cibuild: run checks on unchanged trees via CHECK_EPOCH (closes #89)

A bare `docker build .` keyed `make fmt-check-go`, `make lint`, the
prettier check, and `make test` on the build context, so on an unchanged
tree every check layer was a cache hit: the build exited 0 in under a
second having run none of them.

Add `ARG CHECK_EPOCH` immediately above the first check RUN in all three
check stages (lint, mdfmt, builder), and have script/cibuild pass a fresh
`--build-arg CHECK_EPOCH` each run. The changing value busts the cache from
that point down, while `go mod download` and `yarn install` above it stay
cached, so the build does not regress to cold. The false claim in
script/cibuild's header comment is corrected.

Running the checks for real surfaces the pre-existing intermittent
internal/cli test timeout (the gpg-subprocess flake in #62 / #67); that
defect is out of scope here.

Model: opus-4-8

script/cibuild

@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
 #!/bin/sh
-# script/cibuild: run the CI build. The Dockerfile runs script/check
-# (via make check), so a successful build implies all checks pass.
-# Generic: needs no adaptation. The Gitea workflow runs this on push.
+# script/cibuild: run the CI build. The Dockerfile runs make fmt-check-go,
+# make lint, the prettier check, and make test as build steps. A bare
+# `docker build .` would serve those steps from Docker's layer cache on an
+# unchanged tree, exiting 0 without running them. CHECK_EPOCH is a build
+# arg placed above the check steps in every check stage; passing a fresh
+# value each run busts the cache for those steps (and nothing above them),
+# so a green build means the checks actually ran. Dependency layers above
+# the arg stay cached. The Gitea workflow runs this on push.
 set -eu
 
 ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd -P)"
 
 main() {
     cd "$ROOT"
-    docker build .
+    docker build --build-arg CHECK_EPOCH="$(date +%s)" .
 }
 
 main "$@"