Stop snapshot purge when a snapshot cannot leave the local index (closes #337)

snapshot purge, and the purge step of snapshot create --prune, logged a
failed local index delete, then deleted that snapshot's metadata from
the destination store anyway and exited 0, leaving a local record whose
metadata was gone. It now stops at that snapshot with an error, before
touching its metadata, so the command exits non-zero; snapshots already
purged stay purged. This matches how the same loop already handles a
failed metadata delete.

Model: opus-5-5

Dockerfile

@@ -5,7 +5,16 @@
 FROM golangci/golangci-lint:v2.14.0@sha256:ad862ba6b3798cbe0fd9fd7408d498fd74fbd2623a92406b2fd3898faf0bf98f AS lint
 WORKDIR /src
 COPY go.mod go.sum ./
-RUN go mod download
+# Without the time limit a stalled connection to the module proxy holds
+# this step, and every build on the host sharing it, until the kernel
+# drops the connection, which can take an hour. The limit is well above
+# the three minutes a working download can take on a busy build host.
+RUN for attempt in 1 2 3; do \
+        timeout 300 go mod download && exit 0; \
+        echo "go mod download attempt $attempt failed or ran over 300s" >&2; \
+    done; \
+    echo "module download failed: giving up after 3 attempts" >&2; \
+    exit 1
 COPY . .
 # `golangci-lint run` silently ignores an unknown top-level key in
 # .golangci.yml, such as a misspelt `linters:`; `config verify` fails on it.
@@ -18,7 +27,13 @@ RUN golangci-lint run --config .golangci.yml ./...
 FROM golang:1.26.1@sha256:cd78d88e00afadbedd272f977d375a6247455f3a4b1178f8ae8bbcb201743a8a AS test
 WORKDIR /src
 COPY go.mod go.sum ./
-RUN go mod download
+# Limited and retried as in the lint phase above.
+RUN for attempt in 1 2 3; do \
+        timeout 300 go mod download && exit 0; \
+        echo "go mod download attempt $attempt failed or ran over 300s" >&2; \
+    done; \
+    echo "module download failed: giving up after 3 attempts" >&2; \
+    exit 1
 COPY . .
 RUN go test -timeout 90s -race -cover ./... || \
     { echo "--- Rerunning with -v for details ---"; \
@@ -36,7 +51,13 @@ RUN apk add --no-cache git
 RUN git config --system --add safe.directory /src
 WORKDIR /src
 COPY go.mod go.sum ./
-RUN go mod download
+# Limited and retried as in the lint phase above.
+RUN for attempt in 1 2 3; do \
+        timeout 300 go mod download && exit 0; \
+        echo "go mod download attempt $attempt failed or ran over 300s" >&2; \
+    done; \
+    echo "module download failed: giving up after 3 attempts" >&2; \
+    exit 1
 COPY . .
 
 # The VERSION build arg when one is given, otherwise

README.md

@@ -294,7 +294,8 @@ needed.
 of the local index and the backup destination store — with timestamps
 and three sizes per snapshot (compressed remote size; total
 uncompressed chunk size; size of the chunks that snapshot stored that
-were not stored before, recorded when its backup ran).
+were not stored before). Both chunk sizes are recorded when the
+snapshot's backup runs.
 
 Listing the destination store does **not** require the age secret key,
 so it works in vaultik's intended configuration, where the backed-up
@@ -338,7 +339,9 @@ local index alone, and still exits zero.
 
 **`snapshot purge`**: Remove old snapshots based on criteria. Retention is
 per-snapshot-name (`--keep-latest` keeps the latest of each name, not the
-latest globally).
+latest globally). If a snapshot cannot be removed from the local index, the
+command stops there, leaves that snapshot's metadata on the destination store
+and exits non-zero; `snapshot create --prune` fails the same way.
 * `--keep-latest`: Keep only the most recent snapshot of each name
 * `--older-than <duration>`: Remove snapshots older than duration (e.g. `30d`,
   `4w`, `6mo`, `1y`; `m` is minutes, `mo` is months)
@@ -375,7 +378,9 @@ on the destination in one go, use `vaultik remote nuke --force`.
 * Optional path arguments to restore specific files/directories (default: all)
 * Preserves file permissions, timestamps, ownership (ownership requires root),
   symlinks, and empty directories
-* `--verify`: After restoring, verify every file's chunk hashes match
+* `--verify`: After restoring, verify every restored file's chunk hashes
+  match. A file skipped under `--skip-errors` is reported as failed to
+  restore and is not verified.
 
