Render admin page errors in the normal layout (closes #382 )

Every 400, 403, 404 and 500 on an admin page now answers with an error page in the normal layout: one fixed line for the status and a link back to the webhook list, or to sign-in when nobody is signed in. The router's handler for unknown paths, the CSRF middleware's refusal and a panic in an admin page route group use the same page; each such group has its own recoverer and error reporting for that. The page always sends Cache-Control: no-store. Status codes are unchanged. The receiver, the healthcheck and /metrics keep their plain answers. If the error page cannot render, or panics, the answer is the same status in plain text. Model: opus-5-5
Reword the build-architecture history line in TODO.md (closes #412 )
2026-10-02 00:21:49 +00:00 · 2026-10-02 01:08:22 +02:00 · 2026-10-02 00:41:36 +02:00
42 changed files with 900 additions and 907 deletions
@@ -38,9 +38,8 @@ FROM golang:1.26.1-bookworm@sha256:4465644228bc2857a954b092167e12aa59c006a349228
 COPY --from=lint /src/go.sum /dev/null

 # jq is a runtime dependency of script/ci-mark-superseded, which the test
-# suite executes. chromium runs the browser test in internal/server, which
-# skips where it is not installed.
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends make curl ca-certificates jq chromium && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+# suite executes.
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends make curl ca-certificates jq && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

 WORKDIR /build

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ TTY detection, and security headers are always applied.
 | `RETENTION_SWEEP_INTERVAL` | How often the retention reaper and archive sweeper run (Go duration, must be positive) | `1h` |
 | `SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT`  | Idle session timeout (Go duration)  | `24h`    |
 | `RECEIVER_RATE_LIMIT`   | Receiver requests/minute per IP per entrypoint (10x that per IP across the route) | `120` |
-| `TRUSTED_PROXIES`       | CIDRs whose forwarded headers are trusted (unset: all clients behind a proxy share one rate-limit bucket; a correct login password is never throttled either way) | `""` (none) |
+| `TRUSTED_PROXIES`       | CIDRs whose forwarded headers are trusted. A set value replaces the default. If any client can reach webhooker, or the proxy in front of it, from an RFC 1918 source address, set it to the proxy's address alone. See [Trusted proxies](#trusted-proxies) | `10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16` (RFC 1918) |
 | `ALLOWED_EGRESS_CIDRS`  | CIDRs that delivery targets may reach despite the SSRF blocklist. Read [Allowing egress to your own network](#allowing-egress-to-your-own-network) before setting it | `""` (none) |

 #### Allowing egress to your own network
@@ -389,41 +389,37 @@ unlocked.
 `TRUSTED_PROXIES` is a comma-separated list of CIDR blocks (a bare
 address such as `192.168.1.7` is accepted and treated as a single
 host), for example `192.168.1.7, 2001:db8::5`. It decides whose
-`X-Forwarded-For` header the rate limiters believe, so it should name
-the addresses of your reverse proxies and nothing else.
+`X-Forwarded-For` header the rate limiters believe, so it should cover
+the addresses of your reverse proxies.

 `X-Forwarded-For` is honoured **only** when the connecting peer is
 inside one of these blocks; for every other peer the client identity is
-the connection's own address and the header is ignored. The default is
-the empty list, which trusts nobody — anything else would let any
-client pick its own rate limit bucket, minting a fresh one per request
-or draining someone else's. Set it to the address of your reverse
-proxy, and to nothing wider. A set but unparseable value aborts
-startup.
+the connection's own address and the header is ignored. Unset (or
+empty), the list is the RFC 1918 private ranges: `10.0.0.0/8`,
+`172.16.0.0/12` and `192.168.0.0/16`. A set value replaces the default
+entirely. A set but unparseable value aborts startup.

-That default is safe against forged headers, but leaving it unset in
-production has a cost you must know about. Production runs behind a
-TLS-terminating reverse proxy, so with `TRUSTED_PROXIES` unset every
-request keys on the proxy's own address and all clients share a single
-bucket per limit. The receiver limits become service-wide ceilings,
-and the login endpoint's failure counting collapses onto one key, so a
-stranger's wrong passwords throttle every other client's wrong
-passwords.
+If any client can reach webhooker, or the proxy in front of it, from an
+RFC 1918 source address (directly, or through anything that can
+rewrite source addresses, such as NAT or a published container port),
+set `TRUSTED_PROXIES` to the proxy's address alone, or every rate
+limit, the webhook receiver's included, can be bypassed by those
+clients. The address to set is the `remoteIP` field of the
+`http request` log line for a request that came through the proxy.
+
+Behind a proxy the list does not cover, every request keys on the
+proxy's own address and all clients share a single bucket per limit.
+The receiver limits become service-wide ceilings, and the login
+endpoint's failure counting collapses onto one key, so a stranger's
+wrong passwords throttle every other client's wrong passwords. Set
+`TRUSTED_PROXIES` to that proxy's address to restore per-client
+buckets.

 What it cannot do is lock the operator out. The login endpoint
 verifies credentials **before** it consults any limit and charges only
 failures, so a correct password is never throttled no matter how full
 the bucket is. See [Rate Limiting](#rate-limiting).

-The remedy is to set `TRUSTED_PROXIES` to your reverse proxy's
-address, which restores per-client buckets. webhooker logs a warning
-at startup whenever `TRUSTED_PROXIES` is empty, in every environment,
-because behind a proxy every client shares one bucket in `dev` and
-`prod` alike. The warning is informational when nothing proxies to the
-process: with no proxy in front, the peer address is the client's own
-and the buckets are already per-client. See
-[Rate Limiting](#rate-limiting) for what each limit shares.
-
 `X-Real-IP` and `True-Client-IP` are **never** read, from any peer.
 Reverse proxies append to `X-Forwarded-For` but forward other client
 headers verbatim, so a single-valued header is client-controlled even
@@ -439,20 +435,10 @@ instead, since past such an entry the chain is not the shape assumed
 here. The peer address is likewise used when the header is absent or
 every hop in it is a trusted proxy.

-Two operator requirements follow:
-
- Your proxy must **append** the peer address to `X-Forwarded-For`
-  (nginx `$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for`, HAProxy `option forwardfor`,
-  Caddy and AWS ALB by default), and must append a bare address with
-  no port.
- List proxy hosts **only**. Any address inside `TRUSTED_PROXIES`
-  chooses its own rate-limit key: its `X-Forwarded-For` is walked, so
-  it can name a different address on every request to get a fresh
-  bucket each time, or name another client's address to drain that
-  client's bucket. Never list a block that also covers clients — a
-  broad `10.0.0.0/8` on a network where clients live in the same range
-  makes all three limits, including the unauthenticated webhook
-  receiver, silently bypassable by every client in the block.
+Your proxy must therefore **append** the peer address to
+`X-Forwarded-For` (nginx `$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for`, HAProxy
+`option forwardfor`, Caddy and AWS ALB by default), and must append a
+bare address with no port.

 #### Sessions

@@ -751,10 +737,15 @@ repository's `Dockerfile` and runs it. The app needs:
 - **Volume:** one host directory mounted at `/var/lib/webhooker`.
 - **Environment variables:**
    - `WEBHOOKER_ENVIRONMENT=prod`
-    - `TRUSTED_PROXIES`: your reverse proxy's address on that Docker
-      network. The `remoteIP` field of the `http request` log line for a
-      request that came through the proxy shows it; the health check's
-      own lines show `::1`. See [Trusted proxies](#trusted-proxies).
+    - `TRUSTED_PROXIES`: unset, it is the RFC 1918 ranges. Set it to
+      your reverse proxy's address alone if that address is outside
+      those ranges, or if any client can reach webhooker, or the proxy,
+      from an RFC 1918 source address (directly, or through anything
+      that can rewrite source addresses, such as NAT or a published
+      container port). The `remoteIP` field of the `http request` log
+      line for a request that came through the proxy shows that
+      address; the health check's own lines show `::1`. See
+      [Trusted proxies](#trusted-proxies).
    - Leave `BIND_ADDRESS` and `DATA_DIR` unset: the image sets
      `BIND_ADDRESS` to `0.0.0.0`, and `DATA_DIR` defaults to
      `/var/lib/webhooker`.
@@ -817,12 +808,16 @@ reports.
   behind a proxy means the `X-Forwarded-Proto` header. The block below
   sets it; without it every request is read as plaintext and cookies
   ship without `Secure`. See [Configuration](#configuration).
-3. **Set `TRUSTED_PROXIES` to the proxy's address.** Unset, every rate
-   limiter keys on the connecting peer, which behind a proxy is the
-   proxy on every request: all clients collapse into one global bucket
-   per limit and the receiver's per-IP limits become service-wide
-   ceilings. See [Trusted proxies](#trusted-proxies). List the proxy
-   and nothing else.
+3. **Make sure `TRUSTED_PROXIES` covers the proxy's address.** For a
+   proxy it does not cover, every rate limiter keys on the proxy, so
+   all clients share one bucket per limit. Unset, the list is the RFC
+   1918 ranges, which do not cover a proxy that reaches the binary
+   itself over loopback (the binary bound to `127.0.0.1`). With the
+   image, the address to check is the `remoteIP` field of the
+   `http request` log line for a request that came through the proxy.
+   If any client can reach webhooker, or the proxy, from an RFC 1918
+   source address, set the list to the proxy's address alone. See
+   [Trusted proxies](#trusted-proxies).
 4. **Send `Host` as `$http_host`, not `$host`.** `$host` strips the
   port. webhooker's Origin/Referer check compares against the host it
   was given, so on any port other than 443 `$host` makes every form
@@ -1270,20 +1265,9 @@ We provide:

 ## Third-party browser assets

-The web UI serves one third-party script, Alpine.js, in its CSP build: the npm
-package `@alpinejs/csp`. The pages' Content-Security-Policy forbids eval, which
-the standard `alpinejs` build needs to run the expressions written in the
-markup. The CSP build runs no expressions, so every Alpine directive in
-`templates/` only names a property or method of a component registered in
-`static/js/app.js`: `x-data="collapsible"` and `@click="toggle"`, never
-`x-data="{ open: false }"` or `@click="open = !open"`. A browser test in
-`internal/server` loads the pages under the real policy and fails on any
-directive that does not work. It needs `chromium` on `PATH` and skips without
-it; the Dockerfile installs it, so the image build always runs it.
-
-The package's tarball is committed as `3p/alpinejs-csp-3.14.9.tgz`, byte for
-byte as the npm registry publishes it. It is a dependency, not this repo's
-build output, so
+The web UI serves one third-party script, Alpine.js. Its npm package tarball
+is committed as `3p/alpinejs-3.14.9.tgz`, byte for byte as the npm registry
+publishes it. It is a dependency, not this repo's build output, so
 `REPO_POLICIES.md`'s rule against committed build artifacts does not apply.
 The directory is `3p/` rather than `vendor/` because Go treats a root
 `vendor/` directory as its module vendor directory.
@@ -1296,11 +1280,10 @@ nothing downloads Alpine.js. The extracted file is not committed, and
 `.dockerignore` keeps any host copy out of the build context.

 To move to a new version: download
-`https://registry.npmjs.org/@alpinejs/csp/-/csp-<version>.tgz`, check it
+`https://registry.npmjs.org/alpinejs/-/alpinejs-<version>.tgz`, check it
 against the `dist.integrity` hash listed at
-`https://registry.npmjs.org/@alpinejs/csp/<version>`, replace the tarball in
-`3p/` with it as `alpinejs-csp-<version>.tgz`, update its file name in
-`script/assets`, and run `make check`.
+`https://registry.npmjs.org/alpinejs/<version>`, replace the tarball in `3p/`
+with it, update its file name in `script/assets`, and run `make check`.

 ## Rationale

@@ -1387,10 +1370,11 @@ It uses:
 - **[go-chi/httprate](https://github.com/go-chi/httprate)** for
  sliding-window rate limiting of the password-change and webhook
  receiver endpoints. The bucket is per client IP only when
-  `TRUSTED_PROXIES` names the reverse proxy; unset, every client
-  behind that proxy shares one bucket per limit. The login endpoint
-  counts failed attempts itself instead, so that a correct password is
-  never throttled (see [Rate Limiting](#rate-limiting))
+  `TRUSTED_PROXIES` covers the reverse proxy (by default it covers the
+  RFC 1918 private ranges); otherwise every client behind that proxy
+  shares one bucket per limit. The login endpoint counts failed
+  attempts itself instead, so that a correct password is never
+  throttled (see [Rate Limiting](#rate-limiting))
 - **[Prometheus](https://prometheus.io)** for metrics, served at
  `/metrics` behind basic auth
 - **[Sentry](https://sentry.io)** for optional error reporting
@@ -2561,47 +2545,44 @@ the tree is checked out: four checkouts have reported 3,959, 3,961,
 client-supplied field was cut, and that the shipped chain's stack
 arrived uncut — never the numbers.

