fix: render the view "Back" lands on after the popup is reopened (closes #268)

The provider rebuilt every rejection as a bare Error carrying only a message,
so a dApp checking err.code === 4001 saw undefined and could not tell a user's
deliberate refusal from a failure. Well-behaved sites therefore showed an error
or retried instead of accepting the refusal. The code was produced correctly
and did cross the extension boundary; it was lost in the last hop.

Rejections now reach the page as a ProviderRpcError carrying code, and data
where present. The code is passed through verbatim rather than matched against
a whitelist, so a code added upstream later needs no change here. An error that
genuinely has no code stays a plain Error with no code property at all, rather
than advertising code: undefined -- 'code' in err is what a careful dApp asks.

Messages are unchanged for every path, verified byte-for-byte against the
previous provider across every background error shape.

The end-to-end assertion that printed the observed code now requires it.

README.md

@@ -638,6 +638,21 @@ ExportPrivKey and ShowRecoveryPhrase — are deliberately absent from that list,
 so the popup can never reopen onto one of them with no password prompt in front
 of it.
 
+A reopened popup renders the wallet list and the one screen it restores onto,
+and nothing else, so every screen on the stack behind that one is still the
+blank template from `index.html`. "Back" therefore renders its target rather
+than only unhiding it, through the same dispatch and data guards as the restore
+(`src/popup/viewRouter.js`), and falls back to Home when the state the target
+would render is gone.
+
+It renders only a screen this page load has not rendered yet. Forward navigation
+renders as it goes, and `viewRouter.js` records every screen that reaches
+`showView()`, so "Back" onto a screen already on the page unhides it and nothing
+more — rendering it a second time would re-fetch and overwrite what it holds,
+such as an edit typed into Settings and not yet saved. Home is the one screen
+"Back" always re-renders, so the wallet list reflects anything that changed
+while the user was away from it.
+
 Every screen that holds secret material in the page registers a cleanup with
 `onViewLeave()` (`src/popup/views/helpers.js`), which `showView()` runs on every
 exit from that screen rather than only on its "Back" button, so nothing secret

TODO.md

@@ -45,6 +45,37 @@ undefined identifiers, which is how
 
 # Completed Steps
 
+- 2026-08-12: EIP-1193 error codes now reach the page. `src/content/inpage.js`
+  rebuilt every failure as `new Error(error.message)`, so the code the
+  background produced and the content script relayed intact was dropped in the
+  last hop and a dApp checking `err.code === 4001` saw `undefined` — a wallet
+  the user deliberately declined was indistinguishable from one that broke. The
+  provider now rejects with a `ProviderRpcError` carrying `code` and, where the
+  boundary sent one, `data`, passed through verbatim rather than matched against
+  a list, so 4001, 4100 and 4902 all arrive and a future code needs no edit
+  here. An error the background sent with no code stays a plain `Error` with no
+  `code` property, and `message` is unchanged in every case. All four request
+  entry points (`request`, `enable`, `send`, `sendAsync`) are covered by
+  `tests/inpageErrors.test.js`, and the e2e probe that printed the missing code
+  now requires it on the page's Error as well as on the wire, for all four
+  rejected flows ([#274](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/274)).
+- 2026-08-12: "Back" now renders the screen it lands on instead of only unhiding
+  it. A reopened popup renders the wallet list and the one screen it restores
+  onto, so every screen further down the stack was still the blank template from
+  `index.html`, and Back walked straight onto it — an empty address, no
+  balances, no QR code. The Back path now goes through the same per-view
+  dispatch and data guards as the restore (`src/popup/viewRouter.js`, shared
+  with `restoreView()`), falling back to Home when the state the target would
+  render is gone. It renders only a view this page load has not rendered yet:
+  `viewRouter.js` records every view that reaches `showView()`, which is where
+  forward navigation and the restore both end, so Back onto a view already on
+  the page unhides it and nothing more. That is what keeps a second render from
+  re-fetching and overwriting what the view holds — an unsaved edit in Settings,
+  a transaction list already loaded. Home is the exception and is always
+  re-rendered, as it was before. Covered by unit tests on the real `goBack()`
+  and by three end-to-end cases against the real popup, each demonstrated
+  failing on the unfixed build
+  ([#268](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/268)).
 - 2026-08-12: `KNOWN_SYMBOLS` now maps a symbol to the set of contract addresses
   that bear it, not to one of them. A ticker is not unique: seven of the 512
   bundled tokens — `FRAX`, `REUSD`, `TON`, `EURE`, `MSUSD`, `MUSD` and `JPYC` —

src/content/inpage.js

@@ -11,6 +11,39 @@
     let nextId = 1;
     const pending = {};
 
+    // EIP-1193 ProviderRpcError: `code`, `message`, optional `data`. A class
+    // rather than properties bolted onto an Error because this object crosses
+    // no boundary after construction — it is built in the page's own realm and
+    // handed straight to the caller's catch — so the prototype survives and
+    // `error.name` is a stable thing for a dApp to see.
+    class ProviderRpcError extends Error {
+        constructor(code, message, data) {
+            super(message);
+            this.name = "ProviderRpcError";
+            this.code = code;
+            if (data !== undefined) this.data = data;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Rebuild a boundary error as the error the page catches, carrying the
+    // code (and data) the extension reported. Without this a dApp cannot tell
+    // a user's refusal (4001) from a wallet that broke, and retries or shows
+    // an error instead of accepting the refusal.
+    //
+    // Whatever code arrived is passed through verbatim rather than being
+    // matched against a list: the extension emits 4001, 4100 and 4902 today,
+    // and a code this file has never heard of is still the truth about what
+    // happened. An error reported with no code at all stays a plain Error —
+    // a ProviderRpcError whose `code` is undefined would advertise a
+    // conformance it does not have. `message` is untouched in every case.
+    function toPageError(error) {
+        const message = (error && error.message) || "Request failed";
+        if (error && error.code !== undefined && error.code !== null) {
+            return new ProviderRpcError(error.code, message, error.data);
+        }
+        return new Error(message);
+    }
+
     // Listen for responses from the content script
     window.addEventListener("message", function onUuid(event) {
         if (event.source !== window) return;
@@ -20,7 +53,7 @@
         if (!p) return;
         delete pending[id];
         if (error) {
-            p.reject(new Error(error.message || "Request failed"));
+            p.reject(toPageError(error));
         } else {
             p.resolve(result);
         }