 **`prune`**: Tidy up everything that isn't needed. Runs three passes:
 (1) reconcile the local index against the destination store — any

cmd/vaultik/dockermoddownload_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestDockerfileBoundsEveryModuleDownload fails unless every
+// `go mod download` in the Dockerfile runs under a time limit, is tried
+// a fixed number of times, and then fails the build with a message that
+// names the module download (issue #351). Like the version tests, this
+// parses the Dockerfile; that a stalled download really is cut off and
+// retried was checked by hand.
+func TestDockerfileBoundsEveryModuleDownload(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	var downloads []string
+
+	for _, instruction := range instructions(t, productDockerfile) {
+		if strings.Contains(instruction, "go mod download") {
+			downloads = append(downloads, instruction)
+		}
+	}
+
+	require.NotEmpty(t, downloads, "%s must download modules",
+		productDockerfile)
+
+	for _, download := range downloads {
+		assert.Contains(t, download, "timeout 300 go mod download",
+			"%s: a module download must have a time limit: %s",
+			productDockerfile, download)
+		assert.Contains(t, download, "for attempt in 1 2 3",
+			"%s: a module download must be retried: %s",
+			productDockerfile, download)
+		assert.Contains(t, download, "module download failed",
+			"%s: a module download that never succeeds must say so: %s",
+			productDockerfile, download)
+		assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(download, "exit 1"),
+			"%s: a module download that never succeeds must fail the"+
+				" build: %s", productDockerfile, download)
+	}
+}

docs/DATAMODEL.md

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Stores information about packed, compressed, and encrypted blob files.
 - `created_ts` (INTEGER NOT NULL) - Creation timestamp
 - `finished_ts` (INTEGER) - Finalization timestamp (NULL if in progress)
 - `uncompressed_size` (INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0) - Total size of chunks before compression
-- `compressed_size` (INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0) - Size after compression and encryption
+- `compressed_size` (INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0) - Size after compression and encryption. Once uploaded, the size of the object in storage: when the blob was already stored, under another compression level or other recipients, this can differ from the size of the local copy
 - `uploaded_ts` (INTEGER) - Upload completion timestamp (NULL if not uploaded)
 
 **Purpose:** Tracks blob lifecycle from creation through upload. The UUID primary key allows immediate association of chunks with blobs.
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ Tracks backup snapshots.
 - `new_chunk_size` (INTEGER) - Total size of those chunks before compression; `snapshot list` shows it as NEW CHUNK SIZE
 - `blob_count` (INTEGER) - Number of blobs this snapshot created
 - `total_size` (INTEGER) - Total size of all files
+- `uncompressed_chunk_size` (INTEGER) - Total size before compression of the distinct chunks the snapshot's files reference, recorded when its backup ran; `snapshot list` shows it as UNCOMPRESSED SIZE
 - `blob_size` (INTEGER) - Total compressed size of all referenced blobs
 - `blob_uncompressed_size` (INTEGER) - Total uncompressed size of all referenced blobs
 - `compression_ratio` (REAL) - Compression ratio achieved
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ Tracks blob upload metrics.
    - `UPDATE blobs SET blob_hash = ?, finished_ts = ?` - Finalize blob after packing
 
 4. **Upload**
-   - `UPDATE blobs SET uploaded_ts = ?` - Mark blob as uploaded
+   - `UPDATE blobs SET uploaded_ts = ?, compressed_size = ?` - Mark blob as uploaded, with the size of the object in storage (the upload is skipped when the blob is already stored)
    - `INSERT INTO uploads` - Record upload metrics with snapshot_id
    - `INSERT INTO snapshot_blobs` - Associate blob with snapshot
 

