feat: add backup/restore of app configurations

Add export and import functionality for app configurations:

- Export single app or all apps as versioned JSON backup bundle
- Import from backup file with name-conflict detection (skip duplicates)
- Fresh SSH keys and webhook secrets generated on import
- Preserves env vars, labels, volumes, and port mappings
- Web UI: export button on app detail, backup/restore page on dashboard
- REST API: GET /api/v1/apps/{id}/export, GET /api/v1/backup/export,
  POST /api/v1/backup/import
- Comprehensive test coverage for service and handler layers

README.md

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 # µPaaS by [@sneak](https://sneak.berlin)
 
-A simple self-hosted PaaS that auto-deploys Docker containers from Git repositories via webhooks from Gitea, GitHub, or GitLab.
+A simple self-hosted PaaS that auto-deploys Docker containers from Git repositories via Gitea webhooks.
 
 ## Features
 
 - Single admin user with argon2id password hashing
 - Per-app SSH keypairs for read-only deploy keys
-- Per-app UUID-based webhook URLs with auto-detection of Gitea, GitHub, and GitLab
+- Per-app UUID-based webhook URLs for Gitea integration
 - Branch filtering - only deploy on configured branch changes
 - Environment variables, labels, and volume mounts per app
 - Docker builds via socket access
 - Notifications via ntfy and Slack-compatible webhooks
+- Backup/restore of app configurations (JSON export/import via UI and API)
 - Simple server-rendered UI with Tailwind CSS
 
 ## Non-Goals
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ A simple self-hosted PaaS that auto-deploys Docker containers from Git repositor
 - Complex CI pipelines
 - Multiple container orchestration
 - SPA/API-first design
-- Support for non-push webhook events (e.g. issues, merge requests)
+- Support for non-Gitea webhooks
 
 ## Architecture
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ upaas/
 │   │   ├── auth/        # Authentication service
 │   │   ├── deploy/      # Deployment orchestration
 │   │   ├── notify/      # Notifications (ntfy, Slack)
-│   │   └── webhook/     # Webhook processing (Gitea, GitHub, GitLab)
+│   │   └── webhook/     # Gitea webhook processing
 │   └── ssh/             # SSH key generation
 ├── static/              # Embedded CSS/JS assets
 └── templates/           # Embedded HTML templates

internal/handlers/api_test.go

@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ func apiRouter(tc *testContext) http.Handler {
 			apiR.Get("/apps", tc.handlers.HandleAPIListApps())
 			apiR.Get("/apps/{id}", tc.handlers.HandleAPIGetApp())
 			apiR.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments", tc.handlers.HandleAPIListDeployments())
+
+			// Backup/Restore API
+			apiR.Get("/apps/{id}/export", tc.handlers.HandleAPIExportApp())
+			apiR.Get("/backup/export", tc.handlers.HandleAPIExportAllApps())
+			apiR.Post("/backup/import", tc.handlers.HandleAPIImportApps())
 		})
 	})
 

internal/handlers/backup.go

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/app"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/templates"
+)
+
+// importMaxBodyBytes is the maximum allowed request body size for backup import (10 MB).
+const importMaxBodyBytes = 10 << 20
+
+// HandleExportApp exports a single app's configuration as a JSON download.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleExportApp() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
+
+		application, findErr := models.FindApp(request.Context(), h.db, appID)
+		if findErr != nil || application == nil {
+			http.NotFound(writer, request)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportApp(request.Context(), application)
+		if exportErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to export app", "error", exportErr, "app", application.Name)
+			http.Error(writer, "Internal Server Error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		filename := fmt.Sprintf("upaas-backup-%s-%s.json",
+			application.Name,
+			time.Now().UTC().Format("20060102-150405"),
+		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition",
+			`attachment; filename="`+filename+`"`)
+
+		encoder := json.NewEncoder(writer)
+		encoder.SetIndent("", "  ")
+
+		err := encoder.Encode(bundle)
+		if err != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to encode backup", "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleExportAllApps exports all app configurations as a JSON download.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleExportAllApps() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportAllApps(request.Context())
+		if exportErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to export all apps", "error", exportErr)
+			http.Error(writer, "Internal Server Error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		filename := fmt.Sprintf("upaas-backup-all-%s.json",
+			time.Now().UTC().Format("20060102-150405"),
+		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition",
+			`attachment; filename="`+filename+`"`)
+
+		encoder := json.NewEncoder(writer)
+		encoder.SetIndent("", "  ")
+
+		err := encoder.Encode(bundle)
+		if err != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to encode backup", "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleImportPage renders the import/restore page.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleImportPage() http.HandlerFunc {
+	tmpl := templates.GetParsed()
+
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
+			"Success": request.URL.Query().Get("success"),
+		}, request)
+
+		h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "backup_import.html", data)
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleImportApps processes an uploaded backup JSON file and imports apps.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleImportApps() http.HandlerFunc {
+	tmpl := templates.GetParsed()
+
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		bundle, parseErr := h.parseBackupUpload(request)
+		if parseErr != "" {
+			data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{"Error": parseErr}, request)
+			h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "backup_import.html", data)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		imported, skipped, importErr := h.appService.ImportApps(
+			request.Context(), bundle,
+		)
+		if importErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to import apps", "error", importErr)
+
+			data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
+				"Error": "Import failed: " + importErr.Error(),
+			}, request)
+			h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "backup_import.html", data)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		successMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Imported %d app(s)", len(imported))
+		if len(skipped) > 0 {
+			successMsg += fmt.Sprintf(", skipped %d (name conflict)", len(skipped))
+		}
+
+		http.Redirect(writer, request,
+			"/backup/import?success="+successMsg,
+			http.StatusSeeOther,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// parseBackupUpload extracts and validates a BackupBundle from a multipart upload.
+// Returns the bundle and an empty string on success, or nil and an error message.
+func (h *Handlers) parseBackupUpload(
+	request *http.Request,
+) (*app.BackupBundle, string) {
+	request.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(nil, request.Body, importMaxBodyBytes)
+
+	parseErr := request.ParseMultipartForm(importMaxBodyBytes)
+	if parseErr != nil {
+		return nil, "Failed to parse upload: " + parseErr.Error()
+	}
+
+	file, _, openErr := request.FormFile("backup_file")
+	if openErr != nil {
+		return nil, "Please select a backup file to import"
+	}
+
+	defer func() { _ = file.Close() }()
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+
+	decodeErr := json.NewDecoder(file).Decode(&bundle)
+	if decodeErr != nil {
+		return nil, "Invalid backup file: " + decodeErr.Error()
+	}
+
+	if bundle.Version != 1 {
+		return nil, fmt.Sprintf(
+			"Unsupported backup version: %d (expected 1)", bundle.Version,
+		)
+	}
+
+	if len(bundle.Apps) == 0 {
+		return nil, "Backup file contains no apps"
+	}
+
+	return &bundle, ""
+}
+
+// HandleAPIExportApp exports a single app's configuration as JSON via API.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIExportApp() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
+
+		application, err := h.appService.GetApp(request.Context(), appID)
+		if err != nil {
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "internal server error"},
+				http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if application == nil {
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "app not found"},
+				http.StatusNotFound)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportApp(request.Context(), application)
+		if exportErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to export app", "error", exportErr)
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "failed to export app"},
+				http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		h.respondJSON(writer, request, bundle, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleAPIExportAllApps exports all app configurations as JSON via API.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIExportAllApps() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportAllApps(request.Context())
+		if exportErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to export all apps", "error", exportErr)
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "failed to export apps"},
+				http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		h.respondJSON(writer, request, bundle, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleAPIImportApps imports app configurations from a JSON request body via API.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIImportApps() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		request.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(writer, request.Body, importMaxBodyBytes)
+
+		var bundle app.BackupBundle
+
+		decodeErr := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&bundle)
+		if decodeErr != nil {
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "invalid request body"},
+				http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if bundle.Version != 1 {
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": fmt.Sprintf(
+					"unsupported backup version: %d", bundle.Version,
+				)},
+				http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if len(bundle.Apps) == 0 {
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "backup contains no apps"},
+				http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		imported, skipped, importErr := h.appService.ImportApps(
+			request.Context(), &bundle,
+		)
+		if importErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("api: failed to import apps", "error", importErr)
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "import failed: " + importErr.Error()},
+				http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		h.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]any{
+			"imported": imported,
+			"skipped":  skipped,
+		}, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+}

