Render admin page errors in the normal layout (closes #382)

Every 400, 403, 404 and 500 on an admin page now answers with an
error page in the normal layout: one fixed line for the status and a
link back to the webhook list, or to sign-in when nobody is signed
in. The router's handler for unknown paths, the CSRF middleware's
refusal and a panic in an admin page route group use the same page;
each such group has its own recoverer and error reporting for that.
The page always sends Cache-Control: no-store. Status codes are
unchanged. The receiver, the healthcheck and /metrics keep their
plain answers. If the error page cannot render, or panics, the answer
is the same status in plain text.

Model: opus-5-5

internal/handlers/auth.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleLoginSubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
 			h.log.Error("failed to parse form", "error", err)
-			http.Error(w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -166,11 +166,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) authenticateUser(
 
 	valid, err := database.VerifyPassword(password, user.Password)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.log.Error("failed to verify password", "error", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to verify password", err)
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
 
 		return user, err
 	}
@@ -242,24 +238,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) createAuthenticatedSession(
 ) error {
 	oldSess, err := h.session.Get(r)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.log.Error("failed to get session", "error", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get session", err)
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
 
 		return err
 	}
 
 	sess, err := h.session.Regenerate(r, w, oldSess)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.log.Error(
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to regenerate session", err)
-			"failed to regenerate session", "error", err,
-		)
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
 
 		return err
 	}
@@ -268,11 +254,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) createAuthenticatedSession(
 
 	err = h.session.Save(r, w, sess)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.log.Error("failed to save session", "error", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to save session", err)
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
 
 		return err
 	}

internal/handlers/delivery_replay.go

@@ -105,9 +105,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleDeliveryReplay() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -124,14 +122,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) replayDelivery(
 	webhook database.Webhook,
 ) {
 	if !h.dbMgr.DBExists(webhook.ID) {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 		return
 	}
 
 	webhookDB, err := h.dbMgr.GetDB(webhook.ID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to get webhook database", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get webhook database", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) loadReplaySource(
 			&original, "id = ?", chi.URLParam(r, "deliveryID"),
 		).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 		return nil, false
 	}
@@ -195,7 +193,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) queueReplay(
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to count in-flight deliveries", err,
+			w, r, "failed to count in-flight deliveries", err,
 		)
 
 		return
@@ -212,7 +210,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) queueReplay(
 	err = webhookDB.
 		First(&event, "id = ?", original.EventID).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to load event for replay", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to load event for replay", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -222,7 +220,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) queueReplay(
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to create replay delivery", err,
+			w, r, "failed to create replay delivery", err,
 		)
 
 		return

internal/handlers/error_page_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package handlers_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"html/template"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/handlers"
+)
+
+// TestErrorPage_RenderFailureKeepsStatus proves that an error page
+// which cannot render answers with the status it was reporting, as
+// plain text, and is not attempted again: a page whose own render
+// fails reaches the error page, and the error page failing as well
+// ends there with the 500.
+func TestErrorPage_RenderFailureKeepsStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	var h *handlers.Handlers
+
+	app := newTestApp(t, &h)
+	app.RequireStart()
+
+	t.Cleanup(app.RequireStop)
+
+	// .Status is an int, so asking it for a field fails the render.
+	failing := `{{.Status.Missing}}`
+	h.AddTemplateForTest("error.html", template.Must(
+		template.New("error").Parse(failing),
+	))
+	h.AddTemplateForTest("failing.html", template.Must(
+		template.New("failing").Parse(`{{.Data.Missing}}`),
+	))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		context.Background(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+	)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusNotFound).ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Not Found\n", w.Body.String())
+
+	w = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.RenderTemplateForTest(w, req, "failing.html", 0)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Internal Server Error\n", w.Body.String())
+}

internal/handlers/event_body.go

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEventBodyDownload() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// steered by a client.
 		eventID, err := uuid.Parse(chi.URLParam(r, "eventID"))
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -103,21 +103,21 @@ func (h *Handlers) serveEventBody(
 	eventID string,
 ) {
 	if !h.dbMgr.DBExists(webhook.ID) {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 		return
 	}
 
 	webhookDB, err := h.dbMgr.GetDB(webhook.ID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to get webhook database", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get webhook database", err)
 
 		return
 	}
 
 	body, found, err := eventBody(webhookDB, webhook.ID, eventID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to read event body", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to read event body", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) serveEventBody(
 	// row and the whole body is served, or it does not and the
 	// response is a clean 404.
 	if !found {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 		return
 	}

internal/handlers/event_resubmit.go

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEventResubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -120,20 +120,20 @@ func (h *Handlers) resubmitEvent(
 	// alphabet rather than from the request.
 	eventID, err := uuid.Parse(chi.URLParam(r, "eventID"))
 	if err != nil {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 		return
 	}
 
 	if !h.dbMgr.DBExists(webhook.ID) {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 		return
 	}
 
 	webhookDB, err := h.dbMgr.GetDB(webhook.ID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to get webhook database", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get webhook database", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) resubmitEvent(
 		webhookDB, webhook.ID, eventID.String(),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to load event to resubmit", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to load event to resubmit", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) resubmitEvent(
 	// A miss is a 404 whether the event was reaped, belongs to
 	// another webhook, or never existed.
 	if !found {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) queueResubmit(
 	// inactive one is skipped rather than refused.
 	targets, err := h.loadActiveTargets(webhook.ID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to query targets", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to query targets", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) queueResubmit(
 		targets,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to store resubmitted event", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to store resubmitted event", err)
 
 		return
 	}

internal/handlers/export_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package handlers
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"html/template"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 
 	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/database"
 )
@@ -63,12 +65,20 @@ func (s *Handlers) LoadEventLogViewsForTest(
 	page int,
 ) []EventLogView {
 	views, _, _ := s.loadEventsWithDeliveries(
-		w, webhook, nil, page,
+		w, newRequestForTest(), webhook, nil, page,
 	)
 