src/popup/index.js

@@ -9,16 +9,17 @@ const {
     $,
     showView,
     updateDebugBanner,
-    setRenderMain,
+    setBackRenderer,
     pushCurrentView,
     goBack,
     clearViewStack,
 } = require("./views/helpers");
 const { applyTheme } = require("./theme");
-// Views that can be fully re-rendered from persisted state. All others fall
-// back to the nearest restorable parent; see the module for why the
-// secret-bearing views are absent.
-const { RESTORABLE_VIEWS } = require("./restorableViews");
+// Renders a view the popup lands on without having navigated to it forward:
+// on restore here, and on Back. Only the views that can be fully re-rendered
+// from persisted state (RESTORABLE_VIEWS, src/popup/restorableViews.js) go
+// through it; anything else falls back to the nearest restorable parent.
+const { renderView, makeBackRenderer } = require("./viewRouter");
 
 const home = require("./views/home");
 const welcome = require("./views/welcome");
@@ -108,91 +109,22 @@ const ctx = {
     },
 };
 
-function needsAddress(view) {
-    return (
-        view === "address" ||
-        view === "address-token" ||
-        view === "receive" ||
-        view === "transaction"
-    );
-}
-
-function hasValidAddress() {
-    return (
-        state.selectedWallet !== null &&
-        state.selectedAddress !== null &&
-        state.wallets[state.selectedWallet] &&
-        state.wallets[state.selectedWallet].addresses[state.selectedAddress]
-    );
-}
+// The view modules the router renders through, keyed as it expects them.
+const viewModules = {
+    main: { show: () => fallbackView() },
+    addressDetail,
+    addressToken,
+    receive,
+    settings,
+    settingsAddToken,
+    confirmTx,
+    transactionDetail,
+    txStatus,
+};
 
 function restoreView() {
-    const view = state.currentView;
-    if (!view || !RESTORABLE_VIEWS.has(view)) {
-        return fallbackView();
-    }
-
-    if (needsAddress(view) && !hasValidAddress()) {
-        return fallbackView();
-    }
-
-    if (view === "address-token" && !state.selectedToken) {
-        return fallbackView();
-    }
-
-    switch (view) {
-        case "address":
-            addressDetail.show();
-            break;
-        case "address-token":
-            addressToken.show();
-            break;
-        case "receive":
-            receive.show();
-            break;
-        case "settings":
-            settings.show();
-            break;
-        case "settings-addtoken":
-            settingsAddToken.show();
-            break;
-        case "confirm-tx":
-            if (state.viewData && state.viewData.pendingTx) {
-                confirmTx.restore();
-            } else {
-                fallbackView();
-            }
-            break;
-        case "transaction":
-            if (state.viewData && state.viewData.tx) {
-                transactionDetail.render();
-            } else {
-                fallbackView();
-            }
-            break;
-        case "wait-tx":
-            // Resumes the receipt poll from the persisted broadcast time.
-            if (!txStatus.restoreWait()) {
-                fallbackView();
-            }
-            break;
-        case "success-tx":
-            if (state.viewData && state.viewData.hash) {
-                txStatus.renderSuccess();
-            } else {
-                fallbackView();
-            }
-            break;
-        case "error-tx":
-            if (state.viewData && state.viewData.message) {
-                txStatus.renderError();
-            } else {
-                fallbackView();
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            fallbackView();
-            break;
+    if (!renderView(state.currentView, state, viewModules)) {
+        fallbackView();
     }
 }
 
@@ -247,7 +179,7 @@ async function init() {
         settings.show();
     });
 
-    setRenderMain(renderWalletList);
+    setBackRenderer(makeBackRenderer(state, viewModules));
 
     welcome.init(ctx);
     addWallet.init(ctx);