internal/handlers/backup_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+package handlers_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/app"
+)
+
+// createTestAppWithConfig creates an app with env vars, labels, volumes, and ports.
+func createTestAppWithConfig(
+	t *testing.T,
+	tc *testContext,
+	name string,
+) *models.App {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	createdApp := createTestApp(t, tc, name)
+
+	// Add env vars
+	ev := models.NewEnvVar(tc.database)
+	ev.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	ev.Key = "DATABASE_URL"
+	ev.Value = "postgres://localhost/mydb"
+	require.NoError(t, ev.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	// Add label
+	label := models.NewLabel(tc.database)
+	label.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	label.Key = "traefik.enable"
+	label.Value = "true"
+	require.NoError(t, label.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	// Add volume
+	volume := models.NewVolume(tc.database)
+	volume.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	volume.HostPath = "/data/app"
+	volume.ContainerPath = "/app/data"
+	volume.ReadOnly = false
+	require.NoError(t, volume.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	// Add port
+	port := models.NewPort(tc.database)
+	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	port.HostPort = 8080
+	port.ContainerPort = 80
+	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
+	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	return createdApp
+}
+
+// createTestAppWithConfigPort creates an app with a custom host port.
+func createTestAppWithConfigPort(
+	t *testing.T,
+	tc *testContext,
+	name string,
+	hostPort int,
+) *models.App {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	createdApp := createTestApp(t, tc, name)
+
+	ev := models.NewEnvVar(tc.database)
+	ev.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	ev.Key = "DATABASE_URL"
+	ev.Value = "postgres://localhost/mydb"
+	require.NoError(t, ev.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	port := models.NewPort(tc.database)
+	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	port.HostPort = hostPort
+	port.ContainerPort = 80
+	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
+	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	return createdApp
+}
+
+func TestHandleExportApp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+	createdApp := createTestAppWithConfig(t, testCtx, "export-test-app")
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/export", nil)
+	request = addChiURLParams(request, map[string]string{"id": createdApp.ID})
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportApp()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Type"), "application/json")
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"), "attachment")
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"), "export-test-app")
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(recorder.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, bundle.ExportedAt)
+	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
+
+	appBackup := bundle.Apps[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "export-test-app", appBackup.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "main", appBackup.Branch)
+	assert.Len(t, appBackup.EnvVars, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "DATABASE_URL", appBackup.EnvVars[0].Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, "postgres://localhost/mydb", appBackup.EnvVars[0].Value)
+	assert.Len(t, appBackup.Labels, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "traefik.enable", appBackup.Labels[0].Key)
+	assert.Len(t, appBackup.Volumes, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "/data/app", appBackup.Volumes[0].HostPath)
+	assert.Len(t, appBackup.Ports, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 8080, appBackup.Ports[0].HostPort)
+}
+
+func TestHandleExportAppNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/apps/nonexistent/export", nil)
+	request = addChiURLParams(request, map[string]string{"id": "nonexistent"})
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportApp()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, recorder.Code)
+}
+
+func TestHandleExportAllApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+	createTestAppWithConfig(t, testCtx, "export-all-app1")
+	createTestAppWithConfigPort(t, testCtx, "export-all-app2", 8081)
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/export", nil)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportAllApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"), "upaas-backup-all")
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(recorder.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
+	assert.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 2)
+}
+
+func TestHandleExportAllAppsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/export", nil)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportAllApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(recorder.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
+
+	assert.Empty(t, bundle.Apps)
+}
+
+// createMultipartBackupRequest builds a multipart form request with backup JSON as a file upload.
+func createMultipartBackupRequest(
+	t *testing.T,
+	backupJSON string,
+) *http.Request {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
+
+	part, err := writer.CreateFormFile("backup_file", "backup.json")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = io.WriteString(part, backupJSON)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, writer.Close())
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/backup/import", &body)
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+
+	return request
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	backupJSON := `{
+		"version": 1,
+		"exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		"apps": [{
+			"name": "imported-app",
+			"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			"branch": "main",
+			"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
+			"envVars": [{"key": "FOO", "value": "bar"}],
+			"labels": [{"key": "app.name", "value": "test"}],
+			"volumes": [{"hostPath": "/data", "containerPath": "/app/data", "readOnly": true}],
+			"ports": [{"hostPort": 3000, "containerPort": 8080, "protocol": "tcp"}]
+		}]
+	}`
+
+	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	// Should redirect on success
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusSeeOther, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Location"), "success=")
+
+	// Verify the app was created
+	apps, err := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, apps, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "imported-app", apps[0].Name)
+
+	// Verify env vars
+	envVars, _ := apps[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, envVars, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "FOO", envVars[0].Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", envVars[0].Value)
+
+	// Verify labels
+	labels, _ := apps[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, labels, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "app.name", labels[0].Key)
+
+	// Verify volumes
+	volumes, _ := apps[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, volumes, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "/data", volumes[0].HostPath)
+	assert.True(t, volumes[0].ReadOnly)
+
+	// Verify ports
+	ports, _ := apps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, ports, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3000, ports[0].HostPort)
+	assert.Equal(t, 8080, ports[0].ContainerPort)
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportAppsSkipsDuplicateNames(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	// Create an existing app with same name
+	createTestApp(t, testCtx, "existing-app")
+
+	backupJSON := `{
+		"version": 1,
+		"exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		"apps": [
+			{
+				"name": "existing-app",
+				"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+				"branch": "main",
+				"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
+				"envVars": [],
+				"labels": [],
+				"volumes": [],
+				"ports": []
+			},
+			{
+				"name": "new-app",
+				"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/new.git",
+				"branch": "main",
+				"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
+				"envVars": [],
+				"labels": [],
+				"volumes": [],
+				"ports": []
+			}
+		]
+	}`
+
+	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusSeeOther, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Location"), "skipped")
+
+	// Should have 2 apps total (existing + new)
+	apps, err := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, apps, 2)
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportAppsInvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, "not valid json")
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	// Should render the page with error, not redirect
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "Invalid backup file")
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportAppsUnsupportedVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	backupJSON := `{"version": 99, "exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z", "apps": [{"name": "test"}]}`
+
+	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "Unsupported backup version")
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportAppsEmptyBundle(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	backupJSON := `{"version": 1, "exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z", "apps": []}`
+
+	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "contains no apps")
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportPage(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/import", nil)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportPage()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "Import Backup")
+}
+
+func TestExportImportRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+	createTestAppWithConfig(t, testCtx, "roundtrip-app")
+
+	// Export
+	exportReq := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/export", nil)
+	exportRec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	testCtx.handlers.HandleExportAllApps().ServeHTTP(exportRec, exportReq)
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, exportRec.Code)
+
+	exportedJSON := exportRec.Body.String()
+
+	// Delete the original app
+	apps, _ := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
+	for _, a := range apps {
+		require.NoError(t, a.Delete(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	// Import
+	importReq := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, exportedJSON)
+	importRec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps().ServeHTTP(importRec, importReq)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusSeeOther, importRec.Code)
+
+	// Verify the app was recreated with all config
+	restoredApps, _ := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
+	require.Len(t, restoredApps, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "roundtrip-app", restoredApps[0].Name)
+
+	envVars, _ := restoredApps[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, envVars, 1)
+
+	labels, _ := restoredApps[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, labels, 1)
+
+	volumes, _ := restoredApps[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, volumes, 1)
+
+	ports, _ := restoredApps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, ports, 1)
+}
+
+// TestAPIExportApp tests the API endpoint for exporting a single app.
+func TestAPIExportApp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	createdApp, err := tc.appSvc.CreateApp(t.Context(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:    "api-export-app",
+		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rr := apiGet(t, tc, cookies, "/api/v1/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/export")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
+	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "api-export-app", bundle.Apps[0].Name)
+}
+
+// TestAPIExportAppNotFound tests the API endpoint for a nonexistent app.
+func TestAPIExportAppNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	rr := apiGet(t, tc, cookies, "/api/v1/apps/nonexistent/export")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, rr.Code)
+}
+
+// TestAPIExportAllApps tests the API endpoint for exporting all apps.
+func TestAPIExportAllApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	_, err := tc.appSvc.CreateApp(t.Context(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:    "api-export-all-1",
+		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo1.git",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = tc.appSvc.CreateApp(t.Context(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:    "api-export-all-2",
+		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo2.git",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rr := apiGet(t, tc, cookies, "/api/v1/backup/export")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
+
+	assert.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 2)
+}
+
+// TestAPIImportApps tests the API import endpoint.
+func TestAPIImportApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	backupJSON := `{
+		"version": 1,
+		"exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		"apps": [{
+			"name": "api-imported-app",
+			"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			"branch": "main",
+			"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
+			"envVars": [],
+			"labels": [],
+			"volumes": [],
+			"ports": []
+		}]
+	}`
+
+	r := apiRouter(tc)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/backup/import", strings.NewReader(backupJSON))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	for _, c := range cookies {
+		req.AddCookie(c)
+	}
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
+
+	var resp map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
+
+	imported, ok := resp["imported"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Len(t, imported, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "api-imported-app", imported[0])
+}
+
+// TestAPIImportAppsInvalidBody tests that the API rejects bad JSON.
+func TestAPIImportAppsInvalidBody(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	r := apiRouter(tc)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/backup/import", strings.NewReader("not json"))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	for _, c := range cookies {
+		req.AddCookie(c)
+	}
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rr.Code)
+}
+
+// TestAPIImportAppsUnsupportedVersion tests that the API rejects bad versions.
+func TestAPIImportAppsUnsupportedVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	r := apiRouter(tc)
+
+	body := `{"version": 42, "apps": [{"name": "x"}]}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/backup/import", strings.NewReader(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	for _, c := range cookies {
+		req.AddCookie(c)
+	}
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rr.Code)
+}

internal/handlers/webhook.go

@@ -7,14 +7,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
 
 	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
-	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/webhook"
 )
 
 // maxWebhookBodySize is the maximum allowed size of a webhook request body (1MB).
 const maxWebhookBodySize = 1 << 20
 
-// HandleWebhook handles incoming webhooks from Gitea, GitHub, or GitLab.
-// The webhook source is auto-detected from HTTP headers.
+// HandleWebhook handles incoming Gitea webhooks.
 func (h *Handlers) HandleWebhook() http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 		secret := chi.URLParam(request, "secret")
@@ -52,17 +50,16 @@ func (h *Handlers) HandleWebhook() http.HandlerFunc {
 			return
 		}
 
-		// Auto-detect webhook source from headers
-		source := webhook.DetectWebhookSource(request.Header)
-
-		// Extract event type based on detected source
-		eventType := webhook.DetectEventType(request.Header, source)
+		// Get event type from header
+		eventType := request.Header.Get("X-Gitea-Event")
+		if eventType == "" {
+			eventType = "push"
+		}
 
 		// Process webhook
 		webhookErr := h.webhook.HandleWebhook(
 			request.Context(),
 			application,
-			source,
 			eventType,
 			body,
 		)

internal/server/routes.go

@@ -98,6 +98,12 @@ func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
 			// Ports
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/ports", s.handlers.HandlePortAdd())
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/ports/{portID}/delete", s.handlers.HandlePortDelete())
+
+			// Backup/Restore
+			r.Get("/apps/{id}/export", s.handlers.HandleExportApp())
+			r.Get("/backup/export", s.handlers.HandleExportAllApps())
+			r.Get("/backup/import", s.handlers.HandleImportPage())
+			r.Post("/backup/import", s.handlers.HandleImportApps())
 		})
 	})
 
