Harden operator-set target headers (closes #233)

Three findings from the review of the per-target request headers
feature.

Configured headers no longer follow a redirect off the origin the
target names. net/http withholds only Authorization and Cookie
across a host change, so an operator's X-Api-Key or PRIVATE-TOKEN
would follow a 302 to a host they never configured. Redirects are
still followed — refusing them would break every destination that
legitimately redirects and would record the 3xx as the delivery's
result — but a hop to another host, another port, or down from
https to http drops every header the target configured. The shared
SSRF-safe transport is kept on that client, so each hop is still
dialled through the private-IP guard.

Trailer joins the reserved names. net/http strips it from the
request it writes, so a configured one was accepted, stored, and
provably never sent.

The invalid-header-name error no longer quotes the text before the
first colon. That text is only a name if it parses as one; when it
does not, a pasted value whose own colon split the line put half a
token into a 400 body. TestParseTargetHeaders_ErrorsNeverQuoteAValue
asserted this invariant while only exercising the after-the-colon
case, and now covers the before-the-colon one.

README documents the http target's config keys, the 300-second
timeout ceiling, the reserved-header list and the redirect
behaviour; the edit form's hint gains Trailer and the redirect note.

internal/delivery/redirect.go

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package delivery
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// maxDeliveryRedirects caps a redirect chain. Installing a
+// CheckRedirect replaces net/http's default policy including its
+// own limit, so the limit is restated rather than dropped.
+const maxDeliveryRedirects = 10
+
+// schemeHTTPS names the scheme the origin comparison treats
+// specially: a step down from it is never the same origin.
+const schemeHTTPS = "https"
+
+var errTooManyRedirects = errors.New("too many redirects")
+
+// configuredHeaderRedirectPolicy returns a CheckRedirect that
+// drops a target's configured headers once a redirect leaves the
+// origin the operator configured.
+//
+// net/http withholds Authorization and Cookie across a host change
+// and forwards everything else. A target header is routinely a
+// credential under another name — X-Api-Key, PRIVATE-TOKEN,
+// X-Auth-Token — so an open redirect at an otherwise trusted
+// destination would hand that credential to a host the operator
+// never named. Redirects are still followed: refusing them would
+// break every destination that legitimately redirects and would
+// record the 3xx as the delivery's result.
+//
+// Each hop is dialled through the same SSRF-safe transport, whose
+// guard runs per connection, so a redirect aimed at a private or
+// reserved address is still refused at connect time.
+func configuredHeaderRedirectPolicy(
+	headers map[string]string,
+) func(*http.Request, []*http.Request) error {
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(headers))
+	for name := range headers {
+		names = append(names, http.CanonicalHeaderKey(name))
+	}
+
+	return func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+		if len(via) >= maxDeliveryRedirects {
+			return fmt.Errorf(
+				"%w: stopped after %d",
+				errTooManyRedirects, maxDeliveryRedirects,
+			)
+		}
+
+		if sameDeliveryOrigin(via[0].URL, req.URL) {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		for _, name := range names {
+			req.Header.Del(name)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// sameDeliveryOrigin reports whether dest is close enough to the
+// configured target URL to keep carrying its configured headers.
+//
+// This is stricter than the rule net/http applies to Authorization:
+// the port is part of the comparison (a different port is a
+// different service), and a subdomain of the configured host is not
+// the same origin. An https origin stepping down to http is never
+// the same origin whatever the hosts are, because that puts the
+// header on the wire in clear.
+func sameDeliveryOrigin(origin, dest *url.URL) bool {
+	if origin.Scheme == schemeHTTPS && dest.Scheme != schemeHTTPS {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return originHostPort(origin) == originHostPort(dest)
+}
+
+// originHostPort renders a URL's host for comparison, lowercased
+// and with the scheme's default port normalised away so that
+// "https://h" and "https://h:443" are one origin.
+func originHostPort(u *url.URL) string {
+	host := strings.ToLower(u.Hostname())
+
+	port := u.Port()
+	if port == "" ||
+		(u.Scheme == "http" && port == "80") ||
+		(u.Scheme == schemeHTTPS && port == "443") {
+		return host
+	}
+
+	return host + ":" + port
+}