-Every limiter here — receiver, login, and password change — identifies
-the client the same way, through one shared key function: the
-connection's own address, unless the peer is listed in
-`TRUSTED_PROXIES`, in which case the forwarded client address is used
-instead. That address becomes a bucket by family: IPv4 keys on the full
-address, IPv6 on its `/64` prefix. A routed `/64` is the normal
+Every limiter here — receiver, login, password change, delivery replay
+and event resubmit — identifies the client the same way, through one
+shared key function: the connection's own address, unless the peer is
+inside `TRUSTED_PROXIES`, in which case the forwarded client address is
+used instead. That address becomes a bucket by family: IPv4 keys on
+the full address, IPv6 on its `/64` prefix. A routed `/64` is the normal
 residential and mobile IPv6 allocation, so keying IPv6 per address would
 let one subscriber rotate source addresses and mint a fresh bucket per
 request, evading these limits at the network layer without spoofing
 anything; the cost is that distinct clients inside one `/64` share a
 bucket. IPv4-mapped addresses (`::ffff:1.2.3.4`) key as the IPv4 address
-they carry. See [Trusted proxies](#trusted-proxies). Deployed without that
-variable set, a client behind a reverse proxy shares one bucket with
-every other client behind the same proxy. Set `TRUSTED_PROXIES` to the
-proxy's address to get per-client limits back. What the shared bucket
+they carry. See [Trusted proxies](#trusted-proxies). When that variable
+does not cover the reverse proxy, a client behind it shares one bucket
+with every other client behind the same proxy. Set `TRUSTED_PROXIES` to
+the proxy's address to get per-client limits back. What the shared bucket
 costs is not the same for every limiter, and the two cases pull in
 opposite directions:

 - For the **receiver** limits it costs throughput, which is the safe
  direction to be wrong in: sharing can only make a limit bind sooner,
  never let a sender past it. It matters more for the aggregate limit
-  than for the per-entrypoint one: with `TRUSTED_PROXIES` unset behind
-  the reverse proxy a production deployment is required to run behind,
-  every request keys on the proxy, so the aggregate limit becomes a
-  service-wide ceiling of 1200 requests per minute across all senders
-  and all entrypoints, where the per-entrypoint limit's capacity still
-  grows with the number of entrypoints. Any deployment with more than a
-  handful of busy entrypoints must set `TRUSTED_PROXIES`.
+  than for the per-entrypoint one: with every request keyed on the
+  proxy, the aggregate limit becomes a service-wide ceiling of 1200
+  requests per minute across all senders and all entrypoints, where the
+  per-entrypoint limit's capacity still grows with the number of
+  entrypoints.
 - For the **login and password-change** limits it costs precision, not
  availability. Login failures from every client land in one counter,
  so a stranger's wrong passwords make the operator's own wrong
  passwords answer `429` sooner; the operator's _correct_ password is
-  never affected, because it is never counted. Production deployments
-  should still set `TRUSTED_PROXIES`; webhooker warns at startup
-  whenever it is empty, in any environment.
+  never affected, because it is never counted.

 #### The login endpoint

 The login `POST` is the one endpoint with no pre-emptive limiter in
 front of it, and that is deliberate. A limiter that spends budget on
-arrival is a lockout in this deployment shape: sharing one bucket, a
+arrival is a lockout wherever clients share one bucket, as they do
+behind a reverse proxy that `TRUSTED_PROXIES` does not cover: a
 stranger sending five POSTs a minute — about 0.08 requests per second,
 from anywhere — keeps it permanently full, and the operator has no
 second administrative path. So the handler inverts the order:
@@ -2698,8 +2679,10 @@ re-fills both verification slots on its first two requests. The
 remedies are to block the source at the reverse proxy, or to
 rate-limit `POST /pages/login` there — the one place a limit can be
 applied without reintroducing the lockout, because the proxy sees the
-real client address. Setting `TRUSTED_PROXIES` does not stop the
-saturation, but it makes the source visible in the failure logs.
+real client address. `TRUSTED_PROXIES` does not stop the saturation.
+The flood's source is in the proxy's access log: webhooker's own logs
+record the proxy's address, not the client's (see
+[Deployment behind a reverse proxy](#deployment-behind-a-reverse-proxy)).

