Replace HMAC-based session API keys with tokens stored in memory in the daemon process

Since the session cache clears keys after a period of time, this fixes #1821.

Based on https://github.com/mail-in-a-box/mailinabox/pull/2012, and so:

Co-Authored-By: NewbieOrange <NewbieOrange@users.noreply.github.com>

Also fixes #2029 by not revealing through the login failure error message whether a user exists or not.

api/mailinabox.yml

@@ -54,24 +54,24 @@ tags:
       System operations, which include system status checks, new version checks
       and reboot status.
 paths:
-  /me:
-    get:
+  /login:
+    post:
       tags:
         - User
-      summary: Get user information
+      summary: Exchange a username and password for a session API key.
       description: |
-        Returns user information. Used for user authentication.
+        Returns user information and a session API key.
 
         Authenticate a user by supplying the auth token as a base64 encoded string in
         format `email:password` using basic authentication headers.
 
         If successful, a long-lived `api_key` is returned which can be used for subsequent
-        requests to the API.
-      operationId: getMe
+        requests to the API in place of the password.
+      operationId: login
       x-codeSamples:
         - lang: curl
           source: |
-            curl -X GET "https://{host}/admin/me" \
+            curl -X GET "https://{host}/admin/login" \
               -u "<email>:<password>"
       responses:
         200:
@@ -92,6 +92,24 @@ paths:
                     privileges:
                       - admin
                     status: ok
+  /logout:
+    post:
+      tags:
+        - User
+      summary: Invalidates a session API key.
+      description: |
+        Invalidates a session API key so that it cannot be used after this API call.
+      operationId: logout
+      x-codeSamples:
+        - lang: curl
+          source: |
+            curl -X GET "https://{host}/admin/logout" \
+              -u "<email>:<session_key>"
+      responses:
+        200:
+          description: Successful operation
+          content:
+            application/json:
   /system/status:
     post:
       tags:
@@ -1803,7 +1821,7 @@ components:
 
         The `access-token` is comprised of the Base64 encoding of `username:password`.
         The `username` is the mail user's email address, and `password` can either be the mail user's
-        password, or the `api_key` returned from the `getMe` operation.
+        password, or the `api_key` returned from the `login` operation.
 
         When using `curl`, you can supply user credentials using the `-u` or `--user` parameter.
   requestBodies:

management/auth.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import base64, os, os.path, hmac, json, secrets
+from datetime import timedelta
 
+from expiringdict import ExpiringDict
 
 import utils
 from mailconfig import get_mail_password, get_mail_user_privileges
@@ -9,16 +11,13 @@ DEFAULT_KEY_PATH   = '/var/lib/mailinabox/api.key'
 DEFAULT_AUTH_REALM = 'Mail-in-a-Box Management Server'
 
 class AuthService:
-	"""Generate an API key for authenticating clients
-
-	Clients must read the key from the key file and send the key with all HTTP
-	requests. The key is passed as the username field in the standard HTTP
-	Basic Auth header.
-	"""
 	def __init__(self):
 		self.auth_realm = DEFAULT_AUTH_REALM
 		self.key_path = DEFAULT_KEY_PATH
+		self.max_session_duration = timedelta(days=2)
+
 		self.init_system_api_key()
+		self.sessions = ExpiringDict(max_len=64, max_age_seconds=self.max_session_duration.total_seconds())
 
 	def init_system_api_key(self):
 		"""Write an API key to a local file so local processes can use the API"""
@@ -31,123 +30,133 @@ class AuthService:
 			finally:
 				os.umask(old_umask)
 
-		self.key = secrets.token_hex(24)
+		self.key = secrets.token_hex(32)
 
 		os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(self.key_path), exist_ok=True)
 
 		with create_file_with_mode(self.key_path, 0o640) as key_file:
 			key_file.write(self.key + '\n')
 
