feat: add backup/restore of app configurations

Add export and import functionality for app configurations: - Export single app or all apps as versioned JSON backup bundle - Import from backup file with name-conflict detection (skip duplicates) - Fresh SSH keys and webhook secrets generated on import - Preserves env vars, labels, volumes, and port mappings - Web UI: export button on app detail, backup/restore page on dashboard - REST API: GET /api/v1/apps/{id}/export, GET /api/v1/backup/export, POST /api/v1/backup/import - Comprehensive test coverage for service and handler layers
2026-03-17 02:17:34 -07:00
12 changed files with 1740 additions and 59 deletions
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ A simple self-hosted PaaS that auto-deploys Docker containers from Git repositor
 - Environment variables, labels, and volume mounts per app
 - Docker builds via socket access
 - Notifications via ntfy and Slack-compatible webhooks
+- Backup/restore of app configurations (JSON export/import via UI and API)
 - Simple server-rendered UI with Tailwind CSS

 ## Non-Goals
--- a/TODO.md
+++ b/TODO.md
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-# Workflow
-
-* branch (from `main`)
-* do the work in Next Step
-* move Next Step to the top of Completed Steps
-* move the top item of Future Steps into Next Step
-* commit (`TODO.md` changes in the same commit as the work)
-* merge to `main` if the branch is not protected, otherwise open a PR
-* push
-
-# Status
-
-1.0+. Tagged 1.0.0 on 2026-02-26; 8 commits on main since. Policy
-violation: main currently fails make check (91 lint issues), so the tree
-is out of compliance until fixed.
-
-# Next Step
-
-Fix the 47 noctx lint findings (HTTP requests without context) in one
-commit and confirm the count drops under make check. This is the largest
-of the three lint classes blocking a green main.
-
-# Completed Steps
-
- 2026-03-11: Monolithic env var editing with bulk save (#158).
- 2026-03-10: Webhook event history UI page (#164); added missing
-  Makefile docker and hooks targets plus test timeout (#159);
-  notification settings passed from create form (#160).
- 2026-03-03: REPO_POLICIES compliance file set added (#155).
- 2026-03-01: Module path changed to sneak.berlin/go/upaas (#143);
-  Dockerfile split into lint and build stages with forced lint
-  execution (#152, #154).
- 2026-02-26: 1.0.0 tagged; dashboard CSRFField crash fixed (#146).
- 1.0 audit bug fixes (#120-#125): deferred rollback on commit error,
-  deployment log size cap, error path rendering, docker-compose bind
-  mount, domain type refactor.
- CI simplified to docker build only (#130).
- 2025-12-29 onward: core PaaS built out: deploys with real-time build
-  log streaming, container start/stop/restart and logs, TCP/UDP port
-  mapping, Alpine.js UI, Slack notifications, ULID app IDs, session
-  handling.
-
-# Future Steps
-
- Get main green (compliance, ordered):
-    - Fix 47 noctx findings (Next Step).
-    - Fix 23 gosec findings.
-    - Fix 21 goconst findings.
-    - Run make check clean on main and keep it green; main must always
-      pass.
- Confirm .gitea/workflows/check.yml gates merges on make check so main
-  cannot regress.
- Resume feature work only after main is green.
--- a/internal/handlers/api_test.go
+++ b/internal/handlers/api_test.go
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ func apiRouter(tc *testContext) http.Handler {
 			apiR.Get("/apps", tc.handlers.HandleAPIListApps())
 			apiR.Get("/apps/{id}", tc.handlers.HandleAPIGetApp())
 			apiR.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments", tc.handlers.HandleAPIListDeployments())
+
+			// Backup/Restore API
+			apiR.Get("/apps/{id}/export", tc.handlers.HandleAPIExportApp())
+			apiR.Get("/backup/export", tc.handlers.HandleAPIExportAllApps())
+			apiR.Post("/backup/import", tc.handlers.HandleAPIImportApps())
 		})
 	})

--- a/internal/handlers/backup.go
+++ b/internal/handlers/backup.go
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/app"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/templates"
+)
+
+// importMaxBodyBytes is the maximum allowed request body size for backup import (10 MB).
+const importMaxBodyBytes = 10 << 20
+
+// HandleExportApp exports a single app's configuration as a JSON download.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleExportApp() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
+
+		application, findErr := models.FindApp(request.Context(), h.db, appID)
+		if findErr != nil || application == nil {
+			http.NotFound(writer, request)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportApp(request.Context(), application)
+		if exportErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to export app", "error", exportErr, "app", application.Name)
+			http.Error(writer, "Internal Server Error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		filename := fmt.Sprintf("upaas-backup-%s-%s.json",
+			application.Name,
+			time.Now().UTC().Format("20060102-150405"),
+		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition",
+			`attachment; filename="`+filename+`"`)
+
+		encoder := json.NewEncoder(writer)
+		encoder.SetIndent("", "  ")
+
+		err := encoder.Encode(bundle)
+		if err != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to encode backup", "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleExportAllApps exports all app configurations as a JSON download.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleExportAllApps() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportAllApps(request.Context())
+		if exportErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to export all apps", "error", exportErr)
+			http.Error(writer, "Internal Server Error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		filename := fmt.Sprintf("upaas-backup-all-%s.json",
+			time.Now().UTC().Format("20060102-150405"),
+		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition",
+			`attachment; filename="`+filename+`"`)
+
+		encoder := json.NewEncoder(writer)
+		encoder.SetIndent("", "  ")
+
+		err := encoder.Encode(bundle)
+		if err != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to encode backup", "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleImportPage renders the import/restore page.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleImportPage() http.HandlerFunc {
+	tmpl := templates.GetParsed()
+
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
+			"Success": request.URL.Query().Get("success"),
+		}, request)
+
+		h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "backup_import.html", data)
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleImportApps processes an uploaded backup JSON file and imports apps.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleImportApps() http.HandlerFunc {
+	tmpl := templates.GetParsed()
+
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		bundle, parseErr := h.parseBackupUpload(request)
+		if parseErr != "" {
+			data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{"Error": parseErr}, request)
+			h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "backup_import.html", data)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		imported, skipped, importErr := h.appService.ImportApps(
+			request.Context(), bundle,
+		)
+		if importErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to import apps", "error", importErr)
+
+			data := h.addGlobals(map[string]any{
+				"Error": "Import failed: " + importErr.Error(),
+			}, request)
+			h.renderTemplate(writer, tmpl, "backup_import.html", data)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		successMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Imported %d app(s)", len(imported))
+		if len(skipped) > 0 {
+			successMsg += fmt.Sprintf(", skipped %d (name conflict)", len(skipped))
+		}
+
+		http.Redirect(writer, request,
+			"/backup/import?success="+successMsg,
+			http.StatusSeeOther,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// parseBackupUpload extracts and validates a BackupBundle from a multipart upload.
