"Password set. You can reconnect using "+
 			"PASS <password> with your nick.",
 	)
@@ -1249,7 +1250,7 @@ func (c *Conn) handleInvite(
 	channel := msg.Params[1]
 
 	targetID, err := c.svc.InviteUser(
-		ctx, c.sessionID, c.nick, targetNick, channel,
+		ctx, c.sessionID, c.currentNick(), targetNick, channel,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.sendIRCError(err)
@@ -1261,14 +1262,13 @@ func (c *Conn) handleInvite(
 		irc.RplInviting, targetNick, channel,
 	)
 
-	// Send INVITE notice to target via service fan-out.
+	// Queue the INVITE to the target with the body the HTTP
-	body, _ := json.Marshal( //nolint:errchkjson
+	// API uses.
-		[]string{"You have been invited to " + channel},
+	body, _ := json.Marshal([]string{channel}) //nolint:errchkjson
-	)
 
 	_, _, _ = c.svc.FanOut( //nolint:dogsled // fire-and-forget broadcast
-		ctx, "INVITE", c.nick, targetNick, targetID, 0,
+		ctx, "INVITE", c.currentNick(), targetNick, targetID, 0,
-		nil, body, nil, []int64{targetID},
+		nil, body, nil, []int64{targetID}, 0,
 	)
 }
 

internal/ircserver/conn.go

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ type Conn struct {
 	registered bool
 	gotNick    bool
 	gotUser    bool
+	gotPass    bool
 	passWord   string
 
 	lastQueueID int64
@@ -312,6 +313,22 @@ func (c *Conn) currentNick() string {
 	return c.nick
 }
 
+// loadSessionNick sets c.nick to the nick the connection's
+// session holds in the database, read by session ID. The
+// connection's own NICK and the relay passing on a NICK line
+// both call it, and it reads and sets the nick under c.mu, so
+// whichever runs last leaves the connection on its session's
+// nick. If the read fails, c.nick is left as it is.
+func (c *Conn) loadSessionNick(ctx context.Context) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	nick, err := c.database.GetSessionNick(ctx, c.sessionID)
+	if err == nil {
+		c.nick = nick
+	}
+}
+
 // send writes a formatted IRC line to the connection.
 func (c *Conn) send(line string) {
 	c.sendWithin(writeTimeout, line)
@@ -344,7 +361,7 @@ func (c *Conn) sendNumeric(
 	code irc.IRCMessageType,
 	params ...string,
 ) {
-	nick := c.nick
+	nick := c.currentNick()
 	if nick == "" {
 		nick = "*"
 	}
@@ -368,9 +385,11 @@ func (c *Conn) sendFromServer(
 // hostmask returns the client's full hostmask
 // (nick!user@host).
 func (c *Conn) hostmask() string {
+	nick := c.currentNick()
+
 	user := c.username
 	if user == "" {
-		user = c.nick
+		user = nick
 	}
 
 	host := c.hostname
@@ -378,7 +397,7 @@ func (c *Conn) hostmask() string {
 		host = c.remoteIP
 	}
 
-	return c.nick + "!" + user + "@" + host
+	return nick + "!" + user + "@" + host
 }
 
 // handleMessage dispatches a parsed IRC message using
@@ -437,6 +456,7 @@ func (c *Conn) handlePreRegistration(
 		}
 
 		c.passWord = msg.Params[0]
+		c.gotPass = true
 	case irc.CmdNick:
 		if len(msg.Params) < 1 {
 			c.sendNumeric(
@@ -556,10 +576,12 @@ func (c *Conn) completeRegistration(ctx context.Context) {
 	c.deliverLusers(ctx)
 	c.deliverMOTD()
 
-	// If PASS was provided before registration, set the
+	// If PASS was given before registration, store its
-	// session password now. A failure to store it is only
+	// password now, after the welcome burst, so that a
-	// logged, as it is for PASS after registration.
+	// NOTICE refusing it reaches a registered client. A
-	if c.passWord != "" && c.checkPasswordLength(c.passWord) {
+	// failure to store it is only logged, as it is for PASS
+	// after registration.
+	if c.gotPass && c.checkPasswordLength(c.passWord) {
 		_ = c.setPassword(ctx, c.passWord)
 	}
 
@@ -653,7 +675,7 @@ func (c *Conn) checkPasswordLength(pw string) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	c.sendFromServer("NOTICE", c.nick,
+	c.sendFromServer("NOTICE", c.currentNick(),
 		"Password must be 8 to 72 bytes",
 	)
 

internal/ircserver/export_test.go

@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ func (s *Server) Listener() net.Listener {
 	return s.listener
 }
 
+// Service returns the service the server's connections use.
+func (s *Server) Service() *service.Service {
+	return s.svc
+}
+
 // PingTimes returns how long the server's connections wait
 // with nothing read before they are sent a PING, and after it
 // before they are closed.

internal/ircserver/integration_test.go

@@ -1373,6 +1373,42 @@ func TestIntegrationInviteUserOnChannel(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 }
 
+// TestIntegrationInviteLine checks that an IRC listener user
+// invited by an IRC listener user, and then over the HTTP
+// API, gets an INVITE line from the inviter for the channel
+// each time.
+func TestIntegrationInviteLine(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	alice := env.dial(t)
+	alice.register("alice")
+	alice.joinAndDrain("#inv")
+
+	bob := env.dial(t)
+	bob.register("bob")
+
+	alice.sendAndExpect("INVITE bob #inv", " 341 ")
+
+	got := bob.readLine()
+	want := ":alice!alice@* INVITE bob #inv"
+
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("from the IRC listener: got %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+
+	// The HTTP API queues an INVITE with the channel as its body.
+	env.queueMessage(t, "bob", "INVITE", "carol", "bob", []string{"#inv"})
+
+	got = bob.readLine()
+	want = ":carol!carol@* INVITE bob #inv"
+
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("over the HTTP API: got %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
 // TestIntegrationModeSecretList checks that LIST shows a +s
 // channel only to its members.
 func TestIntegrationModeSecretList(t *testing.T) {

internal/ircserver/relay.go

@@ -27,17 +27,26 @@ func (c *Conn) relayMessages(ctx context.Context) {
 		default:
 		}
 
-		// Drain any available messages.
+		// Register with the broker before draining, so that a
-		delivered := c.drainQueue(ctx)
+		// message queued after the drain has read the queue
+		// still signals waitCh.
+		waitCh := c.brk.Wait(c.sessionID)
+
+		// Drain any available messages. The drain ignores the
+		// cancel that comes when the connection ends, because a
+		// query cancelled while it runs leaves the SQLite
+		// connection marked broken, and the pool closes it. The
+		// loop still stops on ctx.
+		delivered := c.drainQueue(context.WithoutCancel(ctx))
 
 		if delivered {
+			c.brk.Remove(c.sessionID, waitCh)
+
 			// Tight loop while there are messages.
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// Wait for notification or timeout.
-		waitCh := c.brk.Wait(c.sessionID)
-
 		select {
 		case <-waitCh:
 			// New message notification — loop back.
@@ -87,7 +96,7 @@ func (c *Conn) drainQueue(ctx context.Context) bool {
 //
 //nolint:cyclop // dispatch table
 func (c *Conn) deliverIRCMessage(
-	_ context.Context,
+	ctx context.Context,
 	msg *db.IRCMessage,
 ) {
 	command := msg.Command
@@ -115,7 +124,7 @@ func (c *Conn) deliverIRCMessage(
 	case command == irc.CmdPart:
 		c.deliverPart(msg, text)
 	case command == irc.CmdNick:
-		c.deliverNickChange(msg, text)
+		c.deliverNickChange(ctx, msg, text)
 	case command == irc.CmdQuit:
 		c.deliverQuitMsg(msg, text)
 	case command == irc.CmdTopic:
@@ -193,15 +202,6 @@ func (c *Conn) deliverTextMessage(
 	from := msg.From
 	target := msg.To
 
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	nick := c.nick
-	c.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Don't echo our own messages back.
-	if from == nick {
-		return
-	}
-
 	prefix := from
 	if !strings.Contains(prefix, "!") {
 		prefix = from + "!" + from + "@*"
@@ -214,16 +214,6 @@ func (c *Conn) deliverTextMessage(
 
 // deliverJoin sends a JOIN notification.
 func (c *Conn) deliverJoin(msg *db.IRCMessage) {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	nick := c.nick
-	c.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Don't echo our own JOINs (we already sent them
-	// during joinChannel).
-	if msg.From == nick {
-		return
-	}
-
 	prefix := msg.From + "!" + msg.From + "@*"
 	channel := msg.To
 
@@ -232,14 +222,6 @@ func (c *Conn) deliverJoin(msg *db.IRCMessage) {
 
 // deliverPart sends a PART notification.
 func (c *Conn) deliverPart(msg *db.IRCMessage, text string) {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	nick := c.nick
-	c.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if msg.From == nick {
-		return
-	}
-
 	prefix := msg.From + "!" + msg.From + "@*"
 	channel := msg.To
 
@@ -252,18 +234,17 @@ func (c *Conn) deliverPart(msg *db.IRCMessage, text string) {
 	}
 }
 
-// deliverNickChange sends a NICK change notification.
+// deliverNickChange sends a NICK change notification. The
+// change may be its own session's, made from another client,
+// so the connection first takes the nick its session holds
+// now. It does not go by the line's old nick: the connection
+// may have taken that nick after another user gave it up.
 func (c *Conn) deliverNickChange(
+	ctx context.Context,
 	msg *db.IRCMessage,
 	newNick string,
 ) {
-	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.loadSessionNick(ctx)
-	nick := c.nick
-	c.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if msg.From == nick {
-		return
-	}
 
 	prefix := msg.From + "!" + msg.From + "@*"
 
@@ -275,14 +256,6 @@ func (c *Conn) deliverQuitMsg(
 	msg *db.IRCMessage,
 	text string,
 ) {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	nick := c.nick
-	c.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if msg.From == nick {
-		return
-	}
-
 	prefix := msg.From + "!" + msg.From + "@*"
 
 	if text != "" {
@@ -335,16 +308,24 @@ func (c *Conn) deliverKickMsg(
 	}
 }
 
-// deliverInviteMsg sends an INVITE notification.
+// deliverInviteMsg sends an INVITE line from the inviter
+// for the channel named in text, or nothing when text names
+// no channel.
 func (c *Conn) deliverInviteMsg(
-	_ *db.IRCMessage,
+	msg *db.IRCMessage,
 	text string,
 ) {
+	if text == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
 	c.mu.Lock()
 	nick := c.nick
 	c.mu.Unlock()
 
-	c.sendFromServer("NOTICE", nick, text)
+	prefix := msg.From + "!" + msg.From + "@*"
+
+	c.send(FormatMessage(prefix, "INVITE", nick, text))
 }
 