 Finer-grained per-webhook rate limits (configured in the web UI and
 enforced in the webhook handler) can layer on top of this env-level
@@ -2781,7 +2764,7 @@ imports. The entry point is `cmd/webhooker/main.go`.
 ```
 webhooker/
 ├── 3p/
-│   └── alpinejs-csp-3.14.9.tgz  # Alpine.js CSP build npm package, extracted by make assets
+│   └── alpinejs-3.14.9.tgz    # Alpine.js npm package, extracted by make assets
 ├── cmd/webhooker/
 │   └── main.go               # Entry point: subcommand dispatch; no args locks DATA_DIR and wires fx
 ├── internal/
@@ -2874,8 +2857,8 @@ webhooker/
 │   ├── css/input.css          # Tailwind input, source for tailwind.css (make css)
 │   ├── css/tailwind.css       # Generated stylesheet the pages load
 │   ├── css/style.css          # Older hand-written stylesheet, no longer loaded
-│   ├── js/app.js              # Copy-to-clipboard, and the Alpine.js components
-│   └── js/alpine.min.js       # Alpine.js CSP build, extracted from 3p/ by make assets, not committed
+│   ├── js/app.js              # Progressive-enhancement copy-to-clipboard
+│   └── js/alpine.min.js       # Alpine.js, extracted from 3p/ by make assets, not committed
 ├── templates/                 # Go HTML templates (base, login, sources, etc.)
 ├── script/                    # Scripts to Rule Them All entrypoints
 ├── Dockerfile                 # Three stages: lint, test+build, Alpine runtime
@@ -2949,6 +2932,12 @@ local record instead of nothing. What that placement gives up is
 recovery of a panic in the six entries above it, none of which does
 more than set a header or start a timer.

+Each admin page route group (`/pages`, `/user/*`, `/sources`,
+`/source/*`) starts with its own **Recoverer** and, if `SENTRY_DSN` is
+set, its own **Sentry** error reporting. That Recoverer answers a panic
+with the `500` error page in the normal layout; the global one keeps
+the plain-text `500` for every other route.
+
 Additionally, form endpoints (`/pages`, `/user/*`, `/sources`,
 `/source/*`) apply a **MaxBodySize** middleware that limits
 POST/PUT/PATCH request bodies to 1 MB. It is registered ahead of the
@@ -3057,10 +3046,9 @@ check, see [The login endpoint](#the-login-endpoint).
  It runs behind session auth, so only a client already holding a
  valid session reaches it, and an operator throttled out of changing
  a password can still log in. The bucket is per client IP only when
-  `TRUSTED_PROXIES` names the reverse proxy; unset, every client
+  `TRUSTED_PROXIES` covers the reverse proxy; otherwise every client
  shares one bucket, which costs precision rather than availability
-  (see [Rate Limiting](#rate-limiting)). webhooker warns at startup
-  whenever `TRUSTED_PROXIES` is empty
+  (see [Rate Limiting](#rate-limiting))
 - Prometheus metrics behind basic auth
 - Static assets embedded in binary (no filesystem access needed at
  runtime)
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ point of the branch.
 - 2026-03-05 security headers middleware, session regeneration on
  login, request body size limits (#41)
 - 2026-03-04 tests for delivery, middleware, and session packages
-  (#32); removed globals.Buildarch (#31)
+  (#32); removed the build-architecture global (#31)
 - 2026-03-04 1.0 MVP merge: Webhook/Entrypoint/Target rename, core
  delivery engine with bounded worker pool and circuit breaker,
  parallel fan-out, per-webhook event databases, management UI (#16)
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ go 1.26.1

 require (
 	github.com/99designs/basicauth-go v0.0.0-20230316000542-bf6f9cbbf0f8
-	github.com/chromedp/cdproto v0.0.0-20260922220944-a19bff23514f
-	github.com/chromedp/chromedp v0.16.0
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
 	github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.25.0
 	github.com/go-chi/chi v1.5.5
@@ -31,12 +29,7 @@ require (
 require (
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/chromedp/sysutil v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
-	github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260820222146-c27c302e5fc3 // indirect
-	github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/gobwas/ws v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
@@ -57,7 +50,7 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.23.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.14.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.25.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.31.0 // indirect
@@ -6,12 +6,6 @@ github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
-github.com/chromedp/cdproto v0.0.0-20260922220944-a19bff23514f h1:8PK9FM4bE0C8GMoWBW5lVsef3U7sPICjDg6JqngyYhk=
-github.com/chromedp/cdproto v0.0.0-20260922220944-a19bff23514f/go.mod h1:3v4FIp5njIUyPDvqXsxEOxnB34lijG0up98/5kM1KaE=
-github.com/chromedp/chromedp v0.16.0 h1:rOO4deOm4CbZgBCa8mD9g2rDyIoNs0BkgvNrlbp5ouk=
-github.com/chromedp/chromedp v0.16.0/go.mod h1:rbuGKFT1vMcFcFqKfPIO1GpX/N+2s8onm2qMxZLbU5U=
-github.com/chromedp/sysutil v1.1.0 h1:PUFNv5EcprjqXZD9nJb9b/c9ibAbxiYo4exNWZyipwM=
-github.com/chromedp/sysutil v1.1.0/go.mod h1:WiThHUdltqCNKGc4gaU50XgYjwjYIhKWoHGPTUfWTJ8=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
@@ -29,14 +23,6 @@ github.com/go-chi/httprate v0.15.0 h1:j54xcWV9KGmPf/X4H32/aTH+wBlrvxL7P+SdnRqxh5
 github.com/go-chi/httprate v0.15.0/go.mod h1:rzGHhVrsBn3IMLYDOZQsSU4fJNWcjui4fWKJcCId1R4=
 github.com/go-errors/errors v1.4.2 h1:J6MZopCL4uSllY1OfXM374weqZFFItUbrImctkmUxIA=
 github.com/go-errors/errors v1.4.2/go.mod h1:sIVyrIiJhuEF+Pj9Ebtd6P/rEYROXFi3BopGUQ5a5Og=
-github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260820222146-c27c302e5fc3 h1:UADEEmDKgfXbtnGJZ97beY5XLo9ZechG1nlU4KnRrkE=
-github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260820222146-c27c302e5fc3/go.mod h1:tphK2c80bpPhMOI4v6bIc2xWywPfbqi1Z06+RcrMkDg=
-github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.1.0 h1:exrUm0f4YX0L7EBwZHuCF4GDp8aJfVeBrlLQrs6NqWU=
-github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.1.0/go.mod h1:O/RXo79gxV8G+RqlR/otEwx4Q36zl9rqC5u12GKvMCM=
-github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.1 h1:xfeeEhW7pwmX8nuLVlqbzVc7udMDrwetjEv+TZIz1og=
-github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.1/go.mod h1:q8bcK0KcYlCgd9e7WYLm9LpyS+YeLd8JVDW6WezmKEw=
-github.com/gobwas/ws v1.4.0 h1:CTaoG1tojrh4ucGPcoJFiAQUAsEWekEWvLy7GsVNqGs=
-github.com/gobwas/ws v1.4.0/go.mod h1:G3gNqMNtPppf5XUz7O4shetPpcZ1VJ7zt18dlUeakrc=
 github.com/gofrs/flock v0.13.0 h1:95JolYOvGMqeH31+FC7D2+uULf6mG61mEZ/A8dRYMzw=
 github.com/gofrs/flock v0.13.0/go.mod h1:jxeyy9R1auM5S6JYDBhDt+E2TCo7DkratH4Pgi8P+Z0=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0/go.mod h1:FsONVRAS9T7sI+LIUmWTfcYkHO4aIWwzhcaSAoJOfIk=
@@ -69,16 +55,12 @@ github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
-github.com/ledongthuc/pdf v0.0.0-20220302134840-0c2507a12d80 h1:6Yzfa6GP0rIo/kULo2bwGEkFvCePZ3qHDDTC3/J9Swo=
-github.com/ledongthuc/pdf v0.0.0-20220302134840-0c2507a12d80/go.mod h1:imJHygn/1yfhB7XSJJKlFZKl/J+dCPAknuiaGOshXAs=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWEY=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D7dTCTo3Y=
 github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.17 h1:mCRHCLDUBXgpKAqIKsaAaAsrAlbkeomtRFKXh2L6YIM=
 github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.17/go.mod h1:2eHXhiwb8IkHr+BDWZGa96P6+rkvnG63S2DGjv9HUNg=
 github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions/v2 v2.0.0 h1:jWpvCLoY8Z/e3VKvlsiIGKtc+UG6U5vzxaoagmhXfyg=
 github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions/v2 v2.0.0/go.mod h1:QUyp042oQthUoa9bqDv0ER0wrtXnBruoNd7aNjkbP+k=
-github.com/orisano/pixelmatch v0.0.0-20220722002657-fb0b55479cde h1:x0TT0RDC7UhAVbbWWBzr41ElhJx5tXPWkIHA2HWPRuw=
-github.com/orisano/pixelmatch v0.0.0-20220722002657-fb0b55479cde/go.mod h1:nZgzbfBr3hhjoZnS66nKrHmduYNpc34ny7RK4z5/HM0=
 github.com/pingcap/errors v0.11.4 h1:lFuQV/oaUMGcD2tqt+01ROSmJs75VG1ToEOkZIZ4nE4=
 github.com/pingcap/errors v0.11.4/go.mod h1:Oi8TUi2kEtXXLMJk9l1cGmz20kV3TaQ0usTwv5KuLY8=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
@@ -129,8 +111,8 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.14.0 h1:woo0S4Yywslg6hp4eUFjTVOyKt0RookbpAHG4c1HmhQ=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.14.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0 h1:fdNQudmxPjkdUTPnLn5mdQv7Zwvbvpaxqs831goi9kQ=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.org/x/text v0.25.0 h1:qVyWApTSYLk/drJRO5mDlNYskwQznZmkpV2c8q9zls4=
 golang.org/x/text v0.25.0/go.mod h1:WEdwpYrmk1qmdHvhkSTNPm3app7v4rsT8F2UD6+VHIA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d h1:vU5i/LfpvrRCpgM/VPfJLg5KjxD3E+hfT1SH+d9zLwg=
@@ -75,6 +75,11 @@ const (
 	// internet-exposed endpoint.
 	defaultReceiverRateLimit = 120

+	// defaultTrustedProxies is TRUSTED_PROXIES when it is unset: the
+	// RFC 1918 private ranges, which a reverse proxy reaching the
+	// process over a Docker network or a private LAN connects from.
+	defaultTrustedProxies = "10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16"
+
 	// maxPort is the highest valid TCP port number. The lower
 	// bound (at least 1) is enforced by envPositiveInt.
 	maxPort = 65535
@@ -172,13 +177,14 @@ type Config struct {

 	// TrustedProxies is the set of networks whose members are
 	// allowed to speak for the client with X-Forwarded-For, the
-	// only forwarded header read. It is empty unless
-	// TRUSTED_PROXIES is set, and empty means no peer is
-	// trusted: forwarded headers are then ignored entirely and
-	// clients are identified by the connection's own address.
-	// Members can choose their own rate-limit key, so this must
-	// name proxy hosts only, never a block that also covers
-	// clients.
+	// only forwarded header read. Unless TRUSTED_PROXIES is set it
+	// is the RFC 1918 private ranges (defaultTrustedProxies); a set
+	// value replaces them. If any client can reach the process, or
+	// the proxy in front of it, from an RFC 1918 source address
+	// (directly, or through anything that can rewrite source
+	// addresses, such as NAT or a published container port), it
+	// must be set to the proxy's address alone, or every rate limit
+	// can be bypassed by those clients.
 	TrustedProxies []netip.Prefix

 	// AllowedEgressCIDRs is the set of networks a delivery target
@@ -460,14 +466,15 @@ func parseCIDR(entry string) (netip.Prefix, error) {

 // envPrefixList returns the value of the named environment variable
 // parsed as a comma-separated list of CIDR blocks (bare addresses
-// allowed). An unset, empty, or blank value yields an empty list. A
-// set value containing an unparseable entry is a hard error naming
-// the key and the bad entry, so startup fails loudly rather than
-// silently running with a list the operator did not intend.
-func envPrefixList(key string) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
+// allowed). An unset, empty, or blank value is read as defaultValue
+// instead. A set value containing an unparseable entry is a hard
+// error naming the key and the bad entry, so startup fails loudly
+// rather than silently running with a list the operator did not
+// intend.
+func envPrefixList(key, defaultValue string) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
 	v := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(key))
 	if v == "" {
-		return nil, nil
+		v = defaultValue
 	}

 	var prefixes []netip.Prefix
@@ -681,12 +688,12 @@ func loadFromEnv() (*Config, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	trustedProxies, err := envPrefixList("TRUSTED_PROXIES")
+	trustedProxies, err := envPrefixList("TRUSTED_PROXIES", defaultTrustedProxies)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	allowedEgressCIDRs, err := envPrefixList("ALLOWED_EGRESS_CIDRS")
+	allowedEgressCIDRs, err := envPrefixList("ALLOWED_EGRESS_CIDRS", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -760,50 +767,6 @@ func (c *Config) warnEgressAllowlist(log *slog.Logger) {
 	)
 }

-// warnSharedRateLimitBucket logs a startup warning whenever
-// TRUSTED_PROXIES is empty, in any environment.
-//
-// With no trusted proxies every rate limiter keys on the connecting
-// peer's address. Whether that is harmless or dangerous depends on
-// what is in front of the process, which this code cannot observe:
-// with nothing in front, the peer is the client and the limits are
-// per-client as intended; behind a reverse proxy the peer is the proxy
-// for every request, so all clients share one bucket per limiter.
-//
-// The login endpoint no longer spends budget on arrival — it verifies
-// credentials first and charges only failures — so a shared bucket
-// cannot deny the operator a correct password. What it does collapse
-// is the failure counting: one client's wrong passwords throttle
-// everyone else's wrong passwords, and the receiver's limits become
-// service-wide ceilings.
-//
-// The warning is deliberately not gated on WEBHOOKER_ENVIRONMENT:
-// behind a proxy every client shares one bucket in dev and prod alike.
-//
-// The default of trusting nobody is deliberate — trusting forwarded
-// headers from arbitrary peers lets any client choose its own bucket —
-// so this warns rather than failing startup or changing the key.
-func (c *Config) warnSharedRateLimitBucket(log *slog.Logger) {
-	if len(c.TrustedProxies) > 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	log.Warn(
-		"TRUSTED_PROXIES is empty: every rate limit keys on the "+
-			"connecting peer's address. With nothing proxying to "+
-			"this process that is the client itself and the limits "+
-			"are per-client as intended. Behind a reverse proxy the "+
-			"peer is the proxy on every request, so all clients "+
-			"share one bucket per limit: the receiver limits become "+
-			"service-wide ceilings, and one client's failed logins "+
-			"throttle every other client's failed logins — a "+
-			"correct password still gets in. If anything proxies to "+
-			"this process, set TRUSTED_PROXIES to its address.",
-		"environment", c.Environment,
-		"trustedProxies", len(c.TrustedProxies),
-	)
-}
-
 // New creates a Config by reading environment variables.
 //
 //nolint:revive // lc parameter is required by fx even if unused.
@@ -849,7 +812,6 @@ func New(lc fx.Lifecycle, params ConfigParams) (*Config, error) {
 		"hasMetricsAuth", s.MetricsAuthEnabled(),
 	)

-	s.warnSharedRateLimitBucket(log)
 	s.warnEgressAllowlist(log)

 	return s, nil
@@ -551,6 +551,11 @@ func testReceiverRateLimitSuccess(
 }

 func TestTrustedProxies(t *testing.T) {
+	// Unset, the RFC 1918 private ranges are trusted, so a reverse
+	// proxy on a Docker network or a private LAN is covered without
+	// configuration.
+	defaultProxies := []string{cidrPrivateV4, "172.16.0.0/12", "192.168.0.0/16"}
+
 	tests := []struct {
 		name        string
 		set         bool
@@ -559,18 +564,21 @@ func TestTrustedProxies(t *testing.T) {
 		expected    []string
 	}{
 		{
-			// The default must be "trust nobody": an empty list
-			// means forwarded headers are ignored, never that
-			// every peer may speak for the client.
 			name:     caseUnsetUsesDefault,
 			set:      false,
-			expected: []string{},
+			expected: defaultProxies,
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "blank value trusts nothing",
+			name:     "blank value uses default",
 			set:      true,
 			value:    "  ",
-			expected: []string{},
+			expected: defaultProxies,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "set value replaces the default entirely",
+			set:      true,
+			value:    "203.0.113.7",
+			expected: []string{"203.0.113.7/32"},
 		},
 		{
 			name:  caseValidValueParsed,
@@ -845,101 +853,6 @@ func TestEgressAllowlistWarning(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-// TestSharedRateLimitBucketWarning covers the startup warning that
-// tells an operator a deployment behind a reverse proxy shares one
-// rate-limit bucket between every client, which turns the receiver
-// limits into service-wide ceilings and collapses login failure
-// counting. It must fire whenever TRUSTED_PROXIES is empty, in any
-// environment, because behind a proxy every client shares one bucket
-// in dev and prod alike. It stays quiet once proxies are named.
-func TestSharedRateLimitBucketWarning(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name           string
-		environment    string
-		trustedProxies string
-		expectWarning  bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:          "prod without trusted proxies warns",
-			environment:   config.EnvironmentProd,
-			expectWarning: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "prod with trusted proxies is quiet",
-			environment:    config.EnvironmentProd,
-			trustedProxies: cidrPrivateV4,
-			expectWarning:  false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:          "dev without trusted proxies warns",
-			environment:   config.EnvironmentDev,
-			expectWarning: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "dev with trusted proxies is quiet",
-			environment:    config.EnvironmentDev,
-			trustedProxies: cidrPrivateV4,
-			expectWarning:  false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			// Cannot use t.Parallel() here because t.Setenv
-			// is incompatible with parallel subtests.
-			t.Setenv("WEBHOOKER_ENVIRONMENT", tt.environment)
-
-			if tt.trustedProxies == "" {
-				require.NoError(
-					t, os.Unsetenv("TRUSTED_PROXIES"),
-				)
-			} else {
-				t.Setenv("TRUSTED_PROXIES", tt.trustedProxies)
-			}
-
-			var buf bytes.Buffer
-
-			log := slog.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(
-				&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
-					Level: slog.LevelDebug,
-				},
-			))
-
-			require.NoError(
-				t,
-				config.WarnSharedRateLimitBucketForTest(log),
-			)
-
-			if !tt.expectWarning {
-				assert.Empty(t, buf.String())
-
-				return
-			}
-
-			logged := buf.String()
-
-			assert.Contains(t, logged, `"level":"WARN"`)
-			assert.Contains(t, logged, "TRUSTED_PROXIES")
-			assert.Contains(t, logged, "share one bucket")
-			assert.Contains(