+// Returns the bundle and an empty string on success, or nil and an error message.
+func (h *Handlers) parseBackupUpload(
+	request *http.Request,
+) (*app.BackupBundle, string) {
+	request.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(nil, request.Body, importMaxBodyBytes)
+
+	parseErr := request.ParseMultipartForm(importMaxBodyBytes)
+	if parseErr != nil {
+		return nil, "Failed to parse upload: " + parseErr.Error()
+	}
+
+	file, _, openErr := request.FormFile("backup_file")
+	if openErr != nil {
+		return nil, "Please select a backup file to import"
+	}
+
+	defer func() { _ = file.Close() }()
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+
+	decodeErr := json.NewDecoder(file).Decode(&bundle)
+	if decodeErr != nil {
+		return nil, "Invalid backup file: " + decodeErr.Error()
+	}
+
+	if bundle.Version != 1 {
+		return nil, fmt.Sprintf(
+			"Unsupported backup version: %d (expected 1)", bundle.Version,
+		)
+	}
+
+	if len(bundle.Apps) == 0 {
+		return nil, "Backup file contains no apps"
+	}
+
+	return &bundle, ""
+}
+
+// HandleAPIExportApp exports a single app's configuration as JSON via API.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIExportApp() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		appID := chi.URLParam(request, "id")
+
+		application, err := h.appService.GetApp(request.Context(), appID)
+		if err != nil {
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "internal server error"},
+				http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if application == nil {
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "app not found"},
+				http.StatusNotFound)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportApp(request.Context(), application)
+		if exportErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to export app", "error", exportErr)
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "failed to export app"},
+				http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		h.respondJSON(writer, request, bundle, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleAPIExportAllApps exports all app configurations as JSON via API.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIExportAllApps() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		bundle, exportErr := h.appService.ExportAllApps(request.Context())
+		if exportErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("failed to export all apps", "error", exportErr)
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "failed to export apps"},
+				http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		h.respondJSON(writer, request, bundle, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleAPIImportApps imports app configurations from a JSON request body via API.
+func (h *Handlers) HandleAPIImportApps() http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		request.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(writer, request.Body, importMaxBodyBytes)
+
+		var bundle app.BackupBundle
+
+		decodeErr := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&bundle)
+		if decodeErr != nil {
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "invalid request body"},
+				http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if bundle.Version != 1 {
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": fmt.Sprintf(
+					"unsupported backup version: %d", bundle.Version,
+				)},
+				http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if len(bundle.Apps) == 0 {
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "backup contains no apps"},
+				http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		imported, skipped, importErr := h.appService.ImportApps(
+			request.Context(), &bundle,
+		)
+		if importErr != nil {
+			h.log.Error("api: failed to import apps", "error", importErr)
+			h.respondJSON(writer, request,
+				map[string]string{"error": "import failed: " + importErr.Error()},
+				http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		h.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]any{
+			"imported": imported,
+			"skipped":  skipped,
+		}, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/handlers/backup_test.go
+++ b/internal/handlers/backup_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+package handlers_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/app"
+)
+
+// createTestAppWithConfig creates an app with env vars, labels, volumes, and ports.
+func createTestAppWithConfig(
+	t *testing.T,
+	tc *testContext,
+	name string,
+) *models.App {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	createdApp := createTestApp(t, tc, name)
+
+	// Add env vars
+	ev := models.NewEnvVar(tc.database)
+	ev.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	ev.Key = "DATABASE_URL"
+	ev.Value = "postgres://localhost/mydb"
+	require.NoError(t, ev.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	// Add label
+	label := models.NewLabel(tc.database)
+	label.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	label.Key = "traefik.enable"
+	label.Value = "true"
+	require.NoError(t, label.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	// Add volume
+	volume := models.NewVolume(tc.database)
+	volume.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	volume.HostPath = "/data/app"
+	volume.ContainerPath = "/app/data"
+	volume.ReadOnly = false
+	require.NoError(t, volume.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	// Add port
+	port := models.NewPort(tc.database)
+	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	port.HostPort = 8080
+	port.ContainerPort = 80
+	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
+	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	return createdApp
+}
+
+// createTestAppWithConfigPort creates an app with a custom host port.