 // deliverWallops sends a WALLOPS notification.

internal/ircserver/relay_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package ircserver_test
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/ircserver"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/service"
 )
 
 // queueMessage queues a message for the user with nick
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ func (env *testEnv) queueMessage(
 		t.Fatalf("get session of %s: %v", recipient, err)
 	}
 
-	err = env.database.EnqueueToSession(ctx, sessionID, msgID)
+	err = env.database.EnqueueToSession(ctx, sessionID, msgID, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("enqueue: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -47,14 +49,13 @@ func (env *testEnv) queueMessage(
 	env.brk.Notify(sessionID)
 }
 
-// TestRelayKeepsOneWaitChannel checks that an idle IRC
+// TestRelayKeepsOneWaitChannel checks that an IRC listener
-// listener connection holds at most one broker wait channel
+// connection holds at most one broker wait channel across
-// across several relay ticks, and none once it closes.
+// several relay ticks, both while idle and after the relay
+// has delivered it a message, and none once it closes.
 func TestRelayKeepsOneWaitChannel(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	const idleTicks = 5
-
 	env := newTestEnv(t)
 
 	client := env.dial(t)
@@ -65,15 +66,17 @@ func TestRelayKeepsOneWaitChannel(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("get session of idle: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	for tick := range idleTicks {
+	env.checkOneWaitChannel(t, sessionID)
-		time.Sleep(ircserver.PollInterval)
 
-		got := env.brk.ListenerCount(sessionID)
+	env.queueMessage(
-		if got > 1 {
+		t, "idle", "PRIVMSG", "carol", "idle", []string{"hello"},
-			t.Fatalf("tick %d: got %d wait channels, want at most 1",
+	)
-				tick+1, got)
+
-		}
+	client.readUntil(func(l string) bool {
-	}
+		return strings.Contains(l, "hello")
+	})
+
+	env.checkOneWaitChannel(t, sessionID)
 
 	err = client.conn.Close()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -92,6 +95,28 @@ func TestRelayKeepsOneWaitChannel(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// checkOneWaitChannel fails the test if the session
+// sessionID holds more than one broker wait channel at any of
+// several relay ticks.
+func (env *testEnv) checkOneWaitChannel(
+	t *testing.T,
+	sessionID int64,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	const ticks = 5
+
+	for tick := range ticks {
+		time.Sleep(ircserver.PollInterval)
+
+		got := env.brk.ListenerCount(sessionID)
+		if got > 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("tick %d: got %d wait channels, want at most 1",
+				tick+1, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // TestRelayMultiLineBody checks that each line of a PRIVMSG
 // or NOTICE body sent over the HTTP API reaches an IRC
 // listener user as its own line.
@@ -188,6 +213,38 @@ func TestRelayModeParameters(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestRelayInviteWithoutChannel checks that an INVITE whose
+// body names no channel sends the invited IRC listener user
+// no INVITE line.
+func TestRelayInviteWithoutChannel(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	bob := env.dial(t)
+	bob.register("bob")
+
+	// A nil body is stored as JSON null, which is not an array.
+	for _, body := range [][]string{nil, {}, {""}} {
+		env.queueMessage(t, "bob", "INVITE", "carol", "bob", body)
+	}
+
+	// The relay sends a user's queue in order, so this arrives
+	// after anything sent for the INVITEs above.
+	env.queueMessage(t, "bob", "PRIVMSG", "carol", "bob",
+		[]string{"the end"})
+
+	lines := bob.readUntil(func(l string) bool {
+		return strings.HasSuffix(l, " :the end")
+	})
+
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		if strings.Contains(line, " INVITE ") {
+			t.Errorf("got %q, want no INVITE line", line)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // TestRelayLineBreaks checks that a CR, LF or NUL in a stored
 // body line, key or mask never reaches an IRC listener user
 // as a line break, so no extra line arrives, and that a body
@@ -269,3 +326,372 @@ func TestRelayNickDiffersOnlyInCase(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestRelayOwnChangeOnce checks that an IRC listener user who
+// sets a topic, changes a channel mode or kicks gets one TOPIC,
+// MODE or KICK line for it, and so does the other member.
+func TestRelayOwnChangeOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	for _, step := range []struct {
+		command, line string
+	}{
+		{"TOPIC", "TOPIC #dup :new topic"},
+		{"MODE", "MODE #dup +m"},
+		{"KICK", "KICK #dup carl :bye"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(step.command, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+			alice := env.dial(t)
+			alice.register("alice")
+			alice.joinAndDrain("#dup")
+
+			carl := env.dial(t)
+			carl.register("carl")
+			carl.joinAndDrain("#dup")
+
+			alice.send(step.line)
+
+			// The reply to alice's next command comes after her
+			// command has finished, so her own copy comes before it.
+			beforePong := alice.sendAndExpect("PING :done", "PONG")
+
+			// The relay sends a user's queue in order, so a message
+			// queued now arrives after any relayed copy.
+			for nick, client := range map[string]*testClient{
+				"alice": alice, "carl": carl,
+			} {
+				env.queueMessage(
+					t, nick, "PRIVMSG", "dave", nick,
+					[]string{"after the change"},
+				)
+
+				lines := client.readUntil(func(l string) bool {
+					return strings.HasSuffix(l, " :after the change")
+				})
+
+				if client == alice {
+					lines = slices.Concat(beforePong, lines)
+				}
+
+				var changes []string
+
+				for _, line := range lines {
+					if strings.Contains(line, " "+step.command+" #dup ") {
+						changes = append(changes, line)
+					}
+				}
+
+				if len(changes) != 1 {
+					t.Errorf("%s got %q, want one %s line",
+						nick, changes, step.command)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRelayOwnSessionOnce checks that a command a user makes
+// from one client of their session reaches each of the
+// session's clients once: an IRC listener connection and an
+// HTTP API client. The connection that sent a command gets
+// only its own echo, and none for PRIVMSG and NOTICE, which
+// IRC does not echo.
+//
+//nolint:funlen // table-driven test
+func TestRelayOwnSessionOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	hello := json.RawMessage(`["hello"]`)
+
+	for _, step := range []struct {
+		// line is the command as alice sends it on the IRC
+		// listener.
+		line string
+		// api makes the same command for her session the way
+		// the HTTP API does.
+		api func(
+			ctx context.Context, svc *service.Service, sessionID int64,
+		) error
+		// echoes is how many copies alice's connection gets of
+		// line when it sends line itself.
+		echoes int
+	}{
+		{"PRIVMSG #chan :hello", func(
+			ctx context.Context, svc *service.Service, sessionID int64,
+		) error {
+			_, err := svc.SendChannelMessage(
+				ctx, sessionID, 0, "alice", "PRIVMSG", "#chan", hello, nil,
+			)
+
+			return err
+		}, 0},
+		{"NOTICE bob :hello", func(
+			ctx context.Context, svc *service.Service, sessionID int64,
+		) error {
+			_, err := svc.SendDirectMessage(
+				ctx, sessionID, 0, "alice", "NOTICE", "bob", hello, nil,
+			)
+
+			return err
+		}, 0},
+		{"JOIN #other", func(
+			ctx context.Context, svc *service.Service, sessionID int64,
+		) error {
+			_, err := svc.JoinChannel(ctx, sessionID, 0, "alice", "#other", "")
+
+			return err
+		}, 1},
+		{"PART #chan :bye", func(
+			ctx context.Context, svc *service.Service, sessionID int64,
+		) error {
+			return svc.PartChannel(ctx, sessionID, 0, "alice", "#chan", "bye")
+		}, 1},
+		{"NICK alice2", func(
+			ctx context.Context, svc *service.Service, sessionID int64,
+		) error {
+			return svc.ChangeNick(ctx, sessionID, 0, "alice", "alice2")
+		}, 1},
+		{"TOPIC #chan :new topic", func(
+			ctx context.Context, svc *service.Service, sessionID int64,
+		) error {
+			return svc.SetTopic(
+				ctx, sessionID, 0, "alice", "#chan", "new topic",
+			)
+		}, 1},
+		{"MODE #chan +m", func(
+			ctx context.Context, svc *service.Service, sessionID int64,
+		) error {
+			chID, err := svc.ValidateChannelOp(ctx, sessionID, "#chan")
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			err = svc.SetChannelFlag(ctx, chID, 'm', true)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			svc.BroadcastMode(ctx, 0, "alice", "#chan", chID, "+m")
+
+			return nil
+		}, 1},
+		{"KICK #chan bob :bye", func(
+			ctx context.Context, svc *service.Service, sessionID int64,
+		) error {
+			return svc.KickUser(
+				ctx, sessionID, 0, "alice", "#chan", "bob", "bye",
+			)
+		}, 1},
+	} {
+		command := strings.Fields(step.line)[0]
+
+		t.Run(command+" from IRC", func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			ircCopies, httpCopies := ownSessionCopies(t, step.line, nil)
+			if ircCopies != step.echoes || httpCopies != 1 {
+				t.Errorf("connection got %d, HTTP client got %d, want %d and 1",
+					ircCopies, httpCopies, step.echoes)
+			}
+		})
+
+		t.Run(command+" from the HTTP API", func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			ircCopies, httpCopies := ownSessionCopies(t, step.line, step.api)
+			if ircCopies != 1 || httpCopies != 1 {
+				t.Errorf("connection got %d, HTTP client got %d, want 1 and 1",
+					ircCopies, httpCopies)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// ownSessionCopies sets up alice with aliceWithHTTPClient. It
+// makes the command line from her connection, or with api from
+// the HTTP API client when api is not nil, and returns how many
+// copies of it her connection and her HTTP API client got.
+func ownSessionCopies(
+	t *testing.T,
+	line string,
+	api func(ctx context.Context, svc *service.Service, sessionID int64) error,
+) (int, int) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+	alice, _, sessionID, httpClientID := aliceWithHTTPClient(t, env)
+
+	var lines []string
+
+	if api == nil {
+		alice.send(line)
+
+		// Her echo comes before the reply to her next command.
+		lines = alice.sendAndExpect("PING :done", "PONG")
+	} else {
+		err := api(ctx, env.srv.Service(), sessionID)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s over the HTTP API: %v", line, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	msgs, _, err := env.database.PollMessages(ctx, httpClientID, 0, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("poll the HTTP API client: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	httpCopies := 0
+
+	for _, msg := range msgs {
+		if msg.Command == strings.Fields(line)[0] {
+			httpCopies++
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The relay sends a queue in order, so this arrives after any
+	// copy. It is queued by session, as NICK changes her nick.
+	endID, _, err := env.database.InsertMessage(
+		ctx, "PRIVMSG", "dave", "alice", 0, 0,
+		nil, json.RawMessage(`["the end"]`), nil,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("insert message: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = env.database.EnqueueToSession(ctx, sessionID, endID, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("enqueue: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	env.brk.Notify(sessionID)
+
+	lines = append(lines, alice.readUntil(func(l string) bool {
+		return strings.HasSuffix(l, " :the end")
+	})...)
+
+	// A copy starts with the command and its first parameter.
+	start := " " + strings.Join(strings.Fields(line)[:2], " ")
+	ircCopies := strings.Count(strings.Join(lines, "\n"), start)
+
+	return ircCopies, httpCopies
+}
+
+// aliceWithHTTPClient connects alice to the IRC listener and
+// has her join #chan, which bob is on too, then adds an HTTP API
+// client to her session with the password her connection set,
+// as POST /api/v1/login does. It returns her connection, bob's
+// connection, her session and her HTTP API client.
+func aliceWithHTTPClient(
+	t *testing.T, env *testEnv,
+) (*testClient, *testClient, int64, int64) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	const password = "alicepass"
+
+	alice := env.dial(t)
+	alice.send("PASS " + password)
+	alice.register("alice")
+	// Registration stores the password before the JOIN runs.
+	alice.joinAndDrain("#chan")
+
+	bob := env.dial(t)
+	bob.register("bob")
+	bob.joinAndDrain("#chan")
+
+	sessionID, httpClientID, _, err := env.database.LoginUser(
+		t.Context(), "alice", password, "127.0.0.1", "localhost",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("log in as alice: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return alice, bob, sessionID, httpClientID
+}
+
+// TestRelayNickChangeFromHTTPAPI checks that once alice's nick
+// is changed from her HTTP API client, her IRC listener
+// connection uses the new nick: what she then sends from it
+// reaches bob under the new nick.
+func TestRelayNickChangeFromHTTPAPI(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+	alice, bob, sessionID, _ := aliceWithHTTPClient(t, env)
+
+	bob.joinAndDrain("#other")
+
+	// As the HTTP API does.
+	err := env.srv.Service().ChangeNick(
+		t.Context(), sessionID, 0, "alice", "alice2",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("change nick over the HTTP API: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Her connection has taken the new nick once it has sent her
+	// the change.
+	const change = ":alice!alice@* NICK alice2"
+
+	alice.readUntil(func(l string) bool { return l == change })
+	bob.readUntil(func(l string) bool { return l == change })
+
+	for _, step := range []struct {
+		line, want string
+	}{
+		{"PRIVMSG #chan :hi there", ":alice2!alice2@* PRIVMSG #chan :hi there"},
+		{"JOIN #other", ":alice2!alice2@* JOIN #other"},
+		{"NICK alice3", ":alice2!alice2@* NICK alice3"},
+	} {
+		alice.send(step.line)
+
+		got := bob.readLine()
+		if got != step.want {
+			t.Errorf("%s: got %q, want %q", step.line, got, step.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRelayNickChangeKeepsTakenNick checks that an IRC
+// listener connection which takes a nick another user has
+// given up keeps it when that user's change reaches it
+// afterwards: what it then sends goes out under the nick its
+// session holds.
+func TestRelayNickChangeKeepsTakenNick(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	bob := env.dial(t)
+	bob.register("bob")
+	bob.sendAndExpect("NICK bob2", " NICK bob2")
+
+	alice := env.dial(t)
+	alice.register("alice")
+	alice.sendAndExpect("NICK bob", " NICK bob")
+	alice.joinAndDrain("#chan")
+
+	bob.joinAndDrain("#chan")
+
+	// Bob's change reaches alice only now, as it does when she
+	// takes his old nick before her connection has passed the
+	// change on. She holds bob now, so it is queued to bob.
+	env.queueMessage(t, "bob", "NICK", "bob", "", []string{"bob2"})
+
+	alice.readUntil(func(l string) bool {
+		return l == ":bob!bob@* NICK bob2"
+	})
+
+	alice.send("PRIVMSG #chan :hi there")
+
+	const want = ":bob!bob@* PRIVMSG #chan :hi there"
+
+	got := bob.readLine()
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}

