Set fx.StopTimeout inside the container stop grace (closes #134)

fx defaults the stop timeout to 15s and the Dockerfile sets no
STOPSIGNAL or grace override, so Docker's 10s default SIGKILLs the
process five seconds before the bound can fire. Everything gated on
it — including the "shutdown timed out, goroutines still running"
error log that tells an operator a component is wedged — was
unreachable in the image this repo produces.

Set fx.StopTimeout to 5s: inside the grace with headroom for signal
delivery and process exit. The option set moves into newApp() so a
test can read (*fx.App).StopTimeout() back and pin it against
drift; dropping the option makes that test report fx's 15s default.

Lower the HTTP drain budget (server.ShutdownTimeout) from 5s to 3s.
fx bounds the whole stop sequence and returns without running its
remaining hooks once the stop context expires, so two equal values
meant a drain that used its full budget exhausted the sequence
budget at that instant and skipped every later hook — the delivery
engine, the healthcheck, the webhook DB manager and the database
close — in exactly the case where the drain mattered. The tail
hooks are microsecond-scale in normal operation, so 2s of remaining
budget is ample, and holding the total at 5s keeps a wide margin
under Docker's 10s grace. This does not make the database close
unconditional: the ArchiveSweeper and RetentionReaper hooks run
before the server and can still consume the whole budget.

Bound the Sentry flush by the remaining stop budget. The server's
stop hook is not only the drain: cleanShutdown calls sentry.Flush
after it, in the same hook, and sentry.Flush takes a bare duration
and honours no context. With SENTRY_DSN set to an unreachable
endpoint, a full-length drain plus a stalled 2s flush spent the
whole 5s sequence budget by itself and the tail hooks — database
close included — were skipped again, on a configuration the README
documents. SentryFlushBudget now clamps the flush to what is left
on the stop context less server.TailHookReserve, skipping it below
250ms rather than making a useless attempt, so a full-length drain
drops Sentry events instead of the database close.

TestStopTimeout_LeavesHeadroomForTailHooks now walks every drain
length the hook can produce and asserts drain plus flush still
leaves the 2s tail margin, so it covers the hook's real worst case
rather than the drain alone; unbounding the flush fails it at a
1.01s drain. TestSentryFlushBudget covers the clamp directly.

Also fix a latent coin flip in the shared stop-hook waiter. It
selected on the drained channel against ctx.Done() with no
preamble, and select picks uniformly among ready cases, so a
component that drained against an already-expired context reported
a timeout about half the time. Not reachable through fx, which
re-checks ctx.Err() before each hook, but the helper is shared and
a direct caller can reach it. waitDone now settles the drained case
in a non-blocking preamble first; the test drives it over 1000
passes, so a restored coin flip cannot pass by luck.

README records the real stop-hook order (ArchiveSweeper,
RetentionReaper, server, delivery.Engine, healthcheck,
WebhookDBManager, database close), the two timeouts and their
relationship, why the Sentry flush is clamped rather than allowed
its own fixed budget, and the container stop grace: that lowering
the grace below the bound puts SIGKILL back in front of it, and
that an expired stop context makes fx skip its remaining hooks, so
a wedge in the first-stopped component means the database close
never runs. The Package Layout tree gets its internal/lifecycle/
entry in the sorted position, dropping the out-of-order duplicate
this branch rebased onto.

README.md

@@ -1138,8 +1138,6 @@ webhooker/
 │   │   ├── archive_sweeper.go # Periodic pruning of idle archives
 │   │   ├── url_mask.go        # Strips credentials from *url.Error
 │   │   └── ssrf.go            # SSRF prevention (IP validation, safe HTTP transport)
-│   ├── lifecycle/
-│   │   └── lifecycle.go       # Shared fx start/stop hook helpers
 │   ├── handlers/
 │   │   ├── handlers.go        # Base handler struct, JSON helpers, template rendering
 │   │   ├── auth.go            # Login, logout handlers
@@ -1151,6 +1149,8 @@ webhooker/
 │   │   └── webhook.go         # Webhook receiver handler
 │   ├── healthcheck/
 │   │   └── healthcheck.go     # Health check service (uptime, version)
+│   ├── lifecycle/
+│   │   └── lifecycle.go       # Shared stop-hook waiter, bounded by the stop context
 │   ├── logger/
 │   │   └── logger.go          # slog setup with TTY detection
 │   ├── middleware/
@@ -1309,6 +1309,78 @@ rather than global: **LoginRateLimit** on `/pages/login`,
 - GORM soft deletes on every entity that carries `BaseModel`, which is
   all of them but `Setting` (data preserved for audit)
 