src/popup/viewRouter.js

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Rendering a view the popup lands on without having navigated to it
+// forward: on restore, and on Back. In both cases the view may never have
+// been rendered in this page load — a reopened popup renders only the
+// wallet list and the view it restores onto, so every other view is still
+// the blank static template from index.html — so unhiding it is not enough.
+//
+// Forward navigation renders as it goes and must NOT come through here:
+// rendering a second time would re-fetch and clobber whatever the view has
+// in flight.
+//
+// The view modules are injected and nothing here touches the DOM, so the
+// dispatch and its data guards can be tested directly; src/popup/index.js
+// cannot be required outside a browser.
+
+const { RESTORABLE_VIEWS } = require("./restorableViews");
+
+// The views this page load has rendered.
+//
+// The Back path cannot otherwise tell its two cases apart. A view the popup
+// never rendered is still the blank template from index.html and has to be
+// rendered; a view already on the page must NOT be rendered again, because
+// a second render re-fetches and overwrites whatever the user has typed
+// into it and not yet saved.
+//
+// Registration is showView() in views/helpers.js, which is the last thing
+// every render path runs — restoreView()'s, the Back path's, and every
+// forward show(). That is the point of putting it there rather than in the
+// individual views: a view added later registers itself with no one having
+// to remember it, so this cannot decay.
+//
+// Module scope is page-load scope: the popup loads this module once per
+// page load, and a reopened popup gets a fresh, empty set — which is
+// exactly the state that makes the Back path render.
+const renderedViews = new Set();
+
+function markViewRendered(view) {
+    if (view) renderedViews.add(view);
+}
+
+// Begin a fresh page-load scope. The popup gets one by being loaded; the
+// unit tests, which simulate several page loads against one module
+// instance, ask for one.
+function resetRenderedViews() {
+    renderedViews.clear();
+}
+
+// Home is the exception: Back re-renders it every time, which is what the
+// popup did before this router existed (index.js registered
+// renderWalletList() as setRenderMain(), and goBack() called it on every
+// Back onto "main"). It must stay that way — the wallet list has to reflect
+// what changed while the user was away from it, such as a wallet renamed or
+// an address removed in Settings — and Home holds no unsaved input to lose.
+const ALWAYS_RENDER_ON_BACK = new Set(["main"]);
+
+// Views that render an address the user picked and cannot be rendered
+// without one.
+const ADDRESS_VIEWS = new Set([
+    "address",
+    "address-token",
+    "receive",
+    "transaction",
+]);
+
+function needsAddress(view) {
+    return ADDRESS_VIEWS.has(view);
+}
+
+function hasValidAddress(state) {
+    return Boolean(
+        state.selectedWallet !== null &&
+        state.selectedAddress !== null &&
+        state.wallets[state.selectedWallet] &&
+        state.wallets[state.selectedWallet].addresses[state.selectedAddress],
+    );
+}
+
+// Render `view` from persisted state. Each view module shows itself, so a
+// true return means the view is both rendered and on screen.
+//
+// Returns false when the view is not one the popup renders from state, or
+// when the state it would render is gone — a token no longer selected, a
+// transaction no longer persisted. The caller falls back rather than
+// putting an empty template on screen.
+function renderView(view, state, views) {
+    if (!view || !RESTORABLE_VIEWS.has(view)) return false;
+    if (needsAddress(view) && !hasValidAddress(state)) return false;
+    if (view === "address-token" && !state.selectedToken) return false;
+
+    const data = state.viewData || {};
+    switch (view) {
+        case "main":
+            views.main.show();
+            return true;
+        case "address":
+            views.addressDetail.show();
+            return true;
+        case "address-token":
+            views.addressToken.show();
+            return true;
+        case "receive":
+            views.receive.show();
+            return true;
+        case "settings":
+            views.settings.show();
+            return true;
+        case "settings-addtoken":
+            views.settingsAddToken.show();
+            return true;
+        case "confirm-tx":
+            if (!data.pendingTx) return false;
+            views.confirmTx.restore();
+            return true;
+        case "transaction":
+            if (!data.tx) return false;
+            views.transactionDetail.render();
+            return true;
+        case "wait-tx":
+            // Resumes the receipt poll from the persisted broadcast time,
+            // and answers false when there is nothing resumable left.
+            return Boolean(views.txStatus.restoreWait());
+        case "success-tx":
+            if (!data.hash) return false;
+            views.txStatus.renderSuccess();
+            return true;
+        case "error-tx":
+            if (!data.message) return false;
+            views.txStatus.renderError();
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+// The Back-path renderer, registered with setBackRenderer() in
+// views/helpers.js.
+//
+// Returns false — leaving goBack() to unhide the view, as it always did —
+// in the two cases where the view is known to be on the page already:
+//
+//   - It is not one the popup renders from persisted state. The restored
+//     stack is filtered against RESTORABLE_VIEWS, so such a view can only
+//     be on the stack from this page load, where forward navigation
+//     rendered it on the way in.
+//   - This page load has rendered it. Re-rendering would re-fetch and
+//     clobber what it holds; Home is rendered anyway, see above.
+//
+// What is left is the case the router exists for: a view on the stack that
+// this page load has never rendered, whose template is still blank.
+function makeBackRenderer(state, views) {
+    return function renderBack(view) {
+        if (!RESTORABLE_VIEWS.has(view)) return false;
+        if (renderedViews.has(view) && !ALWAYS_RENDER_ON_BACK.has(view)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!renderView(view, state, views)) {
+            views.main.show();
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+    renderView,
+    makeBackRenderer,
+    markViewRendered,
+    resetRenderedViews,
+};

src/popup/views/helpers.js

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ const {
     getAddressValueUsd,
 } = require("../../shared/prices");
 const { state, saveState, currentNetwork } = require("../../shared/state");
+const { markViewRendered } = require("../viewRouter");
 
 // When views are added, removed, or transitions between them change,
 // update the view-navigation documentation in README.md to match.
@@ -76,6 +77,10 @@ function showView(name) {
     }
     clearFlash();
     state.currentView = name;
+    // A view's show() ends here, so this is where the Back path learns the
+    // view is no longer the blank template from index.html and must not be
+    // rendered a second time. See viewRouter.js.
+    markViewRendered(name);
     saveState();
     updateDebugBanner(name);
 }
@@ -111,12 +116,19 @@ function updateDebugBanner(viewName) {
     }
 }
 