internal/ircserver/server_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package ircserver_test
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
 	"database/sql"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -20,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/broker"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/config"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/db"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/dbtest"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/globals"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/ircserver"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/logger"
@@ -107,14 +107,7 @@ func newTestEnvWithResolver(
 ) *testEnv {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	// A random name, so that no other test environment, not
+	conn, err := sql.Open("sqlite", dbtest.NewURL(t))
-	// even an earlier run of the same test, can share it.
-	dsn := fmt.Sprintf(
-		"file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared",
-		rand.Text(),
-	)
-
-	conn, err := sql.Open("sqlite", dsn)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("open db: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -645,8 +638,6 @@ func TestNewPingTimes(t *testing.T) {
 func TestIdleCleanupKeepsActiveUser(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	const idleTimeout = 500 * time.Millisecond
-
 	env := newTestEnv(t)
 
 	active := env.dial(t)
@@ -655,13 +646,17 @@ func TestIdleCleanupKeepsActiveUser(t *testing.T) {
 	idle := env.dial(t)
 	idle.register("idle")
 
-	time.Sleep(idleTimeout)
+	// Both users were last seen before cutoff, and only active
+	// sends a command after it, so the result does not depend
+	// on how long the PONG takes to arrive.
+	cutoff := time.Now()
+
 	active.sendAndExpect("PING :still here", "PONG")
 
 	// The idle cleanup in internal/handlers removes exactly
 	// the users this returns.
 	stale, err := env.database.GetStaleOrphanSessions(
-		t.Context(), time.Now().Add(-idleTimeout),
+		t.Context(), cutoff,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("get stale sessions: %v", err)
@@ -1158,47 +1153,91 @@ func TestHandlePassPostRegistration(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 }
 
-// maxPasswordBytes is the longest password bcrypt can hash.
+// The shortest and longest password PASS accepts; bcrypt
-const maxPasswordBytes = 72
+// cannot hash more than 72 bytes.
+const (
+	minPasswordBytes = 8
+	maxPasswordBytes = 72
+)
 
 // passwordLengthNotice is the NOTICE text for a password that
 // is too short or too long.
 const passwordLengthNotice = "Password must be 8 to 72 bytes"
 
-// assertCanLogin fails the test if nick cannot log in with
+// passwordCase is a password a PASS test sends, and whether
-// password.
+// the server should store it.
-func assertCanLogin(t *testing.T, env *testEnv, nick, password string) {
+type passwordCase struct {
+	name     string
+	password string
+	stored   bool
+}
+
+// passwordCases returns the passwords the PASS length tests
+// send: one of 8 to 72 bytes is stored and any other is
+// refused. The limit counts bytes: "é" is two bytes in UTF-8,
+// so 72 of them are refused.
+func passwordCases() []passwordCase {
+	return []passwordCase{
+		{"empty", "", false},
+		{"7 bytes", strings.Repeat("a", minPasswordBytes-1), false},
+		{"8 bytes", strings.Repeat("a", minPasswordBytes), true},
+		{"72 bytes", strings.Repeat("a", maxPasswordBytes), true},
+		{"73 bytes", strings.Repeat("a", maxPasswordBytes+1), false},
+		{"72 characters", strings.Repeat("é", maxPasswordBytes), false},
+	}
+}
+
+// assertStored fails the test unless nick can log in with
+// password exactly when stored is true.
+func assertStored(
+	t *testing.T, env *testEnv, nick, password string, stored bool,
+) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	_, _, token, err := env.database.LoginUser(
 		t.Context(), nick, password, "127.0.0.1", "localhost",
 	)
-	if err != nil || token == "" {
+
-		t.Errorf("log in as %s: token %q, %v", nick, token, err)
+	loggedIn := err == nil && token != ""
+	if loggedIn != stored {
+		t.Errorf(
+			"log in as %s: logged in %v, want %v (error: %v)",
+			nick, loggedIn, stored, err,
+		)
 	}
 }
 
-// TestPassPostRegistrationLength checks that a PASS over
+// TestPassPostRegistrationLength checks that PASS after
-// maxPasswordBytes after registration is refused with a
+// registration stores and confirms a password of 8 to 72
-// NOTICE, and that one of exactly maxPasswordBytes is stored
+// bytes, and refuses any other with a NOTICE.
-// and confirmed.
 func TestPassPostRegistrationLength(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	for i, tc := range passwordCases() {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			nick := fmt.Sprintf("postpass%d", i)
 			client := env.dial(t)
 
-	client.register("longpass")
+			client.register(nick)
+			client.send("PASS :" + tc.password)
 
-	client.sendAndExpect(
+			// The server answers commands in order, so its
-		"PASS :"+strings.Repeat("a", maxPasswordBytes+1),
+			// reply to PASS comes before the PONG.
-		passwordLengthNotice,
+			lines := client.sendAndExpect("PING :after", "PONG")
-	)
 
-	longest := strings.Repeat("a", maxPasswordBytes)
+			reply := passwordLengthNotice
-	client.sendAndExpect("PASS :"+longest, "Password set")
+			if tc.stored {
+				reply = "Password set"
+			}
 
-	assertCanLogin(t, env, "longpass", longest)
+			assertContains(t, lines, reply, "reply to PASS")
+			assertStored(t, env, nick, tc.password, tc.stored)
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 // TestPassPostRegistrationNotStored checks that PASS is not
@@ -1233,56 +1272,46 @@ func TestPassPostRegistrationNotStored(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TestPassBeforeRegistrationLength checks that a PASS before
-// registration that is too short or too long is refused with
+// registration stores a password of 8 to 72 bytes, and that
-// a NOTICE once registration completes.
+// any other is refused with a NOTICE once registration
+// completes.
 func TestPassBeforeRegistrationLength(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	cases := []struct {
-		nick, password string
-	}{
-		{"preshort", "short"},
-		{"prelong", strings.Repeat("a", maxPasswordBytes+1)},
-	}
-
 	env := newTestEnv(t)
 
-	for _, tc := range cases {
+	for i, tc := range passwordCases() {
-		t.Run(tc.nick, func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 
+			nick := fmt.Sprintf("prepass%d", i)
 			client := env.dial(t)
 
 			client.send("PASS :" + tc.password)
-			client.register(tc.nick)
+			client.register(nick)
 