+func createTestAppWithConfigPort(
+	t *testing.T,
+	tc *testContext,
+	name string,
+	hostPort int,
+) *models.App {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	createdApp := createTestApp(t, tc, name)
+
+	ev := models.NewEnvVar(tc.database)
+	ev.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	ev.Key = "DATABASE_URL"
+	ev.Value = "postgres://localhost/mydb"
+	require.NoError(t, ev.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	port := models.NewPort(tc.database)
+	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	port.HostPort = hostPort
+	port.ContainerPort = 80
+	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
+	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	return createdApp
+}
+
+func TestHandleExportApp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+	createdApp := createTestAppWithConfig(t, testCtx, "export-test-app")
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/export", nil)
+	request = addChiURLParams(request, map[string]string{"id": createdApp.ID})
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportApp()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Type"), "application/json")
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"), "attachment")
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"), "export-test-app")
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(recorder.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, bundle.ExportedAt)
+	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
+
+	appBackup := bundle.Apps[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "export-test-app", appBackup.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "main", appBackup.Branch)
+	assert.Len(t, appBackup.EnvVars, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "DATABASE_URL", appBackup.EnvVars[0].Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, "postgres://localhost/mydb", appBackup.EnvVars[0].Value)
+	assert.Len(t, appBackup.Labels, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "traefik.enable", appBackup.Labels[0].Key)
+	assert.Len(t, appBackup.Volumes, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "/data/app", appBackup.Volumes[0].HostPath)
+	assert.Len(t, appBackup.Ports, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 8080, appBackup.Ports[0].HostPort)
+}
+
+func TestHandleExportAppNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/apps/nonexistent/export", nil)
+	request = addChiURLParams(request, map[string]string{"id": "nonexistent"})
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportApp()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, recorder.Code)
+}
+
+func TestHandleExportAllApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+	createTestAppWithConfig(t, testCtx, "export-all-app1")
+	createTestAppWithConfigPort(t, testCtx, "export-all-app2", 8081)
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/export", nil)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportAllApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"), "upaas-backup-all")
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(recorder.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
+	assert.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 2)
+}
+
+func TestHandleExportAllAppsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/export", nil)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleExportAllApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(recorder.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
+
+	assert.Empty(t, bundle.Apps)
+}
+
+// createMultipartBackupRequest builds a multipart form request with backup JSON as a file upload.
+func createMultipartBackupRequest(
+	t *testing.T,
+	backupJSON string,
+) *http.Request {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
+
+	part, err := writer.CreateFormFile("backup_file", "backup.json")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = io.WriteString(part, backupJSON)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, writer.Close())
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/backup/import", &body)
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+
+	return request
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	backupJSON := `{
+		"version": 1,
+		"exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		"apps": [{
+			"name": "imported-app",
+			"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			"branch": "main",
+			"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
+			"envVars": [{"key": "FOO", "value": "bar"}],
+			"labels": [{"key": "app.name", "value": "test"}],
+			"volumes": [{"hostPath": "/data", "containerPath": "/app/data", "readOnly": true}],
+			"ports": [{"hostPort": 3000, "containerPort": 8080, "protocol": "tcp"}]
+		}]
+	}`
+
+	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	// Should redirect on success
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusSeeOther, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Location"), "success=")
+
+	// Verify the app was created
+	apps, err := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, apps, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "imported-app", apps[0].Name)
+
+	// Verify env vars
+	envVars, _ := apps[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, envVars, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "FOO", envVars[0].Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", envVars[0].Value)
+
+	// Verify labels
+	labels, _ := apps[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, labels, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "app.name", labels[0].Key)
+
+	// Verify volumes
+	volumes, _ := apps[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, volumes, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "/data", volumes[0].HostPath)
+	assert.True(t, volumes[0].ReadOnly)
+
+	// Verify ports
+	ports, _ := apps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, ports, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3000, ports[0].HostPort)
+	assert.Equal(t, 8080, ports[0].ContainerPort)
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportAppsSkipsDuplicateNames(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	// Create an existing app with same name
+	createTestApp(t, testCtx, "existing-app")
+
+	backupJSON := `{
+		"version": 1,
+		"exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		"apps": [
+			{
+				"name": "existing-app",
+				"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+				"branch": "main",
+				"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
+				"envVars": [],
+				"labels": [],
+				"volumes": [],
+				"ports": []
+			},
+			{
+				"name": "new-app",
+				"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/new.git",
+				"branch": "main",
+				"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
+				"envVars": [],
+				"labels": [],
+				"volumes": [],
+				"ports": []
+			}
+		]
+	}`
+
+	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusSeeOther, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Header().Get("Location"), "skipped")
+
+	// Should have 2 apps total (existing + new)
+	apps, err := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, apps, 2)
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportAppsInvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, "not valid json")
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	// Should render the page with error, not redirect
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "Invalid backup file")
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportAppsUnsupportedVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	backupJSON := `{"version": 99, "exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z", "apps": [{"name": "test"}]}`
+
+	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "Unsupported backup version")
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportAppsEmptyBundle(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	backupJSON := `{"version": 1, "exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z", "apps": []}`
+
+	request := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, backupJSON)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "contains no apps")
+}
+
+func TestHandleImportPage(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/import", nil)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := testCtx.handlers.HandleImportPage()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(recorder, request)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, recorder.Body.String(), "Import Backup")
+}
+
+func TestExportImportRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCtx := setupTestHandlers(t)
+	createTestAppWithConfig(t, testCtx, "roundtrip-app")
+
+	// Export
+	exportReq := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/backup/export", nil)
+	exportRec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	testCtx.handlers.HandleExportAllApps().ServeHTTP(exportRec, exportReq)
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, exportRec.Code)
+
+	exportedJSON := exportRec.Body.String()
+
+	// Delete the original app
+	apps, _ := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
+	for _, a := range apps {
+		require.NoError(t, a.Delete(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	// Import
+	importReq := createMultipartBackupRequest(t, exportedJSON)
+	importRec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	testCtx.handlers.HandleImportApps().ServeHTTP(importRec, importReq)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusSeeOther, importRec.Code)
+
+	// Verify the app was recreated with all config
+	restoredApps, _ := models.AllApps(context.Background(), testCtx.database)
+	require.Len(t, restoredApps, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "roundtrip-app", restoredApps[0].Name)
+
+	envVars, _ := restoredApps[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, envVars, 1)
+
+	labels, _ := restoredApps[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, labels, 1)
+
+	volumes, _ := restoredApps[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, volumes, 1)
+
+	ports, _ := restoredApps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, ports, 1)
+}
+
+// TestAPIExportApp tests the API endpoint for exporting a single app.
