Describe the signature scheme in docs/FORMAT.md as the code builds it (closes #187)

The Signature Scheme section now states what signatureString builds: the
magic, the outer uuid as lower-case hex with no hyphens, and the outer
sha256 as the lower-case hex of its multihash, which starts 1220, with an
example string taken from a run of the code. It says signer is the
upper-case hex fingerprint of the signing primary key and that a signature
is stored only in the manifest. The mf.proto comments on fields 201 to 203
say the same, and mf.pb.go is regenerated. A new test pins the example
string. Nothing about what is signed or how changes.

Model: opus-5-5

docs/FORMAT.md

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ The outer message contains:
 | `sha256`          | 104    | bytes            | SHA-256 hash of the **compressed** `innerMessage` (corruption detection) |
 | `uuid`            | 105    | bytes            | Random v4 UUID; must match the inner message UUID                        |
 | `innerMessage`    | 199    | bytes            | Zstd-compressed serialized `MFFile` message                              |
-| `signature`       | 201    | bytes (optional) | OpenPGP detached signature (ASCII-armored or binary)                     |
-| `signer`          | 202    | bytes (optional) | Fingerprint of the signing key                                           |
+| `signature`       | 201    | bytes (optional) | One OpenPGP signature over the canonical string, armored or binary       |
+| `signer`          | 202    | bytes (optional) | Fingerprint of the signing primary key, in upper-case hex                |
 | `signingPubKey`   | 203    | bytes (optional) | Full OpenPGP public key of the signing key (ASCII-armored or binary)     |
 
 ### SHA-256 Hash
@@ -128,34 +128,51 @@ Implementations must be able to verify SHA-256 multihashes at minimum.
 
 ## Signature Scheme
 
-Signing is optional. When present, the signature covers a canonical string
-constructed as:
+Signing is optional. A signature is stored only in the outer message's
+`signature` field, never in a separate file. It is one OpenPGP signature over
+the canonical string below, armored or binary, and does not contain the string,
+which a verifier builds again from the outer message.
+
+The canonical string is three parts separated by hyphens (`-`):
 
 ```
 ZNAVSRFG-<UUID>-<SHA256>
 ```
 
-Where:
+- `ZNAVSRFG` is the magic, in ASCII.
+- `<UUID>` is the 16 bytes of the outer message's `uuid` as 32 lower-case hex
+  digits, with no hyphens.
+- `<SHA256>` is the lower-case hex of the outer message's `sha256` encoded as a
+  SHA-256 multihash (see Hash Format). That multihash is the algorithm code
+  `0x12`, the digest length `0x20` and the 32 bytes of the hash, so this part is
+  68 hex digits starting `1220`.
 
-- `ZNAVSRFG` is the magic bytes string (literal ASCII)
-- `<UUID>` is the hex-encoded UUID from the outer message
-- `<SHA256>` is the hex-encoded SHA-256 hash from the outer message (covering
-  compressed data)
+The signature covers exactly the 110 ASCII characters of the string, with no
+line ending. For example, the UUID `b0fb6918-6298-443b-ada2-1b162f4dc0b3` and a
+`sha256` of `e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855`
+in hex give this canonical string:
 
-Components are separated by hyphens. The signature is an OpenPGP detached
-signature over this canonical string, stored in the `signature` field of the
-outer message. The signing key's public key goes in `signingPubKey` and its
-fingerprint, in hex, in `signer`.
+```
+ZNAVSRFG-b0fb69186298443bada21b162f4dc0b3-1220e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855
+```
+
+The signature covers `innerMessage` only through `sha256`, so a verifier checks
+`sha256` against `innerMessage` (see SHA-256 Hash) as well as the signature.
+
+The signing key's public key goes in `signingPubKey` and the fingerprint of its
+primary key, in upper-case hex, in `signer`. The reference implementation signs
+only with version 4 keys, whose fingerprints are 40 hex digits, and writes both
+the signature and the public key armored.
 
