Stop the earlier poll loop on a second /connect (closes #228 )

A second /connect started a new poll loop without stopping the first. The first loop then polled with the new client too, so each message could be shown twice. It also read stopPoll without a.mu while cmdConnect wrote it. cmdConnect now closes the earlier loop's channel in the same locked step that replaces the client and the cursor, and hands the new channel to the new loop. The loop checks its channel under a.mu before each poll and again before it moves the cursor, so a stopped loop never polls with the new client or moves the new cursor. Model: opus-5-5
2026-11-02 02:59:15 +00:00
42 changed files with 465 additions and 1542 deletions
@@ -643,10 +643,8 @@ Send a message to a channel or user. This is the primary messaging command.
  message echoed back via the queue).
 - If `to` is a bare nick, the message is a DM. The server fans out to the
  recipient and the sender (so all of the sender's clients see the DM).
- A `body` that is not an array of strings, or a `meta` that is not an object,
-  gets HTTP 400 `invalid request body`, and nothing is relayed. A missing or
-  empty `body` gets ERR_NOTEXTTOSEND (412). A missing `to` gets ERR_NORECIPIENT
-  (411).
+- `body` must be a non-empty array of strings; otherwise the server sends
+  ERR_NOTEXTTOSEND (412). A missing `to` gets ERR_NORECIPIENT (411).
 - Only channel members can send to a channel. A non-member, a banned user, and
  on a `+m` channel a user with neither `+o` nor `+v`, get ERR_CANNOTSENDTOCHAN
  (404).
@@ -1238,7 +1236,7 @@ IRC listener sends the usual 3-digit code. Over the HTTP API, 005 arrives named
 | `001` | RPL_WELCOME          | After session creation or login, on MOTD | `{"command":"RPL_WELCOME","code":1,"to":"alice","body":["Welcome to the network, alice"]}`                                                                                                                   |
 | `002` | RPL_YOURHOST         | After session creation or login, on MOTD | `{"command":"RPL_YOURHOST","code":2,"to":"alice","body":["Your host is neoirc, running version 0.1"]}`                                                                                                       |
 | `003` | RPL_CREATED          | After session creation or login, on MOTD | `{"command":"RPL_CREATED","code":3,"to":"alice","body":["This server was created 2026-02-10"]}`                                                                                                              |
-| `004` | RPL_MYINFO           | After session creation or login, on MOTD | `{"command":"RPL_MYINFO","code":4,"to":"alice","params":["neoirc","0.1","ow","Hbiklmnostv"]}`                                                                                                                |
+| `004` | RPL_MYINFO           | After session creation or login, on MOTD | `{"command":"RPL_MYINFO","code":4,"to":"alice","params":["neoirc","0.1","","ikmnostl"]}`                                                                                                                     |
 | `005` | RPL_ISUPPORT         | After session creation or login, on MOTD | `{"command":"RPL_BOUNCE","code":5,"to":"alice","params":["CHANTYPES=#","NICKLEN=32","PREFIX=(ov)@+","CHANMODES=b,k,Hl,imnst","NETWORK=neoirc","CASEMAPPING=ascii"],"body":["are supported by this server"]}` |
 | `221` | RPL_UMODEIS          | In response to user MODE                 | `{"command":"RPL_UMODEIS","code":221,"to":"alice","body":["+"]}`                                                                                                                                             |
 | `251` | RPL_LUSERCLIENT      | On connect, MOTD or LUSERS               | `{"command":"RPL_LUSERCLIENT","code":251,"to":"alice","body":["There are 5 users and 0 invisible on 1 servers"]}`                                                                                            |
@@ -1751,18 +1749,17 @@ command). **Numeric replies**, for success and for errors, are delivered through
 the message queue (see [Numeric Reply Codes](#numeric-reply-codes-s2c-only)); a
 command that has none, such as a successful `PRIVMSG`, is answered by the HTTP
 response alone, and `PING`'s `PONG` is the HTTP response body. HTTP error codes
-(4xx/5xx) are reserved for transport-level problems: a malformed request (400),
+(4xx/5xx) are reserved for transport-level problems: malformed JSON (400),
 missing/invalid auth cookies (401), and server errors (500).

 **HTTP errors (transport-level only):**

-| Status | Error                  | When                                                                                              |
-| ------ | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| 400    | `invalid request body` | Malformed JSON, or a body over `MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE` bytes                                           |
-| 400    | `invalid request body` | A `PRIVMSG` or `NOTICE` whose `body` is not an array of strings, or whose `meta` is not an object |
-| 400    | `command required`     | Empty command                                                                                     |
-| 401    | `not registered`       | Missing or invalid auth cookie                                                                    |
-| 500    | `internal error`       | Server-side failure                                                                               |
+| Status | Error                  | When                                                    |
+| ------ | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| 400    | `invalid request body` | Malformed JSON, or a body over `MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE` bytes |
+| 400    | `command required`     | Empty command                                           |
+| 401    | `not registered`       | Missing or invalid auth cookie                          |
+| 500    | `internal error`       | Server-side failure                                     |

 **IRC numeric error replies (delivered via message queue):**

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func (a *App) handleInput(text string) {
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]Send error: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]Send error: " + err.Error(),
 		)
 	}
 }
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ func (a *App) dispatchInfoCommand(cmd, args string) {
 		a.cmdWhois(args)
 	default:
 		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]Unknown command: " + escape(cmd),
+			"[red]Unknown command: " + cmd,
 		)
 	}
 }
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdConnect(serverURL string) {

 	serverURL = strings.TrimRight(serverURL, "/")

-	a.ui.AddStatus("Connecting to " + escape(serverURL) + "...")
+	a.ui.AddStatus("Connecting to " + serverURL + "...")

 	a.mu.Lock()
 	nick := a.nick
@@ -192,9 +192,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdConnect(serverURL string) {

 	resp, err := client.CreateSession(nick)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]Connection failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
-		)
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[red]Connection failed: %v", err,
+		))

 		return
 	}
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdConnect(serverURL string) {

 	a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[green]Connected! Nick: %s, Session: %d",
-		escape(resp.Nick), resp.ID,
+		resp.Nick, resp.ID,
 	))
 	a.ui.SetStatus(resp.Nick, "", "connected")

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdNick(nick string) {
 		a.mu.Unlock()

 		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"Nick set to " + escape(nick) +
+			"Nick set to " + nick +
 				" (will be used on connect)",
 		)

@@ -256,9 +256,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdNick(nick string) {
 		Body:    []string{nick},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]Nick change failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
-		)
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[red]Nick change failed: %v", err,
+		))

 		return
 	}
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdNick(nick string) {
 	a.mu.Unlock()

 	a.ui.SetStatus(nick, target, "connected")
-	a.ui.AddStatus("Nick changed to " + escape(nick))
+	a.ui.AddStatus("Nick changed to " + nick)
 }

 func (a *App) cmdJoin(channel string) {
@@ -297,9 +297,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdJoin(channel string) {

 	err := a.client.JoinChannel(channel)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]Join failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
-		)
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[red]Join failed: %v", err,
+		))

 		return
 	}
@@ -337,9 +337,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdPart(channel string) {

 	err := a.client.PartChannel(channel)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]Part failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
-		)
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[red]Part failed: %v", err,
+		))

 		return
 	}
@@ -384,9 +384,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdMsg(args string) {
 		Body:    []string{text},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]Send failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
-		)
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[red]Send failed: %v", err,
+		))
 	}
 }

@@ -402,16 +402,10 @@ func (a *App) cmdQuery(nick string) {
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	a.target = nick
 	myNick := a.nick
-	connected := a.connected
 	a.mu.Unlock()

-	connStatus := "disconnected"
-	if connected {
-		connStatus = "connected"
-	}
-
 	a.ui.SwitchToBuffer(nick)
-	a.ui.SetStatus(myNick, nick, connStatus)
+	a.ui.SetStatus(myNick, nick, "connected")
 }

 func (a *App) cmdTopic(args string) {
@@ -445,9 +439,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdTopic(args string) {
 		Body:    []string{args},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]Topic set failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
-		)
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[red]Topic set failed: %v", err,
+		))
 	}
 }

@@ -471,9 +465,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdNames() {

 	members, err := a.client.GetMembers(target)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]Names failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
-		)
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[red]Names failed: %v", err,
+		))

 		return
 	}
@@ -486,7 +480,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdNames() {

 	a.ui.AddLine(target, fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[cyan]*** Members of %s: %s",
-		escape(target), escape(strings.Join(nicks, " ")),
+		target, strings.Join(nicks, " "),
 	))
 }

@@ -517,9 +511,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdList() {

 	channels, err := a.client.ListChannels()
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]List failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
-		)
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[red]List failed: %v", err,
+		))

 		return
 	}
@@ -528,7 +522,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdList() {

 	for _, ch := range channels {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"  %s %s", escape(ch.Name), escape(ch.Topic),
+			"  %s %s", ch.Name, ch.Topic,
 		))
 	}

@@ -550,9 +544,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdMotd() {
 		&api.Message{Command: irc.CmdMotd}, //nolint:exhaustruct
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]MOTD failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
-		)
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[red]MOTD failed: %v", err,
+		))
 	}
 }

@@ -588,9 +582,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdWho(args string) {
 		},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]WHO failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
-		)
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[red]WHO failed: %v", err,
+		))
 	}
 }

@@ -619,9 +613,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdWhois(args string) {
 		},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]WHOIS failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
-		)
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[red]WHOIS failed: %v", err,
+		))
 	}
 }

@@ -824,7 +818,7 @@ func (a *App) handlePrivmsgEvent(

 	a.ui.AddLine(target, fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [green]<%s>[white] %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(text),
+		timestamp, msg.From, text,
 	))
 }

@@ -837,7 +831,7 @@ func (a *App) handleJoinEvent(

 	a.ui.AddLine(msg.To, fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s has joined %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(msg.To),
+		timestamp, msg.From, msg.To,
 	))
 }

@@ -856,11 +850,11 @@ func (a *App) handlePartEvent(

 	line := fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s has left %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(msg.To),
+		timestamp, msg.From, msg.To,
 	)

 	if reason != "" {
-		line += " (" + escape(reason) + ")"
+		line += " (" + reason + ")"
 	}

 	if msg.From == myNick {
@@ -881,12 +875,12 @@ func (a *App) handleQuitEvent(
 	if reason != "" {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
 			"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s has quit (%s)",
-			timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(reason),
+			timestamp, msg.From, reason,
 		))
 	} else {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
 			"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s has quit",
-			timestamp, escape(msg.From),
+			timestamp, msg.From,
 		))
 	}
 }
@@ -913,7 +907,7 @@ func (a *App) handleNickEvent(

 	a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s is now known as %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(newNick),
+		timestamp, msg.From, newNick,
 	))
 }