@@ -115,6 +121,11 @@ func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
 			r.Get("/apps", s.handlers.HandleAPIListApps())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}", s.handlers.HandleAPIGetApp())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments", s.handlers.HandleAPIListDeployments())
+
+			// Backup/Restore API
+			r.Get("/apps/{id}/export", s.handlers.HandleAPIExportApp())
+			r.Get("/backup/export", s.handlers.HandleAPIExportAllApps())
+			r.Post("/backup/import", s.handlers.HandleAPIImportApps())
 		})
 	})
 

internal/service/app/backup.go

@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
+)
+
+// BackupEnvVar represents an environment variable in a backup.
+type BackupEnvVar struct {
+	Key   string `json:"key"`
+	Value string `json:"value"`
+}
+
+// BackupLabel represents a Docker label in a backup.
+type BackupLabel struct {
+	Key   string `json:"key"`
+	Value string `json:"value"`
+}
+
+// BackupVolume represents a volume mount in a backup.
+type BackupVolume struct {
+	HostPath      string `json:"hostPath"`
+	ContainerPath string `json:"containerPath"`
+	ReadOnly      bool   `json:"readOnly"`
+}
+
+// BackupPort represents a port mapping in a backup.
+type BackupPort struct {
+	HostPort      int    `json:"hostPort"`
+	ContainerPort int    `json:"containerPort"`
+	Protocol      string `json:"protocol"`
+}
+
+// Backup represents the exported configuration of a single app.
+type Backup struct {
+	Name           string         `json:"name"`
+	RepoURL        string         `json:"repoUrl"`
+	Branch         string         `json:"branch"`
+	DockerfilePath string         `json:"dockerfilePath"`
+	DockerNetwork  string         `json:"dockerNetwork,omitempty"`
+	NtfyTopic      string         `json:"ntfyTopic,omitempty"`
+	SlackWebhook   string         `json:"slackWebhook,omitempty"`
+	EnvVars        []BackupEnvVar `json:"envVars"`
+	Labels         []BackupLabel  `json:"labels"`
+	Volumes        []BackupVolume `json:"volumes"`
+	Ports          []BackupPort   `json:"ports"`
+}
+
+// BackupBundle represents a complete backup of one or more apps.
+type BackupBundle struct {
+	Version    int      `json:"version"`
+	ExportedAt string   `json:"exportedAt"`
+	Apps       []Backup `json:"apps"`
+}
+
+// backupVersion is the current backup format version.
+const backupVersion = 1
+
+// ExportApp exports a single app's configuration as a BackupBundle.
+func (svc *Service) ExportApp(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	application *models.App,
+) (*BackupBundle, error) {
+	appBackup, err := svc.buildAppBackup(ctx, application)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &BackupBundle{
+		Version:    backupVersion,
+		ExportedAt: time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Apps:       []Backup{appBackup},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// ExportAllApps exports all app configurations as a BackupBundle.
+func (svc *Service) ExportAllApps(ctx context.Context) (*BackupBundle, error) {
+	apps, err := models.AllApps(ctx, svc.db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing apps for export: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	backups := make([]Backup, 0, len(apps))
+
+	for _, application := range apps {
+		appBackup, buildErr := svc.buildAppBackup(ctx, application)
+		if buildErr != nil {
+			return nil, buildErr
+		}
+
+		backups = append(backups, appBackup)
+	}
+
+	return &BackupBundle{
+		Version:    backupVersion,
+		ExportedAt: time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Apps:       backups,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// ImportApps imports app configurations from a BackupBundle.
+// It creates new apps (with fresh IDs, SSH keys, and webhook secrets)
+// and populates their env vars, labels, volumes, and ports.
+// Apps whose names conflict with existing apps are skipped and reported.
+func (svc *Service) ImportApps(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	bundle *BackupBundle,
+) ([]string, []string, error) {
+	// Build a set of existing app names for conflict detection
+	existingApps, listErr := models.AllApps(ctx, svc.db)
+	if listErr != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("listing existing apps: %w", listErr)
+	}
+
+	existingNames := make(map[string]bool, len(existingApps))
+	for _, a := range existingApps {
+		existingNames[a.Name] = true
+	}
+
+	var imported, skipped []string
+
+	for _, ab := range bundle.Apps {
+		if existingNames[ab.Name] {
+			skipped = append(skipped, ab.Name)
+
+			continue
+		}
+
+		importErr := svc.importSingleApp(ctx, ab)
+		if importErr != nil {
+			return imported, skipped, fmt.Errorf(
+				"importing app %q: %w", ab.Name, importErr,
+			)
+		}
+
+		imported = append(imported, ab.Name)
+	}
+
+	return imported, skipped, nil
+}
+
+// importSingleApp creates a single app from backup data.
+func (svc *Service) importSingleApp(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	ab Backup,
+) error {
+	createdApp, createErr := svc.CreateApp(ctx, CreateAppInput{
+		Name:           ab.Name,
+		RepoURL:        ab.RepoURL,
+		Branch:         ab.Branch,
+		DockerfilePath: ab.DockerfilePath,
+		DockerNetwork:  ab.DockerNetwork,
+		NtfyTopic:      ab.NtfyTopic,
+		SlackWebhook:   ab.SlackWebhook,
+	})
+	if createErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("creating app: %w", createErr)
+	}
+
+	envErr := svc.importEnvVars(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.EnvVars)
+	if envErr != nil {
+		return envErr
+	}
+
+	labelErr := svc.importLabels(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.Labels)
+	if labelErr != nil {
+		return labelErr
+	}
+
+	volErr := svc.importVolumes(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.Volumes)
+	if volErr != nil {
+		return volErr
+	}
+
+	portErr := svc.importPorts(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.Ports)
+	if portErr != nil {
+		return portErr
+	}
+
+	svc.log.Info("app imported from backup",
+		"id", createdApp.ID, "name", createdApp.Name)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// importEnvVars adds env vars from backup to an app.
+func (svc *Service) importEnvVars(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	appID string,
+	envVars []BackupEnvVar,
+) error {
+	for _, ev := range envVars {
+		addErr := svc.AddEnvVar(ctx, appID, ev.Key, ev.Value)
+		if addErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("adding env var %q: %w", ev.Key, addErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// importLabels adds labels from backup to an app.
+func (svc *Service) importLabels(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	appID string,
+	labels []BackupLabel,
+) error {
+	for _, l := range labels {
+		addErr := svc.AddLabel(ctx, appID, l.Key, l.Value)
+		if addErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("adding label %q: %w", l.Key, addErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// importVolumes adds volumes from backup to an app.
+func (svc *Service) importVolumes(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	appID string,
+	volumes []BackupVolume,
+) error {
+	for _, v := range volumes {
+		addErr := svc.AddVolume(ctx, appID, v.HostPath, v.ContainerPath, v.ReadOnly)
+		if addErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("adding volume %q: %w", v.ContainerPath, addErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// importPorts adds ports from backup to an app.
+func (svc *Service) importPorts(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	appID string,
+	ports []BackupPort,
+) error {
+	for _, p := range ports {
+		port := models.NewPort(svc.db)
+		port.AppID = appID
+		port.HostPort = p.HostPort
+		port.ContainerPort = p.ContainerPort
+		port.Protocol = models.PortProtocol(p.Protocol)
+
+		if port.Protocol == "" {
+			port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
+		}
+
+		saveErr := port.Save(ctx)
+		if saveErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("adding port %d: %w", p.HostPort, saveErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// buildAppBackup collects all configuration for a single app into a Backup.
+func (svc *Service) buildAppBackup(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	application *models.App,
+) (Backup, error) {
+	envVars, labels, volumes, ports, err := svc.fetchAppResources(ctx, application)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Backup{}, err
+	}
+
+	backup := Backup{
+		Name:           application.Name,
+		RepoURL:        application.RepoURL,
+		Branch:         application.Branch,
+		DockerfilePath: application.DockerfilePath,
+		EnvVars:        convertEnvVars(envVars),
+		Labels:         convertLabels(labels),
+		Volumes:        convertVolumes(volumes),
+		Ports:          convertPorts(ports),
+	}
+
+	if application.DockerNetwork.Valid {
+		backup.DockerNetwork = application.DockerNetwork.String
+	}
+
+	if application.NtfyTopic.Valid {
+		backup.NtfyTopic = application.NtfyTopic.String
+	}
+
+	if application.SlackWebhook.Valid {
+		backup.SlackWebhook = application.SlackWebhook.String
+	}
+
+	return backup, nil
+}
+
+// fetchAppResources retrieves all sub-resources for an app.
+func (svc *Service) fetchAppResources(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	application *models.App,
+) ([]*models.EnvVar, []*models.Label, []*models.Volume, []*models.Port, error) {
+	envVars, err := application.GetEnvVars(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"getting env vars for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
+		)
+	}
+
+	labels, err := application.GetLabels(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"getting labels for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
+		)
+	}
+
+	volumes, err := application.GetVolumes(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"getting volumes for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
+		)
+	}
+
+	ports, err := application.GetPorts(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"getting ports for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
+		)
+	}
+
+	return envVars, labels, volumes, ports, nil
+}
+
+// convertEnvVars converts model env vars to backup format.
+func convertEnvVars(envVars []*models.EnvVar) []BackupEnvVar {
+	result := make([]BackupEnvVar, 0, len(envVars))
+
+	for _, ev := range envVars {
+		result = append(result, BackupEnvVar{
+			Key:   ev.Key,
+			Value: ev.Value,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+// convertLabels converts model labels to backup format.
+func convertLabels(labels []*models.Label) []BackupLabel {
+	result := make([]BackupLabel, 0, len(labels))
+
+	for _, l := range labels {
+		result = append(result, BackupLabel{
+			Key:   l.Key,
+			Value: l.Value,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+// convertVolumes converts model volumes to backup format.
+func convertVolumes(volumes []*models.Volume) []BackupVolume {
+	result := make([]BackupVolume, 0, len(volumes))
+
+	for _, v := range volumes {
+		result = append(result, BackupVolume{
+			HostPath:      v.HostPath,
+			ContainerPath: v.ContainerPath,
+			ReadOnly:      v.ReadOnly,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+// convertPorts converts model ports to backup format.
+func convertPorts(ports []*models.Port) []BackupPort {
+	result := make([]BackupPort, 0, len(ports))
+
+	for _, p := range ports {
+		result = append(result, BackupPort{
+			HostPort:      p.HostPort,
+			ContainerPort: p.ContainerPort,
+			Protocol:      string(p.Protocol),
+		})
+	}
+
+	return result
+}

