Run all linting in Docker via Dockerfile.lint (closes #188)

Per the owner ruling, linting now runs only inside Docker with the
pinned golangci-lint (v2.12.2). A root Dockerfile.lint runs the linter as
a build step; script/lint just builds it. A GATE_RUN build arg forces the
lint layer to execute every run so a cached build cannot report a false
clean. script/bootstrap no longer installs golangci-lint (the goimports
install stays). The main Dockerfile lint stage calls golangci-lint
directly (no docker-in-docker) and still gates the build. config verify is
omitted because it fetches its schema over an unpinned HTTPS call.

Model: opus-4-8

Dockerfile

@@ -8,8 +8,12 @@ RUN go mod download
 
 COPY . .
 
+# golangci-lint is invoked directly here, not via `make lint`: script/lint
+# now runs the linter by building Dockerfile.lint, and shelling out to
+# `docker build` from inside this image build would be docker-in-docker.
+# This image is golangci/golangci-lint, so the pinned linter is on PATH.
 RUN make fmt-check
-RUN make lint
+RUN golangci-lint run --config .golangci.yml ./...
 
 # Build stage — tests and compilation
 # golang:1.25-alpine