@@ -925,7 +919,7 @@ func (a *App) handleNoticeEvent(

 	a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [magenta]--%s-- %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(text),
+		timestamp, msg.From, text,
 	))
 }

@@ -941,7 +935,7 @@ func (a *App) handleTopicEvent(

 	a.ui.AddLine(msg.To, fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [cyan]*** %s set topic: %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(text),
+		timestamp, msg.From, text,
 	))
 }

@@ -951,12 +945,10 @@ func (a *App) handleDefaultEvent(
 	lines := msg.BodyLines()
 	text := strings.Join(lines, " ")

-	// The brackets around the command are escaped with it, as tview
-	// reads a command such as "[MODE]" as a tag.
 	if text != "" {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[gray]%s [white]%s %s",
-			timestamp, escape("["+msg.Command+"]"), escape(text),
+			"[gray]%s [white][%s] %s",
+			timestamp, msg.Command, text,
 		))
 	}
 }
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
-	"unicode/utf8"

 	"github.com/gdamore/tcell/v2"
 	api "sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/cli/api"
@@ -24,16 +23,9 @@ const (
 	testText      = "hello"
 )

-// What the status bar shows while the client is connected, and
-// while it is not.
-const (
-	statusConnected    = "[connected]"
-	statusDisconnected = "[disconnected]"
-)
-
 // eventLoopTimeout is how long a test waits for a typed line to
-// be handled, for the welcome lines, for the UI to stop, for a poll
-// or for a poll loop to end, before it fails.
+// be handled, for the welcome lines, or for the UI to stop, before
+// it fails.
 const eventLoopTimeout = 5 * time.Second

 // holdTime is how long a test waits to see that something does not
@@ -369,46 +361,6 @@ func TestWindowConnectionState(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-// TestQueryConnectionState checks that typing /query bob leaves the
-// status bar showing [connected] only while the client is connected,
-// and [disconnected] otherwise.
-func TestQueryConnectionState(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	const line = "/query " + testOtherNick
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name      string
-		connected bool
-		want      string
-	}{
-		{name: "not connected", connected: false, want: statusDisconnected},
-		{name: "connected", connected: true, want: statusConnected},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			app := &App{ui: NewUI(), nick: testNick, connected: test.connected}
-			handled := handledLines(app)
-			runUI(t, app.ui)
-
-			for _, r := range line {
-				app.ui.app.QueueEvent(tcell.NewEventKey(tcell.KeyRune, r, tcell.ModNone))
-			}
-
-			app.ui.app.QueueEvent(tcell.NewEventKey(tcell.KeyEnter, 0, tcell.ModNone))
-			waitHandled(t, handled, line)
-
-			status := statusBarText(app.ui)
-			if !strings.Contains(status, test.want) {
-				t.Fatalf("status bar is %q, want it to show %s", status, test.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 // TestEventLoopKeepsRunning sends Alt and 1, then a typed line and
 // Enter, to a running UI. It checks that both are handled, so the
 // event loop did not stop on either.
@@ -482,14 +434,45 @@ func TestSecondConnectStopsFirstPollLoop(t *testing.T) {
 	// The first server answers every request at once, so the first
 	// poll loop polls it until the second /connect.
 	first := newServer(t, session)
-	second, polled := newHoldingServer(t, session)
+
+	// The second server sends on polled for each poll and holds the
+	// poll until its connection closes. It answers anything else
+	// with the session.
+	polled := make(chan struct{})
+	second := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
+		func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+			if request.Method != http.MethodGet ||
+				request.URL.Path != "/api/v1/messages" {
+				_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, session)
+
+				return
+			}
+
+			select {
+			case polled <- struct{}{}:
+			case <-request.Context().Done():
+			}
+
+			<-request.Context().Done()
+		},
+	))
+	// Close waits for the held polls, which end only once their
+	// connections close. Cleanups run last first, so the connections
+	// close before Close runs.
+	t.Cleanup(second.Close)
+	t.Cleanup(second.CloseClientConnections)

 	app := &App{ui: NewUI(), nick: testNick}
 	runUI(t, app.ui)

 	app.cmdConnect(first.URL)
 	app.cmdConnect(second.URL)
-	waitPoll(t, polled, "the second server")
+
+	select {
+	case <-polled:
+	case <-time.After(eventLoopTimeout):
+		t.Fatalf("the second server got no poll within %v", eventLoopTimeout)
+	}

 	// The second connection's poll loop waits on its held poll, so
 	// another poll comes from the first loop.
@@ -599,63 +582,6 @@ func TestSecondConnectIgnoresHeldPoll(t *testing.T) {
 	app.mu.Unlock()
 }

-// TestSecondConnectAfterFailedPoll holds a poll of the earlier
-// connection at its server while a second /connect runs, then
-// fails it. A poll loop waits pollRetry after a failed poll, then
-// polls again. The test fails if the earlier poll loop polls the
-// second server.
-func TestSecondConnectAfterFailedPoll(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	const session = `{"id": 1, "nick": "erin"}`
-
-	first, firstPolled := newHoldingServer(t, session)
-
-	// The second server holds the one poll of the second
-	// connection's poll loop, so any other poll comes from the
-	// earlier loop.
-	second, secondPolled := newHoldingServer(t, session)
-
-	// The test runs the earlier connection's poll loop itself, so
-	// that it can wait for the loop to end.
-	stop := make(chan struct{})
-	app := &App{
-		ui:        NewUI(),
-		client:    api.NewClient(first.URL),
-		nick:      testNick,
-		connected: true,
-		stopPoll:  stop,
-	}
-	runUI(t, app.ui)
-
-	done := make(chan struct{})
-
-	go func() {
-		app.pollLoop(stop)
-		close(done)
-	}()
-
-	waitPoll(t, firstPolled, "the first server")
-	app.cmdConnect(second.URL)
-	waitPoll(t, secondPolled, "the second server")
-
-	// Closing the held poll's connection makes that poll fail.
-	first.CloseClientConnections()
-
-	select {
-	case <-done:
-	case <-secondPolled:
-		t.Fatal("the earlier poll loop polled the second server")
-	case <-time.After(eventLoopTimeout):
-		t.Fatalf("the earlier poll loop did not end within %v", eventLoopTimeout)
-	}
-
-	// Stop the second poll loop as /quit does, without stopping the UI.
-	app.mu.Lock()
-	close(app.stopPoll)
-	app.mu.Unlock()
-}
-
 // TestStartUp runs the client's start-up path on a simulation
 // screen. It fails unless the event loop starts and the status
 // window gets two lines: first the one that holds "Welcome to
@@ -800,31 +726,6 @@ func TestStatusBar(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-// TestUnreadLine checks that a line added to a window that is not
-// shown puts that window in the status bar's unread list at once,
-// and that the status bar keeps the nick, target and connection
-// state last set.
-func TestUnreadLine(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	ui := NewUI()
-	runUI(t, ui)
-
-	// Window 1, the one shown, is the channel's. The line goes to
-	// window 2 after SetStatus, so only AddLine can show it in the
-	// status bar.
-	ui.SwitchToBuffer(testChannel)
-	ui.SetStatus(testNick, testChannel, "connected")
-	ui.AddLine(testOtherNick, testText)
-
-	const want = " [connected] erin [1:#chan] #chan [Act: 2:bob(1)]"
-
-	got := statusBarText(ui)
-	if got != want {
-		t.Fatalf("status bar is %q, want %q", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
 // TestOwnEventFromOtherClient checks that a message, notice,
 // join or part that the user's session makes from another
 // client shows as one line in the buffer it belongs to.
@@ -893,260 +794,6 @@ func TestOwnEventFromOtherClient(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-// TestBracketsInMessageWindow checks that each kind of line drawn
-// from a server event shows nicks, channel names, texts, reasons
-// and topics holding square brackets as written.
-func TestBracketsInMessageWindow(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	// Every event is sent to this channel and has a body of one line.
-	const channel = "#chan[x]"
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		command string
-		from    string
-		body    string
-		// Whether the line goes to the channel's window rather than
-		// the status window, which is the one shown at start.
-		inChannel bool
-		// How the line ends, after the timestamps.
-		want string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "message", command: irc.CmdPrivmsg, inChannel: true,
-			from: "bob[|[]", body: "x[^[] [:::y|z] [red]",
-			want: "<bob[|[]> x[^[] [:::y|z] [red]",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "joined", command: irc.CmdJoin, from: "x[^[]", inChannel: true,
-			want: "*** x[^[] has joined #chan[x]",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "left", command: irc.CmdPart, inChannel: true,
-			from: "erin[away]", body: "[:::y|z]",
-			want: "*** erin[away] has left #chan[x] ([:::y|z])",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "topic", command: irc.CmdTopic, inChannel: true,
-			from: "dave[afk]", body: "[red]news",
-			want: "*** dave[afk] set topic: [red]news",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "quit", command: irc.CmdQuit, from: "carol[x]", body: "bye [red]",
-			want: "*** carol[x] has quit (bye [red])",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "quit without reason", command: irc.CmdQuit, from: "frank[x]",
-			want: "*** frank[x] has quit",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "nick change", command: irc.CmdNick, from: "erin[m]", body: "erin[x]",
-			want: "*** erin[m] is now known as erin[x]",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "notice", command: irc.CmdNotice, from: "bob[x]", body: "[::b]note",
-			want: "--bob[x]-- [::b]note",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "other command", command: irc.CmdMode, body: "+v dave[afk]",
-			want: "[MODE] +v dave[afk]",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			app := &App{ui: NewUI(), nick: testNick}
-			screen := runUI(t, app.ui)
-
-			if test.inChannel {
-				app.ui.SwitchToBuffer(channel)
-			}
-
-			app.handleServerMessage(&api.Message{
-				Command: test.command, From: test.from, To: channel,
-				Body: []string{test.body},
-			})
-
-			got, _ := shownLine(app.ui, screen, 0)
-			if !strings.HasSuffix(got, test.want) {
-				t.Fatalf("message window shows %q, want it to end %q", got, test.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestBracketsInCommandErrors checks that when the server refuses
-// a typed command, the error the client shows holds the server's
-// answer as written.
-func TestBracketsInCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	server := newRefusingServer(t)
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		typed string
-		// The start of the line, before the error.
-		reply string
-	}{
-		{typed: testText, reply: "Send error"},
-		{typed: "/nick bob", reply: "Nick change failed"},
-		{typed: "/join #x", reply: "Join failed"},
-		{typed: "/part", reply: "Part failed"},
-		{typed: "/msg bob hi", reply: "Send failed"},
-		{typed: "/topic hi", reply: "Topic set failed"},
-		{typed: "/names", reply: "Names failed"},
-		{typed: "/list", reply: "List failed"},
-		{typed: "/motd", reply: "MOTD failed"},
-		{typed: "/who", reply: "WHO failed"},
-		{typed: "/whois bob", reply: "WHOIS failed"},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.reply, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			app := &App{
-				ui:        NewUI(),
-				client:    api.NewClient(server.URL),
-				nick:      testNick,
-				target:    testChannel,
-				connected: true,
-			}
-			screen := runUI(t, app.ui)
-
-			app.handleInput(test.typed)
-
-			want := test.reply + ": HTTP error 400: [red]no"
-
-			got, _ := shownLine(app.ui, screen, 0)
-			if !strings.HasSuffix(got, want) {
-				t.Fatalf("message window shows %q, want it to end %q", got, want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestBracketsInCommandReplies checks that the other lines the
-// client draws for a typed command show square brackets as
-// written, whether they come from the typed line or the server.
-func TestBracketsInCommandReplies(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	const channel = "#chan[x]"
-
-	refusing := newRefusingServer(t)
-	session := newServer(t, `{"id": 1, "nick": "erin[x]"}`)
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		// The server the client is connected to before the line is
-		// typed, if any.
-		server *httptest.Server
-		typed  string
-		// Whether the line goes to the channel's window rather than
-		// the status window, and which line of the window it is,
-		// counting from 0.
-		inChannel bool
-		line      int
-		want      string
-	}{
-		{name: "unknown command", typed: "/x[red]", want: "Unknown command: /x[red]"},
-		{
-			name: "nick set", typed: "/nick erin[x]",
-			want: "Nick set to erin[x] (will be used on connect)",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "nick changed", server: session, typed: "/nick erin[x]",
-			want: "Nick changed to erin[x]",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "connecting", typed: "/connect " + refusing.URL + "/[x]",
-			want: "Connecting to " + refusing.URL + "/[x]...",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "connection failed", typed: "/connect " + refusing.URL, line: 1,
-			want: "Connection failed: HTTP error 400: [red]no",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "connected", typed: "/connect " + session.URL, line: 1,
-			want: "Connected! Nick: erin[x], Session: 1",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "members", server: newServer(t, `[{"nick": "bob[x]"}]`),
-			typed: "/names", inChannel: true, want: "*** Members of #chan[x]: bob[x]",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "channel list", typed: "/list", line: 1, want: "  #chan[x] [red]news",
-			server: newServer(t, `[{"name": "#chan[x]", "topic": "[red]news"}]`),
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			app := &App{ui: NewUI(), nick: testNick, target: channel}
-
-			if test.server != nil {
-				app.client = api.NewClient(test.server.URL)
-				app.connected = true
-			}
-
-			screen := runUI(t, app.ui)
-
-			// Stop the poll loop a /connect starts, as /quit does.
-			// Cleanups run last first, so this runs before the UI
-			// stops.
-			t.Cleanup(func() {
-				app.mu.Lock()
-				defer app.mu.Unlock()
-
-				if app.stopPoll != nil {
-					close(app.stopPoll)
-				}
-			})
-
-			if test.inChannel {
-				app.ui.SwitchToBuffer(channel)
-			}
-
-			app.handleInput(test.typed)
-
-			got, _ := shownLine(app.ui, screen, test.line)
-			if !strings.HasSuffix(got, test.want) {
-				t.Fatalf("message window shows %q, want it to end %q", got, test.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestColourTagInMessage checks that a colour tag in a message
-// shows as written and leaves the message text white, as the
-// client draws it.
-func TestColourTagInMessage(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	const want = "<bob> [red]x"
-
-	app := &App{ui: NewUI(), nick: testNick}
-	screen := runUI(t, app.ui)
-	app.ui.SwitchToBuffer(testChannel)
-
-	app.handleServerMessage(&api.Message{
-		Command: irc.CmdPrivmsg, From: testOtherNick, To: testChannel,
-		Body: []string{"[red]x"},
-	})
-
-	got, colour := shownLine(app.ui, screen, 0)
-	if !strings.HasSuffix(got, want) || colour != tcell.ColorWhite {
-		t.Fatalf("message window shows %q, its last character in %v; "+
-			"want it to end %q, in white", got, colour, want)
-	}
-}
-
 // bufferState returns the number of lines in the named
 // buffer and how many of them are unread.
 func bufferState(ui *UI, name string) (int, int) {
@@ -1174,41 +821,6 @@ func statusBarText(ui *UI) string {
 	return text
 }