+func TestAPIExportApp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	createdApp, err := tc.appSvc.CreateApp(t.Context(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:    "api-export-app",
+		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rr := apiGet(t, tc, cookies, "/api/v1/apps/"+createdApp.ID+"/export")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
+	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "api-export-app", bundle.Apps[0].Name)
+}
+
+// TestAPIExportAppNotFound tests the API endpoint for a nonexistent app.
+func TestAPIExportAppNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	rr := apiGet(t, tc, cookies, "/api/v1/apps/nonexistent/export")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, rr.Code)
+}
+
+// TestAPIExportAllApps tests the API endpoint for exporting all apps.
+func TestAPIExportAllApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	_, err := tc.appSvc.CreateApp(t.Context(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:    "api-export-all-1",
+		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo1.git",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = tc.appSvc.CreateApp(t.Context(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:    "api-export-all-2",
+		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/repo2.git",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rr := apiGet(t, tc, cookies, "/api/v1/backup/export")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
+
+	var bundle app.BackupBundle
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &bundle))
+
+	assert.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 2)
+}
+
+// TestAPIImportApps tests the API import endpoint.
+func TestAPIImportApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	backupJSON := `{
+		"version": 1,
+		"exportedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		"apps": [{
+			"name": "api-imported-app",
+			"repoUrl": "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+			"branch": "main",
+			"dockerfilePath": "Dockerfile",
+			"envVars": [],
+			"labels": [],
+			"volumes": [],
+			"ports": []
+		}]
+	}`
+
+	r := apiRouter(tc)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/backup/import", strings.NewReader(backupJSON))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	for _, c := range cookies {
+		req.AddCookie(c)
+	}
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rr.Code)
+
+	var resp map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
+
+	imported, ok := resp["imported"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Len(t, imported, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "api-imported-app", imported[0])
+}
+
+// TestAPIImportAppsInvalidBody tests that the API rejects bad JSON.
+func TestAPIImportAppsInvalidBody(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	r := apiRouter(tc)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/backup/import", strings.NewReader("not json"))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	for _, c := range cookies {
+		req.AddCookie(c)
+	}
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rr.Code)
+}
+
+// TestAPIImportAppsUnsupportedVersion tests that the API rejects bad versions.
+func TestAPIImportAppsUnsupportedVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tc, cookies := setupAPITest(t)
+
+	r := apiRouter(tc)
+
+	body := `{"version": 42, "apps": [{"name": "x"}]}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/backup/import", strings.NewReader(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	for _, c := range cookies {
+		req.AddCookie(c)
+	}
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rr.Code)
+}
--- a/internal/server/routes.go
+++ b/internal/server/routes.go
@@ -98,6 +98,12 @@ func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
 			// Ports
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/ports", s.handlers.HandlePortAdd())
 			r.Post("/apps/{id}/ports/{portID}/delete", s.handlers.HandlePortDelete())
+
+			// Backup/Restore
+			r.Get("/apps/{id}/export", s.handlers.HandleExportApp())
+			r.Get("/backup/export", s.handlers.HandleExportAllApps())
+			r.Get("/backup/import", s.handlers.HandleImportPage())
+			r.Post("/backup/import", s.handlers.HandleImportApps())
 		})
 	})

@@ -115,6 +121,11 @@ func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
 			r.Get("/apps", s.handlers.HandleAPIListApps())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}", s.handlers.HandleAPIGetApp())
 			r.Get("/apps/{id}/deployments", s.handlers.HandleAPIListDeployments())
+
+			// Backup/Restore API
+			r.Get("/apps/{id}/export", s.handlers.HandleAPIExportApp())
+			r.Get("/backup/export", s.handlers.HandleAPIExportAllApps())
+			r.Post("/backup/import", s.handlers.HandleAPIImportApps())
 		})
 	})

--- a/internal/service/app/backup.go
+++ b/internal/service/app/backup.go
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
+)
+
+// BackupEnvVar represents an environment variable in a backup.
+type BackupEnvVar struct {
+	Key   string `json:"key"`
+	Value string `json:"value"`
+}
+
+// BackupLabel represents a Docker label in a backup.
+type BackupLabel struct {
+	Key   string `json:"key"`
+	Value string `json:"value"`
+}
+
+// BackupVolume represents a volume mount in a backup.
+type BackupVolume struct {
+	HostPath      string `json:"hostPath"`
+	ContainerPath string `json:"containerPath"`
+	ReadOnly      bool   `json:"readOnly"`
+}
+
+// BackupPort represents a port mapping in a backup.
+type BackupPort struct {
+	HostPort      int    `json:"hostPort"`
+	ContainerPort int    `json:"containerPort"`
+	Protocol      string `json:"protocol"`
+}
+
+// Backup represents the exported configuration of a single app.