-				t, logged, "throttle every other client's failed logins",
-			)
-			// The warning must not claim a lockout the login
-			// endpoint no longer permits: credentials are verified
-			// before any budget is spent.
-			assert.Contains(
-				t, logged, "a correct password still gets in",
-			)
-			// The text must stay accurate for a developer with
-			// nothing in front of the process, where an empty
-			// list costs nothing.
-			assert.Contains(
-				t, logged, "nothing proxying to this process",
-			)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 // metricsEnv describes what one subtest below puts in the
 // environment for a single METRICS_ variable. A variable that is
 // set to the empty string and one that is not set at all are
@@ -6,21 +6,6 @@ import "log/slog"
 // the external config_test package so each helper can be covered by
 // its own table-driven test without weakening the package API.

-// WarnSharedRateLimitBucketForTest loads a Config from the current
-// environment and emits its startup warnings to log. The real logger
-// writes to stdout, so this lets the warning's firing condition be
-// asserted against a handler the test controls.
-func WarnSharedRateLimitBucketForTest(log *slog.Logger) error {
-	c, err := loadFromEnv()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	c.warnSharedRateLimitBucket(log)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 // WarnEgressAllowlistForTest loads a Config from the current
 // environment and emits its egress-allowlist startup warning to
 // log, so a test can assert both that the warning fires only when
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleLoginSubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
 			h.log.Error("failed to parse form", "error", err)
-			http.Error(w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)

 			return
 		}
@@ -103,9 +103,10 @@ func (h *Handlers) renderLoginError(
 // The credential check runs BEFORE any rate-limit budget is
 // consulted, and only a failed check spends budget. That is what
 // keeps the single administrative path reachable: behind the reverse
-// proxy this deployment requires, with TRUSTED_PROXIES unset, every
-// client shares one bucket, so a limiter spent on arrival lets any
-// stranger deny the operator's own correct password indefinitely.
+// proxy this deployment requires, when TRUSTED_PROXIES does not cover
+// it, every client shares one bucket, so a limiter spent on arrival
+// lets any stranger deny the operator's own correct password
+// indefinitely.
 //
 // Verifying first means every login POST costs an Argon2id hash, so
 // the work is taken under a bounded number of verification slots.
@@ -165,11 +166,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) authenticateUser(

 	valid, err := database.VerifyPassword(password, user.Password)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.log.Error("failed to verify password", "error", err)
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to verify password", err)

 		return user, err
 	}
@@ -241,24 +238,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) createAuthenticatedSession(
 ) error {
 	oldSess, err := h.session.Get(r)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.log.Error("failed to get session", "error", err)
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get session", err)

 		return err
 	}

 	sess, err := h.session.Regenerate(r, w, oldSess)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.log.Error(
-			"failed to regenerate session", "error", err,
-		)
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to regenerate session", err)

 		return err
 	}
@@ -267,11 +254,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) createAuthenticatedSession(

 	err = h.session.Save(r, w, sess)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.log.Error("failed to save session", "error", err)
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to save session", err)

 		return err
 	}
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const (

 	// sharedProxyPeer is the whole point of this file. Production is
 	// required to run behind a TLS-terminating reverse proxy, and
-	// TRUSTED_PROXIES defaults to empty, so every client — attacker
+	// when TRUSTED_PROXIES does not cover it every client — attacker
 	// and operator alike — reaches the process from the proxy's
 	// address and shares one rate-limit bucket. Both parties in
 	// these tests therefore use the same RemoteAddr.
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@ func floodFailures(
 // done-criterion of https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/webhooker/issues/150.
 //
 // The attacker and the operator share one rate-limit bucket, because
-// behind the mandated reverse proxy with TRUSTED_PROXIES unset every
-// client keys on the proxy's address. The attacker floods the
-// operator's own username — a single-admin product has a predictable
-// one — far past the failure limit. The operator must still be able
-// to log in with the correct password.
+// behind the mandated reverse proxy, when TRUSTED_PROXIES does not
+// cover it, every client keys on the proxy's address. The attacker
+// floods the operator's own username — a single-admin product has a
+// predictable one — far past the failure limit. The operator must
+// still be able to log in with the correct password.
 //
 // This fails if credentials stop being verified ahead of the limiter.
 func TestLogin_StrangersFloodCannotLockOutTheOperator(t *testing.T) {
@@ -105,9 +105,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleDeliveryReplay() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)

 			return
 		}
@@ -124,14 +122,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) replayDelivery(
 	webhook database.Webhook,
 ) {
 	if !h.dbMgr.DBExists(webhook.ID) {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 		return
 	}

 	webhookDB, err := h.dbMgr.GetDB(webhook.ID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to get webhook database", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get webhook database", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) loadReplaySource(
 			&original, "id = ?", chi.URLParam(r, "deliveryID"),
 		).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 		return nil, false
 	}
@@ -195,7 +193,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) queueReplay(
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to count in-flight deliveries", err,
+			w, r, "failed to count in-flight deliveries", err,
 		)

 		return
@@ -212,7 +210,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) queueReplay(
 	err = webhookDB.
 		First(&event, "id = ?", original.EventID).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to load event for replay", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to load event for replay", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -222,7 +220,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) queueReplay(
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to create replay delivery", err,
+			w, r, "failed to create replay delivery", err,
 		)

 		return
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package handlers_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"html/template"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/handlers"
+)
+
+// TestErrorPage_RenderFailureKeepsStatus proves that an error page
+// which cannot render answers with the status it was reporting, as
+// plain text, and is not attempted again: a page whose own render
+// fails reaches the error page, and the error page failing as well
+// ends there with the 500.
+func TestErrorPage_RenderFailureKeepsStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	var h *handlers.Handlers
+
+	app := newTestApp(t, &h)
+	app.RequireStart()
+
+	t.Cleanup(app.RequireStop)
+
+	// .Status is an int, so asking it for a field fails the render.
+	failing := `{{.Status.Missing}}`
+	h.AddTemplateForTest("error.html", template.Must(
+		template.New("error").Parse(failing),
+	))
+	h.AddTemplateForTest("failing.html", template.Must(
+		template.New("failing").Parse(`{{.Data.Missing}}`),
+	))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		context.Background(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+	)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusNotFound).ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Not Found\n", w.Body.String())
+
+	w = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.RenderTemplateForTest(w, req, "failing.html", 0)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Internal Server Error\n", w.Body.String())
+}
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEventBodyDownload() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// steered by a client.
 		eventID, err := uuid.Parse(chi.URLParam(r, "eventID"))
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 			return
 		}
@@ -103,21 +103,21 @@ func (h *Handlers) serveEventBody(
 	eventID string,
 ) {
 	if !h.dbMgr.DBExists(webhook.ID) {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 		return
 	}

 	webhookDB, err := h.dbMgr.GetDB(webhook.ID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to get webhook database", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get webhook database", err)

 		return
 	}

 	body, found, err := eventBody(webhookDB, webhook.ID, eventID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to read event body", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to read event body", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) serveEventBody(
 	// row and the whole body is served, or it does not and the
 	// response is a clean 404.
 	if !found {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 		return
 	}
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEventResubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)

 			return
 		}
@@ -120,20 +120,20 @@ func (h *Handlers) resubmitEvent(
 	// alphabet rather than from the request.
 	eventID, err := uuid.Parse(chi.URLParam(r, "eventID"))
 	if err != nil {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 		return
 	}

 	if !h.dbMgr.DBExists(webhook.ID) {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 		return
 	}

 	webhookDB, err := h.dbMgr.GetDB(webhook.ID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to get webhook database", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get webhook database", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) resubmitEvent(
 		webhookDB, webhook.ID, eventID.String(),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to load event to resubmit", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to load event to resubmit", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) resubmitEvent(
 	// A miss is a 404 whether the event was reaped, belongs to
 	// another webhook, or never existed.
 	if !found {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 		return
 	}
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) queueResubmit(
 	// inactive one is skipped rather than refused.
 	targets, err := h.loadActiveTargets(webhook.ID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to query targets", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to query targets", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) queueResubmit(
 		targets,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to store resubmitted event", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to store resubmitted event", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package handlers

 import (
+	"context"
 	"html/template"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"

 	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/database"
 )
@@ -63,12 +65,20 @@ func (s *Handlers) LoadEventLogViewsForTest(
 	page int,
 ) []EventLogView {
 	views, _, _ := s.loadEventsWithDeliveries(
-		w, webhook, nil, page,
+		w, newRequestForTest(), webhook, nil, page,
 	)

 	return views
 }

+// newRequestForTest is the request the helpers here pass on for
+// callers that have none: it is used only to render the error page.
+func newRequestForTest() *http.Request {
+	return httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		context.Background(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+	)
+}
+
 // AddTemplateForTest registers a template under a page name so that
 // the handlers_test package can drive the render path with a
 // template of its own.
@@ -122,5 +132,5 @@ func (s *Handlers) BuildDatabaseTargetConfigForTest(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
 	expiry string,
 ) (string, error) {
-	return s.buildDatabaseTargetConfig(w, expiry)
+	return s.buildDatabaseTargetConfig(w, newRequestForTest(), expiry)
 }
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ func New(
 		"source_edit.html":   parsePageTemplate("source_edit.html"),
 		"source_logs.html":   parsePageTemplate("source_logs.html"),
 		"target_edit.html":   parsePageTemplate("target_edit.html"),
+		"error.html":         parsePageTemplate("error.html"),
 	}

 	lc.Append(fx.Hook{
@@ -146,6 +147,16 @@ func New(
 	return s, nil
 }

+// HandleErrorPage returns a handler that answers every request with
+// the error page for status. The router uses it for unknown paths, the
+// CSRF middleware for a refused form, and each admin page route
+// group's recoverer for a panic.
+func (s *Handlers) HandleErrorPage(status int) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		s.renderError(w, r, status)
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *Handlers) respondJSON(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
 	_ *http.Request,
@@ -163,15 +174,76 @@ func (s *Handlers) respondJSON(
 	}
 }

-// serverError logs an error and sends a 500 response.
+// serverError logs an error and answers with the 500 error page.
 func (s *Handlers) serverError(
-	w http.ResponseWriter, msg string, err error,
+	w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, msg string, err error,
 ) {
 	s.log.Error(msg, "error", err)
-	http.Error(
-		w, "Internal server error",
-		http.StatusInternalServerError,
-	)
+	s.renderError(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+}
+
+// renderError answers with status and the error page: the normal
+// layout, one fixed line explaining the status, and a link back to the
+// webhook list, or to sign-in when nobody is signed in.
+//
+// It renders the page itself rather than through renderTemplate,
+// whose own failure comes here. If the error page cannot render
+// either, the answer is the same status in plain text: never a second
+// attempt, and never a different status.
+func (s *Handlers) renderError(
+	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
+	status int,
+) {
+	// The page names the signed-in user, and some error pages are
+	// served outside the routes where NoCache runs.
+	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+
+	data := s.pageData(r, map[string]any{
+		"Status":     status,
+		"StatusText": http.StatusText(status),
+		"Message":    errorPageText(status),
+	})
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+	err := s.templates["error.html"].Execute(&buf, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.log.Error("failed to render error page", "error", err)
+		http.Error(w, http.StatusText(status), status)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	w.WriteHeader(status)
+
+	_, err = buf.WriteTo(w)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.log.Error("failed to write error page", "error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// errorPageText is the line the error page shows for status. It is
+// fixed per status, so the page tells the reader no more than the
+// plain-text answers it replaced did.
+func errorPageText(status int) string {
+	switch status {
+	case http.StatusBadRequest:
+		return "The request could not be read."
+	case http.StatusForbidden:
+		return "The request was refused. If it came from a form " +
+			"left open for a long time, reload the page and try " +
+			"again."
+	case http.StatusNotFound:
+		return "There is nothing here. It may have been deleted, " +
+			"or the address may be wrong."
+	case http.StatusServiceUnavailable:
+		return "The server is busy. Please try again in a moment."
+	default: // http.StatusInternalServerError
+		return "Something went wrong on the server. Please try " +
+			"again."
+	}
 }

 // UserInfo represents user information for templates
@@ -224,14 +296,17 @@ func (s *Handlers) renderTemplate(
 			"template not found",
 			"template", pageTemplate,
 		)
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
+		s.renderError(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError)

 		return
 	}

+	s.executeTemplate(w, r, tmpl, s.pageData(r, data))
+}
+
+// pageData adds the fields the shared layout renders to a page's own
+// data.
+func (s *Handlers) pageData(r *http.Request, data any) any {
 	userInfo := s.getUserInfo(r)
 	csrfToken := middleware.CSRFToken(r)

@@ -245,19 +320,16 @@ func (s *Handlers) renderTemplate(
 		m["User"] = userInfo
 		m["CSRFToken"] = csrfToken
 		m["Version"] = version
-		s.executeTemplate(w, tmpl, m)

-		return
+		return m
 	}

-	wrapper := templateDataWrapper{
+	return templateDataWrapper{
 		User:      userInfo,
 		CSRFToken: csrfToken,
 		Version:   version,
 		Data:      data,
 	}
-
-	s.executeTemplate(w, tmpl, wrapper)
 }

 // executeTemplate renders the template into a buffer and writes to
@@ -270,6 +342,7 @@ func (s *Handlers) renderTemplate(
 // this reason.
 func (s *Handlers) executeTemplate(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
 	tmpl *template.Template,
 	data any,
 ) {
@@ -280,10 +353,7 @@ func (s *Handlers) executeTemplate(
 		s.log.Error(
 			"failed to execute template", "error", err,
 		)
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
+		s.renderError(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError)

 		return
 	}
@@ -307,10 +307,14 @@ func TestRenderTemplateMidRenderErrorSendsNoPartialBody(t *testing.T) {