-// Callback to re-render the main/home view when navigating back to it.
-// Set once by index.js via setRenderMain().
-let _renderMain = null;
+// Callback that renders a view being navigated BACK onto. Set once by
+// index.js via setBackRenderer(), which routes the view through the same
+// per-view render and data guards restoreView() uses.
+//
+// It answers true when it took the navigation — the view is rendered and
+// shown, or its backing data was gone and it fell back — and false for a
+// view the popup does not render from persisted state. Those can only be
+// on the stack from this page load, because the stack is filtered on load,
+// so they have already been rendered and only need unhiding.
+let _renderBack = null;
 
-function setRenderMain(fn) {
-    _renderMain = fn;
+function setBackRenderer(fn) {
+    _renderBack = fn;
 }
 
 // Push the current view onto the navigation stack so goBack() can
@@ -136,9 +148,11 @@ function goBack() {
     } else {
         target = "main";
     }
-    if (target === "main" && _renderMain) {
-        _renderMain();
-    }
+    // A popped view is landed on, not navigated to. If the popup has been
+    // closed and reopened since the view was pushed, nothing has ever
+    // rendered it in this page load and its template is still blank, so it
+    // has to be rendered here rather than merely unhidden.
+    if (_renderBack && _renderBack(target)) return;
     showView(target);
 }
 
@@ -470,7 +484,7 @@ module.exports = {
     showView,
     onViewLeave,
     updateDebugBanner,
-    setRenderMain,
+    setBackRenderer,
     pushCurrentView,
     goBack,
     clearViewStack,

tests/backNavigation.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+// Back after reopening the popup (#268).
+//
+// A reopened popup renders the wallet list and the one view it restores
+// onto; every other view is still the blank static template from
+// index.html. goBack() used to only unhide its target, so Back landed on
+// that blank template for any view the popup had not rendered in this page
+// load. These tests drive the real goBack() with the real router wired to
+// recording view modules, so what is asserted is which view render ran —
+// the thing that was missing.
+//
+// The rendering itself is asserted against the real popup in a real
+// browser by tests/e2e/run.js; here the DOM is a stub, because goBack()
+// only needs showView() to work.
+
+const els = new Map();
+
+function fakeEl() {
+    return {
+        textContent: "",
+        innerHTML: "",
+        classList: {
+            toggle() {},
+            add() {},
+            remove() {},
+            contains: () => false,
+        },
+        remove() {},
+    };
+}
+
+globalThis.document = {
+    getElementById(id) {
+        if (!els.has(id)) els.set(id, fakeEl());
+        return els.get(id);
+    },
+};
+
+// helpers.js pulls in state.js, which reads chrome.storage.local at load.
+globalThis.chrome = {
+    storage: { local: { get: async () => ({}), set: async () => {} } },
+};
+
+const {
+    showView,
+    goBack,
+    setBackRenderer,
+    pushCurrentView,
+} = require("../src/popup/views/helpers");
+const {
+    makeBackRenderer,
+    markViewRendered,
+    resetRenderedViews,
+} = require("../src/popup/viewRouter");
+const { state } = require("../src/shared/state");
+
+const ADDRESS = "0x1111111111111111111111111111111111111111";
+const TOKEN = "0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48";
+
+let calls;
+
+// Stand-ins for the view modules. Each records itself and then shows its
+// view, which is what every real view render ends with — so the assertions
+// can tell "rendered and shown" apart from "merely unhidden".
+function recorder(name, view) {
+    return () => {
+        calls.push(name);
+        showView(view);
+    };
+}
+
+function makeViews() {
+    return {
+        main: { show: recorder("main", "main") },
+        addressDetail: { show: recorder("addressDetail", "address") },
+        addressToken: { show: recorder("addressToken", "address-token") },
+        receive: { show: recorder("receive", "receive") },
+        settings: { show: recorder("settings", "settings") },
+        settingsAddToken: {
+            show: recorder("settingsAddToken", "settings-addtoken"),
+        },
+        confirmTx: { restore: recorder("confirmTx", "confirm-tx") },
+        transactionDetail: {
+            render: recorder("transactionDetail", "transaction"),
+        },
+        txStatus: {
+            restoreWait: () => {
+                calls.push("waitTx");
+                showView("wait-tx");
+                return true;
+            },
+            renderSuccess: recorder("successTx", "success-tx"),
+            renderError: recorder("errorTx", "error-tx"),
+        },
+    };
+}
+
+// The popup as it stands just after a reopen: one wallet with one address,
+// the view the popup restored onto, and the stack behind it.
+//
+// A reopen is a fresh page load, so the record of what has been rendered
+// starts empty — that emptiness is what makes the Back path render at all.
+// Returns the view modules so a test can drive forward navigation through
+// the same recorders the router renders through.
+function reopenedOn(view, stack, extra) {
+    calls = [];
+    resetRenderedViews();
+    state.wallets = [
+        {
+            name: "Wallet 1",
+            addresses: [{ address: ADDRESS, balance: "0", tokenBalances: [] }],
+        },
+    ];
+    state.selectedWallet = 0;
+    state.selectedAddress = 0;
+    state.selectedToken = null;
+    state.viewData = null;
+    state.currentView = view;
+    state.viewStack = stack.slice();
+    Object.assign(state, extra || {});
+    // Restoring onto a view renders it, so the reopened popup has that one
+    // view on the page and nothing else.
+    markViewRendered(view);
+    const views = makeViews();
+    setBackRenderer(makeBackRenderer(state, views));
+    return views;
+}
+
+// The reproduction from the issue, step for step.
+describe("Back onto a view the reopened popup never rendered", () => {
+    test("Back from settings renders the address detail underneath", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "address"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["addressDetail"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("address");
+        expect(state.viewStack).toEqual(["main"]);
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto the token detail renders it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "address", "address-token"], {
+            selectedToken: TOKEN,
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["addressToken"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("address-token");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto Receive renders it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "address", "receive"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["receive"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("receive");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto the transaction detail renders it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "transaction"], {
+            viewData: { tx: { hash: "0xdead" } },
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["transactionDetail"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("transaction");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto the transaction confirmation restores it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "confirm-tx"], {
+            viewData: { pendingTx: { to: ADDRESS, amount: "1" } },
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["confirmTx"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("confirm-tx");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto the success screen renders it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "success-tx"], {
+            viewData: { hash: "0xdead" },
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["successTx"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("success-tx");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto the failure screen renders it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "error-tx"], {
+            viewData: { message: "execution reverted" },
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["errorTx"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("error-tx");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto Home renders the wallet list", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("Back with an empty stack renders Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", []);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+});
+
+// The guards are restoreView()'s, so a popped view whose backing data is
+// gone lands on Home rather than on an empty template.
+describe("Back onto a view whose backing data is gone", () => {
+    test("the token detail with no token selected falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "address-token"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("the transaction detail with no transaction falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "transaction"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("the confirmation with no pending transaction falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "confirm-tx"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("an address view with no address selected falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "receive"], {
+            selectedAddress: null,
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("the success screen with no transaction hash falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "success-tx"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("the failure screen with no message falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "error-tx"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("a wait that can no longer be resumed falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "wait-tx"]);
+        const views = makeViews();
+        views.txStatus.restoreWait = () => false;
+        setBackRenderer(makeBackRenderer(state, views));
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+});
+
+// Forward navigation renders as it goes, and a second render would re-fetch
+// and clobber whatever the view holds — an unsaved edit, a request in
+// flight. So the Back path renders only a view this page load has never
+// rendered, and merely unhides every other one: the views it does not
+// render from persisted state, and the views already on the page.
+describe("what the Back path leaves alone", () => {
+    test("forward navigation renders nothing by itself", () => {
+        reopenedOn("address", ["main"]);
+        pushCurrentView();
+        showView("send");
+        expect(calls).toEqual([]);
+        expect(state.viewStack).toEqual(["main", "address"]);
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto a live-session view only unhides it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("confirm-tx", ["main", "address", "send"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual([]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("send");
+    });
+
+    test("Back renders its target exactly once", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "address"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls.filter((c) => c === "addressDetail")).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto a view this page load already rendered only unhides it", () => {
+        const views = reopenedOn("main", []);
+        pushCurrentView();
+        views.addressDetail.show();
+        pushCurrentView();
+        views.settings.show();
+        calls = [];
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual([]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("address");
+    });
+
+    // The unit mirror of the regression the browser suite pins: Settings
+    // reassigns its fields from persisted state on every render, so a
+    // re-render on the way back discards an edit the user has not saved.
+    test("Back onto Settings visited earlier in this page load does not re-render it", () => {
+        const views = reopenedOn("main", []);
+        pushCurrentView();
+        views.settings.show();
+        pushCurrentView();
+        views.settingsAddToken.show();
+        calls = [];
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual([]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("settings");
+    });
+
+    // Home is the deliberate exception, unchanged from the popup's
+    // behaviour before the router existed: it re-renders on every Back so
+    // the wallet list reflects what changed while the user was away.
+    test("Back onto Home renders it again even when it is already on the page", () => {
+        const views = reopenedOn("main", []);
+        pushCurrentView();
+        views.addressDetail.show();
+        calls = [];
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+});