internal/cli/entry_snapshot_purge_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package cli //nolint:testpackage // shares runEntry and the hermetic config helpers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/database"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/snapshot"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/types"
+)
+
+// The `snapshot purge` command word and flags used below.
+const (
+	cmdPurge       = "purge"
+	flagKeepLatest = "--keep-latest"
+	flagForce      = "--force"
+)
+
+// TestEntrySnapshotPurgeKeepsMetadataWhenLocalIndexDeleteFails makes
+// removing a snapshot from the local index fail and checks that
+// `snapshot purge` exits non-zero and leaves that snapshot's metadata on
+// the destination store. It used to log the error, delete the metadata
+// anyway and exit 0.
+//
+//nolint:paralleltest // replaces os.Args, os.Stdout, os.Stderr and the xdg globals
+func TestEntrySnapshotPurgeKeepsMetadataWhenLocalIndexDeleteFails(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	configPath := writeHermeticPruneConfig(t, false)
+
+	// writeHermeticPruneConfig puts the index and the store directory
+	// beside the config file.
+	dir := filepath.Dir(configPath)
+
+	// Two snapshots of the same name: --keep-latest purges the older.
+	olderStart := time.Date(2026, 5, 1, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	newerStart := olderStart.Add(time.Hour)
+	olderID := "test-host_test_" + olderStart.Format(time.RFC3339)
+	newerID := "test-host_test_" + newerStart.Format(time.RFC3339)
+
+	db, err := database.New(ctx, filepath.Join(dir, "index.sqlite"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	repos := database.NewRepositories(db)
+
+	manifestPaths := make(map[string]string)
+
+	for id, startedAt := range map[string]time.Time{
+		olderID: olderStart,
+		newerID: newerStart,
+	} {
+		completedAt := startedAt.Add(time.Minute)
+		snap := &database.Snapshot{
+			ID:             types.SnapshotID(id),
+			Hostname:       "test-host",
+			VaultikVersion: "test",
+			StartedAt:      startedAt,
+			CompletedAt:    &completedAt,
+		}
+
+		err = repos.WithTx(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx) error {
+			return repos.Snapshots.Create(ctx, tx, snap)
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		manifestPaths[id] = filepath.Join(dir, "store", "metadata",
+			snapshot.RemoteSnapshotKey(id), "manifest.json.zst")
+		require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(manifestPaths[id]), 0o750))
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(manifestPaths[id], []byte("stub"), 0o600))
+	}
+
+	_, err = db.Conn().ExecContext(ctx, `
+		CREATE TRIGGER refuse_snapshot_delete BEFORE DELETE ON snapshots
+		BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'simulated index error'); END`)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Close())
+
+	code, _, stderr := runEntry(t,
+		flagConfig, configPath, cmdSnapshot, cmdPurge, flagKeepLatest, flagForce)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, code)
+	assert.Contains(t, stderr, "simulated index error")
+	assert.FileExists(t, manifestPaths[olderID],
+		"a snapshot still in the local index keeps its metadata")
+}

internal/database/blobs.go

@@ -154,13 +154,16 @@ func (r *BlobRepository) UpdateFinished(
 	return nil
 }
 
-// UpdateUploaded marks a blob as uploaded
+// UpdateUploaded marks a blob as uploaded and records the size of the
+// stored object as its compressed size. That size can differ from the
+// local copy's when an identical blob was already stored with another
+// compression level or other recipients.
 func (r *BlobRepository) UpdateUploaded(
-	ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx, id string,
+	ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx, id string, storedSize int64,
 ) error {
 	query := `
-		UPDATE blobs 
+		UPDATE blobs
-		SET uploaded_ts = ?
+		SET uploaded_ts = ?, compressed_size = ?
 		WHERE id = ?
 	`
 
@@ -168,9 +171,9 @@ func (r *BlobRepository) UpdateUploaded(
 
 	var err error
 	if tx != nil {
-		_, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx, query, now, id)
+		_, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx, query, now, storedSize, id)
 	} else {
-		_, err = r.db.ExecWithLog(ctx, query, now, id)
+		_, err = r.db.ExecWithLog(ctx, query, now, storedSize, id)
 	}
 
 	if err != nil {

internal/database/blobs_test.go

@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ func TestBlobRepositoryUpdates(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected compressed size 500, got %d", updated.CompressedSize)
 	}
 
