Refuse an exclude pattern that does not compile at config load (closes #455)

An exclude pattern that did not compile was skipped with a warning during the backup, which then stored what the user meant to leave out. Config.Validate now refuses it, naming the setting and quoting the pattern, for example exclude[2]: "build[" is not a valid exclude pattern: ...

The compile step moves to config.CompileExcludePattern, which Validate and the scanner both call. The scanner's skip-and-warn path is gone; a pattern that does not compile there now fails the scanner.

Model: opus-5-5

README.md

@@ -448,8 +448,6 @@ remove the snapshot's metadata from it (`vaultik prune` does not). For a
 snapshot that is only on the destination store, that failure is an error. To
 wipe everything on the destination in one go, use `vaultik remote nuke --force`.
 
-- Accepts a snapshot ID, or — for a snapshot only on the destination store — its
-  remote key (or an unambiguous leading part of it) as shown by `snapshot list`.
 - `--local-only`: Skip remote cleanup; only touch the local index
 - `--dry-run`: Show what would be deleted without deleting
 - `--force`: Skip confirmation prompt

internal/cli/app.go

@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ func runVaultikApp(
 		},
 		Mode: mode,
 	}, op, func(err error) {
-		log.Error(failMsg, "error", err)
+		log.Info(failMsg, "error", err)
 		ReportErrorf("%s: %v", failMsg, err)
 	})
 }

internal/cli/entry.go

@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ func emitStartupBanner(args []string, w io.Writer) {
 // 🛑 ERROR: format. Use it from goroutine error paths (where returning
 // an error to cobra isn't an option) and anywhere else a CLI command
 // must surface a failure outside the normal RunE return path.
+//
+// This line is the one report of the failure. A caller that also logs
+// the failure logs it at info level, so the record appears only under
+// --verbose or --debug and the error is not printed twice.
 func ReportErrorf(format string, args ...any) {
 	ui.New(os.Stderr).Errorf(format, args...)
 }

internal/cli/entry_failure_once_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+package cli //nolint:testpackage // shares the fixtures and capture helpers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"filippo.io/age"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/database"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/ui"
+)
+
+const (
+	// errorLinePrefix starts the final line that reports a failed command.
+	errorLinePrefix = "ERROR: "
+
+	flagVerbose = "--verbose"
+	cmdRestore  = "restore"
+
+	// blobsDir is the directory of a destination store that holds the
+	// blobs.
+	blobsDir = "blobs"
+)
+
+// TestEntryFailureIsPrintedOnce runs commands that fail after startup
+// against a destination they cannot use. `info` is not among them: it
+// cannot fail after startup.
+//
+//nolint:paralleltest // replaces os.Args, os.Stdout, os.Stderr and the xdg globals
+func TestEntryFailureIsPrintedOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, command := range [][]string{
+		{cmdSnapshot, cmdCreate},
+		{cmdSnapshot, cmdRemove, someSnapshotID},
+		{cmdSnapshot, cmdVerify, someSnapshotID},
+		{cmdRemote, cmdInfo},
+		{cmdPrune, flagJSON},
+	} {
+		for _, verbose := range []bool{false, true} {
+			name := fmt.Sprintf("%s verbose=%t", strings.Join(command, " "), verbose)
+
+			t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				requireErrorPrintedOnce(t, verbose, append([]string{flagConfig,
+					writeUnusableDestinationConfig(t)}, command...)...)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEntryBlobUploadFailureIsPrintedOnce backs up to a destination
+// whose blobs directory is a file, so the blob upload fails.
+//
+//nolint:paralleltest // replaces os.Args, os.Stdout, os.Stderr and the xdg globals
+func TestEntryBlobUploadFailureIsPrintedOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, verbose := range []bool{false, true} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("verbose=%t", verbose), func(t *testing.T) {
+			configPath, storeDir := writeBackupConfig(t)
+
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(
+				filepath.Join(storeDir, blobsDir), nil, 0o600))
+
+			requireErrorPrintedOnce(t, verbose,
+				flagConfig, configPath, cmdSnapshot, cmdCreate)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEntryBlobDownloadFailureIsPrintedOnce backs up, deletes the blobs
+// from the destination, and restores, so the blob download fails.
+//
+//nolint:paralleltest // replaces os.Args, os.Stdout, os.Stderr and the xdg globals
+func TestEntryBlobDownloadFailureIsPrintedOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, verbose := range []bool{false, true} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("verbose=%t", verbose), func(t *testing.T) {
+			configPath, storeDir := writeBackupConfigWithPrivateKey(t)
+
+			code, _, _ := runEntry(t,
+				flagConfig, configPath, cmdSnapshot, cmdCreate)
+			require.Equal(t, 0, code)
+
+			require.NoError(t, os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(storeDir, blobsDir)))
+
+			requireErrorPrintedOnce(t, verbose, flagConfig, configPath,
+				cmdSnapshot, cmdRestore, onlySnapshotID(t, configPath), t.TempDir())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// requireErrorPrintedOnce runs Entry with args, adding --verbose when
+// verbose is set. The command must fail, and stderr must carry its error
+// once, as the final ERROR: line. A log record carrying the same error
+// appears only under --verbose.
+func requireErrorPrintedOnce(t *testing.T, verbose bool, args ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if verbose {
+		args = append(args, flagVerbose)
+	}
+
+	code, _, stderr := runEntry(t, args...)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, code)
+
+	errorLine, records := failureOutput(t, stderr)
+
+	if !verbose {
+		assert.Zero(t, records,
+			"without --verbose no log record repeats the error:\n%s", stderr)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	assert.NotZero(t, records,
+		"--verbose must keep the log record of %q", errorLine)
+}
+
+// failureOutput requires stderr to hold exactly one ERROR: line and
+// returns it, with the number of log records whose error attribute is
+// the error that line reports. stderr is a pipe here, so every log
+// record is a JSON object on its own line.
+func failureOutput(t *testing.T, stderr string) (string, int) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var (
+		errorLines []string
+		records    []map[string]any
+	)
+
+	for line := range strings.Lines(stderr) {
+		var record map[string]any
+		if json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &record) == nil {
+			records = append(records, record)
+
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if strings.Contains(line, errorLinePrefix) {
+			errorLines = append(errorLines, strings.TrimSpace(line))
+		}
+	}
+
+	require.Len(t, errorLines, 1,
+		"the error must be printed once as an ERROR: line:\n%s", stderr)
+
+	// An error can run over several lines; the ERROR: line holds the
+	// first of them.
+	repeats := 0
+
+	for _, record := range records {
+		failure, ok := record["error"].(string)
+		firstLine, _, _ := strings.Cut(failure, "\n")
+
+		if ok && strings.Contains(errorLines[0], firstLine) {
+			repeats++
+		}
+	}
+
+	return errorLines[0], repeats
+}
+
+// writeBackupConfigWithPrivateKey builds what writeBackupConfig builds,
+// with a generated key pair in place of its recipient. The config also
+// holds the private key, so that restore can decrypt the backup. Returns
+// the config path and the store directory.
+func writeBackupConfigWithPrivateKey(t *testing.T) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	configPath, storeDir := writeBackupConfig(t)
+
+	identity, err := age.GenerateX25519Identity()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	out := ui.NewWithColor(io.Discard, false)
+
+	require.NoError(t, writeConfigSet(out, configPath,
+		"age_recipients.0", identity.Recipient().String()))
+	require.NoError(t, writeConfigSet(out, configPath,
+		"age_secret_key", identity.String()))
+
+	return configPath, storeDir
+}
+
+// onlySnapshotID returns the ID of the one snapshot in the local index
+// that writeBackupConfig puts beside the config file.
+func onlySnapshotID(t *testing.T, configPath string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	db, err := database.New(ctx,
+		filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(configPath), "index.sqlite"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	defer func() { require.NoError(t, db.Close()) }()
+
+	backedUp, err := database.NewRepositories(db).Snapshots.GetOnlySnapshot(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return backedUp.ID.String()
+}