tests/e2e/network.js

@@ -86,9 +86,11 @@ const DAPP_URL = DAPP_ORIGIN + "/";
 // never drive the popup that has to settle it; start() files the promise
 // under a key and settle() collects it once the prompt has been dealt with.
 //
-// The rejection branch records `code` as it arrives. EIP-1193 says a user
-// rejection is a ProviderRpcError carrying code 4001; what the page can
-// actually see is recorded here rather than assumed, and asserted in run.js.
+// The rejection branch records the whole observable shape of the error as it
+// arrives — name, message, and whether a `code` is present at all as distinct
+// from its value. EIP-1193 says a user rejection is a ProviderRpcError
+// carrying code 4001; what the page can actually see is recorded here rather
+// than assumed, and asserted in run.js.
 //
 // The message log is the page's half of the boundary observation: every
 // AUTISTMASK_* message that crosses between this page and the content
@@ -120,6 +122,7 @@ const DAPP_HTML = [
     "                    return {",
     "                        settled: 'rejected',",
     "                        message: String((error && error.message) || error),",
+    "                        name: error ? error.name : undefined,",
     "                        hasCode: !!error && 'code' in Object(error),",
     "                        code: error ? error.code : undefined,",
     "                    };",

tests/e2e/run.js

@@ -419,6 +419,172 @@ test("reopening the popup never lands on the phrase screen (#161)", async (env)
     assertWiped(st, env.phrase, "after reopening the popup");
 });
 