internal/service/app/backup_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+package app_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/fx"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/config"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/database"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/globals"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/logger"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/app"
+)
+
+// backupTestContext bundles test dependencies for backup tests.
+type backupTestContext struct {
+	svc *app.Service
+	db  *database.Database
+}
+
+func setupBackupTest(t *testing.T) *backupTestContext {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	globals.SetAppname("upaas-test")
+	globals.SetVersion("test")
+
+	globalsInst, err := globals.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	loggerInst, err := logger.New(
+		fx.Lifecycle(nil),
+		logger.Params{Globals: globalsInst},
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Port:          8080,
+		DataDir:       tmpDir,
+		SessionSecret: "test-secret-key-at-least-32-chars",
+	}
+
+	dbInst, err := database.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil), database.Params{
+		Logger: loggerInst,
+		Config: cfg,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	svc, err := app.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil), app.ServiceParams{
+		Logger:   loggerInst,
+		Database: dbInst,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return &backupTestContext{svc: svc, db: dbInst}
+}
+
+// createAppWithFullConfig creates an app with env vars, labels, volumes, and ports.
+func createAppWithFullConfig(
+	t *testing.T,
+	btc *backupTestContext,
+	name string,
+) *models.App {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	createdApp, err := btc.svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:          name,
+		RepoURL:       "git@example.com:user/" + name + ".git",
+		Branch:        "develop",
+		NtfyTopic:     "https://ntfy.sh/" + name,
+		DockerNetwork: "test-network",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddEnvVar(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "DB_HOST", "localhost",
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddEnvVar(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "DB_PORT", "5432",
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddLabel(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "traefik.enable", "true",
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddVolume(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "/data", "/app/data", false,
+	))
+
+	port := models.NewPort(btc.db)
+	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	port.HostPort = 9090
+	port.ContainerPort = 8080
+	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
+	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	return createdApp
+}
+
+// createAppWithConfigPort creates an app like createAppWithFullConfig but with
+// a custom host port to avoid UNIQUE constraint collisions.
+func createAppWithConfigPort(
+	t *testing.T,
+	btc *backupTestContext,
+	name string,
+	hostPort int,
+) *models.App {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	createdApp, err := btc.svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:          name,
+		RepoURL:       "git@example.com:user/" + name + ".git",
+		Branch:        "develop",
+		NtfyTopic:     "https://ntfy.sh/" + name,
+		DockerNetwork: "test-network",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddEnvVar(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "DB_HOST", "localhost",
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddLabel(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "traefik.enable", "true",
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddVolume(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "/data2", "/app/data2", false,
+	))
+
+	port := models.NewPort(btc.db)
+	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	port.HostPort = hostPort
+	port.ContainerPort = 8080
+	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
+	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	return createdApp
+}
+
+func TestExportApp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+	createdApp := createAppWithFullConfig(t, btc, "export-svc-test")
+
+	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportApp(context.Background(), createdApp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, bundle.ExportedAt)
+	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
+
+	ab := bundle.Apps[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "export-svc-test", ab.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "develop", ab.Branch)
+	assert.Equal(t, "test-network", ab.DockerNetwork)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://ntfy.sh/export-svc-test", ab.NtfyTopic)
+	assert.Len(t, ab.EnvVars, 2)
+	assert.Len(t, ab.Labels, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, ab.Volumes, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, ab.Ports, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 9090, ab.Ports[0].HostPort)
+	assert.Equal(t, 8080, ab.Ports[0].ContainerPort)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tcp", ab.Ports[0].Protocol)
+}
+
+func TestExportAllApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+	createAppWithFullConfig(t, btc, "export-all-1")
+	createAppWithConfigPort(t, btc, "export-all-2", 9091)
+
+	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportAllApps(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
+	assert.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 2)
+}
+
+func TestExportAllAppsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+
+	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportAllApps(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, bundle.Apps)
+}
+
+func TestImportApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+
+	bundle := &app.BackupBundle{
+		Version:    1,
+		ExportedAt: "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		Apps: []app.Backup{
+			{
+				Name:           "imported-test",
+				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/imported.git",
+				Branch:         "main",
+				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
+				DockerNetwork:  "my-network",
+				EnvVars: []app.BackupEnvVar{
+					{Key: "FOO", Value: "bar"},
+				},
+				Labels: []app.BackupLabel{
+					{Key: "app", Value: "test"},
+				},
+				Volumes: []app.BackupVolume{
+					{HostPath: "/host", ContainerPath: "/container", ReadOnly: true},
+				},
+				Ports: []app.BackupPort{
+					{HostPort: 3000, ContainerPort: 8080, Protocol: "tcp"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	imported, skipped, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"imported-test"}, imported)
+	assert.Empty(t, skipped)
+
+	// Verify the app was created
+	apps, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, apps, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "imported-test", apps[0].Name)
+	assert.True(t, apps[0].DockerNetwork.Valid)
+	assert.Equal(t, "my-network", apps[0].DockerNetwork.String)
+
+	// Has fresh secrets
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, apps[0].WebhookSecret)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, apps[0].SSHPublicKey)
+
+	// Verify sub-resources
+	envVars, _ := apps[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, envVars, 1)
+
+	labels, _ := apps[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, labels, 1)
+
+	volumes, _ := apps[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, volumes, 1)
+	assert.True(t, volumes[0].ReadOnly)
+
+	ports, _ := apps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, ports, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3000, ports[0].HostPort)
+}
+
+func TestImportAppsSkipsDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+
+	// Create existing app
+	_, err := btc.svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:    "existing",
+		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/existing.git",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	bundle := &app.BackupBundle{
+		Version:    1,
+		ExportedAt: "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		Apps: []app.Backup{
+			{
+				Name:           "existing",
+				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/existing.git",
+				Branch:         "main",
+				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
+				EnvVars:        []app.BackupEnvVar{},
+				Labels:         []app.BackupLabel{},
+				Volumes:        []app.BackupVolume{},
+				Ports:          []app.BackupPort{},
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "brand-new",
+				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/new.git",
+				Branch:         "main",
+				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
+				EnvVars:        []app.BackupEnvVar{},
+				Labels:         []app.BackupLabel{},
+				Volumes:        []app.BackupVolume{},
+				Ports:          []app.BackupPort{},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	imported, skipped, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"brand-new"}, imported)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"existing"}, skipped)
+}
+
+func TestImportAppsPortDefaultProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+
+	bundle := &app.BackupBundle{
+		Version:    1,
+		ExportedAt: "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		Apps: []app.Backup{
+			{
+				Name:           "port-default-test",
+				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+				Branch:         "main",
+				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
+				EnvVars:        []app.BackupEnvVar{},
+				Labels:         []app.BackupLabel{},
+				Volumes:        []app.BackupVolume{},
+				Ports: []app.BackupPort{
+					{HostPort: 80, ContainerPort: 80, Protocol: ""},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	imported, _, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, imported, 1)
+
+	apps, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
+	ports, _ := apps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, ports, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, models.PortProtocolTCP, ports[0].Protocol)
+}
+
+func TestExportImportRoundTripService(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+	createAppWithFullConfig(t, btc, "roundtrip-svc")
+
+	// Export
+	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportAllApps(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
+
+	// Delete original
+	apps, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
+	for _, a := range apps {
+		require.NoError(t, btc.svc.DeleteApp(context.Background(), a))
+	}
+
+	// Import
+	imported, skipped, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, imported, 1)
+	assert.Empty(t, skipped)
+
+	// Verify round-trip fidelity
+	restored, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, restored, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "roundtrip-svc", restored[0].Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "develop", restored[0].Branch)
+	assert.Equal(t, "test-network", restored[0].DockerNetwork.String)
+
+	envVars, _ := restored[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, envVars, 2)
+
+	labels, _ := restored[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, labels, 1)
+
+	volumes, _ := restored[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, volumes, 1)
+
+	ports, _ := restored[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, ports, 1)
+}