internal/cli/entry_snapshot_create_prune_test.go

@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ func TestEntrySnapshotCreateRejectsKeepNewerThanBeforeBackup(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestEntrySnapshotCreateReportsPostBackupPruneFailure makes the
 // post-backup prune fail after a good backup, by planting a manifest
-// that cannot be decoded, and checks that the failure is reported as the
+// that cannot be decoded, and checks that the failure is reported once,
-// prune's and not as a failed snapshot creation.
+// as the prune's and not as a failed snapshot creation.
 //
 //nolint:paralleltest // replaces os.Args, os.Stdout, os.Stderr and the xdg globals
 func TestEntrySnapshotCreateReportsPostBackupPruneFailure(t *testing.T) {
@@ -83,6 +83,9 @@ func TestEntrySnapshotCreateReportsPostBackupPruneFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, stderr, "Backup completed, but post-backup prune failed")
 	assert.NotContains(t, stderr, "Snapshot creation failed")
 
+	_, repeats := failureOutput(t, stderr)
+	assert.Zero(t, repeats, "no log record may repeat the error:\n%s", stderr)
+
 	snapshots, err := os.ReadDir(filepath.Join(storeDir, "metadata"))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Len(t, snapshots, 2,
@@ -93,7 +96,8 @@ func TestEntrySnapshotCreateReportsPostBackupPruneFailure(t *testing.T) {
 // empties the source directory, as a volume that is not mounted leaves
 // its mount point, and runs `snapshot create --prune`. The command exits
 // non-zero and reports the backup as completed, not as a failed snapshot
-// creation. See https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/vaultik/issues/388.
+// creation. The error is printed once. See
+// https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/vaultik/issues/388.
 //
 //nolint:paralleltest // replaces os.Args, os.Stdout, os.Stderr and the xdg globals
 func TestEntrySnapshotCreatePruneExitsNonZeroWhenSourceIsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
@@ -114,6 +118,9 @@ func TestEntrySnapshotCreatePruneExitsNonZeroWhenSourceIsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 		"Backup completed, but 1 source path(s) were empty")
 	assert.NotContains(t, stderr, "Snapshot creation failed")
 
+	_, repeats := failureOutput(t, stderr)
+	assert.Zero(t, repeats, "no log record may repeat the error:\n%s", stderr)
+
 	snapshots, err := os.ReadDir(filepath.Join(storeDir, "metadata"))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Len(t, snapshots, 2, "the older snapshot is kept")
@@ -124,7 +131,8 @@ func TestEntrySnapshotCreatePruneExitsNonZeroWhenSourceIsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 // directory as a mount point, and runs `snapshot create --prune`, which
 // does not find it as one. The command exits non-zero, reports the
 // backup as completed, not as a failed snapshot creation, and keeps the
-// older snapshot. See https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/vaultik/issues/395.
+// older snapshot. The error is printed once. See
+// https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/vaultik/issues/395.
 //
 //nolint:paralleltest // replaces os.Args, os.Stdout, os.Stderr and the xdg globals
 func TestEntrySnapshotCreatePruneExitsNonZeroWhenMountPointIsMissing(
@@ -159,6 +167,9 @@ func TestEntrySnapshotCreatePruneExitsNonZeroWhenMountPointIsMissing(
 		"an earlier snapshot recorded were not found")
 	assert.NotContains(t, stderr, "Snapshot creation failed")
 