+### Shutdown
+
+On SIGINT or SIGTERM, fx runs the registered stop hooks in reverse
+dependency order under a **5 second budget** (`fx.StopTimeout` in
+`cmd/webhooker/main.go`). That budget covers the whole sequence, not
+each hook. The order, read off the fx stop-hook log:
+
+1. `ArchiveSweeper`
+2. `RetentionReaper`
+3. `server` — the HTTP drain, bounded separately by
+   `server.ShutdownTimeout` (**3 seconds**), then a Sentry flush if
+   `SENTRY_DSN` is set
+4. `delivery.Engine`
+5. `healthcheck`
+6. `WebhookDBManager`
+7. the database close
+
+The two components that can realistically hold the budget run
+first: a retention sweep or an archive prune caught mid-tick each
+waits on its `WaitGroup` bounded by the stop context, so a wedge
+there consumes the 5 seconds before the HTTP server hook is ever
+entered. The hooks after the server are microsecond-scale in normal
+operation.
+
+The HTTP drain budget is deliberately **shorter** than the sequence
+budget. Were the two equal, a drain that used its whole budget would
+exhaust the sequence budget at the instant it finished, and every
+later hook — the delivery engine, the healthcheck, the webhook DB
+manager and the database close — would be skipped in exactly the
+case where the drain mattered. 3 seconds leaves 2 seconds
+(`server.TailHookReserve`) for the tail, which is far more than the
+microseconds it needs.
+
+That reserve belongs to the tail hooks, not to the server hook, and
+the Sentry flush is what could take it: it runs after the drain
+**inside the same hook**, and `sentry.Flush` takes a bare duration
+and honours no context, so an unreachable Sentry endpoint would add
+its own timeout on top of a full-length drain and consume the whole
+sequence budget by itself. It is therefore clamped to whatever is
+left on the stop context minus the reserve, and skipped when that
+leaves too little to be worth attempting — so a full-length drain
+means Sentry events are dropped rather than the database close being
+skipped.
+
+This does not make the database close unconditional: a wedged
+`ArchiveSweeper` or `RetentionReaper` still runs first and can
+consume the whole budget on its own.
+
+The value is chosen to sit inside the container stop grace period.
+Docker's default `docker stop` grace is 10 seconds and the Dockerfile
+sets no `STOPSIGNAL` or grace override, so the process must be gone
+before that. fx's own default is 15 seconds, which is past the grace:
+the container would be SIGKILLed (exit 137) before the bound could
+fire, and nothing that depends on it — including the
+`shutdown timed out, goroutines still running` error log that tells
+an operator a component is wedged — would ever be reached.
+
+Two operational consequences follow from bounding the sequence:
+
+- **A wedged component aborts the rest of the shutdown.** fx checks
+  the stop context before each remaining hook and returns outright
+  once it has expired, skipping the hooks it has not reached. If the
+  first-stopped component consumes the whole budget, the later hooks
+  never run — **the database close among them**. SQLite is crash-safe,
+  so this is not corruption, but it is not a clean close either.
+- **Lowering the grace below 5 seconds reintroduces the silent
+  truncation.** `docker stop --time`, Compose's `stop_grace_period`,
+  or Kubernetes' `terminationGracePeriodSeconds` set under 5 seconds
+  put SIGKILL back in front of the bound, and the process dies with
+  no shutdown diagnostics at all. Keep the deployment's grace above
+  the stop timeout.
+
 ### Docker
 