internal/service/webhook/payloads.go

@@ -1,248 +0,0 @@
-package webhook
-
-import "encoding/json"
-
-// GiteaPushPayload represents a Gitea push webhook payload.
-//
-//nolint:tagliatelle // Field names match Gitea API (snake_case)
-type GiteaPushPayload struct {
-	Ref        string      `json:"ref"`
-	Before     string      `json:"before"`
-	After      string      `json:"after"`
-	CompareURL UnparsedURL `json:"compare_url"`
-	Repository struct {
-		FullName string      `json:"full_name"`
-		CloneURL UnparsedURL `json:"clone_url"`
-		SSHURL   string      `json:"ssh_url"`
-		HTMLURL  UnparsedURL `json:"html_url"`
-	} `json:"repository"`
-	Pusher struct {
-		Username string `json:"username"`
-		Email    string `json:"email"`
-	} `json:"pusher"`
-	Commits []struct {
-		ID      string      `json:"id"`
-		URL     UnparsedURL `json:"url"`
-		Message string      `json:"message"`
-		Author  struct {
-			Name  string `json:"name"`
-			Email string `json:"email"`
-		} `json:"author"`
-	} `json:"commits"`
-}
-
-// GitHubPushPayload represents a GitHub push webhook payload.
-//
-//nolint:tagliatelle // Field names match GitHub API (snake_case)
-type GitHubPushPayload struct {
-	Ref        string `json:"ref"`
-	Before     string `json:"before"`
-	After      string `json:"after"`
-	CompareURL string `json:"compare"`
-	Repository struct {
-		FullName string      `json:"full_name"`
-		CloneURL UnparsedURL `json:"clone_url"`
-		SSHURL   string      `json:"ssh_url"`
-		HTMLURL  UnparsedURL `json:"html_url"`
-	} `json:"repository"`
-	Pusher struct {
-		Name  string `json:"name"`
-		Email string `json:"email"`
-	} `json:"pusher"`
-	HeadCommit *struct {
-		ID      string      `json:"id"`
-		URL     UnparsedURL `json:"url"`
-		Message string      `json:"message"`
-	} `json:"head_commit"`
-	Commits []struct {
-		ID      string      `json:"id"`
-		URL     UnparsedURL `json:"url"`
-		Message string      `json:"message"`
-		Author  struct {
-			Name  string `json:"name"`
-			Email string `json:"email"`
-		} `json:"author"`
-	} `json:"commits"`
-}
-
-// GitLabPushPayload represents a GitLab push webhook payload.
-//
-//nolint:tagliatelle // Field names match GitLab API (snake_case)
-type GitLabPushPayload struct {
-	Ref       string `json:"ref"`
-	Before    string `json:"before"`
-	After     string `json:"after"`
-	UserName  string `json:"user_name"`
-	UserEmail string `json:"user_email"`
-	Project   struct {
-		PathWithNamespace string      `json:"path_with_namespace"`
-		GitHTTPURL        UnparsedURL `json:"git_http_url"`
-		GitSSHURL         string      `json:"git_ssh_url"`
-		WebURL            UnparsedURL `json:"web_url"`
-	} `json:"project"`
-	Commits []struct {
-		ID      string      `json:"id"`
-		URL     UnparsedURL `json:"url"`
-		Message string      `json:"message"`
-		Author  struct {
-			Name  string `json:"name"`
-			Email string `json:"email"`
-		} `json:"author"`
-	} `json:"commits"`
-}
-
-// ParsePushPayload parses a raw webhook payload into a normalized PushEvent
-// based on the detected webhook source. Returns an error if JSON unmarshaling
-// fails. For SourceUnknown, falls back to Gitea format for backward
-// compatibility.
-func ParsePushPayload(source Source, payload []byte) (*PushEvent, error) {
-	switch source {
-	case SourceGitHub:
-		return parseGitHubPush(payload)
-	case SourceGitLab:
-		return parseGitLabPush(payload)
-	case SourceGitea, SourceUnknown:
-		// Gitea and unknown both use Gitea format for backward compatibility.
-		return parseGiteaPush(payload)
-	}
-
-	// Unreachable for known source values, but satisfies exhaustive checker.
-	return parseGiteaPush(payload)
-}
-
-func parseGiteaPush(payload []byte) (*PushEvent, error) {
-	var p GiteaPushPayload
-
-	unmarshalErr := json.Unmarshal(payload, &p)
-	if unmarshalErr != nil {
-		return nil, unmarshalErr
-	}
-
-	commitURL := extractGiteaCommitURL(p)
-
-	return &PushEvent{
-		Source:    SourceGitea,
-		Ref:       p.Ref,
-		Before:    p.Before,
-		After:     p.After,
-		Branch:    extractBranch(p.Ref),
-		RepoName:  p.Repository.FullName,
-		CloneURL:  p.Repository.CloneURL,
-		HTMLURL:   p.Repository.HTMLURL,
-		CommitURL: commitURL,
-		Pusher:    p.Pusher.Username,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func parseGitHubPush(payload []byte) (*PushEvent, error) {
-	var p GitHubPushPayload
-
-	unmarshalErr := json.Unmarshal(payload, &p)
-	if unmarshalErr != nil {
-		return nil, unmarshalErr
-	}
-
-	commitURL := extractGitHubCommitURL(p)
-
-	return &PushEvent{
-		Source:    SourceGitHub,
-		Ref:       p.Ref,
-		Before:    p.Before,
-		After:     p.After,
-		Branch:    extractBranch(p.Ref),
-		RepoName:  p.Repository.FullName,
-		CloneURL:  p.Repository.CloneURL,
-		HTMLURL:   p.Repository.HTMLURL,
-		CommitURL: commitURL,
-		Pusher:    p.Pusher.Name,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func parseGitLabPush(payload []byte) (*PushEvent, error) {
-	var p GitLabPushPayload
-
-	unmarshalErr := json.Unmarshal(payload, &p)
-	if unmarshalErr != nil {
-		return nil, unmarshalErr
-	}
-
-	commitURL := extractGitLabCommitURL(p)
-
-	return &PushEvent{
-		Source:    SourceGitLab,
-		Ref:       p.Ref,
-		Before:    p.Before,
-		After:     p.After,
-		Branch:    extractBranch(p.Ref),
-		RepoName:  p.Project.PathWithNamespace,
-		CloneURL:  p.Project.GitHTTPURL,
-		HTMLURL:   p.Project.WebURL,
-		CommitURL: commitURL,
-		Pusher:    p.UserName,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// extractBranch extracts the branch name from a git ref.
-func extractBranch(ref string) string {
-	// refs/heads/main -> main
-	const prefix = "refs/heads/"
-
-	if len(ref) >= len(prefix) && ref[:len(prefix)] == prefix {
-		return ref[len(prefix):]
-	}
-
-	return ref
-}
-
-// extractGiteaCommitURL extracts the commit URL from a Gitea push payload.
-// Prefers the URL from the head commit, falls back to constructing from repo URL.
-func extractGiteaCommitURL(payload GiteaPushPayload) UnparsedURL {
-	for _, commit := range payload.Commits {
-		if commit.ID == payload.After && commit.URL != "" {
-			return commit.URL
-		}
-	}
-
-	if payload.Repository.HTMLURL != "" && payload.After != "" {
-		return UnparsedURL(payload.Repository.HTMLURL.String() + "/commit/" + payload.After)
-	}
-
-	return ""
-}
-
-// extractGitHubCommitURL extracts the commit URL from a GitHub push payload.
-// Prefers head_commit.url, then searches commits, then constructs from repo URL.
-func extractGitHubCommitURL(payload GitHubPushPayload) UnparsedURL {
-	if payload.HeadCommit != nil && payload.HeadCommit.URL != "" {
-		return payload.HeadCommit.URL
-	}
-
-	for _, commit := range payload.Commits {
-		if commit.ID == payload.After && commit.URL != "" {
-			return commit.URL
-		}
-	}
-
-	if payload.Repository.HTMLURL != "" && payload.After != "" {
-		return UnparsedURL(payload.Repository.HTMLURL.String() + "/commit/" + payload.After)
-	}
-
-	return ""
-}
-
-// extractGitLabCommitURL extracts the commit URL from a GitLab push payload.
-// Prefers commit URL from the commits list, falls back to constructing from
-// project web URL.
-func extractGitLabCommitURL(payload GitLabPushPayload) UnparsedURL {
-	for _, commit := range payload.Commits {
-		if commit.ID == payload.After && commit.URL != "" {
-			return commit.URL
-		}
-	}
-
-	if payload.Project.WebURL != "" && payload.After != "" {
-		return UnparsedURL(payload.Project.WebURL.String() + "/-/commit/" + payload.After)
-	}
-
-	return ""
-}

internal/service/webhook/types.go

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package webhook
 
-import "net/http"
-
 // UnparsedURL is a URL stored as a plain string without parsing.
 // Use this instead of string when the value is known to be a URL
 // but should not be parsed into a net/url.URL (e.g. webhook URLs,
@@ -10,84 +8,3 @@ type UnparsedURL string
 
 // String implements the fmt.Stringer interface.
 func (u UnparsedURL) String() string { return string(u) }
-
-// Source identifies which git hosting platform sent the webhook.
-type Source string
-
-const (
-	// SourceGitea indicates the webhook was sent by a Gitea instance.
-	SourceGitea Source = "gitea"
-
-	// SourceGitHub indicates the webhook was sent by GitHub.
-	SourceGitHub Source = "github"
-
-	// SourceGitLab indicates the webhook was sent by a GitLab instance.
-	SourceGitLab Source = "gitlab"
-
-	// SourceUnknown indicates the webhook source could not be determined.
-	SourceUnknown Source = "unknown"
-)
-
-// String implements the fmt.Stringer interface.
-func (s Source) String() string { return string(s) }
-
-// DetectWebhookSource determines the webhook source from HTTP headers.
-// It checks for platform-specific event headers in this order:
-// Gitea (X-Gitea-Event), GitHub (X-GitHub-Event), GitLab (X-Gitlab-Event).
-// Returns SourceUnknown if no recognized header is found.
-func DetectWebhookSource(headers http.Header) Source {
-	if headers.Get("X-Gitea-Event") != "" {
-		return SourceGitea
-	}
-
-	if headers.Get("X-Github-Event") != "" {
-		return SourceGitHub
-	}
-
-	if headers.Get("X-Gitlab-Event") != "" {
-		return SourceGitLab
-	}
-
-	return SourceUnknown
-}
-
-// DetectEventType extracts the event type string from HTTP headers
-// based on the detected webhook source. Returns "push" as a fallback
-// when no event header is found.
-func DetectEventType(headers http.Header, source Source) string {
-	switch source {
-	case SourceGitea:
-		if v := headers.Get("X-Gitea-Event"); v != "" {
-			return v
-		}
-	case SourceGitHub:
-		if v := headers.Get("X-Github-Event"); v != "" {
-			return v
-		}
-	case SourceGitLab:
-		if v := headers.Get("X-Gitlab-Event"); v != "" {
-			return v
-		}
-	case SourceUnknown:
-		// Fall through to default
-	}
-
-	return "push"
-}
-
-// PushEvent is a normalized representation of a push webhook payload
-// from any supported source (Gitea, GitHub, GitLab). The webhook
-// service converts source-specific payloads into this format before
-// processing.
-type PushEvent struct {
-	Source    Source
-	Ref       string
-	Before    string
-	After     string
-	Branch    string
-	RepoName  string
-	CloneURL  UnparsedURL
-	HTMLURL   UnparsedURL
-	CommitURL UnparsedURL
-	Pusher    string
-}

internal/service/webhook/webhook.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package webhook
 import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 
@@ -43,46 +44,68 @@ func New(_ fx.Lifecycle, params ServiceParams) (*Service, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// HandleWebhook processes a webhook request from any supported source
-// (Gitea, GitHub, or GitLab). The source parameter determines which
-// payload format to use for parsing.
+// GiteaPushPayload represents a Gitea push webhook payload.
+//
+//nolint:tagliatelle // Field names match Gitea API (snake_case)
+type GiteaPushPayload struct {
+	Ref        string      `json:"ref"`
+	Before     string      `json:"before"`
+	After      string      `json:"after"`
+	CompareURL UnparsedURL `json:"compare_url"`
+	Repository struct {
+		FullName string      `json:"full_name"`
+		CloneURL UnparsedURL `json:"clone_url"`
+		SSHURL   string      `json:"ssh_url"`
+		HTMLURL  UnparsedURL `json:"html_url"`
+	} `json:"repository"`
+	Pusher struct {
+		Username string `json:"username"`
+		Email    string `json:"email"`
+	} `json:"pusher"`
+	Commits []struct {
+		ID      string      `json:"id"`
+		URL     UnparsedURL `json:"url"`
+		Message string      `json:"message"`
+		Author  struct {
+			Name  string `json:"name"`
+			Email string `json:"email"`
+		} `json:"author"`
+	} `json:"commits"`
+}
+
+// HandleWebhook processes a webhook request.
 func (svc *Service) HandleWebhook(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	app *models.App,
-	source Source,
 	eventType string,
 	payload []byte,
 ) error {
-	svc.log.Info("processing webhook",
-		"app", app.Name,
-		"source", source.String(),
-		"event", eventType,
-	)
+	svc.log.Info("processing webhook", "app", app.Name, "event", eventType)
 