 	return views
 }
 
+// newRequestForTest is the request the helpers here pass on for
+// callers that have none: it is used only to render the error page.
+func newRequestForTest() *http.Request {
+	return httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		context.Background(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+	)
+}
+
 // AddTemplateForTest registers a template under a page name so that
 // the handlers_test package can drive the render path with a
 // template of its own.
@@ -122,5 +132,5 @@ func (s *Handlers) BuildDatabaseTargetConfigForTest(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
 	expiry string,
 ) (string, error) {
-	return s.buildDatabaseTargetConfig(w, expiry)
+	return s.buildDatabaseTargetConfig(w, newRequestForTest(), expiry)
 }

internal/handlers/handlers.go

@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ func New(
 		"source_edit.html":   parsePageTemplate("source_edit.html"),
 		"source_logs.html":   parsePageTemplate("source_logs.html"),
 		"target_edit.html":   parsePageTemplate("target_edit.html"),
+		"error.html":         parsePageTemplate("error.html"),
 	}
 
 	lc.Append(fx.Hook{
@@ -146,6 +147,15 @@ func New(
 	return s, nil
 }
 
+// HandleErrorPage returns a handler that answers every request with
+// the error page for status. The router uses it for unknown paths and
+// the CSRF middleware for a refused form.
+func (s *Handlers) HandleErrorPage(status int) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		s.renderError(w, r, status)
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *Handlers) respondJSON(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
 	_ *http.Request,
@@ -163,15 +173,76 @@ func (s *Handlers) respondJSON(
 	}
 }
 
-// serverError logs an error and sends a 500 response.
+// serverError logs an error and answers with the 500 error page.
 func (s *Handlers) serverError(
-	w http.ResponseWriter, msg string, err error,
+	w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, msg string, err error,
 ) {
 	s.log.Error(msg, "error", err)
-	http.Error(
+	s.renderError(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		w, "Internal server error",
+}
-		http.StatusInternalServerError,
+
-	)
+// renderError answers with status and the error page: the normal
+// layout, one fixed line explaining the status, and a link back to the
+// webhook list, or to sign-in when nobody is signed in.
+//
+// It renders the page itself rather than through renderTemplate,
+// whose own failure comes here. If the error page cannot render
+// either, the answer is the same status in plain text: never a second
+// attempt, and never a different status.
+func (s *Handlers) renderError(
+	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
+	status int,
+) {
+	// The page names the signed-in user, and some error pages are
+	// served outside the routes where NoCache runs.
+	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+
+	data := s.pageData(r, map[string]any{
+		"Status":     status,
+		"StatusText": http.StatusText(status),
+		"Message":    errorPageText(status),
+	})
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+	err := s.templates["error.html"].Execute(&buf, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.log.Error("failed to render error page", "error", err)
+		http.Error(w, http.StatusText(status), status)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	w.WriteHeader(status)
+
+	_, err = buf.WriteTo(w)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.log.Error("failed to write error page", "error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// errorPageText is the line the error page shows for status. It is
+// fixed per status, so the page tells the reader no more than the
+// plain-text answers it replaced did.
+func errorPageText(status int) string {
+	switch status {
+	case http.StatusBadRequest:
+		return "The request could not be read."
+	case http.StatusForbidden:
+		return "The request was refused. If it came from a form " +
+			"left open for a long time, reload the page and try " +
+			"again."
+	case http.StatusNotFound:
+		return "There is nothing here. It may have been deleted, " +
+			"or the address may be wrong."
+	case http.StatusServiceUnavailable:
+		return "The server is busy. Please try again in a moment."
+	default: // http.StatusInternalServerError
+		return "Something went wrong on the server. Please try " +
+			"again."
+	}
 }
 
 // UserInfo represents user information for templates
@@ -224,14 +295,17 @@ func (s *Handlers) renderTemplate(
 			"template not found",
 			"template", pageTemplate,
 		)
-		http.Error(
+		s.renderError(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError)
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
 
 		return
 	}
 
+	s.executeTemplate(w, r, tmpl, s.pageData(r, data))
+}
+
+// pageData adds the fields the shared layout renders to a page's own
+// data.
+func (s *Handlers) pageData(r *http.Request, data any) any {
 	userInfo := s.getUserInfo(r)
 	csrfToken := middleware.CSRFToken(r)
 
@@ -245,19 +319,16 @@ func (s *Handlers) renderTemplate(
 		m["User"] = userInfo
 		m["CSRFToken"] = csrfToken
 		m["Version"] = version
-		s.executeTemplate(w, tmpl, m)
 
-		return
+		return m
 	}
 
-	wrapper := templateDataWrapper{
+	return templateDataWrapper{
 		User:      userInfo,
 		CSRFToken: csrfToken,
 		Version:   version,
 		Data:      data,
 	}
-
-	s.executeTemplate(w, tmpl, wrapper)
 }
 
 // executeTemplate renders the template into a buffer and writes to
@@ -270,6 +341,7 @@ func (s *Handlers) renderTemplate(
 // this reason.
 func (s *Handlers) executeTemplate(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
 	tmpl *template.Template,
 	data any,
 ) {
@@ -280,10 +352,7 @@ func (s *Handlers) executeTemplate(
 		s.log.Error(
 			"failed to execute template", "error", err,
 		)
-		http.Error(
+		s.renderError(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError)
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
 
 		return
 	}

internal/handlers/handlers_test.go

@@ -307,10 +307,14 @@ func TestRenderTemplateMidRenderErrorSendsNoPartialBody(t *testing.T) {
 		t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code,
 		"a failed render must report a 500",
 	)
-	assert.Equal(
+	assert.NotContains(
-		t, "Internal server error\n", w.Body.String(),
+		t, w.Body.String(), partialPageMarker,
 		"the response must carry no part of the aborted page",
 	)
+	assert.Contains(
+		t, w.Body.String(), "500 Internal Server Error",
+		"a failed render must answer with the error page",
+	)
 }
 