 		t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code,
 		"a failed render must report a 500",
 	)
-	assert.Equal(
-		t, "Internal server error\n", w.Body.String(),
+	assert.NotContains(
+		t, w.Body.String(), partialPageMarker,
 		"the response must carry no part of the aborted page",
 	)
+	assert.Contains(
+		t, w.Body.String(), "500 Internal Server Error",
+		"a failed render must answer with the error page",
+	)
 }

 func TestBuildDatabaseTargetConfig_Valid(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package handlers

 import (
-	"context"
 	"net/http"

 	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
@@ -37,14 +36,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandlePasswordChange() http.HandlerFunc {
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
 			h.log.Error("failed to parse form", "error", err)
-			http.Error(w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)

 			return
 		}

 		successMessage, errorMessage, handled := h.applyPasswordChange(
-			r.Context(),
 			w,
+			r,
 			sessionUsername,
 			// PostFormValue, not FormValue: the credential must
 			// come from the body, never from the query string.
@@ -66,12 +65,12 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandlePasswordChange() http.HandlerFunc {
 // applyPasswordChange verifies the current password and, on success,
 // persists a fresh hash for the user, reusing the same helpers that
 // bootstrap the admin user. It returns the success and error messages
-// to display on the profile page. On an internal failure it writes a
-// 500 response itself and returns handled=false, signalling the caller
+// to display on the profile page. On an internal failure it writes the
+// error page itself and returns handled=false, signalling the caller
 // to stop without re-rendering the page.
 func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(
-	ctx context.Context,
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
 	username, currentPassword, newPassword, confirmPassword string,
 ) (string, string, bool) {
 	// This endpoint verifies one password and hashes another, at
@@ -79,15 +78,10 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(
 	// endpoint uses. The bound is per hash, not per endpoint: leaving
 	// this path outside it would leave a hole in it. The slot is held
 	// across both hashes.
-	release, ok := h.mw.BeginPasswordVerification(ctx)
+	release, ok := h.mw.BeginPasswordVerification(r.Context())
 	if !ok {
 		h.log.Warn("password verification capacity exhausted")
-		http.Error(
-			w,
-			"The server is busy verifying credentials. "+
-				"Please try again.",
-			http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
-		)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusServiceUnavailable)

 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -103,7 +97,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(
 	).First(&user).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to load user for password change", err,
+			w, r, "failed to load user for password change", err,
 		)

 		return "", "", false
@@ -113,7 +107,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(
 		currentPassword, user.Password,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to verify password", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to verify password", err)

 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -132,7 +126,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(

 	hashedPassword, err := database.HashPassword(newPassword)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to hash new password", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to hash new password", err)

 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -141,7 +135,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyPasswordChange(
 		"password", hashedPassword,
 	).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to update password", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to update password", err)

 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -162,7 +156,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) profileOwnerOrDeny(
 ) (string, string, bool) {
 	requestedUsername := chi.URLParam(r, "username")
 	if requestedUsername == "" {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -172,7 +166,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) profileOwnerOrDeny(
 	// unexpected retrieval error.
 	sess, err := h.session.Get(r)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to get session", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get session", err)

 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -180,10 +174,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) profileOwnerOrDeny(
 	sessionUsername, ok := h.session.GetUsername(sess)
 	if !ok {
 		h.log.Error("authenticated session missing username")
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError)

 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -191,17 +182,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) profileOwnerOrDeny(
 	sessionUserID, ok := h.session.GetUserID(sess)
 	if !ok {
 		h.log.Error("authenticated session missing user ID")
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError)

 		return "", "", false
 	}

 	// Only allow users to act on their own profile.
 	if requestedUsername != sessionUsername {
-		http.Error(w, "Forbidden", http.StatusForbidden)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusForbidden)

 		return "", "", false
 	}
@@ -128,7 +128,9 @@ func TestUserRoute_Unauthenticated_RedirectedByMiddleware(t *testing.T) {

 	var sess *session.Session

-	app := newTestApp(t, &log, &cfg, &sess)
+	var h *handlers.Handlers
+
+	app := newTestApp(t, &log, &cfg, &sess, &h)
 	app.RequireStart()

 	t.Cleanup(app.RequireStop)
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ func TestUserRoute_Unauthenticated_RedirectedByMiddleware(t *testing.T) {

 	router := chi.NewRouter()
 	router.Route("/user/{username}", func(r chi.Router) {
-		r.Use(mw.CSRF())
+		r.Use(mw.CSRF(h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusForbidden)))
 		r.Use(mw.RequireAuth())
 		r.Get("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 			handlerReached = true
@@ -149,13 +149,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceList() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"user_id = ?", userID,
 		).Order("created_at DESC").Find(&webhooks).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			h.log.Error(
-				"failed to list webhooks", "error", err,
-			)
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Internal server error",
-				http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			)
+			h.serverError(w, r, "failed to list webhooks", err)

 			return
 		}
@@ -249,9 +243,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceCreateSubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)

 			return
 		}
@@ -311,7 +303,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) createWebhookWithEntrypoint(

 	err := h.commitWebhook(webhook)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to create webhook", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to create webhook", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -388,7 +380,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceDetail() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 			return
 		}
@@ -420,7 +412,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) renderSourceDetail(
 	if h.dbMgr.DBExists(webhook.ID) {
 		webhookDB, err := h.dbMgr.GetDB(webhook.ID)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.serverError(w, "failed to get webhook database", err)
+			h.serverError(w, r, "failed to get webhook database", err)

 			return
 		}
@@ -429,7 +421,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) renderSourceDetail(
 			webhookDB, webhook.ID, singleHTTPTargetID(targets),
 		)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.serverError(w, "failed to load recent events", err)
+			h.serverError(w, r, "failed to load recent events", err)

 			return
 		}
@@ -482,7 +474,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceEdit() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 			return
 		}
@@ -517,7 +509,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceEditSubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 			return
 		}
@@ -526,9 +518,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceEditSubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err = r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)

 			return
 		}
@@ -582,7 +572,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyWebhookEdit(

 	err := h.db.DB().Save(webhook).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to update webhook", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to update webhook", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -612,7 +602,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceDelete() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 			return
 		}
@@ -639,7 +629,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) deleteWebhookResources(
 	// be removed by hand; deleted history cannot be recovered.
 	err := h.commitWebhookDeletion(&webhook)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to delete webhook", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to delete webhook", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -665,7 +655,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) deleteWebhookResources(
 		// redirecting as though everything succeeded: the file
 		// needs removing by hand, and the logged error names it.
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to delete webhook event database", err,
+			w, r, "failed to delete webhook event database", err,
 		)

 		return
@@ -809,7 +799,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) ownedWebhook(
 		"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 	).First(&webhook).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 		return database.Webhook{}, false
 	}
@@ -831,7 +821,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceLogs() http.HandlerFunc {
 			// Without the map every delivery renders through a
 			// zero redactor, so failing the page is the only
 			// safe answer.
-			h.serverError(w, "failed to load targets", err)
+			h.serverError(w, r, "failed to load targets", err)

 			return
 		}
@@ -839,7 +829,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleSourceLogs() http.HandlerFunc {
 		page := h.parsePage(r)

 		evts, total, ok := h.loadEventsWithDeliveries(
-			w, webhook, targets, page,
+			w, r, webhook, targets, page,
 		)
 		if !ok {
 			return
@@ -949,6 +939,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) parsePage(r *http.Request) int {
 // caller must then render nothing further.
 func (h *Handlers) loadEventsWithDeliveries(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
 	webhook database.Webhook,
 	targetMap map[string]eventLogTarget,
 	page int,
@@ -962,7 +953,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) loadEventsWithDeliveries(
 	webhookDB, err := h.dbMgr.GetDB(webhook.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to get webhook database", err,
+			w, r, "failed to get webhook database", err,
 		)

 		return nil, 0, false
@@ -999,7 +990,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) loadEventsWithDeliveries(
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to load delivery attempts", err,
+			w, r, "failed to load delivery attempts", err,
 		)

 		return nil, 0, false
@@ -1008,7 +999,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) loadEventsWithDeliveries(
 	resubmits, err := resubmitCounts(webhookDB, eventIDs)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.serverError(
-			w, "failed to count event resubmissions", err,
+			w, r, "failed to count event resubmissions", err,
 		)

 		return nil, 0, false
@@ -1231,7 +1222,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEntrypointCreate() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 			return
 		}
@@ -1240,9 +1231,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEntrypointCreate() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err = r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)

 			return
 		}
@@ -1258,7 +1247,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleEntrypointCreate() http.HandlerFunc {

 		err = h.db.DB().Create(entrypoint).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			h.serverError(w, "failed to create entrypoint", err)
+			h.serverError(w, r, "failed to create entrypoint", err)

 			return
 		}
@@ -1289,7 +1278,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleTargetCreate() http.HandlerFunc {
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 			return
 		}
@@ -1298,9 +1287,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleTargetCreate() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err = r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)

 			return
 		}
@@ -1371,7 +1358,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) processTargetCreate(

 	err = h.db.DB().Create(target).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to create target", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to create target", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -1465,7 +1452,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) buildTargetConfig(
 	case database.TargetTypeSlack:
 		return h.buildSlackTargetConfig(w, r, in.URL)
 	case database.TargetTypeDatabase:
-		return h.buildDatabaseTargetConfig(w, in.Expiry)
+		return h.buildDatabaseTargetConfig(w, r, in.Expiry)
 	case database.TargetTypeLog:
 		return "", nil
 	default:
@@ -1515,7 +1502,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) buildHTTPTargetConfig(
 		return "", err
 	}

-	return marshalTargetConfig(w, delivery.HTTPTargetConfig{
+	return h.marshalTargetConfig(w, r, delivery.HTTPTargetConfig{
 		URL:     in.URL,
 		Headers: headers,
 		Timeout: timeout,
@@ -1537,7 +1524,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) buildSlackTargetConfig(
 		return "", err
 	}

-	return marshalTargetConfig(w, delivery.SlackTargetConfig{
+	return h.marshalTargetConfig(w, r, delivery.SlackTargetConfig{
 		WebhookURL: targetURL,
 	})
 }
@@ -1591,16 +1578,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) validateTargetURL(

 // marshalTargetConfig serialises a target configuration for storage,
 // writing a 500 itself if it cannot.
-func marshalTargetConfig(
+func (h *Handlers) marshalTargetConfig(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
 	cfg any,
 ) (string, error) {
 	configBytes, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
-		http.Error(
-			w, "Internal server error",
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-		)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to encode target config", err)

 		return "", err
 	}
@@ -1616,6 +1601,7 @@ func marshalTargetConfig(
 // expiry yields an empty config (the keep-forever default).
 func (h *Handlers) buildDatabaseTargetConfig(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
 	expiry string,
 ) (string, error) {
 	expiry = strings.TrimSpace(expiry)
@@ -1634,8 +1620,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) buildDatabaseTargetConfig(
 		return "", err
 	}

-	return marshalTargetConfig(
-		w, map[string]any{"expiry": expiry},
+	return h.marshalTargetConfig(
+		w, r, map[string]any{"expiry": expiry},
 	)
 }

@@ -1689,7 +1675,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) deleteChildResource(
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 			return
 		}
@@ -1699,11 +1685,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) deleteChildResource(
 			childID, webhook.ID,
 		).Delete(model)
 		if result.Error != nil {
-			h.log.Error(errMsg, "error", result.Error)
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Internal server error",
-				http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			)
+			h.serverError(w, r, errMsg, result.Error)

 			return
 		}
@@ -1793,18 +1775,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) toggleChildResource(
 			"id = ? AND user_id = ?", sourceID, userID,
 		).First(&webhook).Error
 		if err != nil {
-			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 			return
 		}

 		err = toggleFn(webhook.ID, childID)
 		if err != nil {
-			h.log.Error(errMsg, "error", err)
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Internal server error",
-				http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			)
+			h.serverError(w, r, errMsg, err)

 			return
 		}
@@ -88,9 +88,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleTargetEditSubmit() http.HandlerFunc {
 		// middleware, which runs before CSRF parses the form.
 		err := r.ParseForm()
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(
-				w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest,
-			)
+			h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest)

 			return
 		}
@@ -157,7 +155,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) applyTargetEdit(

 	err = h.db.DB().Save(target).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to update target", err)
+		h.serverError(w, r, "failed to update target", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -220,7 +218,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) ownedTarget(
 		chi.URLParam(r, "targetID"), webhook.ID,
 	).First(&target).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		h.renderError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound)

 		return database.Webhook{}, nil, false
 	}
@@ -88,14 +88,14 @@ func (h *Handlers) processWebhookRequest(

 	headersJSON, err := json.Marshal(r.Header)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to serialize headers", err)
+		h.receiverError(w, "failed to serialize headers", err)

 		return
 	}

 	targets, err := h.loadActiveTargets(entrypoint.WebhookID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to query targets", err)