-	// Parse payload into normalized push event
-	pushEvent, parseErr := ParsePushPayload(source, payload)
-	if parseErr != nil {
-		svc.log.Warn("failed to parse webhook payload",
-			"error", parseErr,
-			"source", source.String(),
-		)
-		// Continue with empty push event to still log the webhook
-		pushEvent = &PushEvent{Source: source}
+	// Parse payload
+	var pushPayload GiteaPushPayload
+
+	unmarshalErr := json.Unmarshal(payload, &pushPayload)
+	if unmarshalErr != nil {
+		svc.log.Warn("failed to parse webhook payload", "error", unmarshalErr)
+		// Continue anyway to log the event
 	}
 
+	// Extract branch from ref
+	branch := extractBranch(pushPayload.Ref)
+	commitSHA := pushPayload.After
+	commitURL := extractCommitURL(pushPayload)
+
 	// Check if branch matches
-	matched := pushEvent.Branch == app.Branch
+	matched := branch == app.Branch
 
 	// Create webhook event record
 	event := models.NewWebhookEvent(svc.db)
 	event.AppID = app.ID
 	event.EventType = eventType
-	event.Branch = pushEvent.Branch
-	event.CommitSHA = sql.NullString{String: pushEvent.After, Valid: pushEvent.After != ""}
-	event.CommitURL = sql.NullString{
-		String: pushEvent.CommitURL.String(),
-		Valid:  pushEvent.CommitURL != "",
-	}
+	event.Branch = branch
+	event.CommitSHA = sql.NullString{String: commitSHA, Valid: commitSHA != ""}
+	event.CommitURL = sql.NullString{String: commitURL.String(), Valid: commitURL != ""}
 	event.Payload = sql.NullString{String: string(payload), Valid: true}
 	event.Matched = matched
 	event.Processed = false
@@ -94,10 +117,9 @@ func (svc *Service) HandleWebhook(
 
 	svc.log.Info("webhook event recorded",
 		"app", app.Name,
-		"source", source.String(),
-		"branch", pushEvent.Branch,
+		"branch", branch,
 		"matched", matched,
-		"commit", pushEvent.After,
+		"commit", commitSHA,
 	)
 
 	// If branch matches, trigger deployment
@@ -132,3 +154,33 @@ func (svc *Service) triggerDeployment(
 		_ = event.Save(deployCtx)
 	}()
 }
+
+// extractBranch extracts the branch name from a git ref.
+func extractBranch(ref string) string {
+	// refs/heads/main -> main
+	const prefix = "refs/heads/"
+
+	if len(ref) >= len(prefix) && ref[:len(prefix)] == prefix {
+		return ref[len(prefix):]
+	}
+
+	return ref
+}
+
+// extractCommitURL extracts the commit URL from the webhook payload.
+// Prefers the URL from the head commit, falls back to constructing from repo URL.
+func extractCommitURL(payload GiteaPushPayload) UnparsedURL {
+	// Try to find the URL from the head commit (matching After SHA)
+	for _, commit := range payload.Commits {
+		if commit.ID == payload.After && commit.URL != "" {
+			return commit.URL
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Fall back to constructing URL from repo HTML URL
+	if payload.Repository.HTMLURL != "" && payload.After != "" {
+		return UnparsedURL(payload.Repository.HTMLURL.String() + "/commit/" + payload.After)
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}

internal/service/webhook/webhook_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package webhook_test
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
@@ -103,114 +102,44 @@ func createTestApp(
 	return app
 }
 
-// TestDetectWebhookSource tests auto-detection of webhook source from HTTP headers.
-//
 //nolint:funlen // table-driven test with comprehensive test cases
-func TestDetectWebhookSource(testingT *testing.T) {
+func TestExtractBranch(testingT *testing.T) {
 	testingT.Parallel()
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		name     string
-		headers  map[string]string
-		expected webhook.Source
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "detects Gitea from X-Gitea-Event header",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-Gitea-Event": "push"},
-			expected: webhook.SourceGitea,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "detects GitHub from X-GitHub-Event header",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-GitHub-Event": "push"},
-			expected: webhook.SourceGitHub,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "detects GitLab from X-Gitlab-Event header",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-Gitlab-Event": "Push Hook"},
-			expected: webhook.SourceGitLab,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "returns unknown when no recognized header",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"Content-Type": "application/json"},
-			expected: webhook.SourceUnknown,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "returns unknown for empty headers",
-			headers:  map[string]string{},
-			expected: webhook.SourceUnknown,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "Gitea takes precedence over GitHub",
-			headers: map[string]string{
-				"X-Gitea-Event":  "push",
-				"X-GitHub-Event": "push",
-			},
-			expected: webhook.SourceGitea,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "GitHub takes precedence over GitLab",
-			headers: map[string]string{
-				"X-GitHub-Event": "push",
-				"X-Gitlab-Event": "Push Hook",
-			},
-			expected: webhook.SourceGitHub,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, testCase := range tests {
-		testingT.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			headers := http.Header{}
-			for key, value := range testCase.headers {
-				headers.Set(key, value)
-			}
-
-			result := webhook.DetectWebhookSource(headers)
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected, result)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestDetectEventType tests event type extraction from HTTP headers.
-func TestDetectEventType(testingT *testing.T) {
-	testingT.Parallel()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		headers  map[string]string
-		source   webhook.Source
+		ref      string
 		expected string
 	}{
 		{
-			name:     "extracts Gitea event type",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-Gitea-Event": "push"},
-			source:   webhook.SourceGitea,
-			expected: "push",
+			name:     "extracts main branch",
+			ref:      "refs/heads/main",
+			expected: "main",
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "extracts GitHub event type",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-GitHub-Event": "push"},
-			source:   webhook.SourceGitHub,
-			expected: "push",
+			name:     "extracts feature branch",
+			ref:      "refs/heads/feature/new-feature",
+			expected: "feature/new-feature",
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "extracts GitLab event type",
-			headers:  map[string]string{"X-Gitlab-Event": "Push Hook"},
-			source:   webhook.SourceGitLab,
-			expected: "Push Hook",
+			name:     "extracts develop branch",
+			ref:      "refs/heads/develop",
+			expected: "develop",
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "returns push for unknown source",
-			headers:  map[string]string{},
-			source:   webhook.SourceUnknown,
-			expected: "push",
+			name:     "returns raw ref if no prefix",
+			ref:      "main",
+			expected: "main",
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "returns push when header missing for source",
-			headers:  map[string]string{},
-			source:   webhook.SourceGitea,
-			expected: "push",
+			name:     "handles empty ref",
+			ref:      "",
+			expected: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "handles partial prefix",
+			ref:      "refs/heads/",
+			expected: "",
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -218,318 +147,123 @@ func TestDetectEventType(testingT *testing.T) {
 		testingT.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 
-			headers := http.Header{}
-			for key, value := range testCase.headers {
-				headers.Set(key, value)
-			}
+			// We test via HandleWebhook since extractBranch is not exported.
+			// The test verifies behavior indirectly through the webhook event's branch.
+			svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
+			defer cleanup()
 
-			result := webhook.DetectEventType(headers, testCase.source)
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected, result)
+			app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, testCase.expected)
+
+			payload := []byte(`{"ref": "` + testCase.ref + `"}`)
+
+			err := svc.HandleWebhook(context.Background(), app, "push", payload)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Allow async deployment goroutine to complete before test cleanup
+			time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+			events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Len(t, events, 1)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected, events[0].Branch)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-// TestWebhookSourceString tests the String method on WebhookSource.
-func TestWebhookSourceString(t *testing.T) {
+func TestHandleWebhookMatchingBranch(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	assert.Equal(t, "gitea", webhook.SourceGitea.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "github", webhook.SourceGitHub.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "gitlab", webhook.SourceGitLab.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "unknown", webhook.SourceUnknown.String())
-}
+	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
+	defer cleanup()
 
-// TestUnparsedURLString tests the String method on UnparsedURL.
-func TestUnparsedURLString(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	u := webhook.UnparsedURL("https://example.com/test")
-	assert.Equal(t, "https://example.com/test", u.String())
-
-	empty := webhook.UnparsedURL("")
-	assert.Empty(t, empty.String())
-}
-
-// TestParsePushPayloadGitea tests parsing of Gitea push payloads.
-func TestParsePushPayloadGitea(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
+	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
 
 	payload := []byte(`{
 		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
 		"before": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-		"after": "abc123def456789",
-		"compare_url": "https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo/compare/000...abc",
+		"after": "abc123def456",
 		"repository": {
-			"full_name": "myorg/myrepo",
-			"clone_url": "https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo.git",
-			"ssh_url": "git@gitea.example.com:myorg/myrepo.git",
-			"html_url": "https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo"
+			"full_name": "user/repo",
+			"clone_url": "https://gitea.example.com/user/repo.git",
+			"ssh_url": "git@gitea.example.com:user/repo.git"
 		},
-		"pusher": {"username": "developer", "email": "dev@example.com"},
-		"commits": [
-			{
-				"id": "abc123def456789",
-				"url": "https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo/commit/abc123def456789",
-				"message": "Fix bug",
-				"author": {"name": "Developer", "email": "dev@example.com"}
-			}
-		]
+		"pusher": {"username": "testuser", "email": "test@example.com"},
+		"commits": [{"id": "abc123def456", "message": "Test commit",
+			"author": {"name": "Test User", "email": "test@example.com"}}]
 	}`)
 
-	event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitea, payload)
+	err := svc.HandleWebhook(context.Background(), app, "push", payload)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.SourceGitea, event.Source)
-	assert.Equal(t, "refs/heads/main", event.Ref)
+	// Allow async deployment goroutine to complete before test cleanup
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, events, 1)
+
+	event := events[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "push", event.EventType)
 	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc123def456789", event.After)
-	assert.Equal(t, "myorg/myrepo", event.RepoName)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo.git"), event.CloneURL)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo"), event.HTMLURL)
-	assert.Equal(t,
-		webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitea.example.com/myorg/myrepo/commit/abc123def456789"),
-		event.CommitURL,
-	)
-	assert.Equal(t, "developer", event.Pusher)
+	assert.True(t, event.Matched)
+	assert.Equal(t, "abc123def456", event.CommitSHA.String)
 }
 
