webhooker/internal/database/retention.go

package database

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"go.uber.org/fx"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/config"
	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/lifecycle"
	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/logger"
)

// hoursPerDay converts a RetentionDays count into hours for cutoff
// computation.
const hoursPerDay = 24

// reapBatchSize is how many expired events one retention transaction
// deletes. A transaction holds the event database's write lock, which
// the receiver and the delivery workers wait for, so a large prune is
// split into transactions each short enough to finish well inside the
// busy timeout.
const reapBatchSize = 1000

// reapBatchPause is how long retention waits after one batch before
// starting the next. A writer waiting for the write lock checks for it
// again after at most 100 ms, so a longer pause lets it in between two
// batches instead of only after the whole prune.
const reapBatchPause = 200 * time.Millisecond

// RetentionReaperParams holds the fx dependencies for the
// RetentionReaper.
type RetentionReaperParams struct {
	fx.In

	Config    *config.Config
	Database  *Database
	DBManager *WebhookDBManager
	Logger    *logger.Logger
}

// RetentionReaper periodically deletes expired events (and their
// dependent deliveries and delivery results) from each per-webhook
// database, enforcing every webhook's RetentionDays. Rows are removed
// permanently so that per-webhook SQLite files do not grow without
// bound.
type RetentionReaper struct {
	db        *Database
	dbManager *WebhookDBManager
	log       *slog.Logger
	interval  time.Duration
	cancel    context.CancelFunc
	wg        sync.WaitGroup
}

// NewRetentionReaper creates the retention reaper and registers its
// fx lifecycle hooks. The background sweep loop starts on OnStart and
// stops cleanly on OnStop via context cancellation.
func NewRetentionReaper(
	lc fx.Lifecycle,
	params RetentionReaperParams,
) *RetentionReaper {
	r := &RetentionReaper{
		db:        params.Database,
		dbManager: params.DBManager,
		log:       params.Logger.Get(),
		interval:  params.Config.RetentionSweepInterval,
	}

	r.registerHooks(lc)

	return r
}

// registerHooks wires the reaper's start and stop into the fx
// lifecycle. The start hook's context is deliberately ignored (see
// start for why the sweep loop must not inherit it); the stop hook's
// context is honoured (see stop).
func (r *RetentionReaper) registerHooks(lc fx.Lifecycle) {
	lc.Append(fx.Hook{
		//nolint:contextcheck // Not inheriting the hook context is
		// the point: see start.
		OnStart: func(_ context.Context) error {
			r.start()

			return nil
		},
		OnStop: func(ctx context.Context) error {
			return r.stop(ctx)
		},
	})
}

// start launches the background sweep loop.
//
// The loop's context is derived from context.Background(), NOT from
// the fx OnStart hook context. The hook context carries fx's start
// timeout (15s by default) and is cancelled once the start phase
// completes, so a loop derived from it dies 45 minutes before its
// first tick under the default one-hour sweep interval, leaving a
// reaper that never reaps. A long-lived goroutine must outlive the
// startup phase, so its lifetime is bounded by OnStop instead: stop
// cancels this context and waits on the WaitGroup.
func (r *RetentionReaper) start() {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	r.cancel = cancel

	r.wg.Add(1)

	go r.run(ctx)

	r.log.Info(
		"retention reaper started",
		"interval", r.interval.String(),
	)
}

// stop cancels the sweep loop's context and waits for it to
// exit, bounded by the stop hook's context: a sweep wedged on a
// locked database must not hang the process past fx's stop
// timeout.
func (r *RetentionReaper) stop(ctx context.Context) error {
	r.log.Info("retention reaper stopping")

	if r.cancel != nil {
		r.cancel()
	}

	err := lifecycle.WaitForShutdown(
		ctx, r.log, "retention reaper", &r.wg,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	r.log.Info("retention reaper stopped")

	return nil
}

func (r *RetentionReaper) run(ctx context.Context) {
	defer r.wg.Done()

	ticker := time.NewTicker(r.interval)
	defer ticker.Stop()

	for {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return
		case <-ticker.C:
			r.sweep(ctx)
		}
	}
}

// sweep lists every webhook from the main database and reaps expired
// rows from each per-webhook database that has a finite retention
// policy. Webhooks set to retain forever are skipped entirely.
func (r *RetentionReaper) sweep(ctx context.Context) {
	var webhooks []Webhook

	err := r.db.DB().
		Model(&Webhook{}).
		Find(&webhooks).Error
	if err != nil {
		r.log.Error(
			"retention sweep: failed to list webhooks",
			"error", err,
		)

		return
	}

	for i := range webhooks {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return
		default:
		}

		wh := webhooks[i]

		// Skip retain-forever webhooks before building any query.
		// RetainsForever covers both the RetentionForeverDays
		// sentinel and the non-positive values that predate it: the
		// sentinel is a positive number, so without this the reaper
		// would compute a cutoff a thousand years in the past and
		// issue a DELETE matching nothing on every single sweep.
		if wh.RetainsForever() {
			continue
		}