-	def authenticate(self, request, env):
-		"""Test if the client key passed in HTTP Authorization header matches the service key
-		or if the or username/password passed in the header matches an administrator user.
+	def authenticate(self, request, env, login_only=False, logout=False):
+		"""Test if the HTTP Authorization header's username matches the system key, a session key,
+		or if the username/password passed in the header matches a local user.
 		Returns a tuple of the user's email address and list of user privileges (e.g.
 		('my@email', []) or ('my@email', ['admin']); raises a ValueError on login failure.
-		If the user used an API key, the user's email is returned as None."""
+		If the user used the system API key, the user's email is returned as None since
+		this key is not associated with a user."""
 
-		def decode(s):
-			return base64.b64decode(s.encode('ascii')).decode('ascii')
-
-		def parse_basic_auth(header):
+		def parse_http_authorization_basic(header):
+			def decode(s):
+				return base64.b64decode(s.encode('ascii')).decode('ascii')
 			if " " not in header:
 				return None, None
 			scheme, credentials = header.split(maxsplit=1)
 			if scheme != 'Basic':
 				return None, None
-
 			credentials = decode(credentials)
 			if ":" not in credentials:
 				return None, None
 			username, password = credentials.split(':', maxsplit=1)
 			return username, password
 
-		header = request.headers.get('Authorization')
-		if not header:
-			raise ValueError("No authorization header provided.")
-
-		username, password = parse_basic_auth(header)
-
+		username, password = parse_http_authorization_basic(request.headers.get('Authorization', ''))
 		if username in (None, ""):
 			raise ValueError("Authorization header invalid.")
 
-		if username == self.key:
-			# The user passed the system API key which grants administrative privs.
+		if username.strip() == "" and password.strip() == "":
+			raise ValueError("No email address, password, session key, or API key provided.")
+
+		# If user passed the system API key, grant administrative privs. This key
+		# is not associated with a user.
+		if username == self.key and not login_only:
 			return (None, ["admin"])
+
+		# If the password corresponds with a session token for the user, grant access for that user.
+		if password in self.sessions and self.sessions[password]["email"] == username and not login_only:
+			sessionid = password
+			session = self.sessions[sessionid]
+			if session["password_token"] != self.create_user_password_state_token(username, env):
+				# This session is invalid because the user's password/MFA state changed
+				# after the session was created.
+				del self.sessions[sessionid]
+				raise ValueError("Session expired.")
+			if logout:
+				# Clear the session.
+				del self.sessions[sessionid]
+			else:
+				# Re-up the session so that it does not expire.
+				self.sessions[sessionid] = session
+
+		# If no password was given, but a username was given, we're missing some information.
+		elif password.strip() == "":
+			raise ValueError("Enter a password.")
+
 		else:
-			# The user is trying to log in with a username and either a password
-			# (and possibly a MFA token) or a user-specific API key.
-			return (username, self.check_user_auth(username, password, request, env))
+			# The user is trying to log in with a username and a password
+			# (and possibly a MFA token). On failure, an exception is raised.
+			self.check_user_auth(username, password, request, env)
+
+		# Get privileges for authorization. This call should never fail because by this
+		# point we know the email address is a valid user --- unless the user has been
+		# deleted after the session was granted. On error the call will return a tuple
+		# of an error message and an HTTP status code.
+		privs = get_mail_user_privileges(username, env)
+		if isinstance(privs, tuple): raise ValueError(privs[0])
+
+		# Return the authorization information.
+		return (username, privs)
 
 	def check_user_auth(self, email, pw, request, env):
 		# Validate a user's login email address and password. If MFA is enabled,
 		# check the MFA token in the X-Auth-Token header.
 		#
-		# On success returns a list of privileges (e.g. [] or ['admin']). On login
-		# failure, raises a ValueError with a login error message.
+		# On login failure, raises a ValueError with a login error message. On
+		# success, nothing is returned.
 