+// ------------------------------- Back after reopening the popup (#268)
+
+// A reopened popup renders the wallet list and the view it restores onto,
+// and nothing else: every other screen is still the blank static template
+// from index.html. Back used to only unhide its target, which is why these
+// have to run against the real popup — the template is present and
+// well-formed, so only its emptiness distinguishes the defect, and only a
+// real reopen produces it.
+
+// Everything the address screen must have on it, read out of the DOM.
+function addressScreenState(page) {
+    return page.evaluate(() => {
+        const line = document.getElementById("address-line");
+        const balances = document.getElementById("address-balances");
+        return {
+            hidden: document
+                .getElementById("view-address")
+                .classList.contains("hidden"),
+            line: line ? line.innerText.trim() : "",
+            balances: balances ? balances.innerText.trim() : "",
+        };
+    });
+}
+
+// Close and reopen the page rather than reload it: that is what the toolbar
+// popup does, and it is the only thing that produces the unrendered views.
+async function reopenPopup(env, restoredView) {
+    await env.page.close();
+    env.page = await openPopup(env.ctx, env.popupUrl);
+    await visible(env.page, restoredView);
+}
+
+// The reproduction from the issue, step for step.
+test("Back after reopening the popup renders the address screen (#268)", async (env) => {
+    await openAddressDetail(env.page);
+    const before = await addressScreenState(env.page);
+    assert(
+        before.line.length > 0,
+        "the address screen was blank to begin with",
+    );
+
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-settings");
+
+    await reopenPopup(env, "#view-settings");
+
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-address");
+
+    const after = await addressScreenState(env.page);
+    assert(
+        after.line === before.line,
+        "the address line reads " +
+            JSON.stringify(after.line) +
+            ", expected " +
+            JSON.stringify(before.line),
+    );
+    assert(
+        after.balances.includes("ETH"),
+        "the balances read " + JSON.stringify(after.balances),
+    );
+});
+
+// The same defect one screen further in. Receive holds the address twice
+// over — as text and as the QR code the sender scans — and a blank one is
+// worse than a missing screen.
+// Everything the Receive screen must have on it. The QR code is read as
+// pixels, not as an element: the blank template carries the canvas too, a
+// default 300x150 one with nothing drawn on it and every pixel fully
+// transparent. A drawn QR paints an opaque background across the whole
+// canvas, so a single opaque pixel is the whole question.
+function receiveScreenState(page) {
+    return page.evaluate(() => {
+        const block = document.getElementById("receive-address-block");
+        const canvas = document.getElementById("receive-qr");
+        const px = canvas
+            .getContext("2d")
+            .getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height).data;
+        let opaque = 0;
+        for (let i = 3; i < px.length; i += 4) {
+            if (px[i] > 0) opaque += 1;
+        }
+        return {
+            address: block.dataset.full || "",
+            text: block.innerText.trim(),
+            qrOpaquePixels: opaque,
+        };
+    });
+}
+
+test("Back after reopening the popup renders the Receive screen (#268)", async (env) => {
+    await openAddressDetail(env.page);
+    await env.page.click("#btn-receive");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-receive");
+    const before = await receiveScreenState(env.page);
+    assert(
+        /^0x[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/.test(before.address),
+        "Receive showed no address to begin with: " +
+            JSON.stringify(before.address),
+    );
+
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-settings");
+
+    await reopenPopup(env, "#view-settings");
+
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-receive");
+
+    const shown = await receiveScreenState(env.page);
+    assert(
+        shown.address === before.address,
+        "Receive shows " +
+            JSON.stringify(shown.address) +
+            ", expected " +
+            JSON.stringify(before.address),
+    );
+    assert(
+        shown.text.includes(before.address),
+        "the Receive address is not on screen: " + JSON.stringify(shown.text),
+    );
+    assert(shown.qrOpaquePixels > 0, "Receive shows an unpainted QR code");
+
+    // Leave the suite where it found it.
+    await env.page.click("#btn-receive-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-address");
+    await env.page.click("#btn-address-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-main");
+});
+
+// The other half of the requirement: Back renders a screen this page load
+// never rendered, and must NOT re-render one it already has on screen.
+// settings.show() reassigns #settings-rpc from persisted state, so
+// re-rendering Settings on the way back would silently revert whatever the
+// user typed and had not saved yet — and they could then press Save and
+// store the value they believed they had replaced. No reopen here: this is
+// an ordinary in-session forward-and-back, which is exactly why the render
+// must not happen.
+test("Back onto Settings keeps unsaved input (#268)", async (env) => {
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-main");
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-settings");
+
+    const typed = "https://rpc.example.invalid/unsaved";
+    await env.page.fill("#settings-rpc", typed);
+
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings-add-token");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-settings-addtoken");
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings-addtoken-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-settings");
+
+    const kept = await env.page.inputValue("#settings-rpc");
+    assert(
+        kept === typed,
+        "the unsaved RPC URL reads " +
+            JSON.stringify(kept) +
+            ", expected " +
+            JSON.stringify(typed),
+    );
+
+    // Leave the suite where it found it. The typed value was never saved,
+    // and Settings reloads the field from state next time it renders.
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-main");
+});
+
 // -------------------------------------------- address removal (#162)
 
 // Number of address rows across every wallet in the list, counted in the DOM
@@ -1591,15 +1757,14 @@ async function lastResponseError(page) {
 }
 