+type Backup struct {
+	Name           string         `json:"name"`
+	RepoURL        string         `json:"repoUrl"`
+	Branch         string         `json:"branch"`
+	DockerfilePath string         `json:"dockerfilePath"`
+	DockerNetwork  string         `json:"dockerNetwork,omitempty"`
+	NtfyTopic      string         `json:"ntfyTopic,omitempty"`
+	SlackWebhook   string         `json:"slackWebhook,omitempty"`
+	EnvVars        []BackupEnvVar `json:"envVars"`
+	Labels         []BackupLabel  `json:"labels"`
+	Volumes        []BackupVolume `json:"volumes"`
+	Ports          []BackupPort   `json:"ports"`
+}
+
+// BackupBundle represents a complete backup of one or more apps.
+type BackupBundle struct {
+	Version    int      `json:"version"`
+	ExportedAt string   `json:"exportedAt"`
+	Apps       []Backup `json:"apps"`
+}
+
+// backupVersion is the current backup format version.
+const backupVersion = 1
+
+// ExportApp exports a single app's configuration as a BackupBundle.
+func (svc *Service) ExportApp(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	application *models.App,
+) (*BackupBundle, error) {
+	appBackup, err := svc.buildAppBackup(ctx, application)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &BackupBundle{
+		Version:    backupVersion,
+		ExportedAt: time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Apps:       []Backup{appBackup},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// ExportAllApps exports all app configurations as a BackupBundle.
+func (svc *Service) ExportAllApps(ctx context.Context) (*BackupBundle, error) {
+	apps, err := models.AllApps(ctx, svc.db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing apps for export: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	backups := make([]Backup, 0, len(apps))
+
+	for _, application := range apps {
+		appBackup, buildErr := svc.buildAppBackup(ctx, application)
+		if buildErr != nil {
+			return nil, buildErr
+		}
+
+		backups = append(backups, appBackup)
+	}
+
+	return &BackupBundle{
+		Version:    backupVersion,
+		ExportedAt: time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Apps:       backups,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// ImportApps imports app configurations from a BackupBundle.
+// It creates new apps (with fresh IDs, SSH keys, and webhook secrets)
+// and populates their env vars, labels, volumes, and ports.
+// Apps whose names conflict with existing apps are skipped and reported.
+func (svc *Service) ImportApps(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	bundle *BackupBundle,
+) ([]string, []string, error) {
+	// Build a set of existing app names for conflict detection
+	existingApps, listErr := models.AllApps(ctx, svc.db)
+	if listErr != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("listing existing apps: %w", listErr)
+	}
+
+	existingNames := make(map[string]bool, len(existingApps))
+	for _, a := range existingApps {
+		existingNames[a.Name] = true
+	}
+
+	var imported, skipped []string
+
+	for _, ab := range bundle.Apps {
+		if existingNames[ab.Name] {
+			skipped = append(skipped, ab.Name)
+
+			continue
+		}
+
+		importErr := svc.importSingleApp(ctx, ab)
+		if importErr != nil {
+			return imported, skipped, fmt.Errorf(
+				"importing app %q: %w", ab.Name, importErr,
+			)
+		}
+
+		imported = append(imported, ab.Name)
+	}
+
+	return imported, skipped, nil
+}
+
+// importSingleApp creates a single app from backup data.
+func (svc *Service) importSingleApp(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	ab Backup,
+) error {
+	createdApp, createErr := svc.CreateApp(ctx, CreateAppInput{
+		Name:           ab.Name,
+		RepoURL:        ab.RepoURL,
+		Branch:         ab.Branch,
+		DockerfilePath: ab.DockerfilePath,
+		DockerNetwork:  ab.DockerNetwork,
+		NtfyTopic:      ab.NtfyTopic,
+		SlackWebhook:   ab.SlackWebhook,
+	})
+	if createErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("creating app: %w", createErr)
+	}
+
+	envErr := svc.importEnvVars(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.EnvVars)
+	if envErr != nil {
+		return envErr
+	}
+
+	labelErr := svc.importLabels(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.Labels)
+	if labelErr != nil {
+		return labelErr
+	}
+
+	volErr := svc.importVolumes(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.Volumes)
+	if volErr != nil {
+		return volErr
+	}
+
+	portErr := svc.importPorts(ctx, createdApp.ID, ab.Ports)
+	if portErr != nil {
+		return portErr
+	}
+
+	svc.log.Info("app imported from backup",
+		"id", createdApp.ID, "name", createdApp.Name)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// importEnvVars adds env vars from backup to an app.
+func (svc *Service) importEnvVars(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	appID string,
+	envVars []BackupEnvVar,
+) error {
+	for _, ev := range envVars {
+		addErr := svc.AddEnvVar(ctx, appID, ev.Key, ev.Value)
+		if addErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("adding env var %q: %w", ev.Key, addErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// importLabels adds labels from backup to an app.
+func (svc *Service) importLabels(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	appID string,
+	labels []BackupLabel,
+) error {
+	for _, l := range labels {
+		addErr := svc.AddLabel(ctx, appID, l.Key, l.Value)
+		if addErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("adding label %q: %w", l.Key, addErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// importVolumes adds volumes from backup to an app.
+func (svc *Service) importVolumes(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	appID string,
+	volumes []BackupVolume,
+) error {
+	for _, v := range volumes {
+		addErr := svc.AddVolume(ctx, appID, v.HostPath, v.ContainerPath, v.ReadOnly)
+		if addErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("adding volume %q: %w", v.ContainerPath, addErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// importPorts adds ports from backup to an app.