+		h.receiverError(w, "failed to query targets", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) createAndDeliverEvent(
 		targets,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.serverError(w, "failed to store webhook event", err)
+		h.receiverError(w, "failed to store webhook event", err)

 		return
 	}
@@ -204,6 +204,19 @@ func (h *Handlers) createAndDeliverEvent(
 	h.finishWebhookResponse(w, event, entrypoint, tasks)
 }

+// receiverError logs an error and answers the sender with a plain-text
+// 500. The receiver's answers are for programs, so it never sends the
+// error page the web UI uses.
+func (h *Handlers) receiverError(
+	w http.ResponseWriter, msg string, err error,
+) {
+	h.log.Error(msg, "error", err)
+	http.Error(
+		w, "Internal server error",
+		http.StatusInternalServerError,
+	)
+}
+
 // eventSource carries the fields a new event is built from. The
 // receiver fills it from the live request; the resubmit handler fills
 // it from a stored event. Both then go through createAndFanOut, so an
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func CSRFToken(r *http.Request) string {
 // key to sign a CSRF cookie and validates a masked token submitted via
 // the "csrf_token" form field (or the "X-CSRF-Token" header) on
 // POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE requests. Requests with an invalid or missing
-// token receive a 403 Forbidden response.
+// token are logged and answered by forbidden, which must write the 403.
 //
 // The middleware detects the client-facing transport protocol
 // per-request via reqtls.IsTLS, the single TLS predicate the session
@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ func CSRFToken(r *http.Request) string {
 // Two gorilla/csrf instances are maintained — one with Secure cookies
 // (for TLS) and one without (for plaintext HTTP) — because the
 // csrf.Secure option is set at creation time, not per-request.
-func (m *Middleware) CSRF() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+func (m *Middleware) CSRF(
+	forbidden http.Handler,
+) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	csrfErrorHandler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		// CSRF is registered ahead of RequireAuth on every route
 		// group that uses it, so this WARN is reachable by an
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ func (m *Middleware) CSRF() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 			"remote_addr", r.RemoteAddr,
 			"reason", csrf.FailureReason(r),
 		)
-		http.Error(w, "Forbidden - invalid CSRF token", http.StatusForbidden)
+		forbidden.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 	})

 	key := m.session.GetKey()
@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@ import (
 // csrfCookieName is the gorilla/csrf cookie name.
 const csrfCookieName = "_gorilla_csrf"

+// forbidden stands in for the error page the server hands CSRF to
+// answer a refused request with.
+func forbidden(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+}
+
 // csrfGetToken performs a GET request through the CSRF middleware
 // and returns the token and cookies.
 func csrfGetToken(
@@ -98,7 +104,7 @@ func TestCSRF_GETSetsToken(t *testing.T) {

 	var gotToken string

-	handler := m.CSRF()(http.HandlerFunc(
+	handler := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))(http.HandlerFunc(
 		func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			gotToken = middleware.CSRFToken(r)
 		},
@@ -120,7 +126,7 @@ func TestCSRF_POSTWithValidToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, config.EnvironmentDev)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))

 	getReq := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 		context.Background(),
@@ -152,7 +158,7 @@ func csrfPOSTWithoutTokenTest(
 	t.Helper()

 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, env)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))

 	// GET to establish the CSRF cookie
 	getHandler := csrfMW(http.HandlerFunc(
@@ -209,7 +215,7 @@ func TestCSRF_POSTWithInvalidToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, config.EnvironmentDev)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))

 	// GET to establish the CSRF cookie
 	getHandler := csrfMW(http.HandlerFunc(
@@ -265,7 +271,7 @@ func TestCSRF_GETDoesNotValidate(t *testing.T) {

 	var called bool

-	handler := m.CSRF()(http.HandlerFunc(
+	handler := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))(http.HandlerFunc(
 		func(_ http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 			called = true
 		},
@@ -328,7 +334,7 @@ func csrfTookStrictPath(
 	t.Helper()

 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, env)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))

 	newReq := func(method string) *http.Request {
 		r := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
@@ -477,7 +483,7 @@ func TestCSRF_ProdMode_PlaintextHTTP_POSTWithValidToken(
 	t.Parallel()

 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, config.EnvironmentProd)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))

 	getReq := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 		context.Background(),
@@ -517,7 +523,7 @@ func TestCSRF_ProdMode_BehindProxy_POSTWithValidToken(
 	t.Parallel()

 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, config.EnvironmentProd)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))

 	getReq := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 		context.Background(),
@@ -562,7 +568,7 @@ func TestCSRF_ProdMode_DirectTLS_POSTWithValidToken(
 	t.Parallel()

 	m, _ := testMiddleware(t, config.EnvironmentProd)
-	csrfMW := m.CSRF()
+	csrfMW := m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))

 	getReq := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 		context.Background(),
@@ -260,7 +260,9 @@ func logSites() map[string]logSite {
 			) http.Handler {
 				t.Helper()

-				return m.CSRF()(unreachable(t))
+				return m.CSRF(http.HandlerFunc(forbidden))(
+					unreachable(t),
+				)
 			},
 			send:       postNoToken,
 			wantStatus: http.StatusForbidden,
@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ type failureWindow struct {
 //
 // A limiter that spends budget on arrival cannot protect a
 // single-admin product: behind the reverse proxy the deployment
-// requires, with TRUSTED_PROXIES unset, every client keys on the
-// proxy, so a stranger trickling five POSTs a minute keeps the one
-// bucket full and the operator's own correct password is answered 429
-// forever. There is no second administrative path.
+// requires, when TRUSTED_PROXIES does not cover it, every client
+// keys on the proxy, so a stranger trickling five POSTs a minute
+// keeps the one bucket full and the operator's own correct password
+// is answered 429 forever. There is no second administrative path.
 //
 // So budget is spent only by a FAILED verification. A correct
 // password is never throttled, whatever the counters say, which is
@@ -123,9 +123,8 @@ func bucketKey(addr netip.Addr) string {
 	return prefix.String()
 }

-// isTrustedProxy reports whether addr belongs to a network the
-// operator listed in TRUSTED_PROXIES. The list is empty by default,
-// so by default nothing is trusted.
+// isTrustedProxy reports whether addr belongs to a network in
+// TRUSTED_PROXIES, which by default is the RFC 1918 private ranges.
 func (m *Middleware) isTrustedProxy(addr netip.Addr) bool {
 	for _, prefix := range m.params.Config.TrustedProxies {
 		if prefix.Contains(addr) {
@@ -384,8 +384,8 @@ const (
 	// trustedProxyCIDR is the proxy network the forwarded-path
 	// tests configure, and trustedPeer an address inside it. A
 	// production deployment is required to run behind a reverse
-	// proxy with TRUSTED_PROXIES set, so this is the shape the
-	// bucketing has to hold in.
+	// proxy that TRUSTED_PROXIES covers, either by the default or by
+	// a set value, so this is the shape the bucketing has to hold in.
 	trustedProxyCIDR = "10.0.0.0/8"
 	trustedPeer      = "10.0.0.1:44444"
 )
@@ -426,8 +426,8 @@ func assertSharedBucket(
 }

 // TestRateLimitKey_SpoofedForwardedFromUntrustedPeer is the test
-// this gating exists for: with no trusted proxies configured (the
-// default), a client that rotates a forwarded header on every
+// this gating exists for: from a peer that is not a trusted
+// proxy, a client that rotates a forwarded header on every
 // request must stay in one bucket. If forwarded headers were
 // trusted unconditionally, each spoofed value would mint a fresh
 // bucket and the limit would stop no one.
@@ -1097,8 +1097,9 @@ func TestPostRateLimit_IPv4IndependentPerAddress(t *testing.T) {
 // that arrives from trustedPeer — a configured trusted proxy — and
 // names forwarded as its client in X-Forwarded-For. That is the
 // production path: a deployment is required to run behind a reverse
-// proxy with TRUSTED_PROXIES set, so the forwarded address, not the
-// peer, is what the limiters bucket on there.
+// proxy that TRUSTED_PROXIES covers, either by the default or by a
+// set value, so the forwarded address, not the peer, is what the
+// limiters bucket on there.
 func forwardedKeyFor(
 	t *testing.T, m *middleware.Middleware, forwarded string,
 ) string {
@@ -1178,9 +1179,9 @@ func TestRateLimitKey_ForwardedIPv6BucketsByPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 //
 // Every existing test of this fallback uses an IPv4 proxy, where
 // bucketKey is the identity function, so replacing the call with
-// peer.String() leaves the whole suite green. Only operator-listed
-// addresses reach this line and the fallback is fail-closed, so this
-// pins behaviour rather than fixing a defect.
+// peer.String() leaves the whole suite green. Only addresses inside
+// TRUSTED_PROXIES reach this line and the fallback is fail-closed, so
+// this pins behaviour rather than fixing a defect.
 func TestRateLimitKey_TrustedPeerUnusableForwardedMasksPeer(
 	t *testing.T,
 ) {
@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@ func (w *recoverResponseWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {

 // Recoverer returns middleware that turns a handler panic into one
 // structured ERROR record and a 500, rather than a dropped
-// connection.
+// connection. The 500 is page when page is not nil, and plain text
+// when it is nil or when page panics before writing anything.
 //
 // It replaces chi's middleware.Recoverer, which does neither on a
 // current Go release. chi v1.5.5's pretty-printer scans the stack for
@@ -136,9 +137,13 @@ func (w *recoverResponseWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
 //
 // Unlike http.Error on its own, it deletes any Set-Cookie the handler
 // set before panicking, because a request that failed must not hand
-// the client a credential; every other header is left to http.Error.
+// the client a credential. It touches no other header: when page
+// answers, every other header the handler set goes out with it, apart
+// from any page sets itself; otherwise they are left to http.Error.
 // See https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/webhooker/issues/193.
-func (s *Middleware) Recoverer() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+func (s *Middleware) Recoverer(
+	page http.Handler,
+) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(
 			w http.ResponseWriter,
@@ -171,6 +176,14 @@ func (s *Middleware) Recoverer() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {

 				rw.Header().Del("Set-Cookie")

+				if page != nil {
+					s.servePage(rw, r, page)
+				}
+
+				if rw.committed {
+					return
+				}
+
 				http.Error(
 					rw,
 					http.StatusText(
@@ -185,6 +198,27 @@ func (s *Middleware) Recoverer() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	}
 }

+// servePage answers with page. A panic in page itself is logged and
+// recovered here, so the Recoverer can still send its plain 500.
+func (s *Middleware) servePage(
+	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
+	page http.Handler,
+) {
+	defer func() {
+		rvr := recover()
+		if rvr != nil {
+			s.log.Error("error page panic",
+				"panic", logfield.Truncate(
+					fmt.Sprint(rvr), maxPanicValueBytes,
+				),
+			)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	page.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+}
+
 // logPanic writes the record. Every field it can grow is truncated to
 // a fixed budget, so MaxPanicLogLineBytes holds.
 //
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func newRecovererProbe(
 	// Logging outside so the recovered 500 is the status it records.
 	router.Use(chimw.RequestID)
 	router.Use(m.Logging())
-	router.Use(m.Recoverer())
+	router.Use(m.Recoverer(nil))
 	router.Get("/probe", handler)

 	serverErrors := new(bytes.Buffer)
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ func TestRecovererKeepsResponseControllerWorking(t *testing.T) {

 	m, _ := capturingMiddleware(t)

-	handler := m.Recoverer()(http.HandlerFunc(
+	handler := m.Recoverer(nil)(http.HandlerFunc(
 		func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("chunk"))

@@ -672,3 +672,59 @@ func TestRecovererKeepsResponseControllerWorking(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)
 	assert.Equal(t, "chunk", string(body))
 }
+
+// TestRecovererAnswersWithThePage covers a recoverer given a page:
+// the panic is logged as before, and the 500 is that page.
+func TestRecovererAnswersWithThePage(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	m, logs := capturingMiddleware(t)
+
+	page := http.HandlerFunc(
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("the error page"))
+		},
+	)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	m.Recoverer(page)(http.HandlerFunc(panicProbe)).ServeHTTP(
+		w, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+		),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "the error page", w.Body.String())
+	assert.Contains(t, logs.String(), `"msg":"handler panic"`)
+	assert.Contains(t, logs.String(), panicMarker)
+}
+
+// TestRecovererFallsBackWhenThePagePanics covers a page that panics
+// before writing anything: both panics are logged, and the client
+// still gets the plain 500.
+func TestRecovererFallsBackWhenThePagePanics(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	m, logs := capturingMiddleware(t)
+
+	const pagePanic = "QQERRORPAGEPANICQQ"
+
+	page := http.HandlerFunc(
+		func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {
+			panic(pagePanic)
+		},
+	)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	m.Recoverer(page)(http.HandlerFunc(panicProbe)).ServeHTTP(
+		w, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+		),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Internal Server Error\n", w.Body.String())
+	assert.Contains(t, logs.String(), panicMarker)
+	assert.Contains(t, logs.String(), pagePanic)
+}
@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
-package server_test
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"os/exec"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/chromedp/cdproto/network"
-	"github.com/chromedp/cdproto/runtime"
-	"github.com/chromedp/chromedp"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-const (
-	// browserTimeout bounds everything one test does in the browser.
-	browserTimeout = 60 * time.Second
-
-	// settleTimeout bounds the wait for an element to show or hide.
-	settleTimeout = 5 * time.Second
-)
-
-// TestAlpineRunsUnderTheSecurityPolicy loads the webhook page and the
-// event log in headless Chromium, served by the real router and so
-// under the real Content-Security-Policy, and checks that the pages'
-// Alpine.js directives work.
-func TestAlpineRunsUnderTheSecurityPolicy(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	ctx, consoleProblems := startBrowser(t)
-
-	env := newTestEnv(t)
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(env.router)
-	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
-
-	userID, _ := env.seedUser(t, "browser", "browser-password")
-	webhook := env.seedWebhook(t, userID)
-	event := env.seedEvent(t, webhook.ID, `{"hello":"browser"}`)
-
-	require.NoError(t, chromedp.Run(
-		ctx, setCookies(srv.URL, env.authCookies(t, userID, "browser")),
-	))
-
-	checkAddForms(ctx, t, srv.URL+"/source/"+webhook.ID)
-	checkTargetType(ctx, t)
-	checkEventToggle(
-		ctx, t, srv.URL+"/source/"+webhook.ID+"/logs", event.ID,
-	)
-
-	assert.Empty(
-		t, consoleProblems(),
-		"the pages printed console warnings, errors or exceptions",
-	)
-}
-
-// startBrowser starts headless Chromium for one test. It returns the
-// context that drives it, and a function listing every console warning
-// or error and every uncaught exception its pages raised: that is how
-// Alpine.js reports an expression it cannot run.
-//
-// The test is skipped when chromium is not on PATH. The Dockerfile's
-// test stage installs it, so the image build always runs this check.
-func startBrowser(t *testing.T) (context.Context, func() []string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	path, err := exec.LookPath("chromium")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Skipf("chromium is not installed: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	allocCtx, cancelAlloc := chromedp.NewExecAllocator(
-		t.Context(),
-		append(
-			chromedp.DefaultExecAllocatorOptions[:],
-			chromedp.ExecPath(path),
-			// The image build runs tests as root, where Chromium's
-			// sandbox cannot start.
-			chromedp.NoSandbox,
-		)...,
-	)
-	t.Cleanup(cancelAlloc)
-
-	ctx, cancel := chromedp.NewContext(allocCtx)
-	t.Cleanup(cancel)
-
-	ctx, cancelTimeout := context.WithTimeout(ctx, browserTimeout)
-	t.Cleanup(cancelTimeout)
-
-	var (
-		mu       sync.Mutex
-		problems []string
-	)
-
-	chromedp.ListenTarget(ctx, func(ev any) {
-		var problem string
-
-		switch ev := ev.(type) {
-		case *runtime.EventConsoleAPICalled:
-			if ev.Type != runtime.APITypeWarning &&
-				ev.Type != runtime.APITypeError {
-				return
-			}
-
-			args := make([]string, 0, len(ev.Args))
-			for _, arg := range ev.Args {
-				args = append(args, string(arg.Value))
-			}
-