 func TestBuildDatabaseTargetConfig_Valid(t *testing.T) {

internal/handlers/profile.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package handlers
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
@@ -37,14 +36,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandlePasswordChange() http.HandlerFunc {
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
 			h.log.Error("failed to parse form", "error", err)
-			http.Error(w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
 		}
 
 		successMessage, errorMessage, handled := h.applyPasswordChange(
-			r.Context(),
 			w,
+			r,
 			sessionUsername,
 			// PostFormValue, not FormValue: the credential must
 			// come from the body, never from the query string.
@@ -66,12 +65,12 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandlePasswordChange() http.HandlerFunc {
 // applyPasswordChange verifies the current password and, on success,
 // persists a fresh hash for the user, reusing the same helpers that
 // bootstrap the admin user. It returns the success and error messages
-// to display on the profile page. On an internal failure it writes a
+// to display on the profile page. On an internal failure it writes the
-// 500 response itself and returns handled=false, signalling the caller
+// error page itself and returns handled=false, signalling the caller
 // to stop without re-rendering the page.
 func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(
-	ctx context.Context,
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
 	username, currentPassword, newPassword, confirmPassword string,
 ) (string, string, bool) {
 	// This endpoint verifies one password and hashes another, at
@@ -79,15 +78,10 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(
 	// endpoint uses. The bound is per hash, not per endpoint: leaving
 	// this path outside it would leave a hole in it. The slot is held
 	// across both hashes.
-	release, ok := h.mw.BeginPasswordVerification(ctx)
+	release, ok := h.mw.BeginPasswordVerification(r.Context())
 	if !ok {
 		h.log.Warn("password verification capacity exhausted")
-		http.Error(
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
-			w,
-			"The server is busy verifying credentials. "+
-				"Please try again.",
-			http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
-		)
 
 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -103,7 +97,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(
 	).First(&user).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to load user for password change", err,
+			w, r, "failed to load user for password change", err,
 		)
 
 		return "", "", false
@@ -113,7 +107,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(
 		currentPassword, user.Password,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to verify password", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to verify password", err)
 
 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -132,7 +126,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(
 
 	hashedPassword, err := database.HashPassword(newPassword)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to hash new password", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to hash new password", err)
 
 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -141,7 +135,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(
 		"password", hashedPassword,
 	).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to update password", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to update password", err)
 
 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -162,7 +156,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) profileOwnerOrDeny(
 ) (string, string, bool) {
 	requestedUsername := chi.URLParam(r, "username")
 	if requestedUsername == "" {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -172,7 +166,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) profileOwnerOrDeny(
 	// unexpected retrieval error.
 	sess, err := h.session.Get(r)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to get session", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get session", err)
 
 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -180,10 +174,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) profileOwnerOrDeny(
 	sessionUsername, ok := h.session.GetUsername(sess)
 	if !ok {
 		h.log.Error("authenticated session missing username")
-		http.Error(
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError)
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
 
 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -191,17 +182,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) profileOwnerOrDeny(
 	sessionUserID, ok := h.session.GetUserID(sess)
 	if !ok {
 		h.log.Error("authenticated session missing user ID")
-		http.Error(
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError)
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
 
 		return "", "", false
 	}
 
 	// Only allow users to act on their own profile.
 	if requestedUsername != sessionUsername {
-		http.Error(w, "Forbidden", http.StatusForbidden)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusForbidden)
 
 		return "", "", false
 	}

internal/handlers/profile_test.go

@@ -128,7 +128,9 @@ func TestUserRoute_Unauthenticated_RedirectedByMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var sess *session.Session
 
-	app := newTestApp(t, &log, &cfg, &sess)
+	var h *handlers.Handlers
+
+	app := newTestApp(t, &log, &cfg, &sess, &h)
 	app.RequireStart()
 
 	t.Cleanup(app.RequireStop)
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ func TestUserRoute_Unauthenticated_RedirectedByMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 
 	router := chi.NewRouter()
 	router.Route("/user/{username}", func(r chi.Router) {
-		r.Use(mw.CSRF())
+		r.Use(mw.CSRF(h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusForbidden)))
 		r.Use(mw.RequireAuth())
 		r.Get("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 			handlerReached = true

internal/handlers/source_management.go

@@ -149,13 +149,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceList() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"user_id = ?", userID,
 		).Order("created_at DESC").Find(&webhooks).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			h.log.Error(
+			h.serverError(w, r, "failed to list webhooks", err)
-				"failed to list webhooks", "error", err,
-			)
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Internal server error",
-				http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -249,9 +243,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceCreateSubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -311,7 +303,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) createWebhookWithEntrypoint(
 
 	err := h.commitWebhook(webhook)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to create webhook", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to create webhook", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -388,7 +380,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceDetail() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -420,7 +412,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) renderSourceDetail(
 	if h.dbMgr.DBExists(webhook.ID) {
 		webhookDB, err := h.dbMgr.GetDB(webhook.ID)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.serverError(w, "failed to get webhook database", err)
+			h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get webhook database", err)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -429,7 +421,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) renderSourceDetail(
 			webhookDB, webhook.ID, singleHTTPTargetID(targets),
 		)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.serverError(w, "failed to load recent events", err)
+			h.serverError(w, r, "failed to load recent events", err)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -482,7 +474,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -517,7 +509,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceEditSubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -526,9 +518,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceEditSubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err = r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -582,7 +572,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyWebhookEdit(
 
 	err := h.db.DB().Save(webhook).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to update webhook", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to update webhook", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -612,7 +602,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceDelete() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -639,7 +629,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) deleteWebhookResources(
 	// be removed by hand; deleted history cannot be recovered.
 	err := h.commitWebhookDeletion(&webhook)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to delete webhook", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to delete webhook", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -665,7 +655,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) deleteWebhookResources(
 		// redirecting as though everything succeeded: the file
 		// needs removing by hand, and the logged error names it.
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to delete webhook event database", err,
+			w, r, "failed to delete webhook event database", err,
 		)
 