 // A rejected prompt, asserted at both ends: the page's promise rejected
-// rather than hanging or resolving, and the response that crossed the
-// boundary carried EIP-1193 code 4001.
+// rather than hanging or resolving, and EIP-1193 code 4001 is present both
+// on the wire and on the Error the calling page catches.
 //
-// The code is asserted on the wire because that is the only place it
-// survives. src/content/inpage.js rebuilds the rejection as `new
-// Error(error.message)`, so the Error the calling page catches carries the
-// message and no code. That is reported rather than asserted either way —
-// locking in the current behaviour would make the gap permanent, and
-// asserting the code on the Error would fail today.
+// Both ends matter because they used to disagree. The code crossed the
+// boundary correctly and src/content/inpage.js then threw it away, rebuilding
+// every rejection as `new Error(error.message)` — so a dApp branching on
+// `err.code === 4001` saw undefined and could not tell a refusal from a
+// failure (#274). Asserting only the wire would leave that gap invisible.
 async function assertUserRejection(page, key, label) {
     const outcome = await settleRequest(page, key);
     assert(
@@ -1621,15 +1786,32 @@ async function assertUserRejection(page, key, label) {
             " did not carry EIP-1193 code 4001 across the boundary: " +
             JSON.stringify(error),
     );
+    assert(
+        outcome.hasCode,
+        label +
+            " reached the page as an error with no code property at all, so a " +
+            "dApp cannot tell the user's refusal from a failure: " +
+            JSON.stringify(outcome),
+    );
+    assert(
+        outcome.code === 4001,
+        label +
+            " reached the page with code " +
+            JSON.stringify(outcome.code) +
+            " rather than EIP-1193 4001",
+    );
+    assert(
+        outcome.name === "ProviderRpcError",
+        label +
+            " reached the page as " +
+            JSON.stringify(outcome.name) +
+            " rather than an EIP-1193 ProviderRpcError",
+    );
     console.log(
         "# " +
             label +
-            ": boundary code=" +
-            error.code +
-            " page Error.code=" +
-            JSON.stringify(outcome.code) +
-            " page Error carries a code=" +
-            outcome.hasCode,
+            ": code 4001 on the wire and on the page's " +
+            outcome.name,
     );
     return outcome;
 }