-// shownLine returns the given line of the message window, counting
-// from 0, as the screen shows it, without the blanks after it, and
-// the colour of its last character. Each line in these tests takes
-// one row of the screen.
-func shownLine(
-	ui *UI, screen tcell.SimulationScreen, line int,
-) (string, tcell.Color) {
-	var (
-		text   string
-		colour tcell.Color
-	)
-
-	ui.app.QueueUpdate(func() {
-		cells, width, _ := screen.GetContents()
-		cells = cells[line*width : (line+1)*width]
-
-		var row strings.Builder
-
-		for _, cell := range cells {
-			row.WriteString(string(cell.Runes))
-		}
-
-		text = strings.TrimRight(row.String(), " ")
-		if text == "" {
-			return
-		}
-
-		// Each character in these tests takes one cell.
-		last := cells[utf8.RuneCountInString(text)-1]
-		colour, _, _ = last.Style.Decompose()
-	})
-
-	return text, colour
-}
-
 // handledLines makes app.ui pass each typed line to
 // app.handleInput, as Run does, and returns a channel that
 // receives each line once it has been handled.
@@ -1254,79 +866,11 @@ func newServer(t *testing.T, body string) *httptest.Server {
 	return server
 }

-// newRefusingServer starts a server that answers every request
-// with the status 400 Bad Request and the body "[red]no" until
-// the test ends. The client shows that body in its error.
-func newRefusingServer(t *testing.T) *httptest.Server {
+// runUI runs ui on a simulated screen until the test ends.
+func runUI(t *testing.T, ui *UI) {
 	t.Helper()

-	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
-		func(writer http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
-			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
-			_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, "[red]no")
-		},
-	))
-	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
-
-	return server
-}
-
-// newHoldingServer starts a server that sends on the returned
-// channel for each poll and holds the poll until its connection
-// closes. It answers any other request with body.
-func newHoldingServer(
-	t *testing.T, body string,
-) (*httptest.Server, <-chan struct{}) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	polled := make(chan struct{})
-	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
-		func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-			if request.Method != http.MethodGet ||
-				request.URL.Path != "/api/v1/messages" {
-				_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, body)
-
-				return
-			}
-
-			select {
-			case polled <- struct{}{}:
-			case <-request.Context().Done():
-			}
-
-			<-request.Context().Done()
-		},
-	))
-	// Close waits for the held polls, which end only once their
-	// connections close. Cleanups run last first, so the connections
-	// close before Close runs.
-	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
-	t.Cleanup(server.CloseClientConnections)
-
-	return server, polled
-}
-
-// waitPoll fails the test unless server gets a poll, sent on
-// polled, within eventLoopTimeout.
-func waitPoll(t *testing.T, polled <-chan struct{}, server string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	select {
-	case <-polled:
-	case <-time.After(eventLoopTimeout):
-		t.Fatalf("%s got no poll within %v", server, eventLoopTimeout)
-	}
-}
-
-// runUI runs ui on a simulated screen until the test ends, and
-// returns the screen.
-//
-//nolint:ireturn // tcell has no exported type for the screen
-func runUI(t *testing.T, ui *UI) tcell.SimulationScreen {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	screen := tcell.NewSimulationScreen("")
-	ui.app.SetScreen(screen)
+	ui.app.SetScreen(tcell.NewSimulationScreen(""))

 	// One slot, so that Run's goroutine can end even after the
 	// cleanup below has stopped waiting for it.
@@ -1346,6 +890,4 @@ func runUI(t *testing.T, ui *UI) tcell.SimulationScreen {
 			t.Error("the UI did not stop: its event loop stopped responding")
 		}
 	})
-
-	return screen
 }
@@ -30,12 +30,6 @@ type UI struct {
 	buffers       []*Buffer
 	currentBuffer int

-	// The nick, target and connection state last passed to
-	// SetStatus.
-	nick       string
-	target     string
-	connStatus string
-
 	onInput func(string)
 	// inputDone is closed once the line last passed to onInput
 	// has been handled. Only callOnInput, on the event loop, uses
@@ -185,11 +179,7 @@ func (ui *UI) SetStatus(
 	nick, target, connStatus string,
 ) {
 	ui.app.QueueUpdateDraw(func() {
-		ui.nick = nick
-		ui.target = target
-		ui.connStatus = connStatus
-
-		ui.refreshStatusBar()
+		ui.renderStatusBar(nick, target, connStatus)
 	})
 }

@@ -235,16 +225,6 @@ func (ui *UI) initMessages() {
 	ui.messages.SetBorder(false)
 }

-// escape returns text so that the message window shows it exactly
-// as written. It writes each "[" as "[[:]": a "[" followed by
-// another "[" never starts a tag, and the tag "[:]" changes
-// nothing. tview.Escape is not enough: it does not escape a bracket
-// pair holding a symbol such as "|" or "^", and nothing it adds
-// stops a tag with a URL, such as "[:::y|z]".
-func escape(text string) string {
-	return strings.ReplaceAll(text, "[", "[[:]")
-}
-
 func (ui *UI) initStatusBar() {
 	// Colour tags stay off. With them on, tview reads text in
 	// square brackets, such as "[connected]" or part of a nick,
@@ -320,10 +300,8 @@ func (ui *UI) callOnInput(text string) {
 	}()
 }