-// TestParsePushPayloadGitHub tests parsing of GitHub push payloads.
-func TestParsePushPayloadGitHub(t *testing.T) {
+func TestHandleWebhookNonMatchingBranch(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	payload := []byte(`{
-		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-		"before": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-		"after": "abc123def456789",
-		"compare": "https://github.com/myorg/myrepo/compare/000...abc",
-		"repository": {
-			"full_name": "myorg/myrepo",
-			"clone_url": "https://github.com/myorg/myrepo.git",
-			"ssh_url": "git@github.com:myorg/myrepo.git",
-			"html_url": "https://github.com/myorg/myrepo"
-		},
-		"pusher": {"name": "developer", "email": "dev@example.com"},
-		"head_commit": {
-			"id": "abc123def456789",
-			"url": "https://github.com/myorg/myrepo/commit/abc123def456789",
-			"message": "Fix bug"
-		},
-		"commits": [
-			{
-				"id": "abc123def456789",
-				"url": "https://github.com/myorg/myrepo/commit/abc123def456789",
-				"message": "Fix bug",
-				"author": {"name": "Developer", "email": "dev@example.com"}
-			}
-		]
-	}`)
+	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
+	defer cleanup()
 
-	event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitHub, payload)
+	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
+
+	payload := []byte(`{"ref": "refs/heads/develop", "after": "def789ghi012"}`)
+
+	err := svc.HandleWebhook(context.Background(), app, "push", payload)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.SourceGitHub, event.Source)
-	assert.Equal(t, "refs/heads/main", event.Ref)
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc123def456789", event.After)
-	assert.Equal(t, "myorg/myrepo", event.RepoName)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/myorg/myrepo.git"), event.CloneURL)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/myorg/myrepo"), event.HTMLURL)
-	assert.Equal(t,
-		webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/myorg/myrepo/commit/abc123def456789"),
-		event.CommitURL,
-	)
-	assert.Equal(t, "developer", event.Pusher)
+	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, events, 1)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "develop", events[0].Branch)
+	assert.False(t, events[0].Matched)
 }
 
-// TestParsePushPayloadGitLab tests parsing of GitLab push payloads.
-func TestParsePushPayloadGitLab(t *testing.T) {
+func TestHandleWebhookInvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	payload := []byte(`{
-		"ref": "refs/heads/develop",
-		"before": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-		"after": "abc123def456789",
-		"user_name": "developer",
-		"user_email": "dev@example.com",
-		"project": {
-			"path_with_namespace": "mygroup/myproject",
-			"git_http_url": "https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject.git",
-			"git_ssh_url": "git@gitlab.com:mygroup/myproject.git",
-			"web_url": "https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject"
-		},
-		"commits": [
-			{
-				"id": "abc123def456789",
-				"url": "https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject/-/commit/abc123def456789",
-				"message": "Fix bug",
-				"author": {"name": "Developer", "email": "dev@example.com"}
-			}
-		]
-	}`)
+	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
+	defer cleanup()
 
-	event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitLab, payload)
+	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
+
+	err := svc.HandleWebhook(context.Background(), app, "push", []byte(`{invalid json}`))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.SourceGitLab, event.Source)
-	assert.Equal(t, "refs/heads/develop", event.Ref)
-	assert.Equal(t, "develop", event.Branch)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc123def456789", event.After)
-	assert.Equal(t, "mygroup/myproject", event.RepoName)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject.git"), event.CloneURL)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject"), event.HTMLURL)
-	assert.Equal(t,
-		webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject/-/commit/abc123def456789"),
-		event.CommitURL,
-	)
-	assert.Equal(t, "developer", event.Pusher)
+	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, events, 1)
 }
 
-// TestParsePushPayloadUnknownFallsBackToGitea tests that unknown source uses Gitea parser.
-func TestParsePushPayloadUnknownFallsBackToGitea(t *testing.T) {
+func TestHandleWebhookEmptyPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	payload := []byte(`{
-		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-		"after": "abc123",
-		"repository": {"full_name": "user/repo"},
-		"pusher": {"username": "user"}
-	}`)
+	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
+	defer cleanup()
 
-	event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceUnknown, payload)
+	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
+
+	err := svc.HandleWebhook(context.Background(), app, "push", []byte(`{}`))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.SourceGitea, event.Source)
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc123", event.After)
+	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, events, 1)
+	assert.False(t, events[0].Matched)
 }
 
-// TestParsePushPayloadInvalidJSON tests that invalid JSON returns an error.
-func TestParsePushPayloadInvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	sources := []webhook.Source{
-		webhook.SourceGitea,
-		webhook.SourceGitHub,
-		webhook.SourceGitLab,
-	}
-
-	for _, source := range sources {
-		t.Run(source.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			_, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(source, []byte(`{invalid json}`))
-			require.Error(t, err)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestParsePushPayloadEmptyPayload tests parsing of empty JSON objects.
-func TestParsePushPayloadEmptyPayload(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	sources := []webhook.Source{
-		webhook.SourceGitea,
-		webhook.SourceGitHub,
-		webhook.SourceGitLab,
-	}
-
-	for _, source := range sources {
-		t.Run(source.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(source, []byte(`{}`))
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			assert.Empty(t, event.Branch)
-			assert.Empty(t, event.After)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestGitHubCommitURLFallback tests commit URL extraction fallback paths for GitHub.
-func TestGitHubCommitURLFallback(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	t.Run("uses head_commit URL when available", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		payload := []byte(`{
-			"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-			"after": "abc123",
-			"head_commit": {"id": "abc123", "url": "https://github.com/u/r/commit/abc123"},
-			"repository": {"html_url": "https://github.com/u/r"}
-		}`)
-
-		event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitHub, payload)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/u/r/commit/abc123"), event.CommitURL)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("falls back to commits list", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		payload := []byte(`{
-			"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-			"after": "abc123",
-			"commits": [{"id": "abc123", "url": "https://github.com/u/r/commit/abc123"}],
-			"repository": {"html_url": "https://github.com/u/r"}
-		}`)
-
-		event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitHub, payload)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/u/r/commit/abc123"), event.CommitURL)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("constructs URL from repo HTML URL", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		payload := []byte(`{
-			"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-			"after": "abc123",
-			"repository": {"html_url": "https://github.com/u/r"}
-		}`)
-
-		event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitHub, payload)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/u/r/commit/abc123"), event.CommitURL)
-	})
-}
-
-// TestGitLabCommitURLFallback tests commit URL extraction fallback paths for GitLab.
-func TestGitLabCommitURLFallback(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	t.Run("uses commit URL from list", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		payload := []byte(`{
-			"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-			"after": "abc123",
-			"project": {"web_url": "https://gitlab.com/g/p"},
-			"commits": [{"id": "abc123", "url": "https://gitlab.com/g/p/-/commit/abc123"}]
-		}`)
-
-		event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitLab, payload)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/g/p/-/commit/abc123"), event.CommitURL)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("constructs URL from project web URL", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		payload := []byte(`{
-			"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-			"after": "abc123",
-			"project": {"web_url": "https://gitlab.com/g/p"}
-		}`)
-
-		event, err := webhook.ParsePushPayload(webhook.SourceGitLab, payload)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, webhook.UnparsedURL("https://gitlab.com/g/p/-/commit/abc123"), event.CommitURL)
-	})
-}
-
-// TestGiteaPushPayloadParsing tests direct deserialization of the Gitea payload struct.
 func TestGiteaPushPayloadParsing(testingT *testing.T) {
 	testingT.Parallel()
 