 		return
@@ -809,7 +799,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) ownedWebhook(
 		"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 	).First(&webhook).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 		return database.Webhook{}, false
 	}
@@ -831,7 +821,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceLogs() http.HandlerFunc {
 			// Without the map every delivery renders through a
 			// zero redactor, so failing the page is the only
 			// safe answer.
-			h.serverError(w, "failed to load targets", err)
+			h.serverError(w, r, "failed to load targets", err)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -839,7 +829,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceLogs() http.HandlerFunc {
 		page := h.parsePage(r)
 
 		evts, total, ok := h.loadEventsWithDeliveries(
-			w, webhook, targets, page,
+			w, r, webhook, targets, page,
 		)
 		if !ok {
 			return
@@ -949,6 +939,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) parsePage(r *http.Request) int {
 // caller must then render nothing further.
 func (h *Handlers) loadEventsWithDeliveries(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
 	webhook database.Webhook,
 	targetMap map[string]eventLogTarget,
 	page int,
@@ -962,7 +953,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) loadEventsWithDeliveries(
 	webhookDB, err := h.dbMgr.GetDB(webhook.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to get webhook database", err,
+			w, r, "failed to get webhook database", err,
 		)
 
 		return nil, 0, false
@@ -999,7 +990,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) loadEventsWithDeliveries(
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to load delivery attempts", err,
+			w, r, "failed to load delivery attempts", err,
 		)
 
 		return nil, 0, false
@@ -1008,7 +999,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) loadEventsWithDeliveries(
 	resubmits, err := resubmitCounts(webhookDB, eventIDs)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to count event resubmissions", err,
+			w, r, "failed to count event resubmissions", err,
 		)
 
 		return nil, 0, false
@@ -1231,7 +1222,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEntrypointCreate() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1240,9 +1231,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEntrypointCreate() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err = r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1258,7 +1247,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEntrypointCreate() http.HandlerFunc {
 
 		err = h.db.DB().Create(entrypoint).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			h.serverError(w, "failed to create entrypoint", err)
+			h.serverError(w, r, "failed to create entrypoint", err)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1289,7 +1278,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleTargetCreate() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1298,9 +1287,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleTargetCreate() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err = r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1371,7 +1358,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) processTargetCreate(
 
 	err = h.db.DB().Create(target).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to create target", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to create target", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -1465,7 +1452,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) buildTargetConfig(
 	case database.TargetTypeSlack:
 		return h.buildSlackTargetConfig(w, r, in.URL)
 	case database.TargetTypeDatabase:
-		return h.buildDatabaseTargetConfig(w, in.Expiry)
+		return h.buildDatabaseTargetConfig(w, r, in.Expiry)
 	case database.TargetTypeLog:
 		return "", nil
 	default:
@@ -1515,7 +1502,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) buildHTTPTargetConfig(
 		return "", err
 	}
 
-	return marshalTargetConfig(w, delivery.HTTPTargetConfig{
+	return h.marshalTargetConfig(w, r, delivery.HTTPTargetConfig{
 		URL:     in.URL,
 		Headers: headers,
 		Timeout: timeout,
@@ -1537,7 +1524,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) buildSlackTargetConfig(
 		return "", err
 	}
 
-	return marshalTargetConfig(w, delivery.SlackTargetConfig{
+	return h.marshalTargetConfig(w, r, delivery.SlackTargetConfig{
 		WebhookURL: targetURL,
 	})
 }
@@ -1591,16 +1578,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) validateTargetURL(
 
 // marshalTargetConfig serialises a target configuration for storage,
 // writing a 500 itself if it cannot.
-func marshalTargetConfig(
+func (h *Handlers) marshalTargetConfig(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
 	cfg any,
 ) (string, error) {
 	configBytes, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
-		http.Error(
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to encode target config", err)
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
 
 		return "", err
 	}
@@ -1616,6 +1601,7 @@ func marshalTargetConfig(
 // expiry yields an empty config (the keep-forever default).
 func (h *Handlers) buildDatabaseTargetConfig(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
 	expiry string,
 ) (string, error) {
 	expiry = strings.TrimSpace(expiry)
@@ -1634,8 +1620,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) buildDatabaseTargetConfig(
 		return "", err
 	}
 
-	return marshalTargetConfig(
+	return h.marshalTargetConfig(
-		w, map[string]any{"expiry": expiry},
+		w, r, map[string]any{"expiry": expiry},
 	)
 }
 
@@ -1689,7 +1675,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) deleteChildResource(
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1699,11 +1685,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) deleteChildResource(
 			childID, webhook.ID,
 		).Delete(model)
 		if result.Error != nil {
-			h.log.Error(errMsg, "error", result.Error)
+			h.serverError(w, r, errMsg, result.Error)
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Internal server error",
-				http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -1793,18 +1775,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) toggleChildResource(
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 			return
 		}
 
 		err = toggleFn(webhook.ID, childID)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.log.Error(errMsg, "error", err)
+			h.serverError(w, r, errMsg, err)
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Internal server error",
-				http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			)
 
 			return
 		}

internal/handlers/target_edit.go

@@ -88,9 +88,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleTargetEditSubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -157,7 +155,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyTargetEdit(
 
 	err = h.db.DB().Save(target).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to update target", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to update target", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -220,7 +218,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) ownedTarget(
 		chi.URLParam(r, "targetID"), webhook.ID,
 	).First(&target).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)
 
 		return database.Webhook{}, nil, false
 	}

internal/handlers/webhook.go

@@ -88,14 +88,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) processWebhookRequest(
 
 	headersJSON, err := json.Marshal(r.Header)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to serialize headers", err)
+		h.receiverError(w, "failed to serialize headers", err)
 
 		return
 	}
 
 	targets, err := h.loadActiveTargets(entrypoint.WebhookID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to query targets", err)
+		h.receiverError(w, "failed to query targets", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) createAndDeliverEvent(
 		targets,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to store webhook event", err)
+		h.receiverError(w, "failed to store webhook event", err)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -204,6 +204,19 @@ func (h *Handlers) createAndDeliverEvent(
 	h.finishWebhookResponse(w, event, entrypoint, tasks)
 }
 