-// refreshStatusBar redraws the status bar with the nick, target
-// and connection state last passed to SetStatus.
 func (ui *UI) refreshStatusBar() {
-	ui.renderStatusBar(ui.nick, ui.target, ui.connStatus)
+	// Placeholder; full refresh needs nick/target context.
 }

 func (ui *UI) renderStatusBar(
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) deliverWelcome(
 	// 004 RPL_MYINFO
 	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
 		ctx, clientID, irc.RplMyInfo, nick,
-		[]string{srvName, version, service.UserModes, "Hbiklmnostv"},
+		[]string{srvName, version, "", "ikmnostl"},
 		"",
 	)

@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) dispatchCommand(
 		hdlr.handlePrivmsg(
 			writer, request,
 			sessionID, clientID, nick,
-			command, target, body, meta,
+			command, target, body, meta, bodyLines,
 		)
 	case irc.CmdJoin:
 		hdlr.handleJoin(
@@ -1139,18 +1139,8 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handlePrivmsg(
 	nick, command, target string,
 	body json.RawMessage,
 	meta json.RawMessage,
+	bodyLines func() []string,
 ) {
-	lines, ok := checkBodyAndMeta(body, meta)
-	if !ok {
-		hdlr.respondError(
-			writer, request,
-			"invalid request body",
-			http.StatusBadRequest,
-		)
-
-		return
-	}
-
 	if target == "" {
 		hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
 			request.Context(), clientID,
@@ -1165,6 +1155,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handlePrivmsg(
 		return
 	}

+	lines := bodyLines()
 	if len(lines) == 0 {
 		hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
 			request.Context(), clientID,
@@ -1198,44 +1189,6 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handlePrivmsg(
 	)
 }

-// checkBodyAndMeta returns the lines in body. It returns false
-// when body is present and is not an array of strings, or meta
-// is present and is not an object. Each line is decoded as any
-// because decoding into []string turns a null line into "". A
-// null body or meta decodes without an error into nil.
-func checkBodyAndMeta(body, meta json.RawMessage) ([]string, bool) {
-	var lines []string
-
-	if body != nil {
-		var values []any
-
-		err := json.Unmarshal(body, &values)
-		if err != nil || values == nil {
-			return nil, false
-		}
-
-		for _, value := range values {
-			line, isString := value.(string)
-			if !isString {
-				return nil, false
-			}
-
-			lines = append(lines, line)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if meta != nil {
-		var fields map[string]any
-
-		err := json.Unmarshal(meta, &fields)
-		if err != nil || fields == nil {
-			return nil, false
-		}
-	}
-
-	return lines, true
-}
-
 // respondIRCError enqueues a numeric error reply, notifies
 // the broker, and sends HTTP 200 with {"status":"error"}.
 func (hdlr *Handlers) respondIRCError(
@@ -8,12 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"maps"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"reflect"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -1001,8 +999,6 @@ func TestChannelMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-// TestMessageMissingBody checks that a PRIVMSG with no body,
-// or an empty one, gets ERR_NOTEXTTOSEND.
 func TestMessageMissingBody(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

@@ -1017,25 +1013,20 @@ func TestMessageMissingBody(t *testing.T) {

 	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)

-	for _, request := range []map[string]any{
-		{commandKey: privmsgCmd, toKey: channel},
-		{commandKey: privmsgCmd, toKey: channel, bodyKey: []string{}},
-	} {
-		status, _ := tserver.sendCommand(token, request)
-		if status != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Fatalf("%v: expected 200, got %d", request, status)
-		}
+	status, _ := tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: privmsgCmd, toKey: channel,
+	})
+	if status != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d", status)
+	}

-		var msgs []map[string]any
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)

-		msgs, lastID = tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
-
-		if !findNumeric(msgs, "412") {
-			t.Fatalf(
-				"%v: expected ERR_NOTEXTTOSEND (412), got %v",
-				request, msgs,
-			)
-		}
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "412") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected ERR_NOTEXTTOSEND (412), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
 	}
 }

@@ -1065,132 +1056,6 @@ func TestMessageMissingTo(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-// TestMessageInvalidBodyOrMeta checks that a PRIVMSG or
-// NOTICE, to a channel or a nick, whose body is not an array
-// of strings or whose meta is not an object gets 400 and
-// reaches nobody.
-func TestMessageInvalidBodyOrMeta(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	cases := []struct {
-		name   string
-		fields map[string]any
-	}{
-		{"null line", map[string]any{bodyKey: []any{"hi", nil}}},
-		{"number line", map[string]any{bodyKey: []any{"hi", 1}}},
-		{"object line", map[string]any{bodyKey: []any{map[string]any{}}}},
-		{"null body", map[string]any{bodyKey: nil}},
-		{"object body", map[string]any{bodyKey: map[string]any{}}},
-		{"null meta", map[string]any{bodyKey: []string{"hi"}, metaKey: nil}},
-		{"array meta", map[string]any{bodyKey: []string{"hi"}, metaKey: []string{}}},
-		{"string meta", map[string]any{bodyKey: []string{"hi"}, metaKey: "hi"}},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range cases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			const channel = "#badmsg"
-
-			tserver := newTestServer(t)
-			aliceToken := tserver.createSession("alice_badmsg")
-			bobToken := tserver.createSession("bob_badmsg")
-
-			tserver.sendCommand(aliceToken, map[string]any{
-				commandKey: joinCmd, toKey: channel,
-			})
-			tserver.sendCommand(bobToken, map[string]any{
-				commandKey: joinCmd, toKey: channel,
-			})
-
-			_, bobLastID := tserver.pollMessages(bobToken, 0)
-
-			for _, command := range []string{privmsgCmd, irc.CmdNotice} {
-				for _, target := range []string{channel, "bob_badmsg"} {
-					request := map[string]any{
-						commandKey: command, toKey: target,
-					}
-					maps.Copy(request, tc.fields)
-
-					status, result := tserver.sendCommand(
-						aliceToken, request,
-					)
-					if status != http.StatusBadRequest ||
-						result["error"] != "invalid request body" {
-						t.Errorf(
-							"%s to %s: expected 400 invalid "+
-								"request body, got %d: %v",
-							command, target, status, result,
-						)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(bobToken, bobLastID)
-			if len(msgs) != 0 {
-				t.Fatalf("expected no messages, bob got %v", msgs)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestMessageRelaysBodyAndMeta checks that a PRIVMSG or
-// NOTICE, to a channel or a nick, reaches its recipient with
-// body and meta as sent.
-func TestMessageRelaysBodyAndMeta(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	const channel = "#relaymsg"
-
-	tserver := newTestServer(t)
-	aliceToken := tserver.createSession("alice_relaymsg")
-	bobToken := tserver.createSession("bob_relaymsg")
-
-	tserver.sendCommand(aliceToken, map[string]any{
-		commandKey: joinCmd, toKey: channel,
-	})
-	tserver.sendCommand(bobToken, map[string]any{
-		commandKey: joinCmd, toKey: channel,
-	})
-
-	_, bobLastID := tserver.pollMessages(bobToken, 0)
-
-	body := []any{"line one", ""}
-	meta := map[string]any{"sig": "abc", "alg": "ed25519"}
-
-	for _, command := range []string{privmsgCmd, irc.CmdNotice} {
-		for _, target := range []string{channel, "bob_relaymsg"} {
-			status, result := tserver.sendCommand(
-				aliceToken,
-				map[string]any{
-					commandKey: command, toKey: target,
-					bodyKey: body, metaKey: meta,
-				},
-			)
-			if status != http.StatusOK {
-				t.Fatalf(
-					"%s to %s: expected 200, got %d: %v",
-					command, target, status, result,
-				)
-			}
-
-			var msgs []map[string]any
-
-			msgs, bobLastID = tserver.pollMessages(
-				bobToken, bobLastID,
-			)
-			if len(msgs) != 1 ||
-				msgs[0][commandKey] != command ||
-				!reflect.DeepEqual(msgs[0][bodyKey], body) ||
-				!reflect.DeepEqual(msgs[0][metaKey], meta) {
-				t.Fatalf(
-					"%s to %s: bob got %v", command, target, msgs,
-				)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestNonMemberCannotSend(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

@@ -6932,32 +6797,6 @@ func TestISUPPORT(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-// TestMyInfoListsModes verifies the 004 numeric lists the
-// user modes o and w as its third parameter, and the HTTP
-// API's channel modes Hbiklmnostv as its fourth.
-func TestMyInfoListsModes(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tserver := newTestServer(t)
-	token := tserver.createSession("myinfo")
-
-	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
-
-	myInfo := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "004")
-	if myInfo == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected 004 RPL_MYINFO")
-	}
-
-	params := getNumericParams(myInfo)
-	if len(params) != 4 || params[2] != "ow" ||
-		params[3] != "Hbiklmnostv" {
-		t.Fatalf(
-			"004 params %v, want four ending ow Hbiklmnostv",
-			params,
-		)
-	}
-}
-
 // TestNonOpCannotSetModes verifies non-operators
 // cannot set +i, +s, +k, +l, +b.
 func TestNonOpCannotSetModes(t *testing.T) {
@@ -371,7 +371,6 @@ func (c *Conn) handleQuit(msg *Message) {

 	c.mu.Lock()
 	c.closed = true
-	c.quitReason = reason
 	c.mu.Unlock()
 }

@@ -1227,12 +1226,9 @@ func (c *Conn) handlePassPostReg(
 		return
 	}

-	// The IRC listener cannot add a connection to an existing
-	// session; only the HTTP API login can.
 	c.sendFromServer("NOTICE", c.currentNick(),
-		"Password set. Another client can log in to this "+
-			"session over the HTTP API: POST /api/v1/login "+
-			"with your nick and this password.",
+		"Password set. You can reconnect using "+
+			"PASS <password> with your nick.",
 	)
 }

@@ -69,11 +69,6 @@ type Conn struct {
 	lastQueueID int64
 	closed      bool
 	killed      bool
-
-	// quitReason is the reason in the QUIT that peers are
-	// sent when the connection ends. The client's QUIT
-	// replaces it.
-	quitReason string
 }

 func newConn(
@@ -92,15 +87,14 @@ func newConn(
 	}

 	conn := &Conn{ //nolint:exhaustruct // zero-value defaults
-		conn:       tcpConn,
-		log:        log,
-		database:   database,
-		brk:        brk,
-		cfg:        cfg,
-		svc:        svc,
-		serverSfx:  srvName,
-		remoteIP:   host,
-		quitReason: "Connection closed",
+		conn:      tcpConn,
+		log:       log,
+		database:  database,
+		brk:       brk,
+		cfg:       cfg,
+		svc:       svc,
+		serverSfx: srvName,
+		remoteIP:  host,
 	}

 	conn.commands = conn.buildCommandMap()
@@ -284,7 +278,6 @@ func (c *Conn) cleanup(ctx context.Context) {
 	wasKilled := c.killed
 	sessID := c.sessionID
 	nick := c.nick
-	quitReason := c.quitReason
 	c.closed = true
 	c.mu.Unlock()