-			client.readUntil(func(line string) bool {
+			// The password is checked after the welcome
-				return strings.Contains(line, passwordLengthNotice)
+			// burst, which register reads; the PONG comes
-			})
+			// after that.
+			lines := client.sendAndExpect("PING :after", "PONG")
+
+			if tc.stored {
+				assertNotContains(
+					t, lines, passwordLengthNotice,
+					"refusal of a valid password",
+				)
+			} else {
+				assertContains(
+					t, lines, passwordLengthNotice,
+					"refusal after registration",
+				)
+			}
+
+			assertStored(t, env, nick, tc.password, tc.stored)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-// TestPassBeforeRegistrationStored checks that a PASS of
-// exactly maxPasswordBytes before registration is stored.
-func TestPassBeforeRegistrationStored(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	env := newTestEnv(t)
-	client := env.dial(t)
-
-	longest := strings.Repeat("a", maxPasswordBytes)
-
-	client.send("PASS :" + longest)
-	client.register("prestored")
-
-	// The password is stored after the welcome burst; the
-	// PONG comes after that.
-	client.sendAndExpect("PING :after", "PONG")
-
-	assertCanLogin(t, env, "prestored", longest)
-}
-
 func TestPreRegistrationNotRegistered(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 

internal/server/server_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 package server_test
 
 import (
-	"crypto/rand"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/broker"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/config"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/db"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/dbtest"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/globals"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/handlers"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/healthcheck"
@@ -241,10 +241,7 @@ func newApp(
 			stats.New,
 		),
 		fx.Decorate(func(cfg *config.Config) *config.Config {
-			// A random name, so that no other test can share it.
+			cfg.DBURL = dbtest.NewURL(t)
-			cfg.DBURL = fmt.Sprintf(
-				"file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", rand.Text(),
-			)
 			cfg.Port = port
 
 			return cfg

internal/service/service.go

@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ func (s *Service) SendWallops(
 
 	_, _, err = s.FanOut(
 		ctx, irc.CmdWallops, nick, "*", 0, 0,
-		nil, body, nil, recipients,
+		nil, body, nil, recipients, 0,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("wallops: %w", err)
@@ -347,12 +347,19 @@ type DirectMsgResult struct {
 // session IDs, notifying each via the broker. toSessionID
 // and toChannelID are the recipient InsertMessage records
 // for history, 0 when there is none.
+//
+// skipClientID is the client whose queue the message is
+// not added to: the IRC listener connection that sent the
+// command, which has already shown it to its user. The HTTP
+// API passes 0, as its clients see their own commands
+// through their queues.
 func (s *Service) FanOut(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	command, from, to string,
 	toSessionID, toChannelID int64,
 	params, body, meta json.RawMessage,
 	sessionIDs []int64,
+	skipClientID int64,
 ) (int64, string, error) {
 	dbID, msgUUID, err := s.db.InsertMessage(
 		ctx, command, from, to,
@@ -363,66 +370,40 @@ func (s *Service) FanOut(
 	}
 
 	for _, sid := range sessionIDs {
-		_ = s.db.EnqueueToSession(ctx, sid, dbID)
+		_ = s.db.EnqueueToSession(ctx, sid, dbID, skipClientID)
 		s.broker.Notify(sid)
 	}
 
 	return dbID, msgUUID, nil
 }
 
-// excludeSession returns a copy of ids without the given
+// SendChannelMessage checks membership, bans and
-// session.
+// moderation, then the hashcash stamp of a PRIVMSG to a +H
-func excludeSession(
+// channel, then fans out a message to all channel members,
-	ids []int64,
+// the sender's session included, skipping client
-	exclude int64,
+// skipClientID as FanOut does. The stamp is checked after
-) []int64 {
+// the other checks so that a message they refuse does not
-	out := make([]int64, 0, len(ids))
+// spend it. Returns the message UUID and any error.
-
-	for _, id := range ids {
-		if id != exclude {
-			out = append(out, id)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return out
-}
-
-// SendChannelMessage validates the hashcash stamp of a
-// PRIVMSG to a +H channel, membership and moderation, then
-// fans out a message to all channel members except the
-// sender. Returns the database row ID, message UUID, and
-// any error. The dbID lets callers enqueue the same
-// message to the sender when echo is needed (HTTP
-// transport).
 func (s *Service) SendChannelMessage(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	sessionID int64,
+	sessionID, skipClientID int64,
 	nick, command, channel string,
 	body, meta json.RawMessage,
-) (int64, string, error) {
+) (string, error) {
 	noSuchChannel := &IRCError{
 		irc.ErrNoSuchChannel, []string{channel}, msgNoSuchChannel,
 	}
 
 	chID, err := s.db.GetChannelByName(ctx, channel)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, "", noSuchChannel
+		return "", noSuchChannel
-	}
-
-	if command == irc.CmdPrivmsg {
-		err = s.checkChannelHashcash(
-			ctx, chID, channel, body, meta,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, "", err
-		}
 	}
 
 	isMember, _ := s.db.IsChannelMember(
 		ctx, chID, sessionID,
 	)
 	if !isMember {
-		return 0, "", &IRCError{
+		return "", &IRCError{
 			irc.ErrCannotSendToChan,
 			[]string{channel},
 			"Cannot send to channel",
@@ -434,7 +415,7 @@ func (s *Service) SendChannelMessage(
 		ctx, chID, sessionID,
 	)
 	if banErr == nil && isBanned {
-		return 0, "", &IRCError{
+		return "", &IRCError{
 			irc.ErrCannotSendToChan,
 			[]string{channel},
 			"Cannot send to channel (+b)",
@@ -451,7 +432,7 @@ func (s *Service) SendChannelMessage(
 		)
 
 		if !isOp && !isVoiced {
-			return 0, "", &IRCError{
+			return "", &IRCError{
 				irc.ErrCannotSendToChan,
 				[]string{channel},
 				"Cannot send to channel (+m)",
@@ -459,31 +440,40 @@ func (s *Service) SendChannelMessage(
 		}
 	}
 
-	memberIDs, _ := s.db.GetChannelMemberIDs(ctx, chID)
+	if command == irc.CmdPrivmsg {
-	recipients := excludeSession(memberIDs, sessionID)
+		err = s.checkChannelHashcash(
+			ctx, chID, channel, body, meta,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
 
-	dbID, uuid, fanErr := s.FanOut(
+	memberIDs, _ := s.db.GetChannelMemberIDs(ctx, chID)
+
+	_, uuid, fanErr := s.FanOut(
 		ctx, command, nick, channel, 0, chID,
-		nil, body, meta, recipients,
+		nil, body, meta, memberIDs, skipClientID,
 	)
 	// The channel was deleted after the lookup above.
 	if db.IsForeignKeyConstraintError(fanErr) {
-		return 0, "", noSuchChannel
+		return "", noSuchChannel
 	}
 
 	if fanErr != nil {
-		return 0, "", fanErr
+		return "", fanErr
 	}
 
-	return dbID, uuid, nil
+	return uuid, nil
 }
 
 // SendDirectMessage validates the target and sends a
-// direct message, returning the message UUID and any away
+// direct message to the target and the sender's session,
-// message set on the target.
+// skipping client skipClientID as FanOut does, and returns
+// the message UUID and any away message set on the target.
 func (s *Service) SendDirectMessage(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	sessionID int64,
+	sessionID, skipClientID int64,
 	nick, command, target string,
 	body, meta json.RawMessage,
 ) (*DirectMsgResult, error) {
@@ -505,7 +495,7 @@ func (s *Service) SendDirectMessage(
 
 	_, uuid, fanErr := s.FanOut(
 		ctx, command, nick, target, targetSID, 0,
-		nil, body, meta, recipients,
+		nil, body, meta, recipients, skipClientID,
 	)
 	// The target's session was deleted after the lookup above.
 	if db.IsForeignKeyConstraintError(fanErr) {
@@ -521,11 +511,12 @@ func (s *Service) SendDirectMessage(
 
 // JoinChannel creates or joins a channel, making the
 // first joiner the operator. Fans out the JOIN to all
-// channel members. A channel name that validChannelRe
+// channel members, skipping client skipClientID as FanOut
-// does not match gets ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL.
+// does. A channel name that validChannelRe does not match
+// gets ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL.
 func (s *Service) JoinChannel(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	sessionID int64,
+	sessionID, skipClientID int64,
 	nick, channel, suppliedKey string,
 ) (*JoinResult, error) {
 	if !validChannelRe.MatchString(channel) {
@@ -548,7 +539,7 @@ func (s *Service) JoinChannel(
 
 	_, _, _ = s.FanOut( //nolint:dogsled // fire-and-forget broadcast
 		ctx, irc.CmdJoin, nick, channel, 0, chID,
-		nil, body, nil, memberIDs,
+		nil, body, nil, memberIDs, skipClientID,
 	)
 
 	return &JoinResult{
@@ -557,12 +548,12 @@ func (s *Service) JoinChannel(
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// PartChannel validates membership, broadcasts PART to
+// PartChannel validates membership, broadcasts PART to all
-// remaining members, removes the user, and cleans up empty
+// channel members, skipping client skipClientID as FanOut
-// channels.
+// does, removes the user, and cleans up empty channels.
 func (s *Service) PartChannel(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	sessionID int64,
+	sessionID, skipClientID int64,
 	nick, channel, reason string,
 ) error {
 	chID, err := s.db.GetChannelByName(ctx, channel)
@@ -586,12 +577,11 @@ func (s *Service) PartChannel(
 	}
 
 	memberIDs, _ := s.db.GetChannelMemberIDs(ctx, chID)
-	recipients := excludeSession(memberIDs, sessionID)
 	body, _ := json.Marshal([]string{reason}) //nolint:errchkjson
 
 	_, _, _ = s.FanOut( //nolint:dogsled // fire-and-forget broadcast
 		ctx, irc.CmdPart, nick, channel, 0, chID,
-		nil, body, nil, recipients,
+		nil, body, nil, memberIDs, skipClientID,
 	)
 
 	s.db.PartChannelAndDeleteIfEmpty(ctx, chID, sessionID) //nolint:errcheck,gosec
@@ -600,10 +590,11 @@ func (s *Service) PartChannel(
 }
 
 // SetTopic validates membership and topic-lock, sets the
-// topic, and broadcasts the change.
+// topic, and broadcasts the change to all channel members,
+// skipping client skipClientID as FanOut does.
 func (s *Service) SetTopic(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	sessionID int64,
+	sessionID, skipClientID int64,
 	nick, channel, topic string,
 ) error {
 	chID, err := s.db.GetChannelByName(ctx, channel)
@@ -652,18 +643,19 @@ func (s *Service) SetTopic(
 
 	_, _, _ = s.FanOut( //nolint:dogsled // fire-and-forget broadcast
 		ctx, irc.CmdTopic, nick, channel, 0, chID,
-		nil, body, nil, memberIDs,
+		nil, body, nil, memberIDs, skipClientID,
 	)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // KickUser validates operator status and target
-// membership, broadcasts the KICK, removes the target,
+// membership, broadcasts the KICK to all channel members,
-// and cleans up empty channels.
+// skipping client skipClientID as FanOut does, removes the
+// target, and cleans up empty channels.
 func (s *Service) KickUser(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	sessionID int64,
+	sessionID, skipClientID int64,
 	nick, channel, targetNick, reason string,
 ) error {
 	chID, err := s.db.GetChannelByName(ctx, channel)
@@ -716,7 +708,7 @@ func (s *Service) KickUser(
 