 A verifier accepts a signed manifest only if `signingPubKey` holds exactly one
 primary key, `signature` is one good signature over the canonical string made by
-that key (or one of its subkeys), and `signer` is that key's fingerprint. The
-reference implementation refuses to load a manifest that fails these checks;
-`check` and `fetch` given `--require-signature` then compare the required
-fingerprint with `signer`. It also refuses a manifest whose `signingPubKey`
-holds a DSA key or subkey, or any secret key or subkey, since checking the
-self-signatures of a DSA key or the numbers of a secret key can take hours when
-those numbers are very large.
+that key (or one of its subkeys), and `signer` is that primary key's
+fingerprint, compared without regard to case. The reference implementation
+refuses to load a manifest that fails these checks; `check` and `fetch` given
+`--require-signature` then compare the required fingerprint with `signer`. It
+also refuses a manifest whose `signingPubKey` holds a DSA key or subkey, or any
+secret key or subkey, since checking the self-signatures of a DSA key or the
+numbers of a secret key can take hours when those numbers are very large.
 
 ## Deterministic Serialization
 

mfer/manifest_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//nolint:testpackage // white-box tests exercise unexported internals
+package mfer
+
+import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"testing"
+	"uuid"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestSignatureString checks the canonical string for the UUID and sha256
+// of the example in the Signature Scheme section of docs/FORMAT.md, which
+// shows the same string.
+func TestSignatureString(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	manifestUUID := uuid.MustParse("b0fb6918-6298-443b-ada2-1b162f4dc0b3")
+	sha256Hash, err := hex.DecodeString(
+		"e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	m := &manifest{pbOuter: &MFFileOuter{Uuid: manifestUUID[:], Sha256: sha256Hash}}
+
+	got, err := m.signatureString()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ZNAVSRFG-b0fb69186298443bada21b162f4dc0b3-"+
+		"1220e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", got)
+}

mfer/mf.pb.go

@@ -223,11 +223,14 @@ type MFFileOuter struct {
 	// uuid must match the uuid in the inner message
 	Uuid         []byte `protobuf:"bytes,105,opt,name=uuid,proto3" json:"uuid,omitempty"`
 	InnerMessage []byte `protobuf:"bytes,199,opt,name=innerMessage,proto3" json:"innerMessage,omitempty"`
-	//detached signature, ascii or binary
+	// one OpenPGP signature, armored or binary, over the canonical string
+	// ZNAVSRFG-<uuid>-<multihash of sha256>, with the uuid and the
+	// multihash in lower-case hex (see docs/FORMAT.md). A signature is
+	// never stored anywhere else.
 	Signature []byte `protobuf:"bytes,201,opt,name=signature,proto3,oneof" json:"signature,omitempty"`
-	//full GPG key id
+	// fingerprint of the signing primary key, in upper-case hex
 	Signer []byte `protobuf:"bytes,202,opt,name=signer,proto3,oneof" json:"signer,omitempty"`
-	//full GPG signing public key, ascii or binary
+	// OpenPGP public key of the signer, one primary key, armored or binary
 	SigningPubKey []byte `protobuf:"bytes,203,opt,name=signingPubKey,proto3,oneof" json:"signingPubKey,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache

mfer/mf.proto

@@ -32,15 +32,17 @@ message MFFileOuter {
     bytes uuid = 105;
 
     bytes innerMessage = 199;
-    // 2xx for optional manifest root attributes
-    // think we might use gosignify instead of gpg:
-    // github.com/frankbraun/gosignify
 
-    //detached signature, ascii or binary
+    // 2xx for optional manifest root attributes
+
+    // one OpenPGP signature, armored or binary, over the canonical string
+    // ZNAVSRFG-<uuid>-<multihash of sha256>, with the uuid and the
+    // multihash in lower-case hex (see docs/FORMAT.md). A signature is
+    // never stored anywhere else.
     optional bytes signature = 201;
-    //full GPG key id
+    // fingerprint of the signing primary key, in upper-case hex
     optional bytes signer = 202;
-    //full GPG signing public key, ascii or binary
+    // OpenPGP public key of the signer, one primary key, armored or binary
     optional bytes signingPubKey = 203;
 }
 

mfer/mf.proto.sha256

@@ -1 +1 @@
-3d4dcb0b2f4640dd3ae6bb48b833e9f26ae9771e2d3e88bd646e7f1724dda654  mf.proto
+1304a5d944dc272e07b01b2b74c7fdfd3a478ff75efe9f5978cb2d513a5063bc  mf.proto