+// receiverError logs an error and answers the sender with a plain-text
+// 500. The receiver's answers are for programs, so it never sends the
+// error page the web UI uses.
+func (h *Handlers) receiverError(
+	w http.ResponseWriter, msg string, err error,
+) {
+	h.log.Error(msg, "error", err)
+	http.Error(
+		w, "Internal server error",
+		http.StatusInternalServerError,
+	)
+}
+
 // eventSource carries the fields a new event is built from. The
 // receiver fills it from the live request; the resubmit handler fills
 // it from a stored event. Both then go through createAndFanOut, so an

internal/middleware/csrf.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func CSRFToken(r *http.Request) string {
 // key to sign a CSRF cookie and validates a masked token submitted via
 // the "csrf_token" form field (or the "X-CSRF-Token" header) on
 // POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE requests. Requests with an invalid or missing
-// token receive a 403 Forbidden response.
+// token are logged and answered by forbidden, which must write the 403.
 //
 // The middleware detects the client-facing transport protocol
 // per-request via reqtls.IsTLS, the single TLS predicate the session
@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ func CSRFToken(r *http.Request) string {
 // Two gorilla/csrf instances are maintained — one with Secure cookies
 // (for TLS) and one without (for plaintext HTTP) — because the
 // csrf.Secure option is set at creation time, not per-request.
-func (m *Middleware) CSRF() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+func (m *Middleware) CSRF(
+	forbidden http.Handler,
+) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	csrfErrorHandler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		// CSRF is registered ahead of RequireAuth on every route
 		// group that uses it, so this WARN is reachable by an
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ func (m *Middleware) CSRF() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 			"remote_addr", r.RemoteAddr,
 			"reason", csrf.FailureReason(r),
 		)
-		http.Error(w, "Forbidden - invalid CSRF token", http.StatusForbidden)
+		forbidden.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 	})
 
 	key := m.session.GetKey()

internal/middleware/csrf_test.go

@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@ import (
 // csrfCookieName is the gorilla/csrf cookie name.
 const csrfCookieName = "_gorilla_csrf"
 
+// forbidden stands in for the error page the server hands CSRF to
+// answer a refused request with.
+func forbidden(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+}
+
 // csrfGetToken performs a GET request through the CSRF middleware
 // and returns the token and cookies.
 func csrfGetToken(
@@ -98,7 +104,7 @@ func TestCSRF_GETSetsToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var gotToken string
 
-	handler := m.CSRF()(http.HandlerFunc(
+	handler := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))(http.HandlerFunc(
 		func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			gotToken = middleware.CSRFToken(r)
 		},
@@ -120,7 +126,7 @@ func TestCSRF_POSTWithValidToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, config.EnvironmentDev)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))
 
 	getReq := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 		context.Background(),
@@ -152,7 +158,7 @@ func csrfPOSTWithoutTokenTest(
 	t.Helper()
 
 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, env)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))
 
 	// GET to establish the CSRF cookie
 	getHandler := csrfMW(http.HandlerFunc(
@@ -209,7 +215,7 @@ func TestCSRF_POSTWithInvalidToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, config.EnvironmentDev)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))
 
 	// GET to establish the CSRF cookie
 	getHandler := csrfMW(http.HandlerFunc(
@@ -265,7 +271,7 @@ func TestCSRF_GETDoesNotValidate(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var called bool
 
-	handler := m.CSRF()(http.HandlerFunc(
+	handler := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))(http.HandlerFunc(
 		func(_ http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 			called = true
 		},
@@ -328,7 +334,7 @@ func csrfTookStrictPath(
 	t.Helper()
 
 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, env)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))
 
 	newReq := func(method string) *http.Request {
 		r := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
@@ -477,7 +483,7 @@ func TestCSRF_ProdMode_PlaintextHTTP_POSTWithValidToken(
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, config.EnvironmentProd)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))
 
 	getReq := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 		context.Background(),
@@ -517,7 +523,7 @@ func TestCSRF_ProdMode_BehindProxy_POSTWithValidToken(
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, config.EnvironmentProd)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))
 
 	getReq := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 		context.Background(),
@@ -562,7 +568,7 @@ func TestCSRF_ProdMode_DirectTLS_POSTWithValidToken(
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, config.EnvironmentProd)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))
 
 	getReq := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 		context.Background(),

internal/middleware/logbound_test.go

@@ -260,7 +260,9 @@ func logSites() map[string]logSite {
 			) http.Handler {
 				t.Helper()
 
-				return m.CSRF()(unreachable(t))
+				return m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))(
+					unreachable(t),
+				)
 			},
 			send:       postNoToken,
 			wantStatus: http.StatusForbidden,

internal/middleware/recoverer.go

@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@ func (w *recoverResponseWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
 
 // Recoverer returns middleware that turns a handler panic into one
 // structured ERROR record and a 500, rather than a dropped
-// connection.
+// connection. The 500 is page when page is not nil, and plain text
+// when it is nil or when page panics before writing anything.
 //
 // It replaces chi's middleware.Recoverer, which does neither on a
 // current Go release. chi v1.5.5's pretty-printer scans the stack for
@@ -138,7 +139,9 @@ func (w *recoverResponseWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
 // set before panicking, because a request that failed must not hand
 // the client a credential; every other header is left to http.Error.
 // See https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/webhooker/issues/193.
-func (s *Middleware) Recoverer() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+func (s *Middleware) Recoverer(
+	page http.Handler,
+) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(
 			w http.ResponseWriter,
@@ -171,6 +174,14 @@ func (s *Middleware) Recoverer() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 
 				rw.Header().Del("Set-Cookie")
 