 	_, _, _ = s.FanOut( //nolint:dogsled // fire-and-forget broadcast
 		ctx, irc.CmdKick, nick, channel, 0, chID,
-		params, body, nil, memberIDs,
+		params, body, nil, memberIDs, skipClientID,
 	)
 
 	s.db.PartChannelAndDeleteIfEmpty(ctx, chID, targetSID) //nolint:errcheck,gosec
@@ -797,10 +789,11 @@ func (s *Service) InviteUser(
 }
 
 // ChangeNick changes a user's nickname and broadcasts the
-// change to all users sharing channels.
+// change to the user's own session and all users sharing
+// channels, skipping client skipClientID as FanOut does.
 func (s *Service) ChangeNick(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	sessionID int64,
+	sessionID, skipClientID int64,
 	oldNick, newNick string,
 ) error {
 	err := s.db.ChangeNick(ctx, sessionID, newNick)
@@ -821,7 +814,9 @@ func (s *Service) ChangeNick(
 		}
 	}
 
-	s.broadcastNickChange(ctx, sessionID, oldNick, newNick)
+	s.broadcastNickChange(
+		ctx, sessionID, skipClientID, oldNick, newNick,
+	)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1041,9 +1036,10 @@ func (s *Service) SetChannelFlag(
 }
 
 // BroadcastMode fans out a MODE change to all channel
-// members.
+// members, skipping client skipClientID as FanOut does.
 func (s *Service) BroadcastMode(
 	ctx context.Context,
+	skipClientID int64,
 	nick, channel string,
 	chID int64,
 	modeText string,
@@ -1053,7 +1049,7 @@ func (s *Service) BroadcastMode(
 
 	_, _, _ = s.FanOut( //nolint:dogsled // fire-and-forget broadcast
 		ctx, irc.CmdMode, nick, channel, 0, chID,
-		nil, body, nil, memberIDs,
+		nil, body, nil, memberIDs, skipClientID,
 	)
 }
 
@@ -1305,11 +1301,12 @@ func (s *Service) checkChannelHashcash(
 	return nil
 }
 
-// broadcastNickChange notifies channel peers of a nick
+// broadcastNickChange notifies the user's own session,
+// except client skipClientID, and channel peers of a nick
 // change.
 func (s *Service) broadcastNickChange(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	sessionID int64,
+	sessionID, skipClientID int64,
 	oldNick, newNick string,
 ) {
 	channels, err := s.db.GetSessionChannels(
@@ -1331,7 +1328,7 @@ func (s *Service) broadcastNickChange(
 	}
 
 	// Notify the user themselves (for multi-client sync).
-	_ = s.db.EnqueueToSession(ctx, sessionID, dbID)
+	_ = s.db.EnqueueToSession(ctx, sessionID, dbID, skipClientID)
 	s.broker.Notify(sessionID)
 	notified[sessionID] = true
 
@@ -1350,7 +1347,7 @@ func (s *Service) broadcastNickChange(
 
 			notified[mid] = true
 
-			_ = s.db.EnqueueToSession(ctx, mid, dbID)
+			_ = s.db.EnqueueToSession(ctx, mid, dbID, 0)
 			s.broker.Notify(mid)
 		}
 	}

internal/service/service_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ package service_test
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -23,7 +22,9 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/broker"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/config"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/db"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/dbtest"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/globals"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/hashcash"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/logger"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/service"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/pkg/irc"
@@ -45,13 +46,7 @@ type testEnv struct {
 func newTestEnv(t *testing.T) *testEnv {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	// A random name, so that no other test can share it, not
+	dbURL := dbtest.NewURL(t)
-	// even one that has finished but still holds its database
-	// open.
-	dbURL := fmt.Sprintf(
-		"file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared",
-		rand.Text(),
-	)
 
 	var (
 		database *db.Database
@@ -167,7 +162,7 @@ func TestFanOut(t *testing.T) {
 	dbID, uuid, err := env.svc.FanOut(
 		ctx, irc.CmdPrivmsg, "alice", "#test", 0, 0,
 		nil, body, nil,
-		[]int64{sid1, sid2},
+		[]int64{sid1, sid2}, 0,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("FanOut: %v", err)
@@ -189,7 +184,7 @@ func TestJoinChannel(t *testing.T) {
 	sid := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "alice")
 
 	result, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(
-		ctx, sid, "alice", "#general", "",
+		ctx, sid, 0, "alice", "#general", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("JoinChannel: %v", err)
@@ -207,7 +202,7 @@ func TestJoinChannel(t *testing.T) {
 	sid2 := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "bob")
 
 	result2, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(
-		ctx, sid2, "bob", "#general", "",
+		ctx, sid2, 0, "bob", "#general", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("JoinChannel bob: %v", err)
@@ -229,14 +224,14 @@ func TestPartChannel(t *testing.T) {
 	sid := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "alice")
 
 	_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(
-		ctx, sid, "alice", "#general", "",
+		ctx, sid, 0, "alice", "#general", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("JoinChannel: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	err = env.svc.PartChannel(
-		ctx, sid, "alice", "#general", "bye",
+		ctx, sid, 0, "alice", "#general", "bye",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("PartChannel: %v", err)
@@ -244,7 +239,7 @@ func TestPartChannel(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Parting a non-existent channel returns error.
 	err = env.svc.PartChannel(
-		ctx, sid, "alice", "#nonexistent", "",
+		ctx, sid, 0, "alice", "#nonexistent", "",
 	)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for non-existent channel")
@@ -308,7 +303,7 @@ func joinConcurrently(
 
 		joins[i] = func() error {
 			result, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(
-				ctx, sessionID, nick, channel, "",
+				ctx, sessionID, 0, nick, channel, "",
 			)
 			results[i] = result
 
@@ -334,7 +329,7 @@ func TestConcurrentJoinsRespectUserLimit(t *testing.T) {
 		opSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, opNick)
 
 		created, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(
-			ctx, opSID, opNick, channel, "",
+			ctx, opSID, 0, opNick, channel, "",
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("join %s: %v", opNick, err)
@@ -447,7 +442,7 @@ func TestJoinConcurrentWithLastPart(t *testing.T) {
 		joinerSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, joinerNick)
 
 		_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(
-			ctx, leaverSID, leaverNick, channel, "",
+			ctx, leaverSID, 0, leaverNick, channel, "",
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("join %s: %v", leaverNick, err)
@@ -456,12 +451,12 @@ func TestJoinConcurrentWithLastPart(t *testing.T) {
 		errs := runConcurrently(
 			func() error {
 				return env.svc.PartChannel(
-					ctx, leaverSID, leaverNick, channel, "",
+					ctx, leaverSID, 0, leaverNick, channel, "",
 				)
 			},
 			func() error {
 				_, joinErr := env.svc.JoinChannel(
-					ctx, joinerSID, joinerNick, channel, "",
+					ctx, joinerSID, 0, joinerNick, channel, "",
 				)
 
 				return joinErr
@@ -512,7 +507,7 @@ func TestJoinConcurrentWithLastQuit(t *testing.T) {
 		joinerSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, joinerNick)
 
 		created, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(
-			ctx, leaverSID, leaverNick, channel, "",
+			ctx, leaverSID, 0, leaverNick, channel, "",
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("join %s: %v", leaverNick, err)
@@ -544,7 +539,7 @@ func TestJoinConcurrentWithLastQuit(t *testing.T) {
 					)
 
 					joined, joinErr = env.svc.JoinChannel(
-						ctx, joinerSID, joinerNick, channel, "",
+						ctx, joinerSID, 0, joinerNick, channel, "",
 					)
 					if !errors.As(joinErr, &ircErr) ||
 						ircErr.Code != irc.ErrBadChannelKey {
@@ -591,7 +586,7 @@ func TestQuitQueuedAheadOfNewNickHoldersJoin(t *testing.T) {
 		quitterSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, nick)
 
 		for _, channel := range []string{crowd, shared} {
-			_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, quitterSID, nick, channel, "")
+			_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, quitterSID, 0, nick, channel, "")
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("join %s: %v", channel, err)
 			}
@@ -601,7 +596,7 @@ func TestQuitQueuedAheadOfNewNickHoldersJoin(t *testing.T) {
 			memberNick := fmt.Sprintf("crowd%dx%d", trial, member)
 			memberSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, memberNick)
 
-			_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, memberSID, memberNick, crowd, "")
+			_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, memberSID, 0, memberNick, crowd, "")
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("join %s: %v", memberNick, err)
 			}
@@ -616,7 +611,7 @@ func TestQuitQueuedAheadOfNewNickHoldersJoin(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("create session %s: %v", watcherNick, err)
 		}
 
-		_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, watcherSID, watcherNick, shared, "")
+		_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, watcherSID, 0, watcherNick, shared, "")
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("join %s: %v", watcherNick, err)
 		}
@@ -677,7 +672,7 @@ func takeNickAndJoin(
 			return err
 		}
 
-		_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, sessionID, nick, channel, "")
+		_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, sessionID, 0, nick, channel, "")
 
 		return err
 	}
@@ -709,7 +704,7 @@ func TestJoinUsesUpInvite(t *testing.T) {
 	opSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "op")
 	guestSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "guest")
 
-	created, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, opSID, "op", channel, "")
+	created, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, opSID, 0, "op", channel, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join op: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -724,17 +719,17 @@ func TestJoinUsesUpInvite(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("invite guest: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, guestSID, "guest", channel, "")
+	_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, guestSID, 0, "guest", channel, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("invited join: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	err = env.svc.PartChannel(ctx, guestSID, "guest", channel, "")
+	err = env.svc.PartChannel(ctx, guestSID, 0, "guest", channel, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("part guest: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, guestSID, "guest", channel, "")
+	_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, guestSID, 0, "guest", channel, "")
 
 	var ircErr *service.IRCError
 	if !errors.As(err, &ircErr) || ircErr.Code != irc.ErrInviteOnlyChan {
@@ -753,7 +748,7 @@ func TestJoinRefusedByHostmaskBan(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "op")
 
-	created, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, opSID, "op", channel, "")
+	created, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, opSID, 0, "op", channel, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join op: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -772,7 +767,7 @@ func TestJoinRefusedByHostmaskBan(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("create session guest: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, guestSID, "guest", channel, "")
+	_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, guestSID, 0, "guest", channel, "")
 
 	var ircErr *service.IRCError
 	if !errors.As(err, &ircErr) || ircErr.Code != irc.ErrBannedFromChan {
@@ -792,17 +787,17 @@ func TestPartDeletesChannelOnlyWhenEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	aliceSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "alice")
 	bobSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "bob")
 