-	// Test UpdateUploaded
+	// Test UpdateUploaded, with a stored object larger than the local copy
-	err = repo.UpdateUploaded(ctx, nil, blob.ID.String())
+	err = repo.UpdateUploaded(ctx, nil, blob.ID.String(), 600)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to update blob as uploaded: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -141,6 +141,10 @@ func TestBlobRepositoryUpdates(t *testing.T) {
 	if uploaded.UploadedTS.Before(now.Add(-1 * time.Second)) {
 		t.Error("uploaded timestamp should be around test time")
 	}
+
+	if uploaded.CompressedSize != 600 {
+		t.Errorf("expected the stored size 600, got %d", uploaded.CompressedSize)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestBlobRepositoryDuplicate(t *testing.T) {

internal/database/schema/001.sql

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS snapshots (
     new_chunk_size INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     blob_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     total_size INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    uncompressed_chunk_size INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     blob_size INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     blob_uncompressed_size INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     compression_ratio REAL NOT NULL DEFAULT 1.0,

internal/database/snapshots.go

@@ -120,7 +120,11 @@ func (r *SnapshotRepository) UpdateCounts(
 	return nil
 }
 
-// UpdateExtendedStats updates extended statistics for a snapshot
+// UpdateExtendedStats updates extended statistics for a snapshot. It also
+// records the total plaintext size of the distinct chunks the snapshot's
+// files reference. Only the snapshot's own backup can take that total: a
+// file's row is shared by every snapshot that lists it, and a later
+// backup of a changed file rewrites the row with the new chunks.
 func (r *SnapshotRepository) UpdateExtendedStats(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	tx *sql.Tx,
@@ -145,7 +149,17 @@ func (r *SnapshotRepository) UpdateExtendedStats(
 		    compression_level = ?,
 		    upload_bytes = ?,
 		    upload_duration_ms = ?,
-		    new_chunk_size = ?
+		    new_chunk_size = ?,
+		    uncompressed_chunk_size = (
+		        SELECT COALESCE(SUM(c.size), 0)
+		        FROM (
+		            SELECT DISTINCT fc.chunk_hash
+		            FROM snapshot_files sf
+		            JOIN file_chunks fc ON sf.file_id = fc.file_id
+		            WHERE sf.snapshot_id = snapshots.id
+		        ) sc
+		        JOIN chunks c ON sc.chunk_hash = c.chunk_hash
+		    )
 		WHERE id = ?
 	`
 
@@ -555,30 +569,22 @@ func (r *SnapshotRepository) GetSnapshotBlobSizes(
 	return compressed, uncompressed, nil
 }
 
-// GetSnapshotUncompressedChunkSize returns the sum of plaintext sizes of all unique
+// GetSnapshotUncompressedChunkSize returns the total plaintext size of the
-// chunks referenced by a snapshot (via snapshot_files → file_chunks → chunks).
+// distinct chunks the snapshot's files reference, as the snapshot's backup
+// recorded it (see UpdateExtendedStats).
 func (r *SnapshotRepository) GetSnapshotUncompressedChunkSize(
 	ctx context.Context, snapshotID string,
 ) (int64, error) {
-	query := `
+	query := `SELECT uncompressed_chunk_size FROM snapshots WHERE id = ?`
-		SELECT COALESCE(SUM(c.size), 0)
-		FROM (
-			SELECT DISTINCT fc.chunk_hash
-			FROM snapshot_files sf
-			JOIN file_chunks fc ON sf.file_id = fc.file_id
-			WHERE sf.snapshot_id = ?
-		) sc
-		JOIN chunks c ON sc.chunk_hash = c.chunk_hash
-	`
 
-	var totalSize int64
+	var uncompressedChunkSize int64
 
-	err := r.db.conn.QueryRowContext(ctx, query, snapshotID).Scan(&totalSize)
+	err := r.db.conn.QueryRowContext(ctx, query, snapshotID).Scan(&uncompressedChunkSize)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("querying uncompressed chunk size: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return totalSize, nil
+	return uncompressedChunkSize, nil
 }
 
 // GetSnapshotNewChunkSize returns the total plaintext size of the chunks the

internal/snapshot/scanner.go

@@ -1517,7 +1517,8 @@ func (s *Scanner) finalizeProcessPhase(ctx context.Context, result *ScanResult)
 			// snapshot references has uploaded_ts set, so deduplication and
 			// interrupted-run repair treat these blobs as trustworthy.
 			err = s.repos.WithTx(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx) error {
-				err := s.repos.Blobs.UpdateUploaded(ctx, tx, b.ID)
+				err := s.repos.Blobs.UpdateUploaded(
+					ctx, tx, b.ID, b.Compressed)
 				if err != nil {
 					return fmt.Errorf("marking blob uploaded: %w", err)
 				}
@@ -1553,7 +1554,7 @@ func (s *Scanner) handleBlobReady(
 	blobPath := fmt.Sprintf("blobs/%s/%s/%s",
 		finishedBlob.Hash[:2], finishedBlob.Hash[2:4], finishedBlob.Hash)
 
