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The old README opened with project history and one list of a hundred settings. The new one leads with what smallwebwaf is, what it protects against, how to build and deploy it, what happens to a request, the settings most deployments touch, how to check it works, the entrypoints, the rationale and the design, as REPO_POLICIES.md requires. The reference lists, every setting, the rule file format, the endpoints, the request log's fields, the alert events, the metrics, the state files, the image and the gitea notes, move to files under docs/, each linked from the README, with SPEC.md as the one place for behaviour. Every statement was checked against the code on next. Model: fable-5-1
128 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
128 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
# Alerts
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The alert events, the JSON object the webhook gets, and the messages Slack and
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ntfy get. "Alerting" in [`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md) says when an alert is sent, held
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back or dropped.
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## Events
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- `ban`: a ban `smallwebwaf` made.
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- `permanent_ban`: a permanent ban it made, or an existing ban made permanent by
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a request.
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- `waf_block`: the Core Rule Set scored a request at or over the threshold. The
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request was refused unless the alert's `detail` gives `mode`: `detect` or
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`observe`.
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- `anomaly`: a count over an anomaly threshold.
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- `reputation_hit`: a request from a client on a blocklist, the CrowdSec
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decision list or a DNS blocklist, or with an AbuseIPDB score that is a hit.
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One alert per source.
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- `source_failure`: one of:
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- GeoJS failing;
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- a list that cannot be fetched;
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- a DNS blocklist or AbuseIPDB failing or refusing a query;
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- the day's AbuseIPDB checks used up.
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- `file_error`: one of:
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- a rule file or state file edit with an error;
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- a state file that cannot be written;
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- a replacement lookup database that cannot be read.
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- `summary`: the hourly summary of alerts held back.
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## The JSON object
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This is the alert for a ban for a broken rate limit, shown indented; it is sent
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on one line:
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```json
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{
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"instance": "fsn1app1/gitea",
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"time": "2026-10-06T12:00:00.123461Z",
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"event": "ban",
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"client": "203.0.113.9",
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"netblock": "203.0.113.9/32",
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"asn": "",
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"as_name": "",
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"country": "",
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"reason": "requests per minute over the limit of 1000",
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"detail": {
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"ban_expires": "2026-10-06T13:00:00.123Z",
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"cause": "limit",
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"notes": {
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"asn": "",
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"as_name": "",
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"country": "",
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"kind": "requests",
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"limit": 1000,
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"window": "minute",
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"count": 1001,
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"request": {
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"time": "2026-10-06T12:00:00.123456789Z",
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"method": "GET",
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"host": "app.example",
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"path": "/owner/repo/commits/branch/main?page=812",
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"status": 403,
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"user_agent": "scraper/1.0"
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},
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"requests": 5210,
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"refused": 0,
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"earlier_bans": {
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"limit": 0,
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"attack": 0,
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"admin": 0,
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"crowdsec": 0
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}
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}
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},
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"suppressed_repeats": 0
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}
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```
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- `instance`: `SWWAF_INSTANCE_NAME`. `time`: when the alert was raised. `event`:
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one of the events above.
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- `client`: the address whose request raised the alert. `netblock`: the ban's
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netblock, the netblock an anomaly counted, or, for the other events, the
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client as rate limiting counts it: an IPv4 address as a /32, or an IPv6 group.
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Both are empty for `source_failure` and `file_error`.
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- `asn`, `as_name` and `country`: the client's as known when the alert was
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raised. They are empty when GeoJS had not answered yet.
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- `reason`: a short sentence, such as
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`requests per minute over the limit of 1000` or `listed by a blocklist`.
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- `detail`: what is particular to the event:
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- for a ban, its `cause`, `ban_expires` and `notes` (the notes are listed
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under `bans.json` in [`state-files.md`](state-files.md));
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- for an anomaly, the `scope`, `window`, `kind`, `count` and `threshold`;
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- for a reputation hit, the `source` and, for AbuseIPDB, the `score`;
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- for a Core Rule Set match, the `rule_ids`, `score`, `method` and `path`;
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- for a source failure, the `source` and `error`;
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- for a file error, the `file` and `error`;
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- `mode`, when the request was not refused: `detect` or `observe`.
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- `suppressed_repeats`: how many repeats the cooldown held back before this
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alert.
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## Slack and ntfy
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Slack and ntfy get a message with a title and a text. The title is the instance
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and the event, such as `fsn1app1/gitea: ban`. The text is the `reason`, then one
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line for each of these that the alert has:
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- the client, the netblock and the country;
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- the file, the source, the error and the mode from `detail`;
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- the suppressed repeats, if any.
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Slack gets the title in bold and the text below it, with `&`, `<` and `>`
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escaped. ntfy gets the text as the message, with these headers:
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- `Title`: the title;
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- `Authorization`: the token, as `Bearer <token>`, while
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`SWWAF_ALERT_NTFY_TOKEN` is set;
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- `Priority` and `Tags`: by event, as listed below.
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The priority and tag by event:
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- `ban`: priority `default`, tag `no_entry`.
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- `permanent_ban`: priority `high`, tag `no_entry`.
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- `waf_block`: priority `default`, tag `shield`.
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- `anomaly`: priority `high`, tag `chart_with_upwards_trend`.
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- `reputation_hit`: priority `low`, tag `label`.
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- `source_failure` and `file_error`: priority `high`, tag `warning`.
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- `summary`: priority `default`, tag `bar_chart`.
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