-	_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, aliceSID, "alice", channel, "")
+	_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, aliceSID, 0, "alice", channel, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join alice: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, bobSID, "bob", channel, "")
+	_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, bobSID, 0, "bob", channel, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join bob: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	err = env.svc.PartChannel(ctx, aliceSID, "alice", channel, "")
+	err = env.svc.PartChannel(ctx, aliceSID, 0, "alice", channel, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("part alice: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -817,7 +812,7 @@ func TestPartDeletesChannelOnlyWhenEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("bob is not on the channel after alice parted")
 	}
 
-	err = env.svc.PartChannel(ctx, bobSID, "bob", channel, "")
+	err = env.svc.PartChannel(ctx, bobSID, 0, "bob", channel, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("part bob: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -838,12 +833,12 @@ func TestKickOfLastMemberDeletesChannel(t *testing.T) {
 
 	sid := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "alice")
 
-	_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, sid, "alice", channel, "")
+	_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, sid, 0, "alice", channel, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join alice: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	err = env.svc.KickUser(ctx, sid, "alice", channel, "alice", "")
+	err = env.svc.KickUser(ctx, sid, 0, "alice", channel, "alice", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("kick alice: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -862,14 +857,14 @@ func TestSendChannelMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	sid2 := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "bob")
 
 	_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(
-		ctx, sid1, "alice", "#chat", "",
+		ctx, sid1, 0, "alice", "#chat", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join alice: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(
-		ctx, sid2, "bob", "#chat", "",
+		ctx, sid2, 0, "bob", "#chat", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join bob: %v", err)
@@ -877,18 +872,14 @@ func TestSendChannelMessage(t *testing.T) {
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal([]string{"hello world"}) //nolint:errchkjson
 
-	dbID, uuid, err := env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
+	uuid, err := env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
-		ctx, sid1, "alice",
+		ctx, sid1, 0, "alice",
 		irc.CmdPrivmsg, "#chat", body, nil,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SendChannelMessage: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if dbID == 0 {
-		t.Error("expected non-zero dbID")
-	}
-
 	if uuid == "" {
 		t.Error("expected non-empty UUID")
 	}
@@ -896,8 +887,8 @@ func TestSendChannelMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	// Non-member cannot send.
 	sid3 := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "charlie")
 
-	_, _, err = env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
+	_, err = env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
-		ctx, sid3, "charlie",
+		ctx, sid3, 0, "charlie",
 		irc.CmdPrivmsg, "#chat", body, nil,
 	)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -913,14 +904,14 @@ func TestBroadcastQuit(t *testing.T) {
 	sid2 := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "bob")
 
 	_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(
-		ctx, sid1, "alice", "#room", "",
+		ctx, sid1, 0, "alice", "#room", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join alice: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(
-		ctx, sid2, "bob", "#room", "",
+		ctx, sid2, 0, "bob", "#room", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join bob: %v", err)
@@ -962,7 +953,7 @@ func TestSendDirectMessageTargetQuits(t *testing.T) {
 	body, _ := json.Marshal([]string{"hi"}) //nolint:errchkjson
 
 	_, err = env.svc.SendDirectMessage(
-		ctx, sid, "alice", irc.CmdPrivmsg, "bob", body, nil,
+		ctx, sid, 0, "alice", irc.CmdPrivmsg, "bob", body, nil,
 	)
 
 	var ircErr *service.IRCError
@@ -982,7 +973,7 @@ func TestSendChannelMessageChannelDeleted(t *testing.T) {
 
 	sid := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "alice")
 
-	_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, sid, "alice", "#gone", "")
+	_, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, sid, 0, "alice", "#gone", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join alice: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -999,8 +990,8 @@ func TestSendChannelMessageChannelDeleted(t *testing.T) {
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal([]string{"hi"}) //nolint:errchkjson
 
-	_, _, err = env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
+	_, err = env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
-		ctx, sid, "alice", irc.CmdPrivmsg, "#gone", body, nil,
+		ctx, sid, 0, "alice", irc.CmdPrivmsg, "#gone", body, nil,
 	)
 
 	var ircErr *service.IRCError
@@ -1018,14 +1009,14 @@ func TestSendChannelMessage_Moderated(t *testing.T) {
 	sid2 := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "bob")
 
 	result, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(
-		ctx, sid1, "alice", "#modchat", "",
+		ctx, sid1, 0, "alice", "#modchat", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join alice: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(
-		ctx, sid2, "bob", "#modchat", "",
+		ctx, sid2, 0, "bob", "#modchat", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join bob: %v", err)
@@ -1038,8 +1029,8 @@ func TestSendChannelMessage_Moderated(t *testing.T) {
 	body, _ := json.Marshal([]string{"test"}) //nolint:errchkjson
 
 	// Bob (non-op, non-voiced) should fail to send.
-	_, _, err = env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
+	_, err = env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
-		ctx, sid2, "bob",
+		ctx, sid2, 0, "bob",
 		irc.CmdPrivmsg, "#modchat", body, nil,
 	)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -1047,8 +1038,8 @@ func TestSendChannelMessage_Moderated(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Alice (operator) should succeed.
-	_, _, err = env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
+	_, err = env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
-		ctx, sid1, "alice",
+		ctx, sid1, 0, "alice",
 		irc.CmdPrivmsg, "#modchat", body, nil,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1056,6 +1047,88 @@ func TestSendChannelMessage_Moderated(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestRefusedChannelMessageLeavesStampUnspent checks that a
+// PRIVMSG to a +H channel refused because the sender is not
+// a member, is banned, or has no voice on a +m channel does
+// not spend its hashcash stamp: the operator can then send
+// the same message with it.
+func TestRefusedChannelMessageLeavesStampUnspent(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		channel = "#paid"
+		bits    = 2
+	)
+
+	refusals := []struct {
+		name string
+		// refuse stops bob from sending to the channel.
+		refuse func(ctx context.Context, env *testEnv, chID, bobSID int64) error
+	}{
+		{"not a member", func(ctx context.Context, env *testEnv, _, bobSID int64) error {
+			return env.svc.PartChannel(ctx, bobSID, 0, "bob", channel, "")
+		}},
+		{"banned", func(ctx context.Context, env *testEnv, chID, _ int64) error {
+			return env.db.AddChannelBan(ctx, chID, "bob!*@*", "alice")
+		}},
+		{"moderated", func(ctx context.Context, env *testEnv, chID, _ int64) error {
+			return env.svc.SetChannelFlag(ctx, chID, 'm', true)
+		}},
+	}
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal([]string{"hello"}) //nolint:errchkjson
+
+	for _, refusal := range refusals {
+		t.Run(refusal.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			env := newTestEnv(t)
+			ctx := t.Context()
+
+			aliceSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "alice")
+			bobSID := createSession(ctx, t, env.db, "bob")
+
+			joined, err := env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, aliceSID, 0, "alice", channel, "")
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("join alice: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			_, err = env.svc.JoinChannel(ctx, bobSID, 0, "bob", channel, "")
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("join bob: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			err = env.db.SetChannelHashcashBits(ctx, joined.ChannelID, bits)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("set +H: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			err = refusal.refuse(ctx, env, joined.ChannelID, bobSID)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("refuse bob: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			stamp := hashcash.MintChannelStamp(
+				bits, channel, hashcash.BodyHash(body),
+			)
+			meta, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"hashcash": stamp})
+
+			_, err = env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
+				ctx, bobSID, 0, "bob", irc.CmdPrivmsg, channel, body, meta,
+			)
+
+			var ircErr *service.IRCError
+			if !errors.As(err, &ircErr) ||
+				ircErr.Code != irc.ErrCannotSendToChan {
+				t.Fatalf("bob: want ERR_CANNOTSENDTOCHAN, got %v", err)
+			}
+
+			_, err = env.svc.SendChannelMessage(
+				ctx, aliceSID, 0, "alice", irc.CmdPrivmsg, channel, body, meta,
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("alice with the same stamp: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestQueryUserMode(t *testing.T) {
 	env := newTestEnv(t)
 	ctx := t.Context()

web/src/app.jsx

@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ const RECONNECT_DELAY = 3000;
 const MEMBER_REFRESH_INTERVAL = 10000;
 const ACTION_PREFIX = "\x01ACTION ";
 const ACTION_SUFFIX = "\x01";
+// SERVER_TAB is the Server tab's name, under which its messages and
+// unread count are stored. No nick or channel name can contain *, so a
+// user with the nick Server gets a direct-message tab of its own. The
+// tab bar labels this tab Server.
+const SERVER_TAB = "*server*";
 
 // Hashcash proof-of-work helpers using Web Crypto API.
 
@@ -58,13 +63,13 @@ async function mintHashcash(bits, resource) {
   }
 }
 
+// Requests are authenticated by the auth cookie, which the browser
+// sends on its own.
 function api(path, opts = {}) {
-  const token = localStorage.getItem("neoirc_token");
   const headers = {
     "Content-Type": "application/json",
     ...(opts.headers || {}),
   };
-  if (token) headers["Authorization"] = `Bearer ${token}`;
   const { signal, ...rest } = opts;
 
   return fetch(API + path, { ...rest, headers, signal }).then(async (r) => {
@@ -122,12 +127,11 @@ function LoginScreen({ onLogin }) {
         if (s.name) hashcashResourceRef.current = s.name;
       })
       .catch(() => {});
-    const saved = localStorage.getItem("neoirc_token");
+    // Resume the session if the browser still holds a valid auth
-    if (saved) {
+    // cookie; a 401 leaves the login form up.
     api("/state?initChannelState=1")
       .then((u) => onLogin(u.nick, true))
-        .catch(() => localStorage.removeItem("neoirc_token"));
+      .catch(() => {});
-    }
     inputRef.current?.focus();
   }, []);
 
@@ -152,7 +156,6 @@ function LoginScreen({ onLogin }) {
         method: "POST",
         body: JSON.stringify(reqBody),
       });
-      localStorage.setItem("neoirc_token", res.token);
       onLogin(res.nick);
     } catch (err) {
       setError(err.data?.error || "Connection failed");
@@ -227,10 +230,9 @@ function UserList({ members, onNickClick }) {
   const regular = [];
 
   for (const m of members) {
-    const mode = m.mode || "";
+    if (m.isOperator) {
-    if (mode === "o") {
       ops.push(m);
-    } else if (mode === "v") {
+    } else if (m.isVoiced) {
       voiced.push(m);
     } else {
       regular.push(m);
@@ -273,9 +275,9 @@ function UserList({ members, onNickClick }) {
 function App() {
   const [loggedIn, setLoggedIn] = useState(false);
   const [nick, setNick] = useState("");
-  const [tabs, setTabs] = useState([{ type: "server", name: "Server" }]);
+  const [tabs, setTabs] = useState([{ type: "server", name: SERVER_TAB }]);
   const [activeTab, setActiveTab] = useState(0);
-  const [messages, setMessages] = useState({ Server: [] });
+  const [messages, setMessages] = useState({ [SERVER_TAB]: [] });
   const [members, setMembers] = useState({});
   const [topics, setTopics] = useState({});
   const [unread, setUnread] = useState({});
@@ -303,11 +305,14 @@ function App() {
     nickRef.current = nick;
   }, [nick]);
 
