Make the HSTS max-age configurable with HSTS_MAX_AGE (closes #271)

HSTS_MAX_AGE, a Go duration, sets the max-age of the
Strict-Transport-Security header. Unset, it is ten years (87600h);
0 sends no header at all. A negative value, or one that is not a
whole number of seconds, stops startup like an unparseable one.
includeSubDomains and preload stay in the header. The value is shown
on /settings and in the startup log, and the README's HSTS section
now says what each part of the header commits the operator to.

Model: opus-5-5

internal/middleware/middleware.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -535,18 +536,23 @@ func (s *Middleware) MetricsAuth() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 }
 
 // SecurityHeaders returns middleware that sets production security
-// headers on every response: HSTS, X-Content-Type-Options,
-// X-Frame-Options, CSP, Referrer-Policy, and Permissions-Policy.
+// headers on every response: HSTS (unless HSTS_MAX_AGE is zero),
+// X-Content-Type-Options, X-Frame-Options, CSP, Referrer-Policy, and
+// Permissions-Policy.
 func (s *Middleware) SecurityHeaders() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	maxAge := s.params.Config.HSTSMaxAge
+	hsts := "max-age=" + strconv.FormatInt(int64(maxAge/time.Second), 10) +
+		"; includeSubDomains; preload"
+
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(
 			w http.ResponseWriter,
 			r *http.Request,
 		) {
-			w.Header().Set(
-				"Strict-Transport-Security",
-				"max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload",
-			)
+			if maxAge > 0 {
+				w.Header().Set("Strict-Transport-Security", hsts)
+			}
+
 			w.Header().Set(
 				"X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff",
 			)

internal/middleware/middleware_test.go

@@ -745,6 +745,70 @@ func TestNoCache_SetsHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 }
 
+// --- SecurityHeaders Middleware Tests ---
+
+// hstsHeaders serves one request through SecurityHeaders built over
+// a Config with the given HSTSMaxAge, and returns every
+// Strict-Transport-Security value on the response.
+func hstsHeaders(t *testing.T, maxAge time.Duration) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{HSTSMaxAge: maxAge}
+	m := middlewaretest.New(
+		t, slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), cfg,
+		newTestSessionManager(t, cfg),
+	)
+
+	handler := m.SecurityHeaders()(http.HandlerFunc(
+		func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		},
+	))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
+		context.Background(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil,
+	)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	return w.Header().Values("Strict-Transport-Security")
+}
+
+func TestSecurityHeaders_HSTS(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		maxAge   time.Duration
+		expected []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "default of ten years",
+			maxAge:   87600 * time.Hour,
+			expected: []string{"max-age=315360000; includeSubDomains; preload"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "custom value is sent in seconds",
+			maxAge:   90 * time.Minute,
+			expected: []string{"max-age=5400; includeSubDomains; preload"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "zero sends no header",
+			maxAge:   0,
+			expected: nil,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, hstsHeaders(t, tt.maxAge))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // --- MaxBodySize Middleware Tests ---
 
 const testBodyLimit int64 = 64