 The Dockerfile uses a three-stage build. Each stage is pinned by

cmd/webhooker/main.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"time"
+
 	"go.uber.org/fx"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/config"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/database"
@@ -15,6 +17,33 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/session"
 )
 
+// stopTimeout bounds the whole fx stop sequence, not each hook.
+//
+// fx defaults to 15s, which is longer than Docker's 10s default
+// stop grace: the container would be SIGKILLed before the bound
+// could fire, so nothing bounded by it would ever be observed.
+// 5s leaves headroom inside that grace for signal delivery and
+// process exit; the observed wedge case already exits at ~5.3s,
+// so a larger bound would trade a rare skipped database close for
+// a more common hard kill.
+//
+// The server's stop hook must fit inside it with room to spare: a
+// hook that used the whole budget would exhaust it at that instant,
+// and fx would skip every hook after the server — the delivery
+// engine, the healthcheck, the webhook DB manager and the database
+// close. That hook is the 3s HTTP drain plus the Sentry flush that
+// follows it in the same hook, so the flush is clamped to the stop
+// context's remaining time less server.TailHookReserve rather than
+// running for its own fixed 2s; the reserve is what the tail hooks
+// live on, and they are microsecond-scale in normal operation.
+// TestStopTimeout_LeavesHeadroomForTailHooks pins the arithmetic
+// across every drain length.
+//
+// This does not make the database close unconditional: the
+// ArchiveSweeper and RetentionReaper hooks run before the server
+// and can still consume the whole budget on their own.
+const stopTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
 // Build-time variables set via -ldflags.
 //
 //nolint:gochecknoglobals // Build-time variables injected by the linker.
@@ -27,7 +56,14 @@ func main() {
 	globals.Appname = appname
 	globals.Version = version
 
-	fx.New(
+	newApp().Run()
+}
+
+// newApp builds the application graph. It is separate from main so
+// a test can assert the options it carries.
+func newApp() *fx.App {
+	return fx.New(
+		fx.StopTimeout(stopTimeout),
 		fx.Provide(
 			globals.New,
 			logger.New,
@@ -60,5 +96,5 @@ func main() {
 			) {
 			},
 		),
-	).Run()
+	)
 }

cmd/webhooker/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/server"
+)
+
+// dockerStopGrace is Docker's default `docker stop` grace period.
+// The Dockerfile sets no STOPSIGNAL or grace override, so this is
+// the deadline the container is actually held to, and the fx stop
+// timeout has to fit inside it with room for signal delivery and
+// process exit.
+const dockerStopGrace = 10 * time.Second
+
+// TestNewApp_StopTimeout pins the fx stop timeout. Without the
+// explicit fx.StopTimeout option the app reads fx's 15s
+// DefaultTimeout, which exceeds dockerStopGrace: the container is
+// SIGKILLed before the bound fires and every shutdown hook bounded
+// by it — including the operator-facing timeout log — becomes
+// unreachable in the image this repo produces.
+//
+// fx.New applies options before it executes invokes, so the timeout
+// is set whether or not the graph itself can be constructed here.
+func TestNewApp_StopTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("DATA_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	got := newApp().StopTimeout()
+
+	require.Equal(t, stopTimeout, got)
+	require.Less(t, got, dockerStopGrace)
+}
+
+// tailHeadroom is the slack the fx stop budget must keep beyond the
+// server stop hook. The hooks that run after the server — the
+// delivery engine, the healthcheck, the webhook DB manager and the
+// database close — are microsecond-scale in normal operation, so
+// this is generous for them.
+const tailHeadroom = 2 * time.Second
+
+// TestStopTimeout_LeavesHeadroomForTailHooks pins the relationship
+// between the server's stop hook and the fx stop budget. fx bounds
+// the whole stop sequence, and returns without running its
+// remaining hooks once the stop context has expired. If the hook
+// could use the entire budget, every later hook — the database close
+// included — would be skipped in exactly the case where the drain
+// mattered.
+//
+// The hook is not just the HTTP drain: a Sentry flush follows it in
+// the same hook, and sentry.Flush honours no context, so both halves
+// have to be counted. The sweep walks every drain length the hook
+// can produce, since a shorter drain leaves the flush more room and
+// the worst case is not necessarily at either extreme.
+//
+// Shrinking either budget, or unbounding the flush again, must fail
+// here rather than silently recreating a hook that swallows the
+// whole sequence.
+func TestStopTimeout_LeavesHeadroomForTailHooks(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	require.Less(t, server.ShutdownTimeout, stopTimeout)
+
+	const step = 10 * time.Millisecond
+
+	for drain := time.Duration(0); drain <= server.ShutdownTimeout; drain += step {
+		hook := drain + server.SentryFlushBudget(stopTimeout-drain)
+
+		require.LessOrEqual(
+			t, hook+tailHeadroom, stopTimeout,
+			"a %s drain leaves the tail hooks short", drain,
+		)
+	}
+}