tests/inpageErrors.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+// The EIP-1193 error the page actually catches (src/content/inpage.js).
+//
+// The bug this pins down (issue #274): the provider rebuilt every failure as
+// `new Error(error.message)`, so the `code` the background produced and the
+// content script relayed intact was thrown away in the last hop. A dApp
+// checking `err.code === 4001` — the standard way to tell "the user said no"
+// from "the wallet broke" — saw undefined, and well-behaved sites showed an
+// error or retried instead of accepting the refusal.
+//
+// inpage.js is a bare IIFE injected into the page's JS context, not a module:
+// it takes no import and exports nothing, and reaches for `window` at load.
+// So it is evaluated here the way the browser evaluates it, against a stub
+// window, and the provider is collected from `window.ethereum`. The globals it
+// touches are passed in as function parameters rather than assigned to
+// globalThis: nothing leaks between tests, and the source is compiled in this
+// realm, so the errors it constructs are comparable against this file's own
+// `Error` — which a second realm's intrinsics would silently defeat.
+//
+// There is no jsdom in this repo; see tests/txStatus.test.js.
+
+const fs = require("fs");
+const path = require("path");
+const { webcrypto } = require("crypto");
+
+const SOURCE = fs.readFileSync(
+    path.join(__dirname, "..", "src", "content", "inpage.js"),
+    "utf8",
+);
+
+const loadInto = new Function(
+    "window",
+    "self",
+    "crypto",
+    "Event",
+    "CustomEvent",
+    SOURCE,
+);
+
+class StubEvent {
+    constructor(type) {
+        this.type = type;
+    }
+}
+
+class StubCustomEvent extends StubEvent {
+    constructor(type, init) {
+        super(type);
+        this.detail = init && init.detail;
+    }
+}
+
+// Every code the background emits on the RPC path today, read out of
+// src/background/index.js. The provider must not know this list — it passes
+// through whatever arrived — but the cases below are the real ones.
+const REJECTED = 4001; // user rejected the request
+const UNAUTHORIZED = 4100; // site not connected / wrong address
+const UNRECOGNIZED_CHAIN = 4902; // switch/add to an unsupported chain
+
+// A stub window with the four things inpage.js touches: message listeners,
+// postMessage out to the content script, window.ethereum, and dispatchEvent
+// for the EIP-6963 announcement.
+function loadProvider() {
+    const messageListeners = [];
+    const posted = [];
+
+    const win = {
+        addEventListener(type, fn) {
+            if (type === "message") messageListeners.push(fn);
+        },
+        removeEventListener(type, fn) {
+            const i = messageListeners.indexOf(fn);
+            if (type === "message" && i !== -1) messageListeners.splice(i, 1);
+        },
+        postMessage(data) {
+            posted.push(data);
+        },
+        dispatchEvent() {
+            return true;
+        },
+    };
+    win.window = win;
+
+    loadInto(win, win, webcrypto, StubEvent, StubCustomEvent);
+
+    // Deliver the content script's answer to an outstanding request. The id is
+    // read back off the wire rather than assumed: inpage.js issues its own
+    // eth_chainId at load, so the first id a test sees is not 1.
+    function respond(response) {
+        const request = posted
+            .filter((m) => m.type === "AUTISTMASK_REQUEST")
+            .pop();
+        expect(request).toBeDefined();
+        const event = {
+            source: win,
+            data: { type: "AUTISTMASK_RESPONSE", id: request.id, ...response },
+        };
+        for (const fn of messageListeners.slice()) fn(event);
+    }
+
+    return { provider: win.ethereum, posted, respond };
+}
+
+// Start a request, answer it with `response`, and hand back the rejection.
+// Fails the test if the call resolves instead.
+async function rejectionFrom(start, response) {
+    const { provider, respond } = loadProvider();
+    const settled = start(provider).then(
+        (result) => ({ resolved: result }),
+        (error) => ({ error }),
+    );
+    // The provider posts synchronously, so the request is already on the wire.
+    respond(response);
+    const outcome = await settled;
+    expect(outcome).not.toHaveProperty("resolved");
+    return outcome.error;
+}
+
+describe("an EIP-1193 code reaches the page", () => {
+    test("a user rejection arrives as code 4001", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "eth_requestAccounts" }),
+            {
+                error: {
+                    code: REJECTED,
+                    message: "User rejected the request.",
+                },
+            },
+        );
+        expect(err.code).toBe(REJECTED);
+        expect(err.message).toBe("User rejected the request.");
+    });
+
+    test("it is a ProviderRpcError, and an Error", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "eth_requestAccounts" }),
+            {
+                error: {
+                    code: REJECTED,
+                    message: "User rejected the request.",
+                },
+            },
+        );
+        expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
+        expect(err.name).toBe("ProviderRpcError");
+    });
+
+    test("4100 unauthorized arrives intact", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "personal_sign", params: ["0x00"] }),
+            { error: { code: UNAUTHORIZED, message: "Unauthorized" } },
+        );
+        expect(err.code).toBe(UNAUTHORIZED);
+        expect(err.message).toBe("Unauthorized");
+    });
+
+    test("4902 unrecognized chain arrives intact", async () => {
+        const message =
+            "AutistMask supports Ethereum Mainnet and Sepolia Testnet only.";
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "wallet_switchEthereumChain" }),
+            { error: { code: UNRECOGNIZED_CHAIN, message } },
+        );
+        expect(err.code).toBe(UNRECOGNIZED_CHAIN);
+        expect(err.message).toBe(message);
+    });
+
+    // The provider is not allowed to know the list above: a code added to the
+    // background later must reach the page without this file being edited.
+    test("a code the provider has never heard of is passed through", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "eth_accounts" }),
+            { error: { code: 4900, message: "Disconnected" } },
+        );
+        expect(err.code).toBe(4900);
+    });
+
+    test("data is carried when the boundary sent it", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "eth_call" }),
+            {
+                error: {
+                    code: -32000,
+                    message: "execution reverted",
+                    data: "0x08c379a0",
+                },
+            },
+        );
+        expect(err.code).toBe(-32000);
+        expect(err.data).toBe("0x08c379a0");
+    });
+
+    test("no data property is invented when the boundary sent none", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "eth_requestAccounts" }),
+            {
+                error: {
+                    code: REJECTED,
+                    message: "User rejected the request.",
+                },
+            },
+        );
+        expect("data" in err).toBe(false);
+    });
+});
+
+describe("the message is untouched", () => {
+    test("a coded error keeps the message byte for byte", async () => {
+        const message =
+            "This site asked to sign as an address that is not " +
+            "the active one.";
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "personal_sign" }),
+            { error: { code: UNAUTHORIZED, message } },
+        );
+        expect(err.message).toBe(message);
+    });
+
+    test("an error the background sent with no code keeps its message", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "eth_sendTransaction" }),
+            { error: { message: "No accounts available" } },
+        );
+        expect(err.message).toBe("No accounts available");
+    });
+
+    // A ProviderRpcError whose code is undefined would claim a conformance it
+    // does not have, and `'code' in err` is exactly what a careful dApp asks.
+    test("an error with no code gets no code property at all", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "eth_sendTransaction" }),
+            { error: { message: "No accounts available" } },
+        );
+        expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
+        expect("code" in err).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    test("an error with no message keeps the generic fallback", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "eth_sendTransaction" }),
+            { error: { code: REJECTED } },
+        );
+        expect(err.message).toBe("Request failed");
+        expect(err.code).toBe(REJECTED);
+    });
+});
+
+// Every entry point the provider exposes, not just eth_requestAccounts. They
+// all funnel through the same response listener, and this is what says so.
+describe("every request path carries the code", () => {
+    const rejection = {
+        error: { code: REJECTED, message: "User rejected the request." },
+    };
+
+    test("request()", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.request({ method: "eth_requestAccounts" }),
+            rejection,
+        );
+        expect(err.code).toBe(REJECTED);
+    });
+
+    test("enable()", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom((p) => p.enable(), rejection);
+        expect(err.code).toBe(REJECTED);
+    });
+
+    test("send(method, params)", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.send("eth_requestAccounts", []),
+            rejection,
+        );
+        expect(err.code).toBe(REJECTED);
+    });
+
+    test("send({ method, params })", async () => {
+        const err = await rejectionFrom(
+            (p) => p.send({ method: "personal_sign", params: ["0x00"] }),
+            rejection,
+        );
+        expect(err.code).toBe(REJECTED);
+    });
+
+    test("sendAsync() hands the code to its callback", async () => {
+        const { provider, respond } = loadProvider();
+        const called = new Promise((resolve) => {
+            provider.sendAsync({ id: 1, method: "eth_requestAccounts" }, (e) =>
+                resolve(e),
+            );
+        });
+        respond(rejection);
+        const err = await called;
+        expect(err.name).toBe("ProviderRpcError");
+        expect(err.code).toBe(REJECTED);
+        expect(err.message).toBe("User rejected the request.");
+    });
+});
+
+describe("the success path is unchanged", () => {
+    test("a result still resolves", async () => {
+        const { provider, respond } = loadProvider();
+        const settled = provider.request({ method: "eth_requestAccounts" });
+        respond({ result: ["0xb61264DEFB0c4B8afb3D73724be15310036743a5"] });
+        await expect(settled).resolves.toEqual([
+            "0xb61264DEFB0c4B8afb3D73724be15310036743a5",
+        ]);
+        expect(provider.selectedAddress).toBe(
+            "0xb61264DEFB0c4B8afb3D73724be15310036743a5",
+        );
+    });
+});