-			problem = strings.Join(args, " ")
-		case *runtime.EventExceptionThrown:
-			problem = ev.ExceptionDetails.Error()
-		default:
-			return
-		}
-
-		mu.Lock()
-		defer mu.Unlock()
-
-		problems = append(problems, problem)
-	})
-
-	return ctx, func() []string {
-		mu.Lock()
-		defer mu.Unlock()
-
-		return slices.Clone(problems)
-	}
-}
-
-// setCookies gives the browser the cookies for the server at base.
-func setCookies(base string, cookies []*http.Cookie) chromedp.ActionFunc {
-	return chromedp.ActionFunc(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		for _, c := range cookies {
-			err := network.SetCookie(c.Name, c.Value).
-				WithURL(base).
-				Do(ctx)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("set cookie %s: %w", c.Name, err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	})
-}
-
-// loadPage opens url and waits for Alpine.js to start, which it does
-// by removing every x-cloak attribute. Until then x-cloak hides the
-// elements Alpine would hide, so a check made earlier proves nothing.
-func loadPage(url string) chromedp.Tasks {
-	return chromedp.Tasks{
-		chromedp.Navigate(url),
-		chromedp.WaitNotPresent("[x-cloak]", chromedp.ByQuery),
-	}
-}
-
-// shown waits up to settleTimeout for the first element matching a CSS
-// selector to be rendered, and reports whether it was. The wait is
-// needed because Alpine.js shows an element on the next animation
-// frame, not at once.
-func shown(ctx context.Context, selector string) bool {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, settleTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	return chromedp.Run(
-		ctx, chromedp.WaitVisible(selector, chromedp.ByQuery),
-	) == nil
-}
-
-// hidden is shown's opposite: it waits for the element to be hidden.
-func hidden(ctx context.Context, selector string) bool {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, settleTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	return chromedp.Run(
-		ctx, chromedp.WaitNotVisible(selector, chromedp.ByQuery),
-	) == nil
-}
-
-// click clicks the first element matching an XPath expression.
-func click(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, xpath string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	require.NoError(t, chromedp.Run(
-		ctx, chromedp.Click(xpath, chromedp.BySearch),
-	))
-}
-
-// checkAddForms loads a webhook page and checks that each section's add
-// form stays hidden until the Add button beside its heading is clicked.
-func checkAddForms(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, url string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	require.NoError(t, chromedp.Run(ctx, loadPage(url)))
-
-	sections := []struct{ heading, form string }{
-		{"Entrypoints", `form[action$="/entrypoints"]`},
-		{"Targets", `form[action$="/targets"]`},
-	}
-
-	for _, s := range sections {
-		assert.Truef(
-			t, hidden(ctx, s.form),
-			"%s: the add form shows before Add is clicked", s.heading,
-		)
-
-		click(ctx, t, `//h2[text()="`+s.heading+
-			`"]/following-sibling::button`)
-
-		assert.Truef(
-			t, shown(ctx, s.form),
-			"%s: the add form stays hidden when Add is clicked", s.heading,
-		)
-	}
-}
-
-// checkTargetType chooses Slack in the open add target form and checks
-// what the form would then submit: one url field, the Slack one, and
-// not the HTTP url, headers or timeout, which are hidden and disabled.
-func checkTargetType(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	const (
-		chooseSlack = `(() => {
-			const type = document.querySelector('select[name="type"]');
-			type.value = "slack";
-			type.dispatchEvent(new Event("change"));
-		})()`
-		submitted = `[...new FormData(
-			document.querySelector('form[action$="/targets"]')).keys()]`
-	)
-
-	var fields []string
-
-	require.NoError(t, chromedp.Run(
-		ctx,
-		chromedp.Evaluate(chooseSlack, nil),
-		chromedp.Evaluate(submitted, &fields),
-	))
-
-	assert.Equal(
-		t,
-		[]string{"csrf_token", "name", "type", "max_retries", "url"},
-		fields,
-		"with Slack chosen, the HTTP fields must not be submitted",
-	)
-}
-
-// checkEventToggle loads the event log and checks that clicking an
-// event's row expands it and clicking again collapses it.
-func checkEventToggle(
-	ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, url, eventID string,
-) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	// The row shows the event's ID; its Resubmit form is in the part
-	// that expands.
-	row := `//span[text()="` + eventID + `"]`
-	expanded := `form[action$="/resubmit"]`
-
-	require.NoError(t, chromedp.Run(ctx, loadPage(url)))
-
-	assert.True(t, hidden(ctx, expanded), "the event starts expanded")
-
-	click(ctx, t, row)
-	assert.True(t, shown(ctx, expanded), "clicking the event does not expand it")
-
-	click(ctx, t, row)
-	assert.True(t, hidden(ctx, expanded), "clicking it again does not collapse it")
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+package server_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/getsentry/sentry-go"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/config"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/server"
+)
+
+// The link back the error page offers: to the webhook list for a
+// signed-in user, to sign-in for anyone else.
+const (
+	backToWebhooks = `<a href="/sources" class="btn-secondary">` +
+		`Back to webhooks</a>`
+	backToSignIn = `<a href="/pages/login" class="btn-primary">` +
+		`Sign in</a>`
+)
+
+// assertErrorPage checks that w is the error page for status, in the
+// normal layout, offering link.
+func assertErrorPage(
+	t *testing.T,
+	w *httptest.ResponseRecorder,
+	status int,
+	link string,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	body := w.Body.String()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, status, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(
+		t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"),
+	)
+	assert.Equal(t, "no-store", w.Header().Get("Cache-Control"))
+	assert.Contains(t, body, `<nav class="app-bar"`)
+	assert.Contains(
+		t, body, strconv.Itoa(status)+" "+http.StatusText(status),
+	)
+	assert.Contains(t, body, link)
+}
+
+func TestErrorPage_DeletedWebhook(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	userID, _ := env.seedUser(t, "owner", "somepassword")
+	cookies := env.authCookies(t, userID, "owner")
+
+	wh := env.seedWebhook(t, userID)
+	require.NoError(t, env.db.DB().Delete(wh).Error)
+
+	w := env.get("/source/"+wh.ID, cookies)
+
+	assertErrorPage(t, w, http.StatusNotFound, backToWebhooks)
+}
+
+func TestErrorPage_DeletedTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	userID, _ := env.seedUser(t, "owner", "somepassword")
+	cookies := env.authCookies(t, userID, "owner")
+
+	wh := env.seedWebhook(t, userID)
+	tgt := env.seedTarget(t, wh.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, env.db.DB().Delete(tgt).Error)
+
+	w := env.get(
+		"/source/"+wh.ID+"/targets/"+tgt.ID+"/edit", cookies,
+	)
+
+	assertErrorPage(t, w, http.StatusNotFound, backToWebhooks)
+}
+
+func TestErrorPage_UnknownPath(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	userID, _ := env.seedUser(t, "owner", "somepassword")
+	cookies := env.authCookies(t, userID, "owner")
+
+	assertErrorPage(
+		t, env.get("/no-such-page", nil),
+		http.StatusNotFound, backToSignIn,
+	)
+
+	// Outside every route group there is no form token, so the
+	// page leaves out the logout form rather than offer one that
+	// would be refused.
+	w := env.get("/no-such-page", cookies)
+	assertErrorPage(t, w, http.StatusNotFound, backToWebhooks)
+	assert.NotContains(t, w.Body.String(), `action="/pages/logout"`)
+
+	// Inside a route group the page has a token, and logout works.
+	wh := env.seedWebhook(t, userID)
+	w = env.get("/source/"+wh.ID+"/no-such-page", cookies)
+	assertErrorPage(t, w, http.StatusNotFound, backToWebhooks)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), `action="/pages/logout"`)
+}
+
+func TestErrorPage_BadCSRFToken(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	form := url.Values{}
+	form.Set("username", "someone")
+	form.Set("password", "irrelevant")
+	form.Set("csrf_token", "not-a-token")
+
+	assertErrorPage(
+		t, env.post("/pages/login", form, nil),
+		http.StatusForbidden, backToSignIn,
+	)
+
+	userID, _ := env.seedUser(t, "owner", "somepassword")
+	cookies := env.authCookies(t, userID, "owner")
+	wh := env.seedWebhook(t, userID)
+
+	edit := url.Values{}
+	edit.Set("name", "renamed")
+
+	assertErrorPage(
+		t, env.post("/source/"+wh.ID+"/edit", edit, cookies),
+		http.StatusForbidden, backToWebhooks,
+	)
+}
+
+// TestErrorPage_PanicOnAdminPage sends a panicking handler in an
+// admin page route group through the real router, with error
+// tracking on: the client gets the 500 error page, and the tracker
+// still gets the panic, once. The same panic outside the admin page
+// route groups keeps the plain 500.
+func TestErrorPage_PanicOnAdminPage(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	env := newTestEnv(t)
+
+	transport := &captureTransport{}
+
+	opts := server.SentryClientOptionsForTest(
+		"https://public@sentry.invalid/1", "webhooker-test",
+	)
+	opts.Transport = transport
+
+	client, err := sentry.NewClient(opts)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	serve := func(router http.Handler, path string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+		req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+			sentry.SetHubOnContext(
+				context.Background(),
+				sentry.NewHub(client, sentry.NewScope()),
+			),
+			http.MethodGet, path, nil,
+		)
+
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		return w
+	}
+
+	w := serve(
+		server.NewRouterWithPageProbeForTest(
+			env.log.Get(), env.cfg, env.mw, env.hnd,
+			true, panicProbeHandler,
+		),
+		server.PageProbePattern,
+	)
+	assertErrorPage(t, w, http.StatusInternalServerError, backToSignIn)
+
+	w = serve(
+		server.NewRouterWithProbeForTest(
+			env.log.Get(), env.cfg, env.mw, env.hnd,
+			true, panicProbeHandler,
+		),
+		server.ProbePattern,
+	)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Internal Server Error\n", w.Body.String())
+
+	require.Len(t, transport.events, 2)
+
+	for _, event := range transport.events {
+		assert.Contains(t, marshalEvent(t, event), panicProbeMarker)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestErrorPage_ReceiverStaysPlain pins that the error page is for
+// the web UI only: a sender posting to an entrypoint that does not
+// exist still gets the plain-text answer.
+func TestErrorPage_ReceiverStaysPlain(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// newTestEnv leaves the receiver rate limit at zero, which
+	// refuses every request before it reaches the receiver.
+	env := newTestEnvWithConfig(t, &config.Config{
+		DataDir:           t.TempDir(),
+		Environment:       config.EnvironmentDev,
+		ReceiverRateLimit: 10,
+	})
+
+	w := env.post("/webhook/no-such-entrypoint", url.Values{}, nil)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "404 page not found\n", w.Body.String())
+}
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"

 	"github.com/getsentry/sentry-go"
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/config"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/handlers"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/middleware"
@@ -101,3 +102,39 @@ func NewRouterWithProbeForTest(

 	return s.router
 }
+
+// PageProbePattern is where NewRouterWithPageProbeForTest serves its
+// probe: inside the /pages route group, the admin page group a
+// request reaches without signing in.
+const PageProbePattern = "/pages/probe"
+
+// NewRouterWithPageProbeForTest is NewRouterWithProbeForTest with the
+// probe added to the /pages route group once SetupRoutes has built
+// it, so the probe runs behind that group's own middleware exactly as
+// the group's real routes do.
+func NewRouterWithPageProbeForTest(
+	log *slog.Logger,
+	cfg *config.Config,
+	mw *middleware.Middleware,
+	h *handlers.Handlers,
+	sentryEnabled bool,
+	probe http.HandlerFunc,
+) http.Handler {
+	s := &Server{
+		log:    log,
+		mw:     mw,
+		h:      h,
+		params: ServerParams{Config: cfg},
+	}
+	s.sentryEnabled.Store(sentryEnabled)
+	s.SetupRoutes()
+
+	for _, route := range s.router.Routes() {
+		pages, ok := route.SubRoutes.(chi.Router)
+		if ok && route.Pattern == "/pages/*" {
+			pages.Get("/probe", probe)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return s.router
+}
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ import (
 // bytes) for form POST endpoints. 1 MB is generous for any form
 // submission while preventing abuse from oversized payloads.
 //
-// Every route group below installs MaxBodySize(maxFormBodySize) as
-// its FIRST middleware, ahead of both CSRF and RequireAuth. Both
-// orderings are deliberate.
+// The four admin page route groups below (/pages, /user/{username},
+// /sources and /source/{sourceID}) install MaxBodySize(maxFormBodySize)
+// right after their recoverer and error reporting, ahead of both CSRF
+// and RequireAuth. Both orderings are deliberate.
 //
 // Ahead of CSRF because gorilla/csrf parses the form. The cap has to
 // be installed before anything reads the body, or the parse runs
@@ -46,6 +47,14 @@ const requestTimeout = 60 * time.Second
 // server's router.
 func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
 	s.router = chi.NewRouter()
+
+	// An unknown path gets the error page. Registered before the
+	// global middleware, because chi wraps a not-found handler in the
+	// middleware already on its router, which would then run twice.
+	// The route groups below wrap it in their own middleware the same
+	// way; running theirs twice is harmless.
+	s.router.NotFound(s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusNotFound))
+
 	s.setupGlobalMiddleware()
 	s.setupRoutes()
 }
@@ -69,23 +78,33 @@ func (s *Server) setupGlobalMiddleware() {
 	// Panic recovery, deliberately here rather than first. It has to
 	// run inside every middleware that observes the response, so the
 	// 500 it writes is the status the access log records and the
-	// metrics count, and outside the sentryhttp handler below, whose
+	// metrics count, and outside the sentryhttp handler, whose
 	// Repanic option needs something further out to catch what it
 	// re-raises. chi's own middleware.Recoverer held the first slot
 	// until it was measured: on a current Go release it crashes
 	// inside its stack pretty-printer instead of recovering, so the
 	// connection dropped and the original panic was never reported.
 	// See https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/webhooker/issues/187.
-	s.router.Use(s.mw.Recoverer())
+	s.recoverPanics(s.router, nil)
+}
+
+// recoverPanics installs on r the recoverer, answering a panic with
+// page (a plain 500 when page is nil), and inside it the Sentry error
+// reporting (if SENTRY_DSN is set). Repanic is true so panics still
+// bubble up to the recoverer.
+//
+// Each admin page route group installs its own, with the error page,
+// as its first middleware. A panic there is logged, reported and
+// answered inside the group and never reaches the global recoverer,
+// which keeps the plain 500 for every other route.
+func (s *Server) recoverPanics(r chi.Router, page http.Handler) {
+	r.Use(s.mw.Recoverer(page))

-	// Sentry error reporting (if SENTRY_DSN is set). Repanic is
-	// true so panics still bubble up to the Recoverer middleware
-	// registered immediately above.
 	if s.sentryEnabled.Load() {
 		sentryHandler := sentryhttp.New(sentryhttp.Options{
 			Repanic: true,
 		})
-		s.router.Use(sentryHandler.Handle)
+		r.Use(sentryHandler.Handle)
 	}
 }

@@ -147,18 +166,22 @@ func (s *Server) setupRoutes() {

 func (s *Server) setupPageRoutes() {
 	s.router.Route("/pages", func(r chi.Router) {
+		s.recoverPanics(
+			r, s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusInternalServerError),
+		)
 		// MaxBodySize precedes CSRF and RequireAuth deliberately;
 		// see maxFormBodySize for why, and for what it costs.
 		r.Use(s.mw.MaxBodySize(maxFormBodySize))
-		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF())
+		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF(s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusForbidden)))
 		r.Use(s.mw.NoCache())

 		// The login POST carries no pre-emptive rate limiter. Behind
-		// the reverse proxy production requires, with TRUSTED_PROXIES
-		// unset, every client shares one bucket, so a limiter spent
-		// on arrival lets any stranger deny the operator the only
-		// administrative path. The handler verifies credentials first
-		// and charges only failures; see Handlers.authenticateUser.
+		// the reverse proxy production requires, when TRUSTED_PROXIES
+		// does not cover it, every client shares one bucket, so a
+		// limiter spent on arrival lets any stranger deny the operator
+		// the only administrative path. The handler verifies
+		// credentials first and charges only failures; see
+		// Handlers.authenticateUser.
 		r.Get("/login", s.h.HandleLoginPage())
 		r.Post("/login", s.h.HandleLoginSubmit())

@@ -168,10 +191,13 @@ func (s *Server) setupPageRoutes() {

 func (s *Server) setupUserRoutes() {
 	s.router.Route("/user/{username}", func(r chi.Router) {
+		s.recoverPanics(
+			r, s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusInternalServerError),
+		)
 		// MaxBodySize precedes CSRF and RequireAuth deliberately;
 		// see maxFormBodySize for why, and for what it costs.
 		r.Use(s.mw.MaxBodySize(maxFormBodySize))
-		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF())
+		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF(s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusForbidden)))
 		r.Use(s.mw.NoCache())
 		r.Use(s.mw.RequireAuth())
 		r.Get("/", s.h.HandleProfile())
@@ -183,10 +209,13 @@ func (s *Server) setupUserRoutes() {

 func (s *Server) setupSourceRoutes() {
 	s.router.Route("/sources", func(r chi.Router) {
+		s.recoverPanics(
+			r, s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusInternalServerError),
+		)