@@ -294,7 +287,9 @@ func (c *Conn) cleanup(ctx context.Context) {
 		// KILL has already sent the QUIT and deleted the
 		// session.
 		if !wasKilled {
-			c.svc.BroadcastQuit(ctx, sessID, nick, quitReason)
+			c.svc.BroadcastQuit(
+				ctx, sessID, nick, "Connection closed",
+			)
 		}
 	}

@@ -610,7 +605,7 @@ func (c *Conn) deliverWelcome() {
 	)
 	c.sendNumeric(
 		irc.RplMyInfo,
-		c.serverSfx, "neoirc", service.UserModes, "Himnostv",
+		c.serverSfx, "neoirc", "", "mnst",
 	)
 	c.sendNumeric(
 		irc.RplIsupport,
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ func TestRelayNickDiffersOnlyInCase(t *testing.T) {
 		{"JOIN #case", ":Alice!Alice@* JOIN #case"},
 		{"NICK Alicia", ":Alice!Alice@* NICK Alicia"},
 		{"NICK Alice", ":Alicia!Alicia@* NICK Alice"}, // back for QUIT
-		{"QUIT", ":Alice!Alice@* QUIT :Quit: Client quit"},
+		{"QUIT", ":Alice!Alice@* QUIT :Quit: Connection closed"},
 	} {
 		capitalAlice.send(step.line)

@@ -4,14 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"bufio"
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
@@ -25,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/globals"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/ircserver"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/logger"
-	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/pkg/irc"

 	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
 )
@@ -489,22 +486,6 @@ func TestWelcomeContainsNick(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-// TestMyInfoListsModes checks that RPL_MYINFO lists the user
-// modes o and w, then the channel modes MODE accepts on the
-// IRC listener. It compares the whole line, so a missing or
-// extra mode fails it.
-func TestMyInfoListsModes(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	env := newTestEnv(t)
-	lines := env.dial(t).register("carol")
-
-	want := ":test.irc 004 carol test.irc neoirc ow Himnostv"
-	if !slices.Contains(lines, want) {
-		t.Errorf("no line %q in %v", want, lines)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestPingPong(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

@@ -875,112 +856,6 @@ func TestQuit(t *testing.T) {
 	assertContains(t, lines, "goodbye", "QUIT reason")
 }

-// TestQuitReasonReachesPeers checks the reason that an IRC
-// listener user's channel peers see in its QUIT, on both the
-// IRC listener and the HTTP API. It is the reason the user
-// gave, Client quit for a QUIT without one, or Connection
-// closed when the connection ends without a QUIT.
-func TestQuitReasonReachesPeers(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	for _, step := range []struct {
-		name, quit, want string
-	}{
-		{"QUIT with a reason", "QUIT :gone home", "gone home"},
-		{"QUIT without a reason", irc.CmdQuit, "Client quit"},
-		{"connection closed without QUIT", "", "Connection closed"},
-	} {
-		t.Run(step.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			ircLine, apiBody := quitSeenByPeers(t, step.quit)
-
-			want := ":quitter!quitter@* QUIT :Quit: " + step.want
-			if ircLine != want {
-				t.Errorf("IRC peer got %q, want %q", ircLine, want)
-			}
-
-			if len(apiBody) != 1 || apiBody[0] != step.want {
-				t.Errorf("HTTP API peer got %q, want [%q]", apiBody, step.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// quitSeenByPeers starts a server on which quitter, ircpeer on
-// the IRC listener and apipeer on the HTTP API share a channel.
-// quitter sends the line quit, or closes its connection when
-// quit is empty. It returns the QUIT line ircpeer is sent and
-// the body of the QUIT apipeer is sent.
-func quitSeenByPeers(t *testing.T, quit string) (string, []string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	env := newTestEnv(t)
-	ctx := t.Context()
-
-	ircPeer := env.dial(t)
-	ircPeer.register("ircpeer")
-	ircPeer.joinAndDrain("#bye")
-
-	apiPeerID, apiPeerClientID, _, err := env.database.CreateSession(
-		ctx, "apipeer", "apipeer", "", "",
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("create peer session: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	channelID, err := env.database.GetChannelByName(ctx, "#bye")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("get channel: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = env.database.JoinChannel(ctx, channelID, apiPeerID)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("join peer: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	quitter := env.dial(t)
-	quitter.register("quitter")
-	quitter.joinAndDrain("#bye")
-
-	if quit == "" {
-		err = quitter.conn.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("close: %v", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		quitter.send(quit)
-	}
-
-	lines := ircPeer.readUntil(func(l string) bool {
-		return strings.Contains(l, " QUIT ")
-	})
-
-	// The QUIT is queued to both peers at once, so apipeer has
-	// it by now.
-	msgs, _, err := env.database.PollMessages(ctx, apiPeerClientID, 0, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("poll peer: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, msg := range msgs {
-		if msg.Command == irc.CmdQuit && msg.From == "quitter" {
-			var body []string
-
-			err = json.Unmarshal(msg.Body, &body)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("decode QUIT body %s: %v", msg.Body, err)
-			}
-
-			return lines[len(lines)-1], body
-		}
-	}
-
-	t.Fatalf("apipeer was not sent the QUIT: %v", msgs)
-
-	return "", nil
-}
-
 // TestStopEndsSessions checks that stopping the server ends
 // a registered connection's session before Stop returns, as
 // closing the connection does: the session, its client and
@@ -1250,9 +1125,6 @@ func TestAwaySetAndClear(t *testing.T) {
 	assertContains(t, clearLines, " 305 ", "RPL_UNAWAY")
 }

-// TestHandlePassPostRegistration checks the NOTICE that
-// confirms PASS after registration. It points to the HTTP API
-// login, the only way to add a client to an existing session.
 func TestHandlePassPostRegistration(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

@@ -1265,11 +1137,7 @@ func TestHandlePassPostRegistration(t *testing.T) {
 	)

 	assertContains(
-		t, lines,
-		" NOTICE passuser :Password set. Another client can log "+
-			"in to this session over the HTTP API: "+
-			"POST /api/v1/login with your nick and this password.",
-		"password confirmation",
+		t, lines, "Password set", "password confirmation",
 	)
 }

@@ -1169,12 +1169,6 @@ func (s *Service) ApplyUserMode(
 	return s.QueryUserMode(ctx, sessionID)
 }

-// UserModes lists the user modes the server supports, as
-// RPL_MYINFO sends them: o (server operator) and w
-// (receives WALLOPS). parseUserModeString must accept the
-// same letters.
-const UserModes = "ow"
-
 // parseUserModeString parses a user mode string such as
 // "+w", "-o" or "+w-o" into the new value of each flag it
 // names, or nil for a flag it does not name; a later letter
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ are the fields it can have:
 - `code`: the number of a numeric reply, such as `1` for `RPL_WELCOME`. Absent
  on other messages.
 - `id`: the message's UUID, a unique ID that the server assigns.
- `from`: the sender's nick, or the server name on a numeric reply or a `PONG`.
+- `from`: the sender's nick, or the server name on a server message.
 - `to`: the target, such as a channel name starting with `#` or a nick.
 - `params`: an array of strings with the message's other parameters, in order.
  `KICK` events and many numeric replies have it. The HTTP API ignores `params`
@@ -60,32 +60,29 @@ A `PRIVMSG` whose `body` has two strings is a two-line message:

 ## Files

-Most command files describe both the message a client sends and the message the
-server sends. Their field descriptions say where the two differ. The examples in
-the files leave out `id`, `ts` and `meta`.
-
 Commands, in `commands/`:

 - `PRIVMSG.json`: a message to a channel or a user.
 - `NOTICE.json`: a notice, which is a message that a client must not answer
  automatically.
- `JOIN.json`: joining a channel.
- `PART.json`: leaving a channel.
- `QUIT.json`: leaving the server.
- `NICK.json`: changing nick.
- `TOPIC.json`: setting a channel's topic.
- `MODE.json`: querying or changing a channel's modes or the user's own modes.
- `KICK.json`: a channel operator removing a user from a channel.
+- `JOIN.json`: a user joined a channel.
+- `PART.json`: a user left a channel.
+- `QUIT.json`: a user left the server.
+- `NICK.json`: a user changed nick.
+- `TOPIC.json`: a channel topic was set.
+- `MODE.json`: a channel mode was changed.
+- `KICK.json`: a channel operator removed a user from a channel.
 - `PING.json`: a check that the server still answers.
- `PONG.json`: the answer to a `PING`, which is the HTTP response to it.
+- `PONG.json`: the answer to a `PING`.
+- `PUBKEY.json`: an announcement of a user's public signing key. The server has
+  no such command. It answers a `PUBKEY` with `ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND` (`421`).

