Derive the image's version from the .git in the build context (closes #366)

upaas uploads its clone as a tar context, which .dockerignore does not filter, so its builds already carried .git; the unknown default of the VERSION build arg is what stamped them. The image now derives its version itself: ARG VERSION has no default, so make build falls back to script/version, which runs git describe on the copied .git; a VERSION build arg still wins.

.dockerignore sends .git without its config in a directory context and no longer leaves out tracked files, which would mark the tree -dirty. The builder installs git, trusts /build as a safe.directory, and fails when .git is present but the version comes out unknown. A shallow single-branch clone stamps its short commit.

Model: opus-5-5

.gitea/workflows/check.yml

@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2 2024-10-23
         with:
-          # The fingerprint step below needs history to find the last commit
-          # that touched the Docker build context, and the superseded-status
-          # step needs it to walk ancestors (it aborts on a shallow clone).
+          # The superseded-status step needs history to walk ancestors (it
+          # aborts on a shallow clone).
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Mark superseded run statuses
@@ -28,16 +27,11 @@ jobs:
         run: script/ci-mark-superseded
 
       - name: Fingerprint the build context
-        # `.dockerignore` keeps docs out of the build context, so a docs-only
-        # commit legitimately replays the whole image from cache and stays
-        # cheap. Every other commit writes a new fingerprint into the context,
-        # which invalidates the `COPY . .` layer of both check stages: a
-        # commit that was never linted, formatted-checked, tested and built
-        # cannot report success from cache.
-        run: |
-          set -eu
-          fp="$(git log -1 --format=%H -- . ':!*.md' ':!LICENSE' ':!.editorconfig')"
-          printf '%s\n' "${fp:-$GITHUB_SHA}" > .ci-fingerprint
+        # Writes the hash of the commit being checked into the context, which
+        # invalidates the `COPY . .` layer of both check stages: a commit
+        # that was never linted, format-checked, tested and built cannot
+        # report success from cache.
+        run: git rev-parse HEAD > .ci-fingerprint
 
       - name: Build Docker image (runs make check)
         run: script/cibuild