internal/lifecycle/export_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package lifecycle
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+)
+
+// WaitDone exposes waitDone to the external test package. Only the
+// unexported waiter can be handed a channel that is already closed
+// before the call, which is the state the preamble exists for;
+// through WaitForShutdown the waiter goroutine may or may not have
+// closed the channel yet, so the case is not reachable
+// deterministically from outside.
+func WaitDone(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	log *slog.Logger,
+	component string,
+	done <-chan struct{},
+) error {
+	return waitDone(ctx, log, component, done)
+}

internal/lifecycle/lifecycle.go

@@ -38,6 +38,29 @@ func WaitForShutdown(
 		wg.Wait()
 	}()
 
+	return waitDone(ctx, log, component, done)
+}
+
+// waitDone waits for done to close, bounded by ctx.
+//
+// The non-blocking preamble is load-bearing. When the component has
+// already drained and ctx has already expired, both cases of the
+// bounded select are ready and Go picks between them uniformly at
+// random, so a clean shutdown would be reported as a timeout about
+// half the time. Draining wins: the goroutines are gone, and there
+// is nothing left for the operator to act on.
+func waitDone(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	log *slog.Logger,
+	component string,
+	done <-chan struct{},
+) error {
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		return nil
+	default:
+	}
+
 	select {
 	case <-done:
 		return nil

internal/lifecycle/lifecycle_test.go

@@ -37,6 +37,57 @@ func TestWaitForShutdown_DrainedGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 }
 
+// racePasses is how many times the both-cases-ready race is run.
+// Without the preamble each pass is an independent coin flip, so
+// the probability of the whole loop passing by luck is 2^-N: at
+// this N the test is deterministic in practice, and it involves no
+// wall-clock waiting at all.
+const racePasses = 1000
+
+// TestWaitDone_DrainedBeforeExpiredContext covers the case where a
+// component drained cleanly but the stop context had already
+// expired. Both select cases are ready, and Go chooses among ready
+// cases uniformly at random, so the drained case must be settled by
+// the preamble before the bounded select ever runs.
+func TestWaitDone_DrainedBeforeExpiredContext(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	close(done)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	for pass := range racePasses {
+		require.NoErrorf(
+			t,
+			lifecycle.WaitDone(
+				ctx, discardLogger(), "test component", done,
+			),
+			"pass %d reported a timeout for a drained component",
+			pass,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWaitDone_ExpiredContext pins the other side of the preamble:
+// an expired context with a component that has not drained is still
+// a timeout.
+func TestWaitDone_ExpiredContext(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := lifecycle.WaitDone(
+		ctx, discardLogger(), "test component",
+		make(chan struct{}),
+	)
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "test component")
+}
+
 func TestWaitForShutdown_ContextExpires(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 

internal/server/server.go

@@ -24,15 +24,48 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	// shutdownTimeout is the maximum time to wait for the HTTP
+	// ShutdownTimeout is the maximum time to wait for the HTTP
 	// server to finish in-flight requests during shutdown.
-	shutdownTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+	//
+	// It must stay strictly below the fx stop timeout in
+	// cmd/webhooker, which bounds the whole stop sequence: a drain
+	// that used the entire sequence budget would leave nothing for
+	// the hooks that run after the server, including the database
+	// close. It is exported so that relationship can be tested.
+	ShutdownTimeout = 3 * time.Second
 
