build: update golangci-lint to v2.12.2 with new canonical v2 config

Pin golangci-lint to commit c0d3ddc9cf3faa61a4e378e879ece580256d76e5
(v2.12.2) in Dockerfile and script/bootstrap.

Replace .golangci.yml with a v2-schema migration of the canonical
config, produced with golangci-lint migrate (owner-authorized; the
same file becomes the new org-wide canonical via a prompts-repo PR).
Lint settings now live under linters.settings, so the lll, funlen,
cyclop, and dupl thresholds are actually applied. The deprecated
gomodguard linter is disabled in favor of gomodguard_v2, resolving
the v2.12 deprecation warning. Deliberate delta from the migrate
output: the gci formatter is not enabled because its default two-group
import ordering conflicts with the repo's stdlib/third-party/local
import style that script/fmt (gofmt + goimports) produces.

Fix all findings surfaced by the now-active thresholds:

- goconst: shared constants for repeated status, priority, and DNS
  fixture strings in watcher.go and the notify, state, and watcher
  tests
- dupl: consolidate duplicated ntfy/slack HTTP-error tests and
  SendNotification endpoint-error tests behind shared helpers
- lll: wrap long test table entries and comments; shorten one inline
  nolint justification

.golangci.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 version: "2"
 
-# Config schema uses the golangci-lint v2 layout (settings live under
-# linters.settings, not top-level linters-settings) so that the
-# thresholds below are actually applied by golangci-lint >= v2.
-
 run:
   timeout: 5m
   modules-download-mode: readonly
@@ -16,6 +12,7 @@ linters:
     - depguard         # Dependency allow/block lists
     - godot            # Requires comments to end with periods
     - wsl              # Deprecated, replaced by wsl_v5
+    - gomodguard       # Deprecated, replaced by gomodguard_v2
     - wrapcheck        # Too verbose for internal packages
     - varnamelen       # Short names like db, id are idiomatic Go
   settings:
@@ -28,7 +25,25 @@ linters:
       max-complexity: 15
     dupl:
       threshold: 100
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$
 
 issues:
   max-issues-per-linter: 0
   max-same-issues: 0
+
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gofmt
+    - gofumpt
+    - goimports
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$

TODO.md

@@ -26,13 +26,11 @@ confirm make check still passes.
 # Completed Steps
 
 - 2026-08-07: golangci-lint bumped to v2.12.2 (commit-pinned installs
-  in `Dockerfile` and `script/bootstrap`); `.golangci.yml` set to the
-  org-standard v2-schema config used across the org's repos
-  (owner-authorized; same file is being landed as canonical via prompts
-  PR #24), with settings under `linters.settings` so the
-  lll/funlen/cyclop/dupl thresholds apply; fixed the resulting
-  `goconst`, `dupl`, and `lll` findings; the informational `gomodguard`
-  deprecation warning under this config is accepted
+  in `Dockerfile` and `script/bootstrap`); `.golangci.yml` migrated to
+  the v2 schema (owner-authorized; becomes the new org canonical), so
+  the lll/funlen/cyclop/dupl thresholds now apply; deprecated
+  `gomodguard` disabled in favor of `gomodguard_v2`; fixed the
+  resulting `goconst`, `dupl`, and `lll` findings
 - 2026-07-07 Adopted scripts-to-rule-them-all: `script/` entrypoints,
   Makefile shims, README Entrypoints section
 - 2026-02-20: iterative DNS resolver implemented; tests made hermetic