-		# Sanity check.
-		if email == "" or pw == "":
-			raise ValueError("Enter an email address and password.")
-
-		# The password might be a user-specific API key. create_user_key raises
-		# a ValueError if the user does not exist.
-		if hmac.compare_digest(self.create_user_key(email, env), pw):
-			# OK.
-			pass
-		else:
+		# Authenticate.
+		try:
 			# Get the hashed password of the user. Raise a ValueError if the
-			# email address does not correspond to a user.
+			# email address does not correspond to a user. But wrap it in the
+			# same exception as if a password fails so we don't easily reveal
+			# if an email address is valid.
 			pw_hash = get_mail_password(email, env)
 
-			# Authenticate.
-			try:
-				# Use 'doveadm pw' to check credentials. doveadm will return
-				# a non-zero exit status if the credentials are no good,
-				# and check_call will raise an exception in that case.
-				utils.shell('check_call', [
-					"/usr/bin/doveadm", "pw",
-					"-p", pw,
-					"-t", pw_hash,
-					])
-			except:
-				# Login failed.
-				raise ValueError("Invalid password.")
+			# Use 'doveadm pw' to check credentials. doveadm will return
+			# a non-zero exit status if the credentials are no good,
+			# and check_call will raise an exception in that case.
+			utils.shell('check_call', [
+				"/usr/bin/doveadm", "pw",
+				"-p", pw,
+				"-t", pw_hash,
+				])
+		except:
+			# Login failed.
+			raise ValueError("Incorrect email address or password.")
 
-			# If MFA is enabled, check that MFA passes.
-			status, hints = validate_auth_mfa(email, request, env)
-			if not status:
-				# Login valid. Hints may have more info.
-				raise ValueError(",".join(hints))
+		# If MFA is enabled, check that MFA passes.
+		status, hints = validate_auth_mfa(email, request, env)
+		if not status:
+			# Login valid. Hints may have more info.
+			raise ValueError(",".join(hints))
 
-		# Get privileges for authorization. This call should never fail because by this
-		# point we know the email address is a valid user. But on error the call will
-		# return a tuple of an error message and an HTTP status code.
-		privs = get_mail_user_privileges(email, env)
-		if isinstance(privs, tuple): raise ValueError(privs[0])
-
-		# Return a list of privileges.
-		return privs
-
-	def create_user_key(self, email, env):
-		# Create a user API key, which is a shared secret that we can re-generate from
-		# static information in our database. The shared secret contains the user's
-		# email address, current hashed password, and current MFA state, so that the
-		# key becomes invalid if any of that information changes.
-		#
-		# Use an HMAC to generate the API key using our system API key as a key,
-		# which also means that the API key becomes invalid when our system API key
-		# changes --- i.e. when this process is restarted.
-		#
-		# Raises ValueError via get_mail_password if the user doesn't exist.
-
-		# Construct the HMAC message from the user's email address and current password.
-		msg = b"AUTH:" + email.encode("utf8") + b" " + get_mail_password(email, env).encode("utf8")
+	def create_user_password_state_token(self, email, env):
+		# Create a token that changes if the user's password or MFA options change
+		# so that sessions become invalid if any of that information changes.
+		msg = get_mail_password(email, env).encode("utf8")
 
 		# Add to the message the current MFA state, which is a list of MFA information.
 		# Turn it into a string stably.
 		msg += b" " + json.dumps(get_hash_mfa_state(email, env), sort_keys=True).encode("utf8")
 
-		# Make the HMAC.
+		# Make a HMAC using the system API key as a hash key.
 		hash_key = self.key.encode('ascii')
 		return hmac.new(hash_key, msg, digestmod="sha256").hexdigest()
 