 		// MaxBodySize precedes CSRF and RequireAuth deliberately;
 		// see maxFormBodySize for why, and for what it costs.
 		r.Use(s.mw.MaxBodySize(maxFormBodySize))
-		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF())
+		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF(s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusForbidden)))
 		r.Use(s.mw.NoCache())
 		r.Use(s.mw.RequireAuth())
 		r.Get("/", s.h.HandleSourceList())
@@ -195,10 +224,13 @@ func (s *Server) setupSourceRoutes() {
 	})

 	s.router.Route("/source/{sourceID}", func(r chi.Router) {
+		s.recoverPanics(
+			r, s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusInternalServerError),
+		)
 		// MaxBodySize precedes CSRF and RequireAuth deliberately;
 		// see maxFormBodySize for why, and for what it costs.
 		r.Use(s.mw.MaxBodySize(maxFormBodySize))
-		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF())
+		r.Use(s.mw.CSRF(s.h.HandleErrorPage(http.StatusForbidden)))
 		r.Use(s.mw.NoCache())
 		r.Use(s.mw.RequireAuth())
 		r.Get("/", s.h.HandleSourceDetail())
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # script/assets: extract Alpine.js from its npm package tarball, committed
-# in 3p/, to static/js/alpine.min.js, where go:embed reads it. The package
-# is @alpinejs/csp, Alpine's build for pages whose Content-Security-Policy
-# forbids eval. The extracted file is not committed. script/test, make
-# build and make dev run this first.
+# in 3p/, to static/js/alpine.min.js, where go:embed reads it. The
+# extracted file is not committed. script/test, make build and make dev run
+# this first.
 set -eu

 ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd -P)"

 main() {
    cd "$ROOT"
-    tar -xzOf 3p/alpinejs-csp-3.14.9.tgz package/dist/cdn.min.js \
+    tar -xzOf 3p/alpinejs-3.14.9.tgz package/dist/cdn.min.js \
        >static/js/alpine.min.js
 }

@@ -57,62 +57,3 @@
        init();
    }
 })();
-
-// Alpine.js components.
-//
-// The pages' Content-Security-Policy forbids eval, so the UI loads
-// Alpine's CSP build, which cannot run expressions written in the
-// markup: a directive in templates/ may only name a property or method,
-// and each x-data names a component registered here. This script runs
-// before Alpine, whose script tag is deferred, so this listener is in
-// place when Alpine starts.
-document.addEventListener("alpine:init", function () {
-    "use strict";
-
-    // Something a click shows and hides: the mobile menu, an add form,
-    // an event in the event log, a delivery's attempts.
-    window.Alpine.data("collapsible", function () {
-        return {
-            open: false,
-            toggle() {
-                this.open = !this.open;
-            },
-            get closed() {
-                return !this.open;
-            },
-            // Turns a downward caret up while open.
-            get caretClass() {
-                return { "rotate-180": this.open };
-            },
-        };
-    });
-
-    // The add target form. Only the chosen type's fields show, and the
-    // others are disabled so that the form does not submit them.
-    window.Alpine.data("targetForm", function () {
-        return {
-            targetType: "http",
-            chooseType(event) {
-                this.targetType = event.target.value;
-            },
-            get isHttp() {
-                return this.targetType === "http";
-            },
-            get isSlack() {
-                return this.targetType === "slack";
-            },
-            get isDatabase() {
-                return this.targetType === "database";
-            },
-            get notHttp() {
-                return !this.isHttp;
-            },
-            get notSlack() {
-                return !this.isSlack;
-            },
-            get notDatabase() {
-                return !this.isDatabase;
-            },
-        };
-    });
-});
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{{template "base" .}}
+
+{{define "title"}}{{.StatusText}} - Webhooker{{end}}
+
+{{define "content"}}
+<div class="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-6 py-12">
+    <h1 class="text-2xl font-medium text-gray-900 mb-4">{{.Status}} {{.StatusText}}</h1>
+    <p class="text-gray-600 mb-6">{{.Message}}</p>
+    {{if .User}}
+    <a href="/sources" class="btn-secondary">Back to webhooks</a>
+    {{else}}
+    <a href="/pages/login" class="btn-primary">Sign in</a>
+    {{end}}
+</div>
+{{end}}
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 {{define "navbar"}}
-<nav class="app-bar" x-data="collapsible">
+<nav class="app-bar" x-data="{ open: false }">
    <div class="max-w-6xl mx-auto flex justify-between items-center">
        <div class="flex items-center gap-3">
            <a href="/" class="text-xl font-medium text-gray-900 hover:text-primary-600 transition-colors">Webhooker</a>
        </div>

        <!-- Mobile menu button -->
-        <button @click="toggle" class="md:hidden p-2 rounded-md text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100">
+        <button @click="open = !open" class="md:hidden p-2 rounded-md text-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-100">
            <svg class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
-                <path x-show="closed" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 6h16M4 12h16M4 18h16"/>
+                <path x-show="!open" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 6h16M4 12h16M4 18h16"/>
                <path x-show="open" x-cloak stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12"/>
            </svg>
        </button>
@@ -24,10 +24,14 @@
                </svg>
                {{.User.Username}}
            </a>
+            {{/* An error page can be served before a form token is issued,
+                 and a logout without one is refused. */}}
+            {{if .CSRFToken}}
            <form method="POST" action="/pages/logout" class="inline">
                <input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="{{.CSRFToken}}">
                <button type="submit" class="btn-text">Logout</button>
            </form>
+            {{end}}
            {{else}}
            <a href="/pages/login" class="btn-primary">Login</a>
            {{end}}
@@ -40,10 +44,12 @@
            {{if .User}}
            <a href="/sources" class="btn-text w-full text-left">Webhooks</a>
            <a href="/user/{{.User.Username}}" class="btn-text w-full text-left">Profile</a>
+            {{if .CSRFToken}}
            <form method="POST" action="/pages/logout">
                <input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="{{.CSRFToken}}">
                <button type="submit" class="btn-text w-full text-left">Logout</button>
            </form>
+            {{end}}
            {{else}}
            <a href="/pages/login" class="btn-primary w-full">Login</a>
            {{end}}
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 {{define "title"}}{{.Webhook.Name}} - Webhooker{{end}}

 {{define "content"}}
-<div class="max-w-6xl mx-auto px-6 py-8">
+<div class="max-w-6xl mx-auto px-6 py-8" x-data="{ showAddEntrypoint: false, showAddTarget: false }">
    <div class="mb-6">
        <a href="/sources" class="text-sm text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-700">&larr; Back to webhooks</a>
        <div class="flex justify-between items-center mt-2">
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@

    <div class="grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-2 gap-6">
        <!-- Entrypoints -->
-        <div class="card" x-data="collapsible">
+        <div class="card">
            <div class="p-4 border-b border-gray-200 flex justify-between items-center">
                <h2 class="text-lg font-medium text-gray-900">Entrypoints</h2>
-                <button @click="toggle" class="btn-text text-sm">
+                <button @click="showAddEntrypoint = !showAddEntrypoint" class="btn-text text-sm">
                    <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M12 4v16m8-8H4"/>
                    </svg>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
            </div>

            <!-- Add entrypoint form -->
-            <div x-show="open" x-cloak class="p-4 bg-gray-50 border-b border-gray-200">
+            <div x-show="showAddEntrypoint" x-cloak class="p-4 bg-gray-50 border-b border-gray-200">
                <form method="POST" action="/source/{{.Webhook.ID}}/entrypoints" class="flex gap-2">
                    <input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="{{.CSRFToken}}">
                    <input type="text" name="description" placeholder="Description (optional)" class="input text-sm flex-1">
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@
        </div>

        <!-- Targets -->
-        <div class="card" x-data="collapsible">
+        <div class="card">
            <div class="p-4 border-b border-gray-200 flex justify-between items-center">
                <h2 class="text-lg font-medium text-gray-900">Targets</h2>
-                <button @click="toggle" class="btn-text text-sm">
+                <button @click="showAddTarget = !showAddTarget" class="btn-text text-sm">
                    <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M12 4v16m8-8H4"/>
                    </svg>
@@ -97,42 +97,42 @@
            </div>

            <!-- Add target form -->
-            <div x-show="open" x-cloak class="p-4 bg-gray-50 border-b border-gray-200">
-                <form method="POST" action="/source/{{.Webhook.ID}}/targets" x-data="targetForm" class="space-y-3">
+            <div x-show="showAddTarget" x-cloak class="p-4 bg-gray-50 border-b border-gray-200">
+                <form method="POST" action="/source/{{.Webhook.ID}}/targets" x-data="{ targetType: 'http' }" class="space-y-3">
                    <input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="{{.CSRFToken}}">
                    <div class="flex gap-2">
                        <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Target name" required class="input text-sm flex-1">
-                        <select name="type" @change="chooseType" class="input text-sm w-32">
+                        <select name="type" x-model="targetType" class="input text-sm w-32">
                            <option value="http">HTTP</option>
                            <option value="slack">Slack</option>
                            <option value="database">Database</option>
                            <option value="log">Log</option>
                        </select>
                    </div>
-                    <div x-show="isHttp">
-                        <input type="url" name="url" placeholder="https://example.com/webhook" :disabled="notHttp" class="input text-sm">
+                    <div x-show="targetType === 'http'">
+                        <input type="url" name="url" placeholder="https://example.com/webhook" :disabled="targetType !== 'http'" class="input text-sm">
                    </div>
-                    <div x-show="isHttp">
-                        <textarea name="headers" rows="3" placeholder="Authorization: Bearer ..." :disabled="notHttp" class="input text-sm"></textarea>
+                    <div x-show="targetType === 'http'">
+                        <textarea name="headers" rows="3" placeholder="Authorization: Bearer ..." :disabled="targetType !== 'http'" class="input text-sm"></textarea>
                        <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 mt-1">Optional request headers, one <code>Name: value</code> per line, sent with every delivery.</p>
                    </div>
-                    <div x-show="isHttp" class="flex gap-2 items-center">
+                    <div x-show="targetType === 'http'" class="flex gap-2 items-center">
                        <label class="text-sm text-gray-700">Timeout (seconds, blank = default):</label>
-                        <input type="number" name="timeout" min="0" max="300" :disabled="notHttp" class="input text-sm w-24">
+                        <input type="number" name="timeout" min="0" max="300" :disabled="targetType !== 'http'" class="input text-sm w-24">
                    </div>
-                    <div x-show="isHttp">
+                    <div x-show="targetType === 'http'">
                        <div class="flex gap-2 items-center">
                            <label class="text-sm text-gray-700">Max retries:</label>
                            <input type="number" name="max_retries" value="0" min="0" max="20" class="input text-sm w-24">
                        </div>
                        <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 mt-1">This is the total number of delivery attempts, not retries on top of the first: a value of 3 makes three attempts in all. 0 means a single attempt with no retries and no circuit breaker.</p>
                    </div>
-                    <div x-show="isSlack">
-                        <input type="url" name="url" placeholder="https://hooks.slack.com/services/..." :disabled="notSlack" class="input text-sm">
+                    <div x-show="targetType === 'slack'">
+                        <input type="url" name="url" placeholder="https://hooks.slack.com/services/..." :disabled="targetType !== 'slack'" class="input text-sm">
                        <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 mt-1">Slack or Mattermost incoming webhook URL. Payloads are pretty-printed in code blocks.</p>
                    </div>
-                    <div x-show="isDatabase">
-                        <input type="text" name="expiry" placeholder="never" :disabled="notDatabase" class="input text-sm">
+                    <div x-show="targetType === 'database'">
+                        <input type="text" name="expiry" placeholder="never" :disabled="targetType !== 'database'" class="input text-sm">
                        <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 mt-1">Archive expiry: "never" (default) keeps rows forever, or a duration like "720h" prunes older rows.</p>
                    </div>
                    <button type="submit" class="btn-primary text-sm">Add Target</button>
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
    <div class="card">
        <div class="divide-y divide-gray-100">
            {{range .Events}}
-            <div class="p-4" x-data="collapsible">
-                <div class="flex items-center justify-between cursor-pointer" @click="toggle">
+            <div class="p-4" x-data="{ open: false }">
+                <div class="flex items-center justify-between cursor-pointer" @click="open = !open">
                    <div class="flex items-center gap-3">
                        <span class="badge-info">{{.Method}}</span>
                        <span class="text-sm font-mono text-gray-700">{{.ID}}</span>
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
                        </span>
                        {{end}}
                        <span class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{.CreatedAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05"}}</span>
-                        <svg class="w-4 h-4 text-gray-400 transition-transform" :class="caretClass" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                        <svg class="w-4 h-4 text-gray-400 transition-transform" :class="{ 'rotate-180': open }" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                            <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7"/>
                        </svg>
                    </div>
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@
                        <h3 class="text-xs font-medium uppercase tracking-wide text-gray-500">Deliveries</h3>
                        <div class="mt-2 divide-y divide-gray-200">
                            {{range .Deliveries}}
-                            <div class="py-2" x-data="collapsible">
-                                <div class="flex items-center justify-between cursor-pointer" @click="toggle">
+                            <div class="py-2" x-data="{ attempts: false }">
+                                <div class="flex items-center justify-between cursor-pointer" @click="attempts = !attempts">
                                    <div class="flex items-center gap-3">
                                        <span class="text-sm text-gray-700">{{.Target.DisplayName}}</span>
                                        <span class="text-xs {{if eq .Status "delivered"}}text-green-600{{else if eq .Status "failed"}}text-red-600{{else if eq .Status "retrying"}}text-yellow-600{{else}}text-gray-400{{end}}">{{.Status}}</span>
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@
                                        </form>
                                        {{end}}
                                        <span class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{.AttemptCount}} attempt{{if ne .AttemptCount 1}}s{{end}}</span>
-                                        <svg class="w-3 h-3 text-gray-400 transition-transform" :class="caretClass" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                                        <svg class="w-3 h-3 text-gray-400 transition-transform" :class="{ 'rotate-180': attempts }" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                                            <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7"/>
                                        </svg>
                                    </div>
                                </div>

-                                <div x-show="open" x-cloak class="mt-2 space-y-2">
+                                <div x-show="attempts" x-cloak class="mt-2 space-y-2">
                                    {{if .AttemptsOmitted}}
                                    <p class="text-xs text-gray-500">{{.AttemptsOmitted}} attempt{{if ne .AttemptsOmitted 1}}s{{end}} omitted between the first and last shown.</p>
                                    {{end}}