+func (svc *Service) importPorts(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	appID string,
+	ports []BackupPort,
+) error {
+	for _, p := range ports {
+		port := models.NewPort(svc.db)
+		port.AppID = appID
+		port.HostPort = p.HostPort
+		port.ContainerPort = p.ContainerPort
+		port.Protocol = models.PortProtocol(p.Protocol)
+
+		if port.Protocol == "" {
+			port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
+		}
+
+		saveErr := port.Save(ctx)
+		if saveErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("adding port %d: %w", p.HostPort, saveErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// buildAppBackup collects all configuration for a single app into a Backup.
+func (svc *Service) buildAppBackup(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	application *models.App,
+) (Backup, error) {
+	envVars, labels, volumes, ports, err := svc.fetchAppResources(ctx, application)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Backup{}, err
+	}
+
+	backup := Backup{
+		Name:           application.Name,
+		RepoURL:        application.RepoURL,
+		Branch:         application.Branch,
+		DockerfilePath: application.DockerfilePath,
+		EnvVars:        convertEnvVars(envVars),
+		Labels:         convertLabels(labels),
+		Volumes:        convertVolumes(volumes),
+		Ports:          convertPorts(ports),
+	}
+
+	if application.DockerNetwork.Valid {
+		backup.DockerNetwork = application.DockerNetwork.String
+	}
+
+	if application.NtfyTopic.Valid {
+		backup.NtfyTopic = application.NtfyTopic.String
+	}
+
+	if application.SlackWebhook.Valid {
+		backup.SlackWebhook = application.SlackWebhook.String
+	}
+
+	return backup, nil
+}
+
+// fetchAppResources retrieves all sub-resources for an app.
+func (svc *Service) fetchAppResources(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	application *models.App,
+) ([]*models.EnvVar, []*models.Label, []*models.Volume, []*models.Port, error) {
+	envVars, err := application.GetEnvVars(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"getting env vars for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
+		)
+	}
+
+	labels, err := application.GetLabels(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"getting labels for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
+		)
+	}
+
+	volumes, err := application.GetVolumes(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"getting volumes for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
+		)
+	}
+
+	ports, err := application.GetPorts(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"getting ports for %q: %w", application.Name, err,
+		)
+	}
+
+	return envVars, labels, volumes, ports, nil
+}
+
+// convertEnvVars converts model env vars to backup format.
+func convertEnvVars(envVars []*models.EnvVar) []BackupEnvVar {
+	result := make([]BackupEnvVar, 0, len(envVars))
+
+	for _, ev := range envVars {
+		result = append(result, BackupEnvVar{
+			Key:   ev.Key,
+			Value: ev.Value,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+// convertLabels converts model labels to backup format.
+func convertLabels(labels []*models.Label) []BackupLabel {
+	result := make([]BackupLabel, 0, len(labels))
+
+	for _, l := range labels {
+		result = append(result, BackupLabel{
+			Key:   l.Key,
+			Value: l.Value,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+// convertVolumes converts model volumes to backup format.
+func convertVolumes(volumes []*models.Volume) []BackupVolume {
+	result := make([]BackupVolume, 0, len(volumes))
+
+	for _, v := range volumes {
+		result = append(result, BackupVolume{
+			HostPath:      v.HostPath,
+			ContainerPath: v.ContainerPath,
+			ReadOnly:      v.ReadOnly,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+// convertPorts converts model ports to backup format.
+func convertPorts(ports []*models.Port) []BackupPort {
+	result := make([]BackupPort, 0, len(ports))
+
+	for _, p := range ports {
+		result = append(result, BackupPort{
+			HostPort:      p.HostPort,
+			ContainerPort: p.ContainerPort,
+			Protocol:      string(p.Protocol),
+		})
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
--- a/internal/service/app/backup_test.go
+++ b/internal/service/app/backup_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+package app_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/fx"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/config"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/database"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/globals"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/logger"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/models"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/upaas/internal/service/app"
+)
+
+// backupTestContext bundles test dependencies for backup tests.
+type backupTestContext struct {
+	svc *app.Service
+	db  *database.Database
+}
+
+func setupBackupTest(t *testing.T) *backupTestContext {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	globals.SetAppname("upaas-test")
+	globals.SetVersion("test")
+
+	globalsInst, err := globals.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	loggerInst, err := logger.New(
+		fx.Lifecycle(nil),
+		logger.Params{Globals: globalsInst},
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Port:          8080,
+		DataDir:       tmpDir,
+		SessionSecret: "test-secret-key-at-least-32-chars",
+	}
+
+	dbInst, err := database.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil), database.Params{
+		Logger: loggerInst,
+		Config: cfg,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	svc, err := app.New(fx.Lifecycle(nil), app.ServiceParams{
+		Logger:   loggerInst,
+		Database: dbInst,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return &backupTestContext{svc: svc, db: dbInst}
+}
+
+// createAppWithFullConfig creates an app with env vars, labels, volumes, and ports.
+func createAppWithFullConfig(
+	t *testing.T,
+	btc *backupTestContext,
+	name string,
+) *models.App {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	createdApp, err := btc.svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:          name,
+		RepoURL:       "git@example.com:user/" + name + ".git",
+		Branch:        "develop",
+		NtfyTopic:     "https://ntfy.sh/" + name,
+		DockerNetwork: "test-network",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddEnvVar(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "DB_HOST", "localhost",
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddEnvVar(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "DB_PORT", "5432",
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddLabel(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "traefik.enable", "true",
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddVolume(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "/data", "/app/data", false,
+	))
+
+	port := models.NewPort(btc.db)
+	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	port.HostPort = 9090
+	port.ContainerPort = 8080
+	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
+	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	return createdApp
+}
+
+// createAppWithConfigPort creates an app like createAppWithFullConfig but with
+// a custom host port to avoid UNIQUE constraint collisions.