+				if page != nil {
+					s.servePage(rw, r, page)
+				}
+
+				if rw.committed {
+					return
+				}
+
 				http.Error(
 					rw,
 					http.StatusText(
@@ -185,6 +196,27 @@ func (s *Middleware) Recoverer() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	}
 }
 
+// servePage answers with page. A panic in page itself is logged and
+// recovered here, so the Recoverer can still send its plain 500.
+func (s *Middleware) servePage(
+	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
+	page http.Handler,
+) {
+	defer func() {
+		rvr := recover()
+		if rvr != nil {
+			s.log.Error("error page panic",
+				"panic", logfield.Truncate(
+					fmt.Sprint(rvr), maxPanicValueBytes,
+				),
+			)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	page.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+}
+
 // logPanic writes the record. Every field it can grow is truncated to
 // a fixed budget, so MaxPanicLogLineBytes holds.
 //

internal/middleware/recoverer_test.go

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func newRecovererProbe(
 	// Logging outside so the recovered 500 is the status it records.
 	router.Use(chimw.RequestID)
 	router.Use(m.Logging())
-	router.Use(m.Recoverer())
+	router.Use(m.Recoverer(nil))
 	router.Get("/probe", handler)
 
 	serverErrors := new(bytes.Buffer)
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ func TestRecovererKeepsResponseControllerWorking(t *testing.T) {
 
 	m, _ := capturingMiddleware(t)
 
-	handler := m.Recoverer()(http.HandlerFunc(
+	handler := m.Recoverer(nil)(http.HandlerFunc(
 		func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("chunk"))
 
@@ -672,3 +672,59 @@ func TestRecovererKeepsResponseControllerWorking(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)
 	assert.Equal(t, "chunk", string(body))
 }
+
+// TestRecovererAnswersWithThePage covers a recoverer given a page:
+// the panic is logged as before, and the 500 is that page.
+func TestRecovererAnswersWithThePage(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	m, logs := capturingMiddleware(t)
+
+	page := http.HandlerFunc(
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("the error page"))
+		},
+	)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	m.Recoverer(page)(http.HandlerFunc(panicProbe)).ServeHTTP(
+		w, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+		),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "the error page", w.Body.String())
+	assert.Contains(t, logs.String(), `"msg":"handler panic"`)
+	assert.Contains(t, logs.String(), panicMarker)
+}
+
+// TestRecovererFallsBackWhenThePagePanics covers a page that panics
+// before writing anything: both panics are logged, and the client
+// still gets the plain 500.
+func TestRecovererFallsBackWhenThePagePanics(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	m, logs := capturingMiddleware(t)
+
+	const pagePanic = "QQERRORPAGEPANICQQ"
+
+	page := http.HandlerFunc(
+		func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {
+			panic(pagePanic)
+		},
+	)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	m.Recoverer(page)(http.HandlerFunc(panicProbe)).ServeHTTP(
+		w, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+		),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Internal Server Error\n", w.Body.String())
+	assert.Contains(t, logs.String(), panicMarker)
+	assert.Contains(t, logs.String(), pagePanic)
+}

