diff --git a/internal/server/server.go b/internal/server/server.go
index a3aba0c..1aa30d7 100644
--- a/internal/server/server.go
+++ b/internal/server/server.go
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func (s *Server) serve() int {
 		s.log.Info("signal received", "signal", sig.String())
 		if s.cancelFunc != nil {
 			// cancelling the main context will trigger a clean
-			// shutdown.
+			// shutdown via the fx OnStop hook.
 			s.cancelFunc()
 		}
 	}()
@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ func (s *Server) serve() int {
 	go s.serveUntilShutdown()
 
 	<-s.ctx.Done()
-	s.cleanShutdown()
+	// Shutdown is handled by the fx OnStop hook (cleanShutdown).
+	// Do not call cleanShutdown() here to avoid a double invocation.
 	return s.exitCode
 }