-	blobExists, err := s.uploadBlobIfNeeded(
+	storedSize, blobExists, err := s.uploadBlobIfNeeded(
 		ctx, blobPath, blobWithReader, startTime, result)
 	if err != nil {
 		cleanupErr := s.cleanupBlobTempFile(blobWithReader)
@@ -1562,7 +1563,8 @@ func (s *Scanner) handleBlobReady(
 			fmt.Errorf("uploading blob %s: %w", finishedBlob.Hash, err), cleanupErr)
 	}
 
-	err = s.recordBlobMetadata(ctx, finishedBlob, blobExists, startTime)
+	err = s.recordBlobMetadata(
+		ctx, finishedBlob, storedSize, blobExists, startTime)
 	if err != nil {
 		cleanupErr := s.cleanupBlobTempFile(blobWithReader)
 
@@ -1587,20 +1589,22 @@ func (s *Scanner) handleBlobReady(
 }
 
 // uploadBlobIfNeeded uploads the blob to storage if it doesn't already
-// exist, returns whether it existed
+// exist. It returns the size of the object in storage, which for an
+// existing object can differ from the local copy's, and whether it
+// already existed.
 func (s *Scanner) uploadBlobIfNeeded(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	blobPath string,
 	blobWithReader *blob.WithReader,
 	startTime time.Time,
 	result *ScanResult,
-) (bool, error) {
+) (int64, bool, error) {
 	finishedBlob := blobWithReader.FinishedBlob
 
 	// Check if blob already exists (deduplication after restart)
 	destination := s.storage.Info().Location
 
-	_, err := s.storage.Stat(ctx, blobPath)
+	stored, err := s.storage.Stat(ctx, blobPath)
 	if err == nil {
 		log.Info("Blob already exists in storage, skipping upload",
 			"hash", finishedBlob.Hash,
@@ -1609,7 +1613,7 @@ func (s *Scanner) uploadBlobIfNeeded(
 			s.ui.Hex(finishedBlob.Hash), s.ui.Size(finishedBlob.Compressed),
 			s.ui.Path(destination))
 
-		return true, nil
+		return stored.Size, true, nil
 	}
 
 	s.ui.Beginf("Uploading blob %s (%s) to %s.",
@@ -1623,7 +1627,7 @@ func (s *Scanner) uploadBlobIfNeeded(
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("Failed to upload blob", "hash", finishedBlob.Hash, "error", err)
 
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("uploading blob to storage: %w", err)
+		return 0, false, fmt.Errorf("uploading blob to storage: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	uploadDuration := time.Since(startTime)
@@ -1654,7 +1658,7 @@ func (s *Scanner) uploadBlobIfNeeded(
 		stats.BytesUploaded.Add(finishedBlob.Compressed)
 	}
 
-	return false, nil
+	return finishedBlob.Compressed, false, nil
 }
 
 // makeUploadProgressCallback creates a progress callback for blob uploads.
@@ -1724,6 +1728,7 @@ func (s *Scanner) makeUploadProgressCallback(
 func (s *Scanner) recordBlobMetadata(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	finishedBlob *blob.FinishedBlob,
+	storedSize int64,
 	blobExists bool,
 	startTime time.Time,
 ) error {
@@ -1735,7 +1740,8 @@ func (s *Scanner) recordBlobMetadata(
 	uploadDuration := time.Since(startTime)
 
 	return s.repos.WithTx(ctx, func(txCtx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx) error {
-		err := s.repos.Blobs.UpdateUploaded(txCtx, tx, finishedBlob.ID)
+		err := s.repos.Blobs.UpdateUploaded(
+			txCtx, tx, finishedBlob.ID, storedSize)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("updating blob upload timestamp: %w", err)
 		}

internal/vaultik/deep_verify_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package vaultik_test
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -9,7 +11,9 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/config"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/log"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/storage"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/ui"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/vaultik"
 )
@@ -77,6 +81,174 @@ func TestDeepVerifyAcceptsHealthyAndRejectsCorruptBlob(t *testing.T) {
 		"deep verify should fail on a corrupted blob")
 }
 