-  // Persist joined channels.
+  // Persist joined channels, once logged in: before then only the
+  // Server tab exists, and writing would erase the saved channels
+  // that onLogin rejoins.
   useEffect(() => {
+    if (!loggedIn) return;
     const channels = tabs.filter((t) => t.type === "channel").map((t) => t.name);
     localStorage.setItem("neoirc_channels", JSON.stringify(channels));
-  }, [tabs]);
+  }, [loggedIn, tabs]);
 
   // Clear unread on tab switch.
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -355,6 +360,26 @@ function App() {
       .catch(() => {});
   }, []);
 
+  // removeChannelTab closes a channel's tab. The tab the user was
+  // reading stays active, found by its name; when it was the closed tab,
+  // the Server tab shows.
+  const removeChannelTab = useCallback((name) => {
+    setTabs((prev) => {
+      const remaining = prev.filter(
+        (t) => !(t.type === "channel" && t.name === name),
+      );
+      // Preact runs this update at once, on the newest active tab.
+      setActiveTab((active) => {
+        const reading = prev[active]?.name;
+        const idx = remaining.findIndex((t) => t.name === reading);
+
+        return idx >= 0 ? idx : 0;
+      });
+
+      return remaining;
+    });
+  }, []);
+
   const processMessage = useCallback(
     (msg) => {
       const body = Array.isArray(msg.body) ? msg.body.join("\n") : "";
@@ -366,7 +391,9 @@ function App() {
         command: msg.command,
       };
 
-      switch (msg.command) {
+      // A numeric reply carries its number in `code` and its name in
+      // `command`; other messages have no `code`.
+      switch (msg.code || msg.command) {
         case "PRIVMSG":
         case "NOTICE": {
           let text = body;
@@ -422,6 +449,13 @@ function App() {
           break;
         }
         case "PART": {
+          // The user's own PART, sent from this client or another,
+          // closes the tab and adds no message or unread count.
+          if (msg.from === nickRef.current) {
+            removeChannelTab(msg.to);
+
+            break;
+          }
           const reason = body ? " (" + body + ")" : "";
           const text = `${msg.from} has parted ${msg.to}${reason}`;
           if (msg.to) addMessage(msg.to, { ...base, text, system: true });
@@ -429,6 +463,29 @@ function App() {
 
           break;
         }
+        case "KICK": {
+          // The kicked nick is in params; the body is the reason.
+          const kicked = Array.isArray(msg.params) ? msg.params[0] : "";
+          const reason = body ? " (" + body + ")" : "";
+          const text = `${kicked} was kicked from ${msg.to} by ${msg.from}${reason}`;
+          if (msg.to) addMessage(msg.to, { ...base, text, system: true });
+          if (kicked === nickRef.current) {
+            // The channel's tab closes, so the Server tab gets the line
+            // too. It needs an id of its own: addMessage drops a message
+            // whose id it has already seen.
+            addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
+              ...base,
+              id: msg.id + "-server",
+              text,
+              system: true,
+            });
+            removeChannelTab(msg.to);
+          } else if (msg.to && msg.to.startsWith("#")) {
+            refreshMembers(msg.to);
+          }
+
+          break;
+        }
         case "QUIT": {
           const reason = body ? " (" + body + ")" : "";
           const text = `${msg.from} has quit${reason}`;
@@ -464,8 +521,18 @@ function App() {
 
           break;
         }
-        case "353": {
+        case "MODE": {
-          // RPL_NAMREPLY — parse mode prefixes from names list.
+          // The body is the change, with its value where it has one:
+          // ["+o bob"], ["+m"], ["+k", "secretpass"].
+          const modes = Array.isArray(msg.body) ? msg.body.join(" ") : "";
+          const text = `${msg.from} sets mode ${modes} on ${msg.to}`;
+          if (msg.to) addMessage(msg.to, { ...base, text, system: true });
+
+          break;
+        }
+        case 353: {
+          // RPL_NAMREPLY — each name is a hostmask (nick!user@host),
+          // prefixed with @ for an operator or + for a voiced member.
           if (
             Array.isArray(msg.params) &&
             msg.params.length >= 2 &&
@@ -477,21 +544,18 @@ function App() {
               : String(msg.body);
             const names = namesStr.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean);
             const parsed = names.map((n) => {
-              if (n.startsWith("@")) {
+              const isOperator = n.startsWith("@");
-                return { nick: n.slice(1), mode: "o" };
+              const isVoiced = n.startsWith("+");
-              }
+              const hostmask = isOperator || isVoiced ? n.slice(1) : n;
-              if (n.startsWith("+")) {
-                return { nick: n.slice(1), mode: "v" };
-              }
 
-              return { nick: n, mode: "" };
+              return { nick: hostmask.split("!")[0], isOperator, isVoiced };
             });
             setMembers((prev) => ({ ...prev, [channel]: parsed }));
           }
 
           break;
         }
-        case "332": {
+        case 332: {
           // RPL_TOPIC — set topic from server.
           if (Array.isArray(msg.params) && msg.params.length >= 1) {
             const channel = msg.params[0];
@@ -503,13 +567,13 @@ function App() {
 
           break;
         }
-        case "322": {
+        case 322: {
           // RPL_LIST — channel, member count, topic.
           if (Array.isArray(msg.params) && msg.params.length >= 2) {
             const chName = msg.params[0];
             const count = msg.params[1];
             const chTopic = body || "";
-            addMessage("Server", {
+            addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
               ...base,
               text: `${chName} (${count} users): ${chTopic.trim()}`,
               system: true,
@@ -518,21 +582,21 @@ function App() {
 
           break;
         }
-        case "323":
+        case 323:
-          addMessage("Server", {
+          addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
             ...base,
             text: body || "End of channel list",
             system: true,
           });
 
           break;
-        case "352": {
+        case 352: {
           // RPL_WHOREPLY — channel, user, host, server, nick, flags.
           if (Array.isArray(msg.params) && msg.params.length >= 5) {
             const whoCh = msg.params[0];
             const whoNick = msg.params[4];
             const whoFlags = msg.params.length > 5 ? msg.params[5] : "";
-            addMessage("Server", {
+            addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
               ...base,
               text: `${whoCh} ${whoNick} ${whoFlags}`,
               system: true,
@@ -541,33 +605,33 @@ function App() {
 
           break;
         }
-        case "315":
+        case 315:
-          addMessage("Server", {
+          addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
             ...base,
             text: body || "End of /WHO list",
             system: true,
           });
 
           break;
-        case "311": {
+        case 311: {
-          // RPL_WHOISUSER — nick, user, host, *, realname.
+          // RPL_WHOISUSER — params nick, user, host, *; body realname.
-          if (Array.isArray(msg.params) && msg.params.length >= 1) {
+          if (Array.isArray(msg.params) && msg.params.length >= 3) {
-            const wiNick = msg.params[0];
+            const [wiNick, wiUser, wiHost] = msg.params;
-            addMessage("Server", {
+            addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
               ...base,
-              text: `${wiNick} (${body})`,
+              text: `${wiNick} is ${wiUser}@${wiHost} (${body})`,
               system: true,
             });
           }
 
           break;
         }
-        case "312": {
+        case 312: {
           // RPL_WHOISSERVER — nick, server, server info.
           if (Array.isArray(msg.params) && msg.params.length >= 2) {
             const wiNick = msg.params[0];
             const wiServer = msg.params[1];
-            addMessage("Server", {
+            addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
               ...base,
               text: `${wiNick} on ${wiServer}`,
               system: true,
@@ -576,11 +640,37 @@ function App() {
 
           break;
         }
-        case "319": {
+        case 313: {
+          // RPL_WHOISOPERATOR — nick; body "is an IRC operator".
+          if (Array.isArray(msg.params) && msg.params.length >= 1) {
+            addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
+              ...base,
+              text: `${msg.params[0]} ${body}`,
+              system: true,
+            });
+          }
+
+          break;
+        }
+        case 317: {
+          // RPL_WHOISIDLE — nick, idle seconds, signon time (Unix).
+          if (Array.isArray(msg.params) && msg.params.length >= 3) {
+            const [wiNick, idle, signon] = msg.params;
+            const signedOn = new Date(Number(signon) * 1000).toLocaleString();
+            addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
+              ...base,
+              text: `${wiNick} has been idle ${idle}s, signed on ${signedOn}`,
+              system: true,
+            });
+          }
+
+          break;
+        }
+        case 319: {
           // RPL_WHOISCHANNELS — nick, channels.
           if (Array.isArray(msg.params) && msg.params.length >= 1) {
             const wiNick = msg.params[0];
-            addMessage("Server", {
+            addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
               ...base,
               text: `${wiNick} is on: ${body}`,
               system: true,
@@ -589,27 +679,39 @@ function App() {
 
           break;
         }
-        case "318":
+        case 318:
-          addMessage("Server", {
+          addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
             ...base,
             text: body || "End of /WHOIS list",
             system: true,
           });
 
           break;
-        case "375":
+        case 324: {
-        case "372":
+          // RPL_CHANNELMODEIS — channel, mode string.
-        case "376":
+          if (Array.isArray(msg.params) && msg.params.length >= 2) {
-          addMessage("Server", { ...base, text: body, system: true });
+            addMessage(SERVER_TAB, {
+              ...base,
+              text: `${msg.params[0]} modes: ${msg.params[1]}`,
+              system: true,
+            });
+          }
+
+          break;
+        }
+        case 375:
+        case 372:
+        case 376:
+          addMessage(SERVER_TAB, { ...base, text: body, system: true });
 
           break;
         default:
           if (body) {
-            addMessage("Server", { ...base, text: body, system: true });
+            addMessage(SERVER_TAB, { ...base, text: body, system: true });
           }
       }
     },
-    [addMessage, refreshMembers],
+    [addMessage, refreshMembers, removeChannelTab],
   );
 