+	_, repeats := failureOutput(t, stderr)
+	assert.Zero(t, repeats, "no log record may repeat the error:\n%s", stderr)
+
 	snapshots, err := os.ReadDir(filepath.Join(storeDir, "metadata"))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Len(t, snapshots, 2, "the older snapshot is kept")

internal/cli/info.go

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func NewInfoCommand() *cobra.Command {
 			}, func(v *vaultik.Vaultik) error {
 				return v.ShowInfo()
 			}, func(err error) {
-				log.Error("Failed to show info", "error", err)
+				log.Info("Failed to show info", "error", err)
 				ReportErrorf("Failed to show info: %v", err)
 			})
 		},

internal/cli/prune.go

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ referenced.`,
 			}, func(v *vaultik.Vaultik) error {
 				return v.Prune(opts)
 			}, func(err error) {
-				log.Error("Prune operation failed", "error", err)
+				log.Info("Prune operation failed", "error", err)
 				ReportErrorf("Prune failed: %v", err)
 			})
 		},

internal/cli/remote.go

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func newRemoteInfoCommand() *cobra.Command {
 			}, func(v *vaultik.Vaultik) error {
 				return v.RemoteInfo(jsonOutput)
 			}, func(err error) {
-				log.Error("Failed to get remote info", "error", err)
+				log.Info("Failed to get remote info", "error", err)
 				ReportErrorf("Failed to get remote info: %v", err)
 			})
 		},

internal/cli/snapshot.go

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ on Linux), then /etc/vaultik/config.yml.`,
 				return v.CreateSnapshot(opts)
 			}, func(err error) {
 				if errors.Is(err, vaultik.ErrPostBackupPruneFailed) {
-					log.Error("Post-backup prune failed", "error", err)
+					log.Info("Post-backup prune failed", "error", err)
 					ReportErrorf("Backup completed, but %v", err)
 
 					return
@@ -118,13 +118,13 @@ on Linux), then /etc/vaultik/config.yml.`,
 				if errors.Is(err, vaultik.ErrFilesUnreadable) ||
 					errors.Is(err, vaultik.ErrSourcePathEmpty) ||
 					errors.Is(err, vaultik.ErrVolumeNotMounted) {
-					log.Error("Backup completed with an error", "error", err)
+					log.Info("Backup completed with an error", "error", err)
 					ReportErrorf("Backup completed, but %v", err)
 
 					return
 				}
 
-				log.Error("Snapshot creation failed", "error", err)
+				log.Info("Snapshot creation failed", "error", err)
 				ReportErrorf("Snapshot creation failed: %v", err)
 			})
 		},
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ func newSnapshotVerifyCommand() *cobra.Command {
 					return
 				}
 
-				log.Error("Verification failed", "error", err)
+				log.Info("Verification failed", "error", err)
 				ReportErrorf("Verification failed: %v", err)
 			})
 		},
@@ -288,10 +288,6 @@ know about), which is what 'vaultik prune' does. The command prints the
 'vaultik prune' invocation to run as a follow-up only when it removed the
 snapshot's metadata from the destination store, and never under --json.
 
-The snapshot may be named by its ID or, on a host with no local index, by
-the remote key that 'snapshot list' prints for a remote-only snapshot (an
-unambiguous leading part is enough).
-
 An ID that names no snapshot in the local index or on the destination
 store is an error.
 

internal/cli/snapshot_restore.go

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func runRestore(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, opts *RestoreOptions) error {
 			SkipErrors: rootFlags.SkipErrors,
 		})
 	}, func(err error) {
-		log.Error("Restore operation failed", "error", err)
+		log.Info("Restore operation failed", "error", err)
 		ReportErrorf("Restore failed: %v", err)
 	})
 }

internal/config/config.go

@@ -396,6 +396,8 @@ func Parse(data []byte) (*Config, error) {
 //     never the value. An empty list is accepted, because only snapshot
 //     create needs a recipient and it checks for one itself
 //   - At least one snapshot must be configured with at least one path
+//   - Every exclude pattern, global or in a snapshot, must compile; errors
+//     name the setting and quote the pattern
 //   - Storage must be configured (either storage_url or s3.* fields)
 //   - The index path must be absolute: a relative one would resolve against
 //     the working directory, so each directory would get its own index
@@ -416,18 +418,18 @@ func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if len(c.Snapshots) == 0 {
+	err := c.validateSnapshots()
-		return errNoSnapshots
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	for name, snap := range c.Snapshots {
+	err = c.validateExcludes()
-		if len(snap.Paths) == 0 {
+	if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q", errSnapshotNoPaths, name)
+		return err
-		}
 	}
 
 	// Validate storage configuration
-	err := c.validateStorage()
+	err = c.validateStorage()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -466,6 +468,22 @@ func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// validateSnapshots refuses a config with no snapshot or with a snapshot
+// that has no path.
+func (c *Config) validateSnapshots() error {
+	if len(c.Snapshots) == 0 {
+		return errNoSnapshots
+	}
+
+	for name, snap := range c.Snapshots {
+		if len(snap.Paths) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q", errSnapshotNoPaths, name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // validateAgeRecipient parses one age_recipients entry with the age library
 // and returns a value-free error on failure. A recipient string can be
 // sensitive (an operator may paste a secret key by mistake), so neither the