+// TestDeepVerifyJSONCountsBlobs checks the verified and missing counts
+// that deep verify reports under --json: on a healthy snapshot, with a
+// damaged blob, and with missing blobs. Deep verify stops at the first
+// damaged blob, so the blobs read before it are the ones verified; when
+// blobs are missing it reads no blob contents, but counts every missing
+// blob.
+func TestDeepVerifyJSONCountsBlobs(t *testing.T) {
+	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	fs := afero.NewOsFs()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	storeDir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "remote")
+
+	cfg, storer, snapshotID, keys := backUpSeveralBlobs(ctx, t, storeDir)
+
+	healthy, err := deepVerifyJSON(ctx, t, cfg, storer, snapshotID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "ok", healthy.Status)
+	require.Len(t, keys, healthy.BlobCount)
+	require.Equal(t, healthy.BlobCount, healthy.Verified)
+	require.Zero(t, healthy.Missing)
+
+	// Damage the last blob read, keeping its length, so every blob before
+	// it is read and passes first.
+	lastPath := filepath.Join(storeDir, keys[len(keys)-1])
+	blob, err := afero.ReadFile(fs, lastPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	blob[len(blob)/2] ^= 0xff
+	require.NoError(t, afero.WriteFile(fs, lastPath, blob, 0o600))
+
+	got, err := deepVerifyJSON(ctx, t, cfg, storer, snapshotID)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "failed", got.Status)
+	require.Equal(t, healthy.BlobCount-1, got.Verified)
+	require.Zero(t, got.Missing)
+
+	// Delete the first blob and the damaged last one: both must be
+	// counted as missing, not only the first one found.
+	var deletedSize int64
+
+	for _, key := range []string{keys[0], keys[len(keys)-1]} {
+		info, statErr := storer.Stat(ctx, key)
+		require.NoError(t, statErr)
+
+		deletedSize += info.Size
+
+		require.NoError(t, storer.Delete(ctx, key))
+	}
+
+	got, err = deepVerifyJSON(ctx, t, cfg, storer, snapshotID)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "failed", got.Status)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, got.Missing)
+	require.Equal(t, deletedSize, got.MissingSize)
+	require.Zero(t, got.Verified)
+}
+
+// TestDeepVerifyJSONCountsWrongSizeBlob checks that under --deep --json a
+// blob of the wrong size is counted in mismatched and fails the run, and
+// that the check goes on past it to count a missing blob after it.
+func TestDeepVerifyJSONCountsWrongSizeBlob(t *testing.T) {
+	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	fs := afero.NewOsFs()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	storeDir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "remote")
+
+	cfg, storer, snapshotID, keys := backUpSeveralBlobs(ctx, t, storeDir)
+
+	// Make the first blob checked longer, and delete the last one.
+	firstPath := filepath.Join(storeDir, keys[0])
+	blob, err := afero.ReadFile(fs, firstPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	blob = append(blob, []byte("extra")...)
+	require.NoError(t, afero.WriteFile(fs, firstPath, blob, 0o600))
+	require.NoError(t, storer.Delete(ctx, keys[len(keys)-1]))
+
+	got, err := deepVerifyJSON(ctx, t, cfg, storer, snapshotID)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "failed", got.Status)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, got.Mismatched)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, got.Missing)
+	require.Zero(t, got.Verified)
+}
+
+// TestDeepVerifyStopsOnBlobThatCannotBeChecked checks that a blob that is
+// present in storage but cannot be checked is not counted as missing:
+// deep verify stops and fails with the storage error.
+func TestDeepVerifyStopsOnBlobThatCannotBeChecked(t *testing.T) {
+	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	storeDir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "remote")
+
+	cfg, storer, snapshotID, keys := backUpSeveralBlobs(ctx, t, storeDir)
+	failing := statFailingStorer{Storer: storer, failKeys: []string{keys[0]}}
+
+	got, err := deepVerifyJSON(ctx, t, cfg, failing, snapshotID)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "failed", got.Status)
+	require.Zero(t, got.Missing)
+	require.Contains(t, got.ErrorMessage, errStatDenied.Error())
+}
+
+// backUpSeveralBlobs backs up random data, which does not compress or
+// deduplicate, so it fills at least three blobs in a store on disk at
+// storeDir. It returns the blobs' storage keys sorted, which is hash
+// order, the order deep verify reads them in.
+func backUpSeveralBlobs(
+	ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, storeDir string,
+) (*config.Config, *storage.FileStorer, string, []string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	fs := afero.NewOsFs()
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	dataDir := filepath.Join(tempDir, "source")
+	dbPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "index.sqlite")
+
+	chunkSize := int64(32 * 1024)
+	maxBlobSize := int64(128 * 1024)
+
+	data := make([]byte, maxBlobSize*4)
+	_, err := rand.Read(data)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, fs.MkdirAll(dataDir, 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, afero.WriteFile(fs,
+		filepath.Join(dataDir, "data.bin"), data, 0o644))
+
+	cfg, storer, snapshotID := runFileStorageBackup(
+		ctx, t, fs, dataDir, storeDir, dbPath, chunkSize, maxBlobSize)
+
+	keys := storedBlobKeys(t, storeDir)
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(keys), 3)
+
+	return cfg, storer, snapshotID, keys
+}
+
+// deepVerifyJSON runs deep verify with --json on snapshotID and returns
+// the decoded result and the error RunDeepVerify returned.
+func deepVerifyJSON(
+	ctx context.Context, t *testing.T,
+	cfg *config.Config, storer storage.Storer, snapshotID string,
+) (vaultik.VerifyResult, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+
+	v := &vaultik.Vaultik{
+		Config:  cfg,
+		Storage: storer,
+		Fs:      afero.NewOsFs(),
+		Stdout:  &out,
+		Stderr:  io.Discard,
+		UI:      ui.NewWithColor(io.Discard, false),
+	}
+	v.SetContext(ctx)
+
+	err := v.RunDeepVerify(snapshotID,
+		&vaultik.VerifyOptions{Deep: true, JSON: true})
+
+	return decodeVerifyResult(t, out.Bytes()), err
+}
+
 // corruptOneBlob flips a middle byte of the first blob file found under
 // blobsDir, leaving the file length unchanged.
 func corruptOneBlob(t *testing.T, fs afero.Fs, blobsDir string) {