+func createAppWithConfigPort(
+	t *testing.T,
+	btc *backupTestContext,
+	name string,
+	hostPort int,
+) *models.App {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	createdApp, err := btc.svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:          name,
+		RepoURL:       "git@example.com:user/" + name + ".git",
+		Branch:        "develop",
+		NtfyTopic:     "https://ntfy.sh/" + name,
+		DockerNetwork: "test-network",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddEnvVar(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "DB_HOST", "localhost",
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddLabel(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "traefik.enable", "true",
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, btc.svc.AddVolume(
+		context.Background(), createdApp.ID, "/data2", "/app/data2", false,
+	))
+
+	port := models.NewPort(btc.db)
+	port.AppID = createdApp.ID
+	port.HostPort = hostPort
+	port.ContainerPort = 8080
+	port.Protocol = models.PortProtocolTCP
+	require.NoError(t, port.Save(context.Background()))
+
+	return createdApp
+}
+
+func TestExportApp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+	createdApp := createAppWithFullConfig(t, btc, "export-svc-test")
+
+	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportApp(context.Background(), createdApp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, bundle.ExportedAt)
+	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
+
+	ab := bundle.Apps[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "export-svc-test", ab.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "develop", ab.Branch)
+	assert.Equal(t, "test-network", ab.DockerNetwork)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://ntfy.sh/export-svc-test", ab.NtfyTopic)
+	assert.Len(t, ab.EnvVars, 2)
+	assert.Len(t, ab.Labels, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, ab.Volumes, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, ab.Ports, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 9090, ab.Ports[0].HostPort)
+	assert.Equal(t, 8080, ab.Ports[0].ContainerPort)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tcp", ab.Ports[0].Protocol)
+}
+
+func TestExportAllApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+	createAppWithFullConfig(t, btc, "export-all-1")
+	createAppWithConfigPort(t, btc, "export-all-2", 9091)
+
+	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportAllApps(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, bundle.Version)
+	assert.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 2)
+}
+
+func TestExportAllAppsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+
+	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportAllApps(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, bundle.Apps)
+}
+
+func TestImportApps(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+
+	bundle := &app.BackupBundle{
+		Version:    1,
+		ExportedAt: "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		Apps: []app.Backup{
+			{
+				Name:           "imported-test",
+				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/imported.git",
+				Branch:         "main",
+				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
+				DockerNetwork:  "my-network",
+				EnvVars: []app.BackupEnvVar{
+					{Key: "FOO", Value: "bar"},
+				},
+				Labels: []app.BackupLabel{
+					{Key: "app", Value: "test"},
+				},
+				Volumes: []app.BackupVolume{
+					{HostPath: "/host", ContainerPath: "/container", ReadOnly: true},
+				},
+				Ports: []app.BackupPort{
+					{HostPort: 3000, ContainerPort: 8080, Protocol: "tcp"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	imported, skipped, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"imported-test"}, imported)
+	assert.Empty(t, skipped)
+
+	// Verify the app was created
+	apps, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, apps, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "imported-test", apps[0].Name)
+	assert.True(t, apps[0].DockerNetwork.Valid)
+	assert.Equal(t, "my-network", apps[0].DockerNetwork.String)
+
+	// Has fresh secrets
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, apps[0].WebhookSecret)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, apps[0].SSHPublicKey)
+
+	// Verify sub-resources
+	envVars, _ := apps[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, envVars, 1)
+
+	labels, _ := apps[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, labels, 1)
+
+	volumes, _ := apps[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, volumes, 1)
+	assert.True(t, volumes[0].ReadOnly)
+
+	ports, _ := apps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, ports, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3000, ports[0].HostPort)
+}
+
+func TestImportAppsSkipsDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+
+	// Create existing app
+	_, err := btc.svc.CreateApp(context.Background(), app.CreateAppInput{
+		Name:    "existing",
+		RepoURL: "git@example.com:user/existing.git",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	bundle := &app.BackupBundle{
+		Version:    1,
+		ExportedAt: "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		Apps: []app.Backup{
+			{
+				Name:           "existing",
+				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/existing.git",
+				Branch:         "main",
+				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
+				EnvVars:        []app.BackupEnvVar{},
+				Labels:         []app.BackupLabel{},
+				Volumes:        []app.BackupVolume{},
+				Ports:          []app.BackupPort{},
+			},
+			{
+				Name:           "brand-new",
+				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/new.git",
+				Branch:         "main",
+				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
+				EnvVars:        []app.BackupEnvVar{},
+				Labels:         []app.BackupLabel{},
+				Volumes:        []app.BackupVolume{},
+				Ports:          []app.BackupPort{},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	imported, skipped, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"brand-new"}, imported)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"existing"}, skipped)
+}
+
+func TestImportAppsPortDefaultProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+
+	bundle := &app.BackupBundle{
+		Version:    1,
+		ExportedAt: "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		Apps: []app.Backup{
+			{
+				Name:           "port-default-test",
+				RepoURL:        "git@example.com:user/repo.git",
+				Branch:         "main",
+				DockerfilePath: "Dockerfile",
+				EnvVars:        []app.BackupEnvVar{},
+				Labels:         []app.BackupLabel{},
+				Volumes:        []app.BackupVolume{},
+				Ports: []app.BackupPort{
+					{HostPort: 80, ContainerPort: 80, Protocol: ""},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	imported, _, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, imported, 1)