 Numeric replies, in `numerics/`:

- `001.json`: `RPL_WELCOME`, which welcomes the user.
+- `001.json`: `RPL_WELCOME`, which welcomes a new user.
 - `002.json`: `RPL_YOURHOST`, the server's name and version.
- `003.json`: `RPL_CREATED`, the date the server last started.
- `004.json`: `RPL_MYINFO`, the server's name, its version and its lists of
-  modes.
+- `003.json`: `RPL_CREATED`, which says when the server was created.
+- `004.json`: `RPL_MYINFO`, the server's version and its lists of modes.
 - `322.json`: `RPL_LIST`, one channel in the answer to `LIST`.
 - `323.json`: `RPL_LISTEND`, the end of the answer to `LIST`.
 - `332.json`: `RPL_TOPIC`, a channel's topic.
@@ -99,3 +96,71 @@ Numeric replies, in `numerics/`:
 - `433.json`: `ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE`, the nick is taken.
 - `442.json`: `ERR_NOTONCHANNEL`, the user is not on that channel.
 - `482.json`: `ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED`, the user is not a channel operator.
+
+## Where the files differ from the HTTP API
+
+Where a schema file and the HTTP API disagree, the HTTP API is right:
+
+- `message.json` and the files in `numerics/` put the three-digit code in
+  `command`. They have no `code` field. The HTTP API puts the reply's name in
+  `command` and its number in `code`.
+- `message.json` allows an object as `body`. The HTTP API reads only arrays of
+  strings. A `PRIVMSG` with an object as `body` gets `ERR_NOTEXTTOSEND` (`412`).
+- `message.json` says `to` is a channel or a nick. A `WALLOPS` message has `*`
+  there.
+- `message.json` allows `meta` on every message. The HTTP API keeps a client's
+  `meta` only on a `PRIVMSG` or `NOTICE`.
+- `message.json` describes signature fields in `meta`. The server never checks a
+  signature.
+- `message.json` does not describe `meta.hashcash`. The HTTP API reads it in a
+  `PRIVMSG` to a channel with mode `+H`.
+- `JOIN.json` has no `body`. A client's `JOIN` can carry the channel key in
+  `body`. When a user joins, the `JOIN` event repeats the channel name in
+  `body`.
+- `JOIN.json` allows a channel name of any length. The server allows at most 63
+  characters after the `#`. It answers a longer name with `ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL`
+  (`403`).
+- `KICK.json` puts the kicked nick in `params`. The HTTP API reads a client's
+  `KICK` from `body`: the nick, then an optional reason.
+- `MODE.json` puts the mode change in `params`. The HTTP API uses `body`
+  instead. A client sends the change and any value as separate strings, such as
+  `"+o"` and `"bob"`. In a `MODE` event, `body` holds the change as one string,
+  such as `"+o bob"`, or as two strings, such as `"+k"` and `"secret"`.
+- `NOTICE.json` allows `*` as `to`. The server answers a `NOTICE` to `*` with
+  `ERR_NOSUCHNICK` (`401`).
+- `NOTICE.json` has an example notice from the server to `*`. The server sends
+  no such notice.
+- `PING.json` and `PONG.json` describe a token that the `PONG` repeats. The HTTP
+  API ignores the `body` of a `PING`. Its answer is the HTTP response
+  `{"command": "PONG", "from": "<server name>"}`.
+- `PING.json` and `PONG.json` also describe messages between servers. The server
+  does not connect to other IRC servers.
+- `PUBKEY.json` describes a command the server does not have.
+- `QUIT.json` says that `QUIT` comes only from the server. A client can send it
+  too, to end its session. A client's `QUIT` can carry a reason in `body`.
+- `TOPIC.json` says a `TOPIC` without a `body` queries the topic. The HTTP API
+  answers such a `TOPIC` with `ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS` (`461`).
+- `TOPIC.json` says an empty array clears the topic. The HTTP API answers `[]`
+  with `ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS` (`461`). A `body` of `[""]` clears the topic.
+- `003.json` describes the server's creation date. The HTTP API sends the date
+  the server last started.
+- `004.json` has example mode lists. The HTTP API sends an empty string as the
+  user modes and `ikmnostl` as the channel modes.
+- `322.json` says `LIST` gets one reply per channel. The server leaves out a
+  secret channel, one with mode `+s`, unless the user is on it.
+- `332.json` says `RPL_TOPIC` answers a `TOPIC` query. The HTTP API has no such
+  query. It sends `RPL_TOPIC` after a client sets the topic, and after a `JOIN`
+  to a channel that has one.
+- `353.json` says `body` lists nicks. The HTTP API lists `nick!user@host` in
+  place of each nick, such as `@op1!op1@host1`.
+- `353.json` says the first parameter marks a channel as public, private or
+  secret. The server always sends `=`, the mark for a public channel.
+- `376.json` gives the text as `End of /MOTD command`. The HTTP API adds a full
+  stop.
+- `401.json` gives the text as `No such nick/channel`. The server sends
+  `No such nick` in answer to a `PRIVMSG` or `NOTICE` to an unknown nick.
+- `433.json` has an example with `*` as `to`. The HTTP API sends `433` only in
+  answer to a `NICK`, with the user's nick as `to`.
+
+The HTTP API also accepts some messages that the files do not allow, such as a
+`JOIN` whose `to` has no `#`.
@@ -2,25 +2,15 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/JOIN.json",
  "title": "JOIN",
-  "description": "Join a channel. A client sends it to join a channel, which the server creates if it does not exist. The server sends it to every member of the channel when a user joins, the new member included. RFC 1459 §4.2.1.",
+  "description": "Join a channel. C2S: request to join. S2C: notification that a user joined. RFC 1459 §4.2.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "JOIN" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The nick that joined. The server sets it." },
-    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The channel name: # and then 1 to 63 of a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _ and -. The server adds the # if a client leaves it out.",
-      "pattern": "^#?[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63}$"
-    },
-    "body": {
-      "type": "array",
-      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "From a client: the channel key as the first string, which a channel with mode +k needs. From the server: the channel name. After a login, and for GET /api/v1/state?initChannelState=1, the server queues a JOIN for each of the session's channels. That JOIN has an empty body."
-    }
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick that joined (S2C)." },
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Channel name.", "pattern": "^#[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$" }
  },
  "required": ["command", "to"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "JOIN", "to": "#general" },
-    { "command": "JOIN", "from": "alice", "to": "#general", "body": ["#general"] }
+    { "command": "JOIN", "from": "alice", "to": "#general" }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,33 +2,28 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/KICK.json",
  "title": "KICK",
-  "description": "Remove a user from a channel. A client sends it, and only a channel operator may. The server sends it to every member of the channel, the removed user included. RFC 1459 §4.2.8.",
+  "description": "Kick a user from a channel. RFC 1459 §4.2.8.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "KICK" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The nick that removed the user. The server sets it." },
-    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The channel name. The server adds the # if a client leaves it out.",
-      "pattern": "^#?[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63}$"
-    },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick that performed the kick." },
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Channel name.", "pattern": "^#[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$" },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The removed nick. Only the server sends it.",
+      "description": "Kicked nick. e.g. [\"alice\"].",
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "From a client: the nick to remove, then an optional reason. From the server: the reason, as one string.",
-      "minItems": 1
+      "description": "Optional kick reason.",
+      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
-  "required": ["command", "to", "body"],
+  "required": ["command", "to", "params"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "KICK", "to": "#general", "body": ["troll", "Behave"] },
    { "command": "KICK", "from": "op1", "to": "#general", "params": ["troll"], "body": ["Behave"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,29 +2,28 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/MODE.json",
  "title": "MODE",
-  "description": "Query or change a channel's modes or the user's own modes. A client sends it. The server sends it to every member of the channel when a channel mode changes. A +H or -H sent over the HTTP API is the exception. The server answers it with RPL_CHANNELMODEIS (324) and sends no MODE. RFC 1459 §4.2.3.",
+  "description": "Set or query channel/user modes. RFC 1459 §4.2.3.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "MODE" },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The nick that changed the mode. The server sets it."
+      "description": "Nick that set the mode (S2C only)."
    },
    "to": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "A channel name, which starts with #, or the user's own nick."
+      "description": "Channel name.",
+      "pattern": "^#[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$"
    },
-    "body": {
+    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "From a client: the mode change and then its value, as separate strings, such as \"+o\" and \"bob\". A MODE without a body is a query. From the server: the change and its value, as one string, such as \"+o bob\", or as separate strings, such as \"+k\" and \"secret\".",
-      "examples": [["+o", "bob"], ["-m"], ["+o bob"], ["+k", "secret"]]
+      "description": "Mode string and optional target nick. e.g. [\"+o\", \"alice\"].",
+      "examples": [["+o", "alice"], ["-m"], ["+v", "bob"]]
    }
  },
-  "required": ["command", "to"],
+  "required": ["command", "to", "params"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "MODE", "to": "#general", "body": ["+o", "bob"] },
-    { "command": "MODE", "from": "op1", "to": "#general", "body": ["+o bob"] },
-    { "command": "MODE", "from": "op1", "to": "#general", "body": ["+k", "secret"] }
+    { "command": "MODE", "from": "op1", "to": "#general", "params": ["+o", "alice"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/NICK.json",
  "title": "NICK",
-  "description": "Change nick. A client sends it to change its nick. The server sends it to the user's own clients and to the users who share a channel with the user. RFC 1459 §4.1.2.",
+  "description": "Change nickname. C2S: request new nick. S2C: notification of nick change. RFC 1459 §4.1.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "NICK" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The old nick. The server sets it." },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Old nick (S2C)." },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The new nick, as the first string. The server sends one string.",
-      "minItems": 1
+      "description": "New nick (single-element array).",
+      "minItems": 1,
+      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": ["command", "body"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "NICK", "body": ["newnick"] },
    { "command": "NICK", "from": "oldnick", "body": ["newnick"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,21 +2,20 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/NOTICE.json",
  "title": "NOTICE",
-  "description": "A notice: a message to a channel or a user that a client must not answer automatically. The server relays it as it relays a PRIVMSG. A NOTICE to a channel with mode +H needs no hashcash stamp. RFC 1459 §4.4.2.",
+  "description": "Send a notice. Like PRIVMSG but must not trigger automatic replies. RFC 1459 §4.4.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "NOTICE" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The sender's nick. The server sets it." },
-    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "A channel name, which starts with #, or a nick." },
+    "from": { "type": "string" },
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Target: #channel, nick, or * (global)." },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The lines of the notice, one string per line.",
-      "minItems": 1
+      "description": "Notice text lines."
    }
  },
  "required": ["command", "to", "body"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "NOTICE", "from": "alice", "to": "#general", "body": ["Back in five minutes"] }
+    { "command": "NOTICE", "from": "server.example.com", "to": "*", "body": ["Server restarting in 5 minutes"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,20 +2,17 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/PART.json",
  "title": "PART",
-  "description": "Leave a channel. A client sends it to leave. The server sends it to every member of the channel when a user leaves, the leaving user included. RFC 1459 §4.2.2.",
+  "description": "Leave a channel. C2S: request to leave. S2C: notification that a user left. RFC 1459 §4.2.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "PART" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The nick that left. The server sets it." },
-    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The channel name. The server adds the # if a client leaves it out.",
-      "pattern": "^#?[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63}$"
-    },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick that left (S2C)." },
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Channel name.", "pattern": "^#[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$" },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The reason for leaving. A client may send one as the first string. The server always sends one string, which is empty when no reason was given."
+      "description": "Optional part reason.",
+      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": ["command", "to"],
@@ -2,13 +2,19 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/PING.json",
  "title": "PING",
-  "description": "A check that the server still answers. A client sends it. The server ignores every field but 'command'. Its answer is a PONG in the HTTP response. RFC 1459 §4.6.2.",
+  "description": "Keepalive. C2S or S2S. Server responds with PONG. RFC 1459 §4.6.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
-    "command": { "const": "PING" }
+    "command": { "const": "PING" },