		// Nothing to reap if the per-webhook database has never
		// been created.
		if !r.dbManager.DBExists(wh.ID) {
			continue
		}

		r.reapWebhook(ctx, wh.ID, wh.RetentionDays)
	}
}

// reapWebhook removes every expired event (and its dependents) from a
// single webhook's database, or as many as it reaches before ctx is
// cancelled.
func (r *RetentionReaper) reapWebhook(
	ctx context.Context,
	webhookID string,
	retentionDays int,
) {
	db, err := r.dbManager.GetDB(webhookID)
	if err != nil {
		r.log.Error(
			"retention sweep: failed to open webhook database",
			"webhook_id", webhookID,
			"error", err,
		)

		return
	}

	cutoff, ok := retentionCutoff(time.Now(), retentionDays)
	if !ok {
		return
	}

	deleted, err := reapExpired(ctx, db, cutoff)
	if err != nil {
		r.log.Error(
			"retention sweep: failed to reap expired events",
			"webhook_id", webhookID,
			"error", err,
		)

		return
	}

	if deleted > 0 {
		r.log.Info(
			"retention sweep: reaped expired events",
			"webhook_id", webhookID,
			"retention_days", retentionDays,
			"events_deleted", deleted,
		)
	}
}

// retentionCutoff returns the timestamp before which a webhook's
// events have expired, and whether any cutoff applies at all. It
// reports false for a retain-forever policy, so no DELETE is issued.
//
// The day count is clamped to MaxFiniteRetentionDays first. This is
// defense in depth rather than decoration: a time.Duration is an int64
// nanosecond count, so an unclamped multiplication overflows above
// that ceiling and wraps the span negative. Subtracting a negative
// span moves the cutoff into the far future, where it matches every
// row in the database: the sweep then deletes every event, delivery,
// and delivery result, including ones created seconds ago. Rejecting
// out-of-range input at the form is the primary guard; saturating here
// means an old row, a migration, or a future call site cannot turn a
// too-large retention into total data loss.
func retentionCutoff(
	now time.Time,
	retentionDays int,
) (time.Time, bool) {
	if retainsForever(retentionDays) {
		return time.Time{}, false
	}

	if retentionDays > MaxFiniteRetentionDays {
		retentionDays = MaxFiniteRetentionDays
	}

	return now.Add(
		-time.Duration(retentionDays*hoursPerDay) * time.Hour,
	), true
}

// reapExpired hard-deletes the events older than cutoff, with their
// deliveries and delivery results, reapBatchSize events per
// transaction with reapBatchPause between transactions, until none is
// left. Once ctx is cancelled it returns after the batch in hand,
// leaving the rest to the next sweep, so stopping the app does not
// wait for a long prune. It returns the number of events deleted.
func reapExpired(
	ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, cutoff time.Time,
) (int64, error) {
	var total int64

	for {
		var eventIDs []string

		err := db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
			err := tx.Unscoped().Model(&Event{}).
				Where("created_at < ?", cutoff).
				Limit(reapBatchSize).
				Pluck("id", &eventIDs).Error
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("selecting expired events: %w", err)
			}

			if len(eventIDs) == 0 {
				return nil
			}

			return deleteEvents(tx, eventIDs)
		})
		if err != nil {
			return total, err
		}

		total += int64(len(eventIDs))

		if len(eventIDs) < reapBatchSize {
			return total, nil
		}

		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return total, nil
		case <-time.After(reapBatchPause):
		}
	}
}

// deleteEvents hard-deletes the given events and, in foreign-key-safe
// order before them, their delivery results and deliveries, then adds
// what it deleted to the running totals. It runs on reapExpired's
// transaction, so the totals change exactly when the rows do. Deletes
// are unscoped so rows are physically removed rather than
// soft-deleted, reclaiming disk.
func deleteEvents(tx *gorm.DB, eventIDs []string) error {
	// 1. The delivery results of the events' deliveries.
	err := tx.Unscoped().
		Where("delivery_id IN (?)", tx.Unscoped().Model(&Delivery{}).
			Select("id").
			Where("event_id IN ?", eventIDs)).
		Delete(&DeliveryResult{}).Error
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("deleting expired delivery results: %w", err)
	}

	// 2. The events' deliveries, after counting them, and the failed
	// ones among them, per target. The status is tested in the select
	// list rather than the WHERE clause: there, SQLite would read every
	// failed delivery the webhook has through the status index,
	// instead of only these through the event_id index.
	var removed []TargetTotals

	err = tx.Unscoped().Model(&Delivery{}).
		Select("target_id, count(*) AS deliveries_removed, "+
			"count(CASE WHEN status = ? THEN 1 END) AS failed_removed",
			DeliveryStatusFailed).
		Where("event_id IN ?", eventIDs).
		Group("target_id").
		Find(&removed).Error
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("counting expired deliveries: %w", err)
	}

	err = tx.Unscoped().
		Where("event_id IN ?", eventIDs).
		Delete(&Delivery{}).Error
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("deleting expired deliveries: %w", err)
	}

	// 3. The events themselves.
	ev := tx.Unscoped().Where("id IN ?", eventIDs).Delete(&Event{})
	if ev.Error != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("deleting expired events: %w", ev.Error)
	}

	for i := range removed {
		err = AddTargetTotals(tx, removed[i])
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return AddEventTotals(tx, EventTotals{EventsRemoved: ev.RowsAffected})
}