-	// sentryFlushTimeout is the maximum time to wait for Sentry
+	// TailHookReserve is the share of the fx stop budget this hook
-	// to flush pending events during shutdown.
+	// refuses to spend, leaving it for the hooks that run after the
+	// server: the delivery engine, the healthcheck, the webhook DB
+	// manager and the database close.
+	TailHookReserve = 2 * time.Second
+
+	// sentryFlushTimeout is the longest wait for Sentry to flush
+	// pending events during shutdown, before the remaining stop
+	// budget is taken into account.
 	sentryFlushTimeout = 2 * time.Second
+
+	// minSentryFlush is the shortest flush worth attempting. Below
+	// it the remaining budget goes to the tail hooks instead.
+	minSentryFlush = 250 * time.Millisecond
 )
 
+// SentryFlushBudget reports how long the Sentry flush may run when
+// remaining is the time left on the fx stop context after the HTTP
+// drain. sentry.Flush takes a bare duration and honours no context,
+// so this clamp is the only thing keeping a stalled flush from
+// spending the tail hooks' share of the budget on top of a
+// full-length drain. TailHookReserve is held back, and anything
+// under minSentryFlush is skipped rather than attempted uselessly.
+func SentryFlushBudget(remaining time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	budget := min(remaining-TailHookReserve, sentryFlushTimeout)
+	if budget < minSentryFlush {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	return budget
+}
+
 //nolint:revive // ServerParams is a standard fx naming convention.
 type ServerParams struct {
 	fx.In
@@ -164,7 +197,7 @@ func (s *Server) cleanShutdown(ctx context.Context) {
 	s.exitCode = 0
 
 	ctxShutdown, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(
-		ctx, shutdownTimeout,
+		ctx, ShutdownTimeout,
 	)
 	defer shutdownCancel()
 
@@ -178,10 +211,31 @@ func (s *Server) cleanShutdown(ctx context.Context) {
 	s.cleanupForExit()
 
 	if s.sentryEnabled {
-		sentry.Flush(sentryFlushTimeout)
+		s.flushSentry(ctx)
 	}
 }
 
+// flushSentry drains Sentry's queue inside what is left of the fx
+// stop budget. A context carrying no deadline — a caller outside the
+// fx lifecycle — gets the full timeout.
+func (s *Server) flushSentry(ctx context.Context) {
+	flush := sentryFlushTimeout
+
+	if deadline, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok {
+		flush = SentryFlushBudget(time.Until(deadline))
+	}
+
+	if flush <= 0 {
+		s.log.Warn(
+			"skipping sentry flush, stop budget exhausted",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	sentry.Flush(flush)
+}
+
 func (s *Server) configure() {
 	// identify ourselves in the logs
 	s.params.Logger.Identify()

internal/server/shutdown_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package server_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/webhooker/internal/server"
+)
+
+// TestSentryFlushBudget covers the clamp that keeps the Sentry flush
+// from spending the tail hooks' share of the fx stop budget.
+// sentry.Flush ignores the stop context, so without the clamp a
+// stalled flush adds its whole timeout on top of the HTTP drain.
+func TestSentryFlushBudget(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		remaining time.Duration
+		want      time.Duration
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "full drain leaves only the reserve",
+			remaining: server.TailHookReserve,
+			want:      0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "expired budget",
+			remaining: -time.Second,
+			want:      0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "sliver above the reserve is not worth it",
+			remaining: server.TailHookReserve + 10*time.Millisecond,
+			want:      0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "partial flush when some room is left",
+			remaining: server.TailHookReserve + time.Second,
+			want:      time.Second,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "capped at the nominal timeout",
+			remaining: time.Hour,
+			want:      2 * time.Second,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			require.Equal(
+				t, tt.want, server.SentryFlushBudget(tt.remaining),
+			)
+		})
+	}
+}