+    "body": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "items": { "type": "string" },
+      "description": "Opaque token to be echoed in PONG (single-element array).",
+      "maxItems": 1
+    }
  },
  "required": ["command"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "PING" }
+    { "command": "PING", "body": ["1707580000"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,14 +2,20 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/PONG.json",
  "title": "PONG",
-  "description": "The answer to a PING. The server sends it as the HTTP response to the PING, with only 'command' and 'from'. A client's PONG gets ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND (421). RFC 1459 §4.6.3.",
+  "description": "Keepalive response. S2C or S2S. RFC 1459 §4.6.3.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "PONG" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The server name." }
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Responding server name." },
+    "body": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "items": { "type": "string" },
+      "description": "Echoed token from PING (single-element array).",
+      "maxItems": 1
+    }
  },
-  "required": ["command", "from"],
+  "required": ["command"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "PONG", "from": "neoirc" }
+    { "command": "PONG", "from": "server.example.com", "body": ["1707580000"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/PRIVMSG.json",
  "title": "PRIVMSG",
-  "description": "A message to a channel or a user. A client sends it. The server relays it to every member of the channel, or to the user, and to the sender's own clients. RFC 1459 §4.4.1.",
+  "description": "Send a message to a channel or user. C2S: client sends to server. S2C: server relays to recipients. RFC 1459 §4.4.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "PRIVMSG" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The sender's nick. The server sets it." },
-    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "A channel name, which starts with #, or a nick.", "examples": ["#general", "alice"] },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Sender nick (set by server on relay)." },
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Target: #channel or nick.", "examples": ["#general", "alice"] },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The lines of the message, one string per line.",
+      "description": "Message lines. One string per line.",
      "minItems": 1
    }
  },
@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@
  "examples": [
    { "command": "PRIVMSG", "from": "bob", "to": "#general", "body": ["hello world"] },
    { "command": "PRIVMSG", "from": "bob", "to": "#general", "body": ["line one", "line two"] },
-    { "command": "PRIVMSG", "from": "bob", "to": "alice", "body": ["hey"] }
+    { "command": "PRIVMSG", "from": "bob", "to": "alice", "body": ["hey"], "meta": { "sig": "base64...", "alg": "ed25519" } }
  ]
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/PUBKEY.json",
+  "title": "PUBKEY",
+  "description": "Announce or relay a user's public signing key. C2S: client announces key to channel or server. S2C: server relays to channel members. Protocol extension (not in RFC 1459). Body is a structured object (not an array) containing the key material.",
+  "$ref": "../message.json",
+  "properties": {
+    "command": { "const": "PUBKEY" },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick announcing the key (set by server on relay)." },
+    "to": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Target: #channel to announce to channel members, or omit for server-wide announcement."
+    },
+    "body": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "description": "Key material.",
+      "properties": {
+        "alg": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "description": "Key algorithm.",
+          "enum": ["ed25519"]
+        },
+        "key": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "description": "Base64-encoded public key."
+        }
+      },
+      "required": ["alg", "key"],
+      "additionalProperties": false
+    }
+  },
+  "required": ["command", "body"],
+  "examples": [
+    { "command": "PUBKEY", "from": "alice", "body": { "alg": "ed25519", "key": "base64-encoded-pubkey" } },
+    { "command": "PUBKEY", "from": "alice", "to": "#general", "body": { "alg": "ed25519", "key": "base64-encoded-pubkey" } }
+  ]
+}
@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/QUIT.json",
  "title": "QUIT",
-  "description": "A user left the server. A client sends it to end its session. The server sends it to the users who shared a channel with the user who left. RFC 1459 §4.1.6.",
+  "description": "User disconnected. S2C only. RFC 1459 §4.1.6.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "QUIT" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The nick that quit. The server sets it." },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick that quit." },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The reason for leaving. A client may send one as the first string, and the server uses 'Client quit' when it does not. The server always sends one string."
+      "description": "Optional quit reason.",
+      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
-  "required": ["command"],
+  "required": ["command", "from"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "QUIT", "body": ["Gone for the day"] },
-    { "command": "QUIT", "from": "alice", "body": ["Connection closed"] }
+    { "command": "QUIT", "from": "alice", "body": ["Connection reset"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,24 +2,20 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/TOPIC.json",
  "title": "TOPIC",
-  "description": "Set a channel's topic. A client sends it to set the topic. The server sends it to every member of the channel when the topic changes. RFC 1459 §4.2.4.",
+  "description": "Get or set channel topic. C2S: set topic (body present) or query (body absent). S2C: topic change notification. RFC 1459 §4.2.4.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "TOPIC" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The nick that set the topic. The server sets it." },
-    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The channel name. The server adds the # if a client leaves it out.",
-      "pattern": "^#?[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63}$"
-    },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick that changed the topic (S2C)." },
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Channel name.", "pattern": "^#[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$" },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The new topic. The server joins a client's strings with spaces, and sends the topic as one string. [\"\"] clears the topic.",
-      "minItems": 1
+      "description": "New topic text (single-element array). Empty array clears the topic.",
+      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
-  "required": ["command", "to", "body"],
+  "required": ["command", "to"],
  "examples": [
    { "command": "TOPIC", "from": "alice", "to": "#general", "body": ["Welcome to the channel"] }
  ]
@@ -2,55 +2,67 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/message.json",
  "title": "IRC Message Envelope",
-  "description": "Every message in the HTTP API is one JSON object with these fields. Only 'command' is always present.",
+  "description": "Base envelope for all messages. Mirrors IRC wire format (RFC 1459/2812) encoded as JSON over HTTP. The 'command' field carries either an IRC command name (PRIVMSG, JOIN, etc.) or a three-digit numeric reply code (001, 353, 433, etc.).",
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "id": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "uuid",
-      "description": "The message's UUID, which the server assigns. Present on every message the server queues for a client."
+      "description": "Server-assigned message UUID. Present on all server-originated messages."
    },
    "command": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "An IRC command name, such as PRIVMSG, or the name of a numeric reply, such as RPL_WELCOME. The server reads a client's command in any case and sends it in upper case.",
-      "examples": ["PRIVMSG", "JOIN", "RPL_WELCOME", "ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE"]
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "type": "integer",
-      "minimum": 1,
-      "maximum": 999,
-      "description": "The number of a numeric reply, such as 1 for RPL_WELCOME. Absent on other messages."
+      "description": "IRC command name (PRIVMSG, JOIN, NICK, etc.) or three-digit numeric reply code (001, 353, 433, etc.).",
+      "examples": ["PRIVMSG", "JOIN", "001", "353", "433"]
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The sender's nick, or the server name on a numeric reply or a PONG. The server sets it and ignores it from a client."
+      "description": "Source — nick for user messages, server name for server messages. Equivalent to IRC prefix."
    },
    "to": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The target: a channel name, such as #general, or a nick. A WALLOPS has * here."
+      "description": "Target — channel (#name) or nick. Equivalent to first IRC parameter for most commands."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The message's other parameters, in order. KICK events and many numeric replies have it. The server ignores it from a client."
+      "description": "Additional parameters (used primarily by numeric replies). Equivalent to IRC middle parameters."
    },
    "body": {
-      "type": "array",
-      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "An array of strings, never a bare string. In a PRIVMSG or NOTICE, each string is one line of text."
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": { "type": "string" },
+          "description": "Array of strings (one per line for text messages)."
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "description": "Structured data (e.g. PUBKEY key material).",
+          "additionalProperties": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "description": "Message body. MUST be an array or object, never a raw string. Arrays represent lines of text; objects carry structured data. This enables deterministic canonicalization (RFC 8785 JCS) for signing."
    },
    "ts": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "date-time",
-      "description": "The time the server stored the message, as an RFC 3339 time in UTC."
+      "description": "Server-assigned timestamp (ISO 8601). Not present in original IRC; added for HTTP transport."
    },
    "meta": {
      "type": "object",
-      "description": "An object of extra data. Every message the server queues for a client has meta, which is {} when there is none. The server keeps a client's meta only on a PRIVMSG or NOTICE, and relays it unchanged.",
+      "description": "Extensible metadata. Used for signatures (meta.sig, meta.alg), hashes (meta.hash), and client extensions.",
      "properties": {
-        "hashcash": {
+        "sig": {
          "type": "string",
-          "description": "A hashcash stamp. A PRIVMSG to a channel with mode +H needs one."
+          "description": "Base64-encoded cryptographic signature over the canonical message form."
+        },
+        "alg": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "description": "Signature algorithm (e.g. 'ed25519')."
+        },
+        "hash": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "description": "Hash of the canonical message form (e.g. 'sha256:base64...')."
        }
      },
      "additionalProperties": true
@@ -2,45 +2,32 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/001.json",
  "title": "001 RPL_WELCOME",
-  "description": "Welcomes the user. Sent after a session is created, after a login, and in answer to MOTD. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "Welcome message sent after successful session creation. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_WELCOME"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 1
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "001"
    },
    "to": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "description": "Target nick."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'Welcome to the network, ' and the user's nick.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "Welcome text lines."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_WELCOME",
-      "code": 1,
-      "from": "neoirc",
+      "command": "001",
      "to": "alice",
      "body": [
        "Welcome to the network, alice"
@@ -2,48 +2,34 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/002.json",
  "title": "002 RPL_YOURHOST",
-  "description": "The server's name and version. Sent right after RPL_WELCOME. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "Server host info sent after session creation. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_YOURHOST"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 2
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "002"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'Your host is ', the server name, ', running version ' and the version.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "Host info lines."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_YOURHOST",
-      "code": 2,
-      "from": "neoirc",
+      "command": "002",
      "to": "alice",
      "body": [
-        "Your host is neoirc, running version dev"
+        "Your host is neoirc.example.com, running version 0.1.0"
      ]
    }
  ]
@@ -2,45 +2,31 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/003.json",
  "title": "003 RPL_CREATED",
-  "description": "The date the server last started. Sent right after RPL_YOURHOST. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "Server creation date. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_CREATED"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 3
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "003"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'This server was created ' and the start date as YYYY-MM-DD.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "Text lines."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_CREATED",
-      "code": 3,
-      "from": "neoirc",
+      "command": "003",
      "to": "alice",
      "body": [
        "This server was created 2026-02-01"
@@ -2,64 +2,37 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/004.json",
  "title": "004 RPL_MYINFO",
-  "description": "The server's name, its version, and its lists of user and channel modes. Sent right after RPL_CREATED. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "Server info (name, version, available modes). RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_MYINFO"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 4