@@ -588,354 +322,6 @@ func TestGiteaPushPayloadParsing(testingT *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-// TestGitHubPushPayloadParsing tests direct deserialization of the GitHub payload struct.
-func TestGitHubPushPayloadParsing(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	payload := []byte(`{
-		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-		"before": "0000000000",
-		"after": "abc123",
-		"compare": "https://github.com/o/r/compare/000...abc",
-		"repository": {
-			"full_name": "o/r",
-			"clone_url": "https://github.com/o/r.git",
-			"ssh_url": "git@github.com:o/r.git",
-			"html_url": "https://github.com/o/r"
-		},
-		"pusher": {"name": "octocat", "email": "octocat@github.com"},
-		"head_commit": {
-			"id": "abc123",
-			"url": "https://github.com/o/r/commit/abc123",
-			"message": "Update README"
-		},
-		"commits": [
-			{
-				"id": "abc123",
-				"url": "https://github.com/o/r/commit/abc123",
-				"message": "Update README",
-				"author": {"name": "Octocat", "email": "octocat@github.com"}
-			}
-		]
-	}`)
-
-	var p webhook.GitHubPushPayload
-
-	err := json.Unmarshal(payload, &p)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, "refs/heads/main", p.Ref)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc123", p.After)
-	assert.Equal(t, "o/r", p.Repository.FullName)
-	assert.Equal(t, "octocat", p.Pusher.Name)
-	assert.NotNil(t, p.HeadCommit)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc123", p.HeadCommit.ID)
-	assert.Len(t, p.Commits, 1)
-}
-
-// TestGitLabPushPayloadParsing tests direct deserialization of the GitLab payload struct.
-func TestGitLabPushPayloadParsing(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	payload := []byte(`{
-		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-		"before": "0000000000",
-		"after": "abc123",
-		"user_name": "gitlab-user",
-		"user_email": "user@gitlab.com",
-		"project": {
-			"path_with_namespace": "group/project",
-			"git_http_url": "https://gitlab.com/group/project.git",
-			"git_ssh_url": "git@gitlab.com:group/project.git",
-			"web_url": "https://gitlab.com/group/project"
-		},
-		"commits": [
-			{
-				"id": "abc123",
-				"url": "https://gitlab.com/group/project/-/commit/abc123",
-				"message": "Fix pipeline",
-				"author": {"name": "GitLab User", "email": "user@gitlab.com"}
-			}
-		]
-	}`)
-
-	var p webhook.GitLabPushPayload
-
-	err := json.Unmarshal(payload, &p)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, "refs/heads/main", p.Ref)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc123", p.After)
-	assert.Equal(t, "group/project", p.Project.PathWithNamespace)
-	assert.Equal(t, "gitlab-user", p.UserName)
-	assert.Len(t, p.Commits, 1)
-}
-
-// TestExtractBranch tests branch extraction via HandleWebhook integration (extractBranch is unexported).
-//
-//nolint:funlen // table-driven test with comprehensive test cases
-func TestExtractBranch(testingT *testing.T) {
-	testingT.Parallel()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		ref      string
-		expected string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "extracts main branch",
-			ref:      "refs/heads/main",
-			expected: "main",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "extracts feature branch",
-			ref:      "refs/heads/feature/new-feature",
-			expected: "feature/new-feature",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "extracts develop branch",
-			ref:      "refs/heads/develop",
-			expected: "develop",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "returns raw ref if no prefix",
-			ref:      "main",
-			expected: "main",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "handles empty ref",
-			ref:      "",
-			expected: "",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "handles partial prefix",
-			ref:      "refs/heads/",
-			expected: "",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, testCase := range tests {
-		testingT.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			// We test via HandleWebhook since extractBranch is not exported.
-			// The test verifies behavior indirectly through the webhook event's branch.
-			svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
-			defer cleanup()
-
-			app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, testCase.expected)
-
-			payload := []byte(`{"ref": "` + testCase.ref + `"}`)
-
-			err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-				context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, "push", payload,
-			)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			// Allow async deployment goroutine to complete before test cleanup
-			time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-			events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.Len(t, events, 1)
-
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected, events[0].Branch)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestHandleWebhookMatchingBranch(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
-
-	payload := []byte(`{
-		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-		"before": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-		"after": "abc123def456",
-		"repository": {
-			"full_name": "user/repo",
-			"clone_url": "https://gitea.example.com/user/repo.git",
-			"ssh_url": "git@gitea.example.com:user/repo.git"
-		},
-		"pusher": {"username": "testuser", "email": "test@example.com"},
-		"commits": [{"id": "abc123def456", "message": "Test commit",
-			"author": {"name": "Test User", "email": "test@example.com"}}]
-	}`)
-
-	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, "push", payload,
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Allow async deployment goroutine to complete before test cleanup
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, events, 1)
-
-	event := events[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, "push", event.EventType)
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
-	assert.True(t, event.Matched)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc123def456", event.CommitSHA.String)
-}
-
-func TestHandleWebhookNonMatchingBranch(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
-
-	payload := []byte(`{"ref": "refs/heads/develop", "after": "def789ghi012"}`)
-
-	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, "push", payload,
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, events, 1)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, "develop", events[0].Branch)
-	assert.False(t, events[0].Matched)
-}
-
-func TestHandleWebhookInvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
-
-	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, "push", []byte(`{invalid json}`),
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, events, 1)
-}
-
-func TestHandleWebhookEmptyPayload(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
-
-	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitea, "push", []byte(`{}`),
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, events, 1)
-	assert.False(t, events[0].Matched)
-}
-
-// TestHandleWebhookGitHubSource tests HandleWebhook with a GitHub push payload.
-func TestHandleWebhookGitHubSource(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
-
-	payload := []byte(`{
-		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-		"after": "github123",
-		"repository": {
-			"full_name": "org/repo",
-			"clone_url": "https://github.com/org/repo.git",
-			"html_url": "https://github.com/org/repo"
-		},
-		"pusher": {"name": "octocat", "email": "octocat@github.com"},
-		"head_commit": {
-			"id": "github123",
-			"url": "https://github.com/org/repo/commit/github123",
-			"message": "Update feature"
-		}
-	}`)
-
-	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitHub, "push", payload,
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Allow async deployment goroutine to complete before test cleanup
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, events, 1)
-
-	event := events[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
-	assert.True(t, event.Matched)
-	assert.Equal(t, "github123", event.CommitSHA.String)
-	assert.Equal(t, "https://github.com/org/repo/commit/github123", event.CommitURL.String)
-}
-
-// TestHandleWebhookGitLabSource tests HandleWebhook with a GitLab push payload.
-func TestHandleWebhookGitLabSource(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	svc, dbInst, cleanup := setupTestService(t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	app := createTestApp(t, dbInst, "main")
-
-	payload := []byte(`{
-		"ref": "refs/heads/main",
-		"after": "gitlab456",
-		"user_name": "gitlab-dev",
-		"user_email": "dev@gitlab.com",
-		"project": {
-			"path_with_namespace": "group/project",
-			"git_http_url": "https://gitlab.com/group/project.git",
-			"web_url": "https://gitlab.com/group/project"
-		},
-		"commits": [
-			{
-				"id": "gitlab456",
-				"url": "https://gitlab.com/group/project/-/commit/gitlab456",
-				"message": "Deploy fix"
-			}
-		]
-	}`)
-
-	err := svc.HandleWebhook(
-		context.Background(), app, webhook.SourceGitLab, "push", payload,
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Allow async deployment goroutine to complete before test cleanup
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	events, err := app.GetWebhookEvents(context.Background(), 10)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, events, 1)
-
-	event := events[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
-	assert.True(t, event.Matched)
-	assert.Equal(t, "gitlab456", event.CommitSHA.String)
-	assert.Equal(t, "https://gitlab.com/group/project/-/commit/gitlab456", event.CommitURL.String)
-}
-
 // TestSetupTestService verifies the test helper creates a working test service.
 func TestSetupTestService(testingT *testing.T) {
 	testingT.Parallel()
@@ -955,25 +341,3 @@ func TestSetupTestService(testingT *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	})
 }
-
-// TestPushEventConstruction tests that PushEvent can be constructed directly.
-func TestPushEventConstruction(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	event := webhook.PushEvent{
-		Source:    webhook.SourceGitHub,
-		Ref:       "refs/heads/main",
-		Before:    "000",
-		After:     "abc",
-		Branch:    "main",
-		RepoName:  "org/repo",
-		CloneURL:  webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/org/repo.git"),
-		HTMLURL:   webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/org/repo"),
-		CommitURL: webhook.UnparsedURL("https://github.com/org/repo/commit/abc"),
-		Pusher:    "user",
-	}
-
-	assert.Equal(t, "main", event.Branch)
-	assert.Equal(t, webhook.SourceGitHub, event.Source)
-	assert.Equal(t, "abc", event.After)
-}

templates/app_detail.html

@@ -432,6 +432,18 @@
         </div>
     </div>
 
+    <!-- Backup -->
+    <div class="card p-6 mb-6">
+        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Backup</h2>
+        <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-3">Export this app's configuration (settings, env vars, labels, volumes, ports) as a JSON file for backup or migration.</p>
+        <a href="/apps/{{.App.ID}}/export" class="btn-secondary">
+            <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1 inline" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 16v1a3 3 0 003 3h10a3 3 0 003-3v-1m-4-4l-4 4m0 0l-4-4m4 4V4"/>
+            </svg>
+            Export Config
+        </a>
+    </div>
+
     <!-- Danger Zone -->
     <div class="card border-2 border-error-500/20 bg-error-50/50 p-6">
         <h2 class="text-lg font-medium text-error-700 mb-4">Danger Zone</h2>

templates/backup_import.html

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+{{template "base" .}}
+
+{{define "title"}}Import Backup - µPaaS{{end}}
+
+{{define "content"}}
+{{template "nav" .}}
+
+<main class="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-4 py-8">
+    <div class="mb-6">
+        <a href="/" class="text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-800 inline-flex items-center">
+            <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M15 19l-7-7 7-7"/>
+            </svg>
+            Back to Dashboard
+        </a>
+    </div>
+
+    {{template "alert-success" .}}
+    {{template "alert-error" .}}
+
+    <h1 class="text-2xl font-medium text-gray-900 mb-6">Import Backup</h1>
+
+    <div class="card p-6 mb-6">
+        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Restore from Backup File</h2>
+        <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4">
+            Upload a previously exported µPaaS backup file (JSON) to restore app configurations.
+            New apps will be created with fresh SSH keys and webhook secrets.
+            Apps whose names already exist will be skipped.
+        </p>
+        <form method="POST" action="/backup/import" enctype="multipart/form-data">
+            {{ .CSRFField }}
+            <div class="mb-4">
+                <label for="backup_file" class="form-label">Backup File</label>
+                <input type="file" id="backup_file" name="backup_file" accept=".json,application/json"
+                    class="block w-full text-sm text-gray-500
+                    file:mr-4 file:py-2 file:px-4
+                    file:rounded file:border-0
+                    file:text-sm file:font-medium
+                    file:bg-primary-50 file:text-primary-700
+                    hover:file:bg-primary-100
+                    cursor-pointer">
+            </div>
+            <button type="submit" class="btn-primary">Import</button>
+        </form>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="card p-6">
+        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Export All Apps</h2>
+        <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4">
+            Download a backup of all app configurations. This includes app settings,
+            environment variables, labels, volumes, and port mappings.
+            Secrets (SSH keys, webhook tokens) are not included — they are regenerated on import.
+        </p>
+        <a href="/backup/export" class="btn-secondary">
+            <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1 inline" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 16v1a3 3 0 003 3h10a3 3 0 003-3v-1m-4-4l-4 4m0 0l-4-4m4 4V4"/>
+            </svg>
+            Export All Apps
+        </a>
+    </div>
+</main>
+{{end}}

templates/dashboard.html

@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@
 
     <div class="section-header">
         <h1 class="text-2xl font-medium text-gray-900">Applications</h1>
+        <div class="flex gap-3">
+            <a href="/backup/import" class="btn-secondary">
+                <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1 inline" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                    <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 16v1a3 3 0 003 3h10a3 3 0 003-3v-1m-4-8l-4-4m0 0L8 8m4-4v12"/>
+                </svg>
+                Backup / Restore
+            </a>
             <a href="/apps/new" class="btn-primary">
                 <svg class="w-5 h-5 mr-1" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                     <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M12 4v16m8-8H4"/>
@@ -18,6 +25,7 @@
                 New App
             </a>
         </div>
+    </div>
 
     {{if .AppStats}}
     <div class="card overflow-hidden">

templates/templates.go

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ func initTemplates() {
 		"app_edit.html",
 		"deployments.html",
 		"webhook_events.html",
+		"backup_import.html",
 	}
 
 	pageTemplates = make(map[string]*template.Template)