internal/config/exclude.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
+)
+
+var errBadExcludePattern = errors.New("is not a valid exclude pattern")
+
+// CompileExcludePattern compiles one exclude pattern into the globs that
+// match it. anchored reports whether the pattern matches only from the root
+// of the source directory. An empty pattern yields no globs. Config.Validate
+// and the scanner both compile patterns with it, so a pattern that loads is
+// one the scanner can use.
+func CompileExcludePattern(pattern string) ([]glob.Glob, bool, error) {
+	if pattern == "" {
+		return nil, false, nil
+	}
+
+	// A leading "/" anchors the pattern to the source directory.
+	trimmed, anchored := strings.CutPrefix(pattern, "/")
+
+	// A trailing "/" marks a directory and is not matched.
+	trimmed = strings.TrimSuffix(trimmed, "/")
+
+	// A leading "**/" demands a "/" before the name and so misses an
+	// entry directly under the source path. It means "at every depth",
+	// which is what an unanchored pattern already does, so drop the
+	// prefix and match unanchored: as in gitignore, "**/x" and
+	// "/**/x" then also match a top-level "x".
+	if rest, found := strings.CutPrefix(trimmed, "**/"); found {
+		trimmed = rest
+		anchored = false
+	}
+
+	// Likewise "/**/" inside a pattern demands two slashes, so
+	// "a/**/*.log" misses "a/x.log". As in gitignore it stands for
+	// zero or more directories, so also compile the pattern with it
+	// made a single "/". The glob library's {a,b} is no help: with a
+	// "**" inside it in mid-pattern, it misses paths it should match.
+	var globs []glob.Glob
+
+	for _, variant := range doubleStarVariants(trimmed) {
+		g, err := glob.Compile(variant, '/')
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", errBadExcludePattern, err)
+		}
+
+		globs = append(globs, g)
+	}
+
+	return globs, anchored, nil
+}
+
+// doubleStarVariants returns pattern once for every way of keeping each
+// "/**/" in it or making it a single "/".
+func doubleStarVariants(pattern string) []string {
+	const doubleStar = "/**/"
+
+	before, after, found := strings.Cut(pattern, doubleStar)
+	if !found {
+		return []string{pattern}
+	}
+
+	var variants []string
+
+	for _, rest := range doubleStarVariants(after) {
+		variants = append(variants, before+doubleStar+rest, before+"/"+rest)
+	}
+
+	return variants
+}
+
+// validateExcludes refuses an exclude pattern, global or in a snapshot,
+// that does not compile, naming the setting and quoting the pattern.
+func (c *Config) validateExcludes() error {
+	err := validateExcludeList("exclude", c.Exclude)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range c.SnapshotNames() {
+		err = validateExcludeList("snapshots."+name+".exclude",
+			c.Snapshots[name].Exclude)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// validateExcludeList refuses the first pattern in patterns that does not
+// compile. setting is the name of the list, as in "exclude".
+func validateExcludeList(setting string, patterns []string) error {
+	for i, pattern := range patterns {
+		_, _, err := CompileExcludePattern(pattern)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s[%d]: %q %w", setting, i, pattern, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

internal/config/exclude_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package config_test
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/config"
+)
+
+// TestLoadRefusesBadExcludePattern checks that an exclude pattern that does
+// not compile, global or in a snapshot, fails at load with the setting and
+// the pattern named, rather than the backup storing what it meant to leave
+// out.
+func TestLoadRefusesBadExcludePattern(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	const storage = "storage_url: file:///tmp/vaultik-test-storage\n"
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		config  string
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "global",
+			config: "exclude: ['*.tmp', '.cache', 'build[']\n" +
+				"snapshots:\n" +
+				"  home:\n" +
+				"    paths: [/tmp/vaultik-test-source]\n" + storage,
+			wantErr: `exclude[2]: "build[" is not a valid exclude pattern`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "snapshot",
+			config: "snapshots:\n" +
+				"  home:\n" +
+				"    paths: [/tmp/vaultik-test-source]\n" +
+				"    exclude: ['/a/**/x[']\n" + storage,
+			wantErr: `snapshots.home.exclude[0]: "/a/**/x[" is not a valid exclude pattern`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.yml")
+
+			err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(tt.config), 0o600)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("write config: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			_, err = config.Load(path)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Load() returned nil, want an error containing %q", tt.wantErr)
+			}
+
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tt.wantErr) {
+				t.Fatalf("Load() error = %q, want it to contain %q", err, tt.wantErr)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/snapshot/scanner.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/blob"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/chunker"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/config"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/database"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/log"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/storage"
@@ -221,8 +222,12 @@ func NewScanner(cfg ScannerConfig) *Scanner {
 		progress = NewProgressReporter()
 	}
 
-	// Compile exclude patterns
+	compiledExclude, err := compileExcludePatterns(cfg.Exclude)
-	compiledExclude := compileExcludePatterns(cfg.Exclude)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Failed to compile exclude patterns", "error", err)
+
+		return nil
+	}
 
 	uiw := cfg.UI
 	if uiw == nil {
@@ -1875,10 +1880,12 @@ func (s *Scanner) uploadBlobIfNeeded(
 	err = s.storage.PutWithProgress(ctx, blobPath, blobWithReader.Reader,
 		finishedBlob.Compressed, progressCallback)
 	if err != nil {
-		// Only an interrupt cancels ctx, and the user is told about it,
+		// The record is at info level: the returned error ends the backup
-		// so an upload it stopped is not logged as a storage failure.
+		// and is printed as its ERROR: line. Only an interrupt cancels
+		// ctx, and the user is told about it, so an upload it stopped is
+		// not logged as a storage failure.
 		if ctx.Err() == nil {
-			log.Error("Failed to upload blob", "hash", finishedBlob.Hash, "error", err)
+			log.Info("Failed to upload blob", "hash", finishedBlob.Hash, "error", err)
 		}
 
 		return 0, false, fmt.Errorf("uploading blob to storage: %w", err)
@@ -2316,51 +2323,18 @@ func wrapPermissionError(path string, err error) error {
 		"with --skip-errors to continue past unreadable files)", path, err)
 }
 