   // Long-poll loop.
@@ -637,6 +739,14 @@ function App() {
         } catch (err) {
           if (!alive) break;
           if (err.name === "AbortError") continue;
+          // 401: the session is gone (QUIT from another client, or
+          // expiry). Reloading drops this page's state and brings
+          // back the login screen.
+          if (err.status === 401) {
+            window.location.reload();
+
+            return;
+          }
           setConnected(false);
           await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, RECONNECT_DELAY));
         }
@@ -716,9 +826,14 @@ function App() {
 
   const onLogin = useCallback(
     async (userNick, isResumed) => {
+      // Read before setLoggedIn(true): from then on the effect under
+      // "Persist joined channels" writes the open channel tabs over it.
+      const saved = JSON.parse(
+        localStorage.getItem("neoirc_channels") || "[]",
+      );
       setNick(userNick);
       setLoggedIn(true);
-      addSystemMessage("Server", `Connected as ${userNick}`);
+      addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, `Connected as ${userNick}`);
 
       if (isResumed) {
         // Request MOTD on resumed sessions (new sessions
@@ -740,15 +855,13 @@ function App() {
       }
 
       // Fresh session — join any previously saved channels.
-      const saved = JSON.parse(
-        localStorage.getItem("neoirc_channels") || "[]",
-      );
       for (const ch of saved) {
         try {
-          await api("/messages", {
+          const res = await api("/messages", {
             method: "POST",
             body: JSON.stringify({ command: "JOIN", to: ch }),
           });
+          if (res?.status !== "joined") continue;
           setTabs((prev) => {
             if (prev.find((t) => t.type === "channel" && t.name === ch))
               return prev;
@@ -768,18 +881,30 @@ function App() {
     name = name.trim();
     if (!name.startsWith("#")) name = "#" + name;
     try {
-      await api("/messages", {
+      const res = await api("/messages", {
         method: "POST",
         body: JSON.stringify({ command: "JOIN", to: name }),
       });
+      // A refused join opens no tab. The error numeric that the
+      // server sends to the message queue tells the user why.
+      if (res?.status !== "joined") return;
+      // Show the channel's tab. Preact runs this update at once on the
+      // newest tab list, so the tab is found there by name: the user's
+      // own JOIN event may already have added it, and other tabs may
+      // have closed.
       setTabs((prev) => {
-        if (prev.find((t) => t.type === "channel" && t.name === name))
+        const idx = prev.findIndex(
+          (t) => t.type === "channel" && t.name === name,
+        );
+        if (idx >= 0) {
+          setActiveTab(idx);
+
           return prev;
+        }
+        setActiveTab(prev.length);
 
         return [...prev, { type: "channel", name }];
       });
-      const newIdx = tabsRef.current.length;
-      setActiveTab(newIdx);
       try {
         const hist = await api(
           `/history?target=${encodeURIComponent(name)}&limit=50`,
@@ -792,7 +917,7 @@ function App() {
       }
     } catch (err) {
       addSystemMessage(
-        "Server",
+        SERVER_TAB,
         `Failed to join ${name}: ${err.data?.error || "error"}`,
       );
     }
@@ -808,10 +933,7 @@ function App() {
     } catch (e) {
       // Ignore.
     }
-    setTabs((prev) =>
+    removeChannelTab(name);
-      prev.filter((t) => !(t.type === "channel" && t.name === name)),
-    );
-    setActiveTab(0);
   };
 
   const closeTab = (idx) => {
@@ -826,16 +948,23 @@ function App() {
 
   const openDM = (targetNick) => {
     if (targetNick === nickRef.current) return;
+    // Show the direct-message tab. Preact runs this update at once on
+    // the newest tab list, so the tab is found there by name: the
+    // server's copy of the user's message may already have added it,
+    // and other tabs may have opened or closed.
     setTabs((prev) => {
-      if (prev.find((t) => t.type === "dm" && t.name === targetNick))
+      const idx = prev.findIndex(
+        (t) => t.type === "dm" && t.name === targetNick,
+      );
+      if (idx >= 0) {
+        setActiveTab(idx);
+
         return prev;
+      }
+      setActiveTab(prev.length);
 
       return [...prev, { type: "dm", name: targetNick }];
     });
-    const idx = tabs.findIndex(
-      (t) => t.type === "dm" && t.name === targetNick,
-    );
-    setActiveTab(idx >= 0 ? idx : tabs.length);
   };
 
   const handleCommand = async (text) => {
@@ -846,7 +975,7 @@ function App() {
     switch (cmd) {
       case "/join": {
         if (parts[1]) joinChannel(parts[1]);
-        else addSystemMessage("Server", "Usage: /join #channel");
+        else addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, "Usage: /join #channel");
 
         break;
       }
@@ -855,7 +984,7 @@ function App() {
           const reason = parts.slice(1).join(" ") || undefined;
           partChannel(tab.name, reason);
         } else {
-          addSystemMessage("Server", "You are not in a channel");
+          addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, "You are not in a channel");
         }
 
         break;
@@ -876,19 +1005,19 @@ function App() {
             openDM(target);
           } catch (err) {
             addSystemMessage(
-              "Server",
+              SERVER_TAB,
               `Message failed: ${err.data?.error || "error"}`,
             );
           }
         } else {
-          addSystemMessage("Server", "Usage: /msg <nick> <message>");
+          addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, "Usage: /msg <nick> <message>");
         }
 
         break;
       }
       case "/me": {
         if (tab.type === "server") {
-          addSystemMessage("Server", "Cannot use /me in server window");
+          addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, "Cannot use /me in server window");
 
           break;
         }
@@ -910,7 +1039,7 @@ function App() {
             );
           }
         } else {
-          addSystemMessage("Server", "Usage: /me <action>");
+          addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, "Usage: /me <action>");
         }
 
         break;
@@ -924,19 +1053,19 @@ function App() {
             });
           } catch (err) {
             addSystemMessage(
-              "Server",
+              SERVER_TAB,
               `Nick change failed: ${err.data?.error || "error"}`,
             );
           }
         } else {
-          addSystemMessage("Server", "Usage: /nick <newnick>");
+          addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, "Usage: /nick <newnick>");
         }
 
         break;
       }
       case "/topic": {
         if (tab.type !== "channel") {
-          addSystemMessage("Server", "You are not in a channel");
+          addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, "You are not in a channel");
 
           break;
         }
@@ -953,13 +1082,13 @@ function App() {
             });
           } catch (err) {
             addSystemMessage(
-              "Server",
+              SERVER_TAB,
               `Topic change failed: ${err.data?.error || "error"}`,
             );
           }
         } else {
           addSystemMessage(
-            "Server",
+            SERVER_TAB,
             `Current topic for ${tab.name}: ${topics[tab.name] || "(none)"}`,
           );
         }
@@ -968,31 +1097,26 @@ function App() {
       }
       case "/mode": {
         if (tab.type !== "channel") {
-          addSystemMessage("Server", "You are not in a channel");
+          addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, "You are not in a channel");
 
           break;
         }
+        // With no arguments MODE is a query. A change is one sign and
+        // letter, then its value where it takes one: +m, +o nick.
         const modeArgs = parts.slice(1);
-        if (modeArgs.length > 0) {
+        const body =
+          modeArgs.length > 0
+            ? { command: "MODE", to: tab.name, body: modeArgs }
+            : { command: "MODE", to: tab.name };
         try {
           await api("/messages", {
             method: "POST",
-              body: JSON.stringify({
+            body: JSON.stringify(body),
-                command: "MODE",
-                to: tab.name,
-                params: modeArgs,
-              }),
           });
         } catch (err) {
           addSystemMessage(
-              "Server",
+            SERVER_TAB,
-              `Mode change failed: ${err.data?.error || "error"}`,
+            `MODE failed: ${err.data?.error || "error"}`,
-            );
-          }
-        } else {
-          addSystemMessage(
-            "Server",
-            "Usage: /mode <+/-mode> [params]",
           );
         }
 
@@ -1009,7 +1133,6 @@ function App() {
         } catch (e) {
           // Ignore.
         }
-        localStorage.removeItem("neoirc_token");
         localStorage.removeItem("neoirc_channels");
         window.location.reload();
 
@@ -1023,7 +1146,7 @@ function App() {
           });
         } catch (err) {
           addSystemMessage(
-            "Server",
+            SERVER_TAB,
             `Failed to request MOTD: ${err.data?.error || "error"}`,
           );
         }
@@ -1047,13 +1170,13 @@ function App() {
               });
             } catch (err) {
               addSystemMessage(
-                "Server",
+                SERVER_TAB,
                 `Message failed: ${err.data?.error || "error"}`,
               );
             }
           }
         } else {
-          addSystemMessage("Server", "Usage: /query <nick> [message]");
+          addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, "Usage: /query <nick> [message]");
         }
 
         break;
@@ -1066,7 +1189,7 @@ function App() {
           });
         } catch (err) {
           addSystemMessage(
-            "Server",
+            SERVER_TAB,
             `Failed to list channels: ${err.data?.error || "error"}`,
           );
         }
@@ -1083,12 +1206,12 @@ function App() {
             });
           } catch (err) {
             addSystemMessage(
-              "Server",
+              SERVER_TAB,
               `WHO failed: ${err.data?.error || "error"}`,
             );
           }
         } else {
-          addSystemMessage("Server", "Usage: /who #channel");
+          addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, "Usage: /who #channel");
         }
 
         break;
@@ -1102,12 +1225,12 @@ function App() {
             });
           } catch (err) {
             addSystemMessage(
-              "Server",
+              SERVER_TAB,
               `WHOIS failed: ${err.data?.error || "error"}`,
             );
           }
         } else {
-          addSystemMessage("Server", "Usage: /whois <nick>");
+          addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, "Usage: /whois <nick>");
         }
 
         break;
@@ -1128,7 +1251,7 @@ function App() {
           "  /me action            — Send an action",
           "  /nick newnick         — Change your nickname",
           "  /topic [text]         — View or set channel topic",
-          "  /mode +/-flags        — Set channel modes",
+          "  /mode [+/-flag [arg]] — View or set channel modes",
           "  /motd                 — Display the message of the day",
           "  /list                 — List all channels",
           "  /who [#channel]       — List users in a channel",
@@ -1138,13 +1261,13 @@ function App() {
           "  /help                 — Show this help",
         ];
         for (const line of helpLines) {
-          addSystemMessage("Server", line);
+          addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, line);
         }
 
         break;
       }
       default:
-        addSystemMessage("Server", `Unknown command: ${cmd}`);
+        addSystemMessage(SERVER_TAB, `Unknown command: ${cmd}`);
     }
   };
 
@@ -1173,7 +1296,7 @@ function App() {
 
     if (tab.type === "server") {
       addSystemMessage(
-        "Server",
+        SERVER_TAB,
         "Cannot send messages to the server window. Use /join #channel first.",
       );
 
@@ -1244,7 +1367,7 @@ function App() {
               key={tab.name}
             >
               <span class="tab-label">
-                {tab.type === "dm" ? tab.name : tab.name}
+                {tab.type === "server" ? "Server" : tab.name}
               </span>
               {unread[tab.name] > 0 && i !== activeTab && (
                 <span class="unread-count">({unread[tab.name]})</span>