+
+	apps, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
+	ports, _ := apps[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, ports, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, models.PortProtocolTCP, ports[0].Protocol)
+}
+
+func TestExportImportRoundTripService(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	btc := setupBackupTest(t)
+	createAppWithFullConfig(t, btc, "roundtrip-svc")
+
+	// Export
+	bundle, err := btc.svc.ExportAllApps(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, bundle.Apps, 1)
+
+	// Delete original
+	apps, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
+	for _, a := range apps {
+		require.NoError(t, btc.svc.DeleteApp(context.Background(), a))
+	}
+
+	// Import
+	imported, skipped, err := btc.svc.ImportApps(context.Background(), bundle)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, imported, 1)
+	assert.Empty(t, skipped)
+
+	// Verify round-trip fidelity
+	restored, _ := btc.svc.ListApps(context.Background())
+	require.Len(t, restored, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "roundtrip-svc", restored[0].Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "develop", restored[0].Branch)
+	assert.Equal(t, "test-network", restored[0].DockerNetwork.String)
+
+	envVars, _ := restored[0].GetEnvVars(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, envVars, 2)
+
+	labels, _ := restored[0].GetLabels(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, labels, 1)
+
+	volumes, _ := restored[0].GetVolumes(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, volumes, 1)
+
+	ports, _ := restored[0].GetPorts(context.Background())
+	assert.Len(t, ports, 1)
+}
--- a/templates/app_detail.html
+++ b/templates/app_detail.html
@@ -432,6 +432,18 @@
        </div>
    </div>

+    <!-- Backup -->
+    <div class="card p-6 mb-6">
+        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Backup</h2>
+        <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-3">Export this app's configuration (settings, env vars, labels, volumes, ports) as a JSON file for backup or migration.</p>
+        <a href="/apps/{{.App.ID}}/export" class="btn-secondary">
+            <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1 inline" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 16v1a3 3 0 003 3h10a3 3 0 003-3v-1m-4-4l-4 4m0 0l-4-4m4 4V4"/>
+            </svg>
+            Export Config
+        </a>
+    </div>
+
    <!-- Danger Zone -->
    <div class="card border-2 border-error-500/20 bg-error-50/50 p-6">
        <h2 class="text-lg font-medium text-error-700 mb-4">Danger Zone</h2>
--- a/templates/backup_import.html
+++ b/templates/backup_import.html
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+{{template "base" .}}
+
+{{define "title"}}Import Backup - µPaaS{{end}}
+
+{{define "content"}}
+{{template "nav" .}}
+
+<main class="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-4 py-8">
+    <div class="mb-6">
+        <a href="/" class="text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-800 inline-flex items-center">
+            <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M15 19l-7-7 7-7"/>
+            </svg>
+            Back to Dashboard
+        </a>
+    </div>
+
+    {{template "alert-success" .}}
+    {{template "alert-error" .}}
+
+    <h1 class="text-2xl font-medium text-gray-900 mb-6">Import Backup</h1>
+
+    <div class="card p-6 mb-6">
+        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Restore from Backup File</h2>
+        <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4">
+            Upload a previously exported µPaaS backup file (JSON) to restore app configurations.
+            New apps will be created with fresh SSH keys and webhook secrets.
+            Apps whose names already exist will be skipped.
+        </p>
+        <form method="POST" action="/backup/import" enctype="multipart/form-data">
+            {{ .CSRFField }}
+            <div class="mb-4">
+                <label for="backup_file" class="form-label">Backup File</label>
+                <input type="file" id="backup_file" name="backup_file" accept=".json,application/json"
+                    class="block w-full text-sm text-gray-500
+                    file:mr-4 file:py-2 file:px-4
+                    file:rounded file:border-0
+                    file:text-sm file:font-medium
+                    file:bg-primary-50 file:text-primary-700
+                    hover:file:bg-primary-100
+                    cursor-pointer">
+            </div>
+            <button type="submit" class="btn-primary">Import</button>
+        </form>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="card p-6">
+        <h2 class="section-title mb-4">Export All Apps</h2>
+        <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4">
+            Download a backup of all app configurations. This includes app settings,
+            environment variables, labels, volumes, and port mappings.
+            Secrets (SSH keys, webhook tokens) are not included — they are regenerated on import.
+        </p>
+        <a href="/backup/export" class="btn-secondary">
+            <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1 inline" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 16v1a3 3 0 003 3h10a3 3 0 003-3v-1m-4-4l-4 4m0 0l-4-4m4 4V4"/>
+            </svg>
+            Export All Apps
+        </a>
+    </div>
+</main>
+{{end}}
--- a/templates/dashboard.html
+++ b/templates/dashboard.html
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@

    <div class="section-header">
        <h1 class="text-2xl font-medium text-gray-900">Applications</h1>
+        <div class="flex gap-3">
+            <a href="/backup/import" class="btn-secondary">
+                <svg class="w-4 h-4 mr-1 inline" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+                    <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 16v1a3 3 0 003 3h10a3 3 0 003-3v-1m-4-8l-4-4m0 0L8 8m4-4v12"/>
+                </svg>
+                Backup / Restore
+            </a>
            <a href="/apps/new" class="btn-primary">
                <svg class="w-5 h-5 mr-1" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                    <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M12 4v16m8-8H4"/>
@@ -18,6 +25,7 @@
                New App
            </a>
        </div>
+    </div>

    {{if .AppStats}}
    <div class="card overflow-hidden">
--- a/templates/templates.go
+++ b/templates/templates.go
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ func initTemplates() {
 		"app_edit.html",
 		"deployments.html",
 		"webhook_events.html",
+		"backup_import.html",
 	}

 	pageTemplates = make(map[string]*template.Template)