internal/vaultik/restore.go

@@ -103,11 +103,12 @@ type RestoreResult struct {
 	BlobsDownloaded int
 	BytesDownloaded int64
 	Duration        time.Duration
+	FilesFailed     int
+	FailedFiles     []string // Paths of files that failed to restore
 	// Verification results (only populated if Verify option is set)
-	FilesVerified int
+	FilesVerified     int
-	BytesVerified int64
+	BytesVerified     int64
-	FilesFailed   int
+	VerifyFailedFiles []string // Paths of restored files that failed verification
-	FailedFiles   []string // Paths of files that failed verification
 }
 
 // Restore restores files from a snapshot to the target directory
@@ -658,20 +659,34 @@ func (v *Vaultik) handleRestoreVerification(
 	opts *RestoreOptions,
 	result *RestoreResult,
 ) error {
-	err := v.verifyRestoredFiles(v.ctx, repos, files, opts.TargetDir, result)
+	// A file that failed to restore was not written and is already
+	// reported as such, so it is not verified.
+	failedToRestore := make(map[string]bool, len(result.FailedFiles))
+	for _, path := range result.FailedFiles {
+		failedToRestore[path] = true
+	}
+
+	restored := make([]*database.File, 0, len(files))
+	for _, file := range files {
+		if !failedToRestore[file.Path.String()] {
+			restored = append(restored, file)
+		}
+	}
+
+	err := v.verifyRestoredFiles(v.ctx, repos, restored, opts.TargetDir, result)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("verification failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if result.FilesFailed > 0 {
+	if len(result.VerifyFailedFiles) > 0 {
 		v.UI.Errorf("Verification failed: %s files did not match expected checksums.",
-			v.UI.Count(result.FilesFailed))
+			v.UI.Count(len(result.VerifyFailedFiles)))
 
-		for _, path := range result.FailedFiles {
+		for _, path := range result.VerifyFailedFiles {
 			v.UI.Detailf("%s", v.UI.Path(path))
 		}
 
-		return fmt.Errorf("%d %w", result.FilesFailed, errFilesFailedVerify)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%d %w", len(result.VerifyFailedFiles), errFilesFailedVerify)
 	}
 
 	v.UI.Completef("Verified %s files (%s).",
@@ -1433,8 +1448,8 @@ func (v *Vaultik) verifyRestoredFiles(
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("File verification failed", "path", file.Path, "error", err)
 
-			result.FilesFailed++
+			result.VerifyFailedFiles = append(
-			result.FailedFiles = append(result.FailedFiles, file.Path.String())
+				result.VerifyFailedFiles, file.Path.String())
 		}
 