-// compileExcludePatterns compiles the exclude patterns into glob matchers
+// compileExcludePatterns compiles the exclude patterns into glob matchers.
-func compileExcludePatterns(patterns []string) []compiledPattern {
+// Config.Validate has already refused a pattern that does not compile.
+func compileExcludePatterns(patterns []string) ([]compiledPattern, error) {
 	var compiled []compiledPattern
 
 	for _, p := range patterns {
-		if p == "" {
+		globs, anchored, err := config.CompileExcludePattern(p)
-			continue
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", p, err)
 		}
 
-		// Check if pattern is anchored (starts with /)
+		for _, g := range globs {
-		anchored := strings.HasPrefix(p, "/")
-
-		pattern := p
-		if anchored {
-			pattern = p[1:] // Remove leading /
-		}
-
-		// Remove trailing slash if present (directory indicator)
-		pattern = strings.TrimSuffix(pattern, "/")
-
-		// A leading "**/" demands a "/" before the name and so misses an
-		// entry directly under the source path. It means "at every depth",
-		// which is what an unanchored pattern already does, so drop the
-		// prefix and match unanchored: as in gitignore, "**/x" and
-		// "/**/x" then also match a top-level "x".
-		if rest, found := strings.CutPrefix(pattern, "**/"); found {
-			pattern = rest
-			anchored = false
-		}
-
-		// Likewise "/**/" inside a pattern demands two slashes, so
-		// "a/**/*.log" misses "a/x.log". As in gitignore it stands for
-		// zero or more directories, so also compile the pattern with it
-		// made a single "/". The glob library's {a,b} is no help: with a
-		// "**" inside it in mid-pattern, it misses paths it should match.
-		for _, variant := range doubleStarVariants(pattern) {
-			// For patterns without path separators, we need to match them as components
-			// e.g., ".git" should match ".git" anywhere in the path
-			g, err := glob.Compile(variant, '/')
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Warn("Invalid exclude pattern, skipping", "pattern", p, "error", err)
-
-				break
-			}
-
 			compiled = append(compiled, compiledPattern{
 				pattern:  g,
 				anchored: anchored,
@@ -2369,26 +2343,7 @@ func compileExcludePatterns(patterns []string) []compiledPattern {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return compiled
+	return compiled, nil
-}
-
-// doubleStarVariants returns pattern once for every way of keeping each
-// "/**/" in it or making it a single "/".
-func doubleStarVariants(pattern string) []string {
-	const doubleStar = "/**/"
-
-	before, after, found := strings.Cut(pattern, doubleStar)
-	if !found {
-		return []string{pattern}
-	}
-
-	var variants []string
-
-	for _, rest := range doubleStarVariants(after) {
-		variants = append(variants, before+doubleStar+rest, before+"/"+rest)
-	}
-
-	return variants
 }
 
 // shouldExclude checks if a path should be excluded based on exclude patterns

internal/snapshot/upload_cancel_log_test.go

@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ func uploadTestBlob(ctx context.Context, store storage.Storer) error {
 }
 
 // captureLog runs fn and returns what the logger wrote to stderr
-// meanwhile. The logger writes to the os.Stderr it finds when it is
+// meanwhile, at the --verbose level. The logger writes to the os.Stderr
-// initialized, so os.Stderr is pointed at a file first. Not
+// it finds when it is initialized, so os.Stderr is pointed at a file
-// parallel-safe: os.Stderr and the logger are process-global.
+// first. Not parallel-safe: os.Stderr and the logger are process-global.
 func captureLog(t *testing.T, fn func()) string {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func captureLog(t *testing.T, fn func()) string {
 	previous := os.Stderr
 	os.Stderr = stderrFile
 
-	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
+	log.Initialize(log.Config{Verbose: true})
 
 	fn()
 
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ func TestInterruptedUploadIsNotLoggedAsError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// An upload that fails for any other reason is still logged as an error.
+// An upload that fails for any other reason is still logged.
 //
 //nolint:paralleltest // captureLog replaces os.Stderr
-func TestFailedUploadIsLoggedAsError(t *testing.T) {
+func TestFailedUploadIsLogged(t *testing.T) {
 	inner, err := storage.NewFileStorer(t.TempDir())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)

internal/vaultik/remove_snapshot_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -473,171 +472,6 @@ func TestRemoveSnapshot_NotInLocalIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, out, "Removed snapshot metadata from remote storage")
 }
 