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "004"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The server name, the version, the user modes 'ow' and the channel modes 'Hbiklmnostv'.",
-      "minItems": 4,
-      "maxItems": 4
-    },
-    "body": {
-      "type": "array",
-      "items": {
-        "type": "string"
-      },
-      "description": "One empty string.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "[server_name, version, user_modes, channel_modes]."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
-    "body"
+    "params"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_MYINFO",
-      "code": 4,
-      "from": "neoirc",
+      "command": "004",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
-        "neoirc",
-        "dev",
-        "ow",
-        "Hbiklmnostv"
-      ],
-      "body": [
-        ""
+        "neoirc.example.com",
+        "0.1.0",
+        "o",
+        "imnst+ov"
      ]
    }
  ]
@@ -2,55 +2,38 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/322.json",
  "title": "322 RPL_LIST",
-  "description": "One channel in the answer to LIST. The answer has one per channel, except a secret channel, one with mode +s, that the user is not on. RFC 1459 §6.2.",
+  "description": "Channel list entry. One per channel in response to LIST. RFC 1459 \u00a76.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_LIST"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 322
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "322"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name and its number of members.",
-      "minItems": 2,
-      "maxItems": 2
+      "description": "[channel, visible_count]."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: the channel's topic, empty when it has none.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "Channel topic."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
-    "body"
+    "params"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_LIST",
-      "code": 322,
-      "from": "neoirc",
+      "command": "322",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "#general",
@@ -2,49 +2,26 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/323.json",
  "title": "323 RPL_LISTEND",
-  "description": "The end of the answer to LIST. RFC 1459 §6.2.",
+  "description": "End of channel list. RFC 1459 \u00a76.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_LISTEND"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 323
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "323"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'End of /LIST'.",
-      "minItems": 1,
+      "description": "End of /LIST",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
-    "to",
-    "body"
-  ],
-  "examples": [
-    {
-      "command": "RPL_LISTEND",
-      "code": 323,
-      "from": "neoirc",
-      "to": "alice",
-      "body": [
-        "End of /LIST"
-      ]
-    }
+    "to"
  ]
 }
@@ -2,55 +2,39 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/332.json",
  "title": "332 RPL_TOPIC",
-  "description": "A channel's topic. Sent to a client after it sets the topic, and after it joins a channel that has one. Also sent for each of a session's channels that has one after a login, and for GET /api/v1/state?initChannelState=1. RFC 1459 §6.2.",
+  "description": "Channel topic (sent on JOIN or TOPIC query). RFC 1459 \u00a76.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_TOPIC"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 332
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "332"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "[channel]."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: the topic.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "Topic text."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
    "params",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_TOPIC",
-      "code": 332,
-      "from": "neoirc",
+      "command": "332",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "#general"
@@ -2,62 +2,46 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/353.json",
  "title": "353 RPL_NAMREPLY",
-  "description": "A channel's members. Sent to a client after it joins a channel, and in answer to NAMES. Also sent for each of a session's channels after a login, and for GET /api/v1/state?initChannelState=1. RFC 1459 §6.2.",
+  "description": "Channel member list. Sent on JOIN or NAMES query. RFC 1459 \u00a76.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_NAMREPLY"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 353
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "353"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "'=' and the channel name. The server always sends '='.",
-      "minItems": 2,
-      "maxItems": 2
+      "description": "[channel_type, channel]. channel_type: = (public), * (private), @ (secret)."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: the members as nick!user@host, separated by spaces. '@' comes before a channel operator and '+' before a voiced member. The host is '*' when the server does not know it.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "Space-separated list of nicks. Prefixed with @ for ops, + for voiced."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
    "params",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_NAMREPLY",
-      "code": 353,
-      "from": "neoirc",
+      "command": "353",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "=",
        "#general"
      ],
      "body": [
-        "@op1!op1@host1 alice!alice@host2 +bob!bob@host3"
+        "@op1 alice bob +voiced1"
      ]
    }
  ]
@@ -2,62 +2,34 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/366.json",
  "title": "366 RPL_ENDOFNAMES",
-  "description": "The end of a channel's member list. It comes after the RPL_NAMREPLY for the channel. RFC 1459 §6.2.",
+  "description": "End of NAMES list. RFC 1459 \u00a76.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_ENDOFNAMES"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 366
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "366"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "[channel]."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'End of /NAMES list'.",
-      "minItems": 1,
+      "description": "End of /NAMES list",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
-    "body"
-  ],
-  "examples": [
-    {
-      "command": "RPL_ENDOFNAMES",
-      "code": 366,
-      "from": "neoirc",
-      "to": "alice",
-      "params": [
-        "#general"
-      ],
-      "body": [
-        "End of /NAMES list"
-      ]
-    }
+    "params"
  ]
 }
@@ -2,45 +2,31 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/372.json",
  "title": "372 RPL_MOTD",
-  "description": "One line of the message of the day. The server sends one per line, after RPL_MOTDSTART. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "MOTD line. One message per line of the MOTD. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_MOTD"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 372
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "372"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: '- ' and the line.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "MOTD line text (prefixed with '- ')."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_MOTD",
-      "code": 372,
-      "from": "neoirc",
+      "command": "372",
      "to": "alice",
      "body": [
        "- Welcome to our server!"
@@ -2,49 +2,25 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/375.json",
  "title": "375 RPL_MOTDSTART",
-  "description": "The start of the message of the day. Sent after RPL_LUSERME (255) when the server has a message of the day. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "Start of MOTD. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_MOTDSTART"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 375
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "375"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: '- ', the server name and ' Message of the Day -'.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "Text lines."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
-    "to",
-    "body"
-  ],
-  "examples": [
-    {
-      "command": "RPL_MOTDSTART",
-      "code": 375,
-      "from": "neoirc",
-      "to": "alice",
-      "body": [
-        "- neoirc Message of the Day -"
-      ]
-    }
+    "to"
  ]
 }
@@ -2,49 +2,26 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/376.json",
  "title": "376 RPL_ENDOFMOTD",
-  "description": "The end of the message of the day. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "End of MOTD. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_ENDOFMOTD"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 376
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "376"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'End of /MOTD command.'.",
-      "minItems": 1,
+      "description": "End of /MOTD command",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
-    "to",
-    "body"
-  ],
-  "examples": [
-    {
-      "command": "RPL_ENDOFMOTD",
-      "code": 376,
-      "from": "neoirc",
-      "to": "alice",
-      "body": [
-        "End of /MOTD command."
-      ]
-    }
+    "to"
  ]
 }
@@ -2,61 +2,45 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/401.json",
  "title": "401 ERR_NOSUCHNICK",
-  "description": "No user has that nick. RFC 1459 §6.1.",
+  "description": "No such nick/channel. RFC 1459 \u00a76.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "ERR_NOSUCHNICK"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 401
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "401"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The nick that was not found.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "[target_nick]."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'No such nick' in answer to a PRIVMSG or NOTICE, and 'No such nick/channel' in answer to anything else.",
-      "minItems": 1,
+      "description": "No such nick/channel",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
-    "body"
+    "params"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "ERR_NOSUCHNICK",
-      "code": 401,
-      "from": "neoirc",
+      "command": "401",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "bob"
      ],
      "body": [
-        "No such nick"
+        "No such nick/channel"
      ]
    }
  ]
@@ -2,55 +2,39 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/403.json",
  "title": "403 ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL",
-  "description": "No channel has that name. A JOIN with a channel name that the server does not allow gets it too. RFC 1459 §6.1.",
+  "description": "No such channel. RFC 1459 \u00a76.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 403
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "403"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "[channel_name]."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'No such channel'.",
-      "minItems": 1,
+      "description": "No such channel",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
-    "body"
+    "params"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL",
-      "code": 403,
-      "from": "neoirc",
+      "command": "403",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "#nonexistent"
@@ -2,58 +2,42 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/433.json",
  "title": "433 ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE",
-  "description": "Another user has the nick. Sent in answer to a NICK. RFC 1459 §6.1.",
+  "description": "Nickname is already in use. RFC 1459 \u00a76.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 433
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "433"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick, which has not changed."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The nick that was asked for.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "[requested_nick]."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'Nickname is already in use'.",
-      "minItems": 1,
+      "description": "Nickname is already in use",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
-    "body"
+    "params"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE",
-      "code": 433,
-      "from": "neoirc",
-      "to": "alice",
+      "command": "433",
+      "to": "*",
      "params": [
-        "bob"
+        "alice"
      ],
      "body": [
        "Nickname is already in use"
@@ -2,62 +2,34 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/442.json",
  "title": "442 ERR_NOTONCHANNEL",
-  "description": "The user is not on that channel. RFC 1459 §6.1.",
+  "description": "You're not on that channel. RFC 1459 \u00a76.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "ERR_NOTONCHANNEL"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 442
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "442"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "[channel]."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'You're not on that channel'.",
-      "minItems": 1,
+      "description": "You're not on that channel",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
-    "body"
-  ],
-  "examples": [
-    {
-      "command": "ERR_NOTONCHANNEL",
-      "code": 442,
-      "from": "neoirc",
-      "to": "alice",
-      "params": [
-        "#general"
-      ],
-      "body": [
-        "You're not on that channel"
-      ]
-    }
+    "params"
  ]
 }
@@ -2,62 +2,34 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/482.json",
  "title": "482 ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED",
-  "description": "The user is not a channel operator, and the command needs one. RFC 1459 §6.1.",
+  "description": "You're not channel operator. RFC 1459 \u00a76.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED"
-    },
-    "code": {
-      "const": 482
-    },
-    "from": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The server name."
+      "const": "482"
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "type": "string"
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name.",
-      "minItems": 1,
-      "maxItems": 1
+      "description": "[channel]."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'You're not channel operator'.",
-      "minItems": 1,
+      "description": "You're not channel operator",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
-    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
-    "body"
-  ],
-  "examples": [
-    {
-      "command": "ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED",
-      "code": 482,
-      "from": "neoirc",
-      "to": "alice",
-      "params": [
-        "#general"
-      ],
-      "body": [
-        "You're not channel operator"
-      ]
-    }
+    "params"
  ]
 }