+	def create_session_key(self, username, env, type=None):
+		# Create a new session.
+		token = secrets.token_hex(32)
+		self.sessions[token] = {
+			"email": username,
+			"password_token": self.create_user_password_state_token(username, env),
+		}
+		return token

management/daemon.py

@@ -56,8 +56,10 @@ def authorized_personnel_only(viewfunc):
 		try:
 			email, privs = auth_service.authenticate(request, env)
 		except ValueError as e:
-			# Write a line in the log recording the failed login
-			log_failed_login(request)
+			# Write a line in the log recording the failed login, unless no authorization header
+			# was given which can happen on an initial request before a 403 response.
+			if "Authorization" in request.headers:
+				log_failed_login(request)
 
 			# Authentication failed.
 			error = str(e)
@@ -134,11 +136,12 @@ def index():
 		csr_country_codes=csr_country_codes,
 	)
 
-@app.route('/me')
-def me():
+# Create a session key by checking the username/password in the Authorization header.
+@app.route('/login', methods=["POST"])
+def login():
 	# Is the caller authorized?
 	try:
-		email, privs = auth_service.authenticate(request, env)
+		email, privs = auth_service.authenticate(request, env, login_only=True)
 	except ValueError as e:
 		if "missing-totp-token" in str(e):
 			return json_response({
@@ -153,19 +156,29 @@ def me():
 				"reason": str(e),
 			})
 
+	# Return a new session for the user.
 	resp = {
 		"status": "ok",
 		"email": email,
 		"privileges": privs,
+		"api_key": auth_service.create_session_key(email, env, type='login'),
 	}
 
-	# Is authorized as admin? Return an API key for future use.
-	if "admin" in privs:
-		resp["api_key"] = auth_service.create_user_key(email, env)
+	app.logger.info("New login session created for {}".format(email))
 
 	# Return.
 	return json_response(resp)
 
+@app.route('/logout', methods=["POST"])
+def logout():
+	try:
+		email, _ = auth_service.authenticate(request, env, logout=True)
+		app.logger.info("{} logged out".format(email))
+	except ValueError as e:
+		pass
+	finally:
+		return json_response({ "status": "ok" })
+
 # MAIL
 
 @app.route('/mail/users')

management/templates/index.html

@@ -367,11 +367,17 @@ var current_panel = null;
 var switch_back_to_panel = null;
 
 function do_logout() {
+  // Clear the session from the backend.
+  api("/logout", "POST");
+
+  // Forget the token.
   api_credentials = ["", ""];
   if (typeof localStorage != 'undefined')
     localStorage.removeItem("miab-cp-credentials");
   if (typeof sessionStorage != 'undefined')
     sessionStorage.removeItem("miab-cp-credentials");
+
+  // Return to the start.
   show_panel('login');
 }
 

management/templates/login.html

@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ function do_login() {
   api_credentials = [$('#loginEmail').val(), $('#loginPassword').val()]
 
   api(
-  "/me",
-  "GET",
+  "/login",
+  "POST",
   {},
   function(response) {
     // This API call always succeeds. It returns a JSON object indicating

setup/management.sh

@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ hide_output $venv/bin/pip install --upgrade pip
 # NOTE: email_validator is repeated in setup/questions.sh, so please keep the versions synced.
 hide_output $venv/bin/pip install --upgrade \
 	rtyaml "email_validator>=1.0.0" "exclusiveprocess" \
-	flask dnspython python-dateutil \
-  qrcode[pil] pyotp \
+	flask dnspython python-dateutil expiringdict \
+	qrcode[pil] pyotp \
 	"idna>=2.0.0" "cryptography==2.2.2" boto psutil postfix-mta-sts-resolver b2sdk
 
 # CONFIGURATION

tests/fail2ban.py

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 	run_test(managesieve_test, [], 20, 30, 4)
 
 	# Mail-in-a-Box control panel
-	run_test(http_test, ["/admin/me", 200], 20, 30, 1)
+	run_test(http_test, ["/admin/login", 200], 20, 30, 1)
 
 	# Munin via the Mail-in-a-Box control panel
 	run_test(http_test, ["/admin/munin/", 401], 20, 30, 1)