-// TestRemoveSnapshot_RemoteOnlyByRemoteKey checks that a snapshot only
-// on the destination store, on a host with no local index, is removed by
-// the remote key that 'snapshot list' prints for such a snapshot, and by
-// an unambiguous leading part of it — the same identifiers verify and
-// restore accept.
-func TestRemoveSnapshot_RemoteOnlyByRemoteKey(t *testing.T) {
-	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	remoteKey := snapshot.RemoteSnapshotKey("snapshot-001")
-
-	identifiers := map[string]string{
-		"full key":     remoteKey,
-		"leading part": remoteKey[:8],
-	}
-
-	for name, identifier := range identifiers {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			store := newTestStorer()
-			addManifest(t, store, "snapshot-001", nil)
-
-			// No local index: a host that sees the snapshot only remotely.
-			tv := vaultik.NewForTesting(store)
-			tv.Repositories = newLocalIndex(t)
-
-			result, err := tv.RemoveSnapshot(identifier,
-				&vaultik.RemoveOptions{Force: true})
-
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.True(t, result.RemoteRemoved)
-			assert.False(t, store.hasKey(remoteKeyPath("snapshot-001")))
-
-			out := tv.Stdout.String()
-			assert.NotContains(t, out, "from local database")
-			assert.Contains(t, out, "Removed snapshot metadata from remote storage")
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestRemoveSnapshot_LocalIndexByRemoteKey checks that a remote key (or
-// its unambiguous leading part) that names a snapshot the local index
-// holds removes that snapshot's local row and its remote metadata
-// together. `snapshot list --json` prints a remote key for every
-// snapshot, including local ones.
-func TestRemoveSnapshot_LocalIndexByRemoteKey(t *testing.T) {
-	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	remoteKey := snapshot.RemoteSnapshotKey("snapshot-001")
-
-	identifiers := map[string]string{
-		"full key":     remoteKey,
-		"leading part": remoteKey[:8],
-	}
-
-	for name, identifier := range identifiers {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			store := newTestStorer()
-			addManifest(t, store, "snapshot-001", nil)
-
-			// A backup wrote to this destination, so it carries the
-			// marker, and the local index holds the snapshot.
-			require.NoError(t, store.Put(context.Background(), markerFile,
-				bytes.NewReader(nil)))
-
-			tv := vaultik.NewForTesting(store)
-			repos := newLocalIndex(t, "snapshot-001")
-			tv.Repositories = repos
-
-			result, err := tv.RemoveSnapshot(identifier,
-				&vaultik.RemoveOptions{Force: true})
-
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.True(t, result.RemoteRemoved)
-			assert.False(t, store.hasKey(remoteKeyPath("snapshot-001")))
-
-			row, err := repos.Snapshots.GetByID(
-				context.Background(), "snapshot-001")
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Nil(t, row)
-
-			out := tv.Stdout.String()
-			assert.Contains(t, out,
-				"Removed snapshot 'snapshot-001' from local database")
-			assert.Contains(t, out, "Removed snapshot metadata from remote storage")
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestRemoveSnapshot_DryRunByLeadingPart checks that a dry run by a
-// leading part of a remote key names the snapshot that part resolved to:
-// by its ID when the local index holds the snapshot, otherwise by its
-// full remote key.
-func TestRemoveSnapshot_DryRunByLeadingPart(t *testing.T) {
-	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	remoteKey := snapshot.RemoteSnapshotKey("snapshot-001")
-
-	for name, tc := range map[string]struct {
-		localIDs []string
-		shown    string
-	}{
-		"in local index": {localIDs: []string{"snapshot-001"}, shown: "snapshot-001"},
-		"remote only":    {localIDs: nil, shown: remoteKey},
-	} {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			store := newTestStorer()
-			addManifest(t, store, "snapshot-001", nil)
-
-			// A backup wrote to this destination, so it carries the marker.
-			require.NoError(t, store.Put(context.Background(), markerFile,
-				bytes.NewReader(nil)))
-
-			tv := vaultik.NewForTesting(store)
-			tv.Repositories = newLocalIndex(t, tc.localIDs...)
-
-			_, err := tv.RemoveSnapshot(remoteKey[:8],
-				&vaultik.RemoveOptions{DryRun: true})
-
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Contains(t, tv.Stdout.String(),
-				"Would remove snapshot: "+tc.shown+".")
-			assert.True(t, store.hasKey(remoteKeyPath("snapshot-001")))
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestRemoveSnapshot_JSONDryRunByLeadingPart checks that a JSON dry run
-// by a leading part of a remote key prints the ID and the full remote key
-// of the snapshot that part resolved to.
-func TestRemoveSnapshot_JSONDryRunByLeadingPart(t *testing.T) {
-	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	remoteKey := snapshot.RemoteSnapshotKey("snapshot-001")
-
-	store := newTestStorer()
-	addManifest(t, store, "snapshot-001", nil)
-
-	// A backup wrote to this destination, so it carries the marker.
-	require.NoError(t, store.Put(context.Background(), markerFile,
-		bytes.NewReader(nil)))
-
-	tv := vaultik.NewForTesting(store)
-	tv.Repositories = newLocalIndex(t, "snapshot-001")
-
-	_, err := tv.RemoveSnapshot(remoteKey[:8],
-		&vaultik.RemoveOptions{DryRun: true, JSON: true})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	var printed map[string]any
-
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(tv.Stdout.Bytes(), &printed))
-	assert.Equal(t, "snapshot-001", printed["snapshot_id"])
-	assert.Equal(t, remoteKey, printed["remote_key"])
-	assert.True(t, store.hasKey(remoteKeyPath("snapshot-001")))
-}
-
 // TestRemoveSnapshot_NotInLocalIndexDeleteFails checks that removing a
 // snapshot only the destination store holds fails when its metadata
 // cannot be deleted there, under --force and under --json: nothing was
@@ -672,38 +506,6 @@ func TestRemoveSnapshot_NotInLocalIndexDeleteFails(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestRemoveSnapshot_LocalIndexByLeadingPartDeleteFails checks the
-// warning when a snapshot the local index holds is removed by a leading
-// part of its remote key and the delete on the destination store fails.
-// The warning names the snapshot by its ID, not by the part given.
-func TestRemoveSnapshot_LocalIndexByLeadingPartDeleteFails(t *testing.T) {
-	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	store := newTestStorer()
-	addManifest(t, store, "snapshot-001", nil)
-
-	// A backup wrote to this destination, so it carries the marker.
-	require.NoError(t, store.Put(context.Background(), markerFile,
-		bytes.NewReader(nil)))
-
-	faulty := faultstore.New(store)
-	faulty.OnDelete = func(string) bool { return true }
-
-	tv := vaultik.NewForTesting(faulty)
-	tv.Repositories = newLocalIndex(t, "snapshot-001")
-
-	result, err := tv.RemoveSnapshot(
-		snapshot.RemoteSnapshotKey("snapshot-001")[:8],
-		&vaultik.RemoveOptions{Force: true})
-
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.False(t, result.RemoteRemoved)
-	assert.True(t, store.hasKey(remoteKeyPath("snapshot-001")))
-	assert.Contains(t, tv.Stdout.String(),
-		"Run 'vaultik snapshot remove snapshot-001' again")
-}
-
 func TestRemoveAllSnapshots_RequiresForce(t *testing.T) {
 	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
 	t.Parallel()

internal/vaultik/restore.go

@@ -667,19 +667,19 @@ func (v *Vaultik) restoreProgressTick(
 
 // handleRestoreFileError records a per-file restore failure: fatal unless
 // --skip-errors is set, in which case the file is counted as failed and
-// dropped from the plan.
+// dropped from the plan. A fatal failure is not logged here: the returned
+// error is printed as the command's ERROR: line.
 func (v *Vaultik) handleRestoreFileError(
 	plan *restorePlan, opts *RestoreOptions, result *RestoreResult,
 	file *database.File, fileID types.FileID, err error,
 ) error {
-	log.Error("Failed to restore file", "path", file.Path, "error", err)
-
 	if !opts.SkipErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf(
 			"restoring %s: %w (pass --skip-errors to continue past "+
 				"restore failures)", file.Path, err)
 	}
 
+	log.Error("Failed to restore file", "path", file.Path, "error", err)
 	v.UI.Errorf("Failed to restore %s: %v. Skipping (--skip-errors).",
 		v.UI.Path(file.Path.String()), err)
 

internal/vaultik/snapshot.go

@@ -1424,14 +1424,11 @@ type RemoveOptions struct {
 	LocalOnly bool // Skip remote cleanup; only touch the local index
 }
 
-// RemoveResult contains the result of a snapshot removal. For a single
+// RemoveResult contains the result of a snapshot removal
-// snapshot, SnapshotID is its ID, empty when the ID is not known, and
-// RemoteKey is the full remote key of its metadata.
 //
 //nolint:tagliatelle // snake_case is the established JSON output format
 type RemoveResult struct {
 	SnapshotID       string   `json:"snapshot_id,omitempty"`
-	RemoteKey        string   `json:"remote_key,omitempty"`
 	SnapshotsRemoved []string `json:"snapshots_removed,omitempty"`
 	RemoteRemoved    bool     `json:"remote_removed,omitempty"`
 	DryRun           bool     `json:"dry_run,omitempty"`
@@ -1461,35 +1458,25 @@ const snapshotRemoveCommandHint = "vaultik snapshot remove"
 func (v *Vaultik) RemoveSnapshot(
 	snapshotID string, opts *RemoveOptions,
 ) (*RemoveResult, error) {
-	result := &RemoveResult{}
+	result := &RemoveResult{
+		SnapshotID: snapshotID,
+	}
 
 	err := v.checkStorageBinding()
 	if err != nil {
 		return result, err
 	}
 
-	inLocalIndex, resolvedID, remoteKey, err := v.findSnapshotToRemove(
+	inLocalIndex, err := v.checkSnapshotExists(snapshotID, opts.LocalOnly)
-		snapshotID, opts.LocalOnly)
 	if err != nil {
 		return result, err
 	}
 
-	result.SnapshotID = resolvedID
-	result.RemoteKey = remoteKey
-
-	// The dry run, the prompt and removeSnapshotRemote name the snapshot
-	// that snapshotID resolved to: by its ID, or by its full remote key
-	// when the ID is not known.
-	shown := resolvedID
-	if shown == "" {
-		shown = remoteKey
-	}
-
 	if opts.DryRun {
-		return v.removeSnapshotDryRun(result, shown, opts)
+		return v.removeSnapshotDryRun(result, snapshotID, opts)
 	}
 
-	if !v.confirmRemoveSnapshot(shown, opts) {
+	if !v.confirmRemoveSnapshot(snapshotID, opts) {
 		return result, ErrNotConfirmed
 	}
 
@@ -1502,16 +1489,16 @@ func (v *Vaultik) RemoveSnapshot(
 	}
 
 	if inLocalIndex {
-		log.Info("Removing snapshot from local database", "snapshot_id", resolvedID)
+		log.Info("Removing snapshot from local database", "snapshot_id", snapshotID)
 
-		err = v.deleteSnapshotFromLocalDB(resolvedID)
+		err = v.deleteSnapshotFromLocalDB(snapshotID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return result, fmt.Errorf("removing from local database: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	result.RemoteRemoved, err = v.removeSnapshotRemote(
-		shown, remoteKey, inLocalIndex, markerErr, opts)
+		snapshotID, inLocalIndex, markerErr, opts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return result, err
 	}
@@ -1530,7 +1517,7 @@ func (v *Vaultik) RemoveSnapshot(
 
 	if inLocalIndex {
 		v.UI.Infof("Removed snapshot '%s' from local database.",
-			v.UI.Snapshot(resolvedID))
+			v.UI.Snapshot(snapshotID))
 	}
 
 	if result.RemoteRemoved {
@@ -1543,52 +1530,6 @@ func (v *Vaultik) RemoveSnapshot(
 	return result, nil
 }
 
-// findSnapshotToRemove finds the snapshot that identifier names. It
-// returns whether the local index holds that snapshot, its snapshot ID,
-// and the remote key of its metadata on the destination store. The ID is
-// known when identifier is a snapshot ID or the local index holds the
-// snapshot; otherwise it is empty.
-//
-// A snapshot ID is looked up by checkSnapshotExists. Under localOnly the
-// store is not consulted, so every identifier is looked up that way and
-// a remote key is not found. Otherwise a remote key, or a leading part
-// of one, is resolved by resolveSnapshotRemoteKey, as restore and verify
-// do. That fails with errSnapshotKeyNotFound or errSnapshotKeyAmbiguous
-// when the identifier matches no snapshot on the store, or more than
-// one. The store is listed only after checkDestinationMarker passes, as
-// in checkSnapshotExists. The local row is the one whose snapshot ID
-// hashes to the resolved key, as in RemoveAllSnapshots, so removing by
-// remote key removes that row too.
-func (v *Vaultik) findSnapshotToRemove(
-	identifier string, localOnly bool,
-) (bool, string, string, error) {
-	if localOnly || !isRemoteKeyOrPrefix(identifier) {
-		inLocalIndex, err := v.checkSnapshotExists(identifier, localOnly)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, "", "", err
-		}
-
-		return inLocalIndex, identifier, snapshot.RemoteSnapshotKey(identifier), nil
-	}
-
-	err := v.checkDestinationMarker()
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, "", "", err
-	}
-
-	remoteKey, err := v.resolveSnapshotRemoteKey(identifier)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, "", "", err
-	}
-
-	localID, err := v.localSnapshotIDForRemoteKey(remoteKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, "", "", err
-	}
-
-	return localID != "", localID, remoteKey, nil
-}
-
 // checkSnapshotExists returns errSnapshotNotFound when the local index
 // has no row for snapshotID and, unless localOnly is set, the
 // destination store has no metadata for it either. inLocalIndex reports
@@ -1698,22 +1639,19 @@ func (v *Vaultik) confirmRemoveSnapshot(snapshotID string, opts *RemoveOptions)
 }
 
 // removeSnapshotRemote strips the snapshot's metadata from the
-// destination store. remoteKey is the resolved metadata directory name
+// destination store. It returns true only when the delete finished
-// to delete, as returned by findSnapshotToRemove. shown names the
+// without an error and removed at least one object; under LocalOnly it
-// snapshot in the log records and the warning: its ID, or its full
+// does nothing. markerErr is the result of checkDestinationMarker; when
-// remote key when the ID is not known. It returns true only when the
+// it is set, nothing is deleted and it is the failure. When the snapshot
-// delete finished without an error and removed at least one object;
+// is only on the destination store, a failure is returned as an error,
-// under LocalOnly it does nothing. markerErr is the result of
+// because that removal is all the command does. When the snapshot was in
-// checkDestinationMarker; when it is set, nothing is deleted and it is
+// the local index, its removal there has already happened, so a failure
-// the failure. When the snapshot is only on the destination store, a
+// is only a warning telling the user to run `vaultik snapshot remove`
-// failure is returned as an error, because that removal is all the
+// for the snapshot again once the destination store is reachable
-// command does. When the snapshot was in the local index, its removal
+// (`vaultik prune` never removes snapshot metadata that has its
-// there has already happened, so a failure is only a warning telling
+// manifest).
-// the user to run `vaultik snapshot remove` for the snapshot again once
-// the destination store is reachable (`vaultik prune` never removes
-// snapshot metadata that has its manifest).
 func (v *Vaultik) removeSnapshotRemote(
-	shown, remoteKey string, inLocalIndex bool, markerErr error,
+	snapshotID string, inLocalIndex bool, markerErr error,
 	opts *RemoveOptions,
 ) (bool, error) {
 	if opts.LocalOnly {
@@ -1721,13 +1659,14 @@ func (v *Vaultik) removeSnapshotRemote(
 	}
 
 	log.Info("Removing snapshot metadata from remote storage",
-		"snapshot_id", shown)
+		"snapshot_id", snapshotID)
 
 	var deleted int
 
 	err := markerErr
 	if err == nil {
-		deleted, err = v.deleteRemoteSnapshotByKey(remoteKey)
+		deleted, err = v.deleteRemoteSnapshotByKey(
+			snapshot.RemoteSnapshotKey(snapshotID))
 	}
 
 	if err != nil && !inLocalIndex {
@@ -1739,14 +1678,14 @@ func (v *Vaultik) removeSnapshotRemote(
 		log.Warn("Could not remove snapshot metadata from remote storage; "+
 			"run '"+snapshotRemoveCommandHint+"' with the snapshot's ID "+
 			"again once the remote is reachable",
-			"snapshot_id", shown, "error", err)
+			"snapshot_id", snapshotID, "error", err)
 
 		// The UI writes to stdout, which under --json holds only the
 		// document; the log record above is the warning on stderr.
 		if v.UI != nil && !opts.JSON {
 			v.UI.Warningf("Could not remove snapshot metadata from remote: "+
 				"%v. Run '%s %s' again once the remote is reachable.",
-				err, snapshotRemoveCommandHint, shown)
+				err, snapshotRemoveCommandHint, snapshotID)
 		}
 
 		return false, nil
@@ -1841,23 +1780,6 @@ func (v *Vaultik) localSnapshotIDs() ([]string, error) {
 	return ids, nil
 }
 
-// localSnapshotIDForRemoteKey returns the human snapshot ID of the local
-// index row whose RemoteSnapshotKey is key, or "" when no row has it.
-func (v *Vaultik) localSnapshotIDForRemoteKey(key string) (string, error) {
-	ids, err := v.localSnapshotIDs()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("listing local snapshots: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, id := range ids {
-		if snapshot.RemoteSnapshotKey(id) == key {
-			return id, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return "", nil
-}
-
 // listAllRemoteSnapshotKeys collects the hashed remote keys
 // (subdirectories under metadata/) currently present in the
 // destination store. Returns (nil, err) when the store cannot be