internal/server/error_page_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+package server_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/getsentry/sentry-go"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/config"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/server"
+)
+
+// The link back the error page offers: to the webhook list for a
+// signed-in user, to sign-in for anyone else.
+const (
+	backToWebhooks = `<a href="/sources" class="btn-secondary">` +
+		`Back to webhooks</a>`
+	backToSignIn = `<a href="/pages/login" class="btn-primary">` +
+		`Sign in</a>`
+)
+
+// assertErrorPage checks that w is the error page for status, in the
+// normal layout, offering link.
+func assertErrorPage(
+	t *testing.T,
+	w *httptest.ResponseRecorder,
+	status int,
+	link string,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	body := w.Body.String()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, status, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(
+		t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"),
+	)
+	assert.Equal(t, "no-store", w.Header().Get("Cache-Control"))
+	assert.Contains(t, body, `<nav class="app-bar"`)
+	assert.Contains(
+		t, body, strconv.Itoa(status)+" "+http.StatusText(status),
+	)
+	assert.Contains(t, body, link)
+}
+
+func TestErrorPage_DeletedWebhook(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	userID, _ := env.seedUser(t, "owner", "somepassword")
+	cookies := env.authCookies(t, userID, "owner")
+
+	wh := env.seedWebhook(t, userID)
+	require.NoError(t, env.db.DB().Delete(wh).Error)
+
+	w := env.get("/source/"+wh.ID, cookies)
+
+	assertErrorPage(t, w, http.StatusNotFound, backToWebhooks)
+}
+
+func TestErrorPage_DeletedTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	userID, _ := env.seedUser(t, "owner", "somepassword")
+	cookies := env.authCookies(t, userID, "owner")
+
+	wh := env.seedWebhook(t, userID)
+	tgt := env.seedTarget(t, wh.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, env.db.DB().Delete(tgt).Error)
+
+	w := env.get(
+		"/source/"+wh.ID+"/targets/"+tgt.ID+"/edit", cookies,
+	)
+
+	assertErrorPage(t, w, http.StatusNotFound, backToWebhooks)
+}
+
+func TestErrorPage_UnknownPath(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	userID, _ := env.seedUser(t, "owner", "somepassword")
+	cookies := env.authCookies(t, userID, "owner")
+
+	assertErrorPage(
+		t, env.get("/no-such-page", nil),
+		http.StatusNotFound, backToSignIn,
+	)
+
+	// Outside every route group there is no form token, so the
+	// page leaves out the logout form rather than offer one that
+	// would be refused.
+	w := env.get("/no-such-page", cookies)
+	assertErrorPage(t, w, http.StatusNotFound, backToWebhooks)
+	assert.NotContains(t, w.Body.String(), `action="/pages/logout"`)
+
+	// Inside a route group the page has a token, and logout works.
+	wh := env.seedWebhook(t, userID)
+	w = env.get("/source/"+wh.ID+"/no-such-page", cookies)
+	assertErrorPage(t, w, http.StatusNotFound, backToWebhooks)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), `action="/pages/logout"`)
+}
+
+func TestErrorPage_BadCSRFToken(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	form := url.Values{}
+	form.Set("username", "someone")
+	form.Set("password", "irrelevant")
+	form.Set("csrf_token", "not-a-token")
+
+	assertErrorPage(
+		t, env.post("/pages/login", form, nil),
+		http.StatusForbidden, backToSignIn,
+	)
+
+	userID, _ := env.seedUser(t, "owner", "somepassword")
+	cookies := env.authCookies(t, userID, "owner")
+	wh := env.seedWebhook(t, userID)
+
+	edit := url.Values{}
+	edit.Set("name", "renamed")
+
+	assertErrorPage(
+		t, env.post("/source/"+wh.ID+"/edit", edit, cookies),
+		http.StatusForbidden, backToWebhooks,
+	)
+}
+
+// TestErrorPage_PanicOnAdminPage sends a panicking handler in an
+// admin page route group through the real router, with error
+// tracking on: the client gets the 500 error page, and the tracker
+// still gets the panic, once. The same panic outside the admin page
+// route groups keeps the plain 500.
+func TestErrorPage_PanicOnAdminPage(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	transport := &captureTransport{}
+
+	opts := server.SentryClientOptionsForTest(
+		"https://public@sentry.invalid/1", "webhooker-test",
+	)
+	opts.Transport = transport
+
+	client, err := sentry.NewClient(opts)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	serve := func(router http.Handler, path string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+		req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			sentry.SetHubOnContext(
+				context.Background(),
+				sentry.NewHub(client, sentry.NewScope()),
+			),
+			http.MethodGet, path, nil,
+		)
+
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		return w
+	}
+
+	w := serve(
+		server.NewRouterWithPageProbeForTest(
+			env.log.Get(), env.cfg, env.mw, env.hnd,
+			true, panicProbeHandler,
+		),
+		server.PageProbePattern,
+	)
+	assertErrorPage(t, w, http.StatusInternalServerError, backToSignIn)
+
+	w = serve(
+		server.NewRouterWithProbeForTest(
+			env.log.Get(), env.cfg, env.mw, env.hnd,
+			true, panicProbeHandler,
+		),
+		server.ProbePattern,
+	)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Internal Server Error\n", w.Body.String())
+
+	require.Len(t, transport.events, 2)
+
+	for _, event := range transport.events {
+		assert.Contains(t, marshalEvent(t, event), panicProbeMarker)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestErrorPage_ReceiverStaysPlain pins that the error page is for
+// the web UI only: a sender posting to an entrypoint that does not
+// exist still gets the plain-text answer.
+func TestErrorPage_ReceiverStaysPlain(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// newTestEnv leaves the receiver rate limit at zero, which
+	// refuses every request before it reaches the receiver.
+	env := newTestEnvWithConfig(t, &config.Config{
+		DataDir:           t.TempDir(),
+		Environment:       config.EnvironmentDev,
+		ReceiverRateLimit: 10,
+	})
+
+	w := env.post("/webhook/no-such-entrypoint", url.Values{}, nil)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "404 page not found\n", w.Body.String())
+}

internal/server/export_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/getsentry/sentry-go"
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/config"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/handlers"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/middleware"
@@ -101,3 +102,39 @@ func NewRouterWithProbeForTest(
 
 	return s.router
 }
+
+// PageProbePattern is where NewRouterWithPageProbeForTest serves its
+// probe: inside the /pages route group, the admin page group a
+// request reaches without signing in.
+const PageProbePattern = "/pages/probe"
+
+// NewRouterWithPageProbeForTest is NewRouterWithProbeForTest with the
+// probe added to the /pages route group once SetupRoutes has built
+// it, so the probe runs behind that group's own middleware exactly as
+// the group's real routes do.
+func NewRouterWithPageProbeForTest(
+	log *slog.Logger,
+	cfg *config.Config,
+	mw *middleware.Middleware,
+	h *handlers.Handlers,
+	sentryEnabled bool,
+	probe http.HandlerFunc,
+) http.Handler {
+	s := &Server{
+		log:    log,
+		mw:     mw,
+		h:      h,
+		params: ServerParams{Config: cfg},
+	}
+	s.sentryEnabled.Store(sentryEnabled)
+	s.SetupRoutes()
+
+	for _, route := range s.router.Routes() {
+		pages, ok := route.SubRoutes.(chi.Router)
+		if ok && route.Pattern == "/pages/*" {
+			pages.Get("/probe", probe)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return s.router
+}

internal/server/routes.go

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ import (
 // submission while preventing abuse from oversized payloads.
 //
 // Every route group below installs MaxBodySize(maxFormBodySize) as
-// its FIRST middleware, ahead of both CSRF and RequireAuth. Both
+// its first middleware after the recoverer, ahead of both CSRF and
-// orderings are deliberate.
+// RequireAuth. Both orderings are deliberate.
 //
 // Ahead of CSRF because gorilla/csrf parses the form. The cap has to
 // be installed before anything reads the body, or the parse runs
@@ -46,6 +46,14 @@ const requestTimeout = 60 * time.Second
 // server's router.
 func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
 	s.router = chi.NewRouter()
+
+	// An unknown path gets the error page. Registered before the
+	// global middleware, because chi wraps a not-found handler in the
+	// middleware already on its router, which would then run twice.
+	// The route groups below wrap it in their own middleware the same
+	// way; running theirs twice is harmless.
+	s.router.NotFound(s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusNotFound))
+
 	s.setupGlobalMiddleware()
 	s.setupRoutes()
 }
@@ -69,23 +77,33 @@ func (s *Server) setupGlobalMiddleware() {
 	// Panic recovery, deliberately here rather than first. It has to
 	// run inside every middleware that observes the response, so the
 	// 500 it writes is the status the access log records and the
-	// metrics count, and outside the sentryhttp handler below, whose
+	// metrics count, and outside the sentryhttp handler, whose
 	// Repanic option needs something further out to catch what it
 	// re-raises. chi's own middleware.Recoverer held the first slot
 	// until it was measured: on a current Go release it crashes
 	// inside its stack pretty-printer instead of recovering, so the
 	// connection dropped and the original panic was never reported.
 	// See https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/webhooker/issues/187.
-	s.router.Use(s.mw.Recoverer())
+	s.recoverPanics(s.router, nil)
+}
+
+// recoverPanics installs on r the recoverer, answering a panic with
+// page (a plain 500 when page is nil), and inside it the Sentry error
+// reporting (if SENTRY_DSN is set). Repanic is true so panics still
+// bubble up to the recoverer.
+//
+// Each admin page route group installs its own, with the error page,
+// as its first middleware. A panic there is logged, reported and
+// answered inside the group and never reaches the global recoverer,
+// which keeps the plain 500 for every other route.
+func (s *Server) recoverPanics(r chi.Router, page http.Handler) {
+	r.Use(s.mw.Recoverer(page))
 
-	// Sentry error reporting (if SENTRY_DSN is set). Repanic is
-	// true so panics still bubble up to the Recoverer middleware
-	// registered immediately above.
 	if s.sentryEnabled.Load() {
 		sentryHandler := sentryhttp.New(sentryhttp.Options{
 			Repanic: true,
 		})
-		s.router.Use(sentryHandler.Handle)
+		r.Use(sentryHandler.Handle)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -147,10 +165,13 @@ func (s *Server) setupRoutes() {
 
 func (s *Server) setupPageRoutes() {
 	s.router.Route("/pages", func(r chi.Router) {
+		s.recoverPanics(
+			r, s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusInternalServerError),
+		)
 		// MaxBodySize precedes CSRF and RequireAuth deliberately;
 		// see maxFormBodySize for why, and for what it costs.
 		r.Use(s.mw.MaxBodySize(maxFormBodySize))
-		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF())
+		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF(s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusForbidden)))
 		r.Use(s.mw.NoCache())
 
 		// The login POST carries no pre-emptive rate limiter. Behind
@@ -169,10 +190,13 @@ func (s *Server) setupPageRoutes() {
 
 func (s *Server) setupUserRoutes() {
 	s.router.Route("/user/{username}", func(r chi.Router) {
+		s.recoverPanics(
+			r, s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusInternalServerError),
+		)
 		// MaxBodySize precedes CSRF and RequireAuth deliberately;
 		// see maxFormBodySize for why, and for what it costs.
 		r.Use(s.mw.MaxBodySize(maxFormBodySize))
-		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF())
+		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF(s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusForbidden)))
 		r.Use(s.mw.NoCache())
 		r.Use(s.mw.RequireAuth())
 		r.Get("/", s.h.HandleProfile())
@@ -184,10 +208,13 @@ func (s *Server) setupUserRoutes() {
 
 func (s *Server) setupSourceRoutes() {
 	s.router.Route("/sources", func(r chi.Router) {
+		s.recoverPanics(
+			r, s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusInternalServerError),
+		)
 		// MaxBodySize precedes CSRF and RequireAuth deliberately;
 		// see maxFormBodySize for why, and for what it costs.
 		r.Use(s.mw.MaxBodySize(maxFormBodySize))
-		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF())
+		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF(s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusForbidden)))
 		r.Use(s.mw.NoCache())
 		r.Use(s.mw.RequireAuth())
 		r.Get("/", s.h.HandleSourceList())
@@ -196,10 +223,13 @@ func (s *Server) setupSourceRoutes() {
 	})
 
 	s.router.Route("/source/{sourceID}", func(r chi.Router) {
+		s.recoverPanics(
+			r, s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusInternalServerError),
+		)
 		// MaxBodySize precedes CSRF and RequireAuth deliberately;
 		// see maxFormBodySize for why, and for what it costs.
 		r.Use(s.mw.MaxBodySize(maxFormBodySize))
-		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF())
+		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF(s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusForbidden)))
 		r.Use(s.mw.NoCache())
 		r.Use(s.mw.RequireAuth())
 		r.Get("/", s.h.HandleSourceDetail())

templates/error.html

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{{template "base" .}}
+
+{{define "title"}}{{.StatusText}} - Webhooker{{end}}
+
+{{define "content"}}
+<div class="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-6 py-12">
+    <h1 class="text-2xl font-medium text-gray-900 mb-4">{{.Status}} {{.StatusText}}</h1>
+    <p class="text-gray-600 mb-6">{{.Message}}</p>
+    {{if .User}}
+    <a href="/sources" class="btn-secondary">Back to webhooks</a>
+    {{else}}
+    <a href="/pages/login" class="btn-primary">Sign in</a>
+    {{end}}
+</div>
+{{end}}

templates/navbar.html

@@ -24,10 +24,14 @@
                 </svg>
                 {{.User.Username}}
             </a>
+            {{/* An error page can be served before a form token is issued,
+                 and a logout without one is refused. */}}
+            {{if .CSRFToken}}
             <form method="POST" action="/pages/logout" class="inline">
                 <input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="{{.CSRFToken}}">
                 <button type="submit" class="btn-text">Logout</button>
             </form>
+            {{end}}
             {{else}}
             <a href="/pages/login" class="btn-primary">Login</a>
             {{end}}
@@ -40,10 +44,12 @@
             {{if .User}}
             <a href="/sources" class="btn-text w-full text-left">Webhooks</a>
             <a href="/user/{{.User.Username}}" class="btn-text w-full text-left">Profile</a>
+            {{if .CSRFToken}}
             <form method="POST" action="/pages/logout">
                 <input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="{{.CSRFToken}}">
                 <button type="submit" class="btn-text w-full text-left">Logout</button>
             </form>
+            {{end}}
             {{else}}
             <a href="/pages/login" class="btn-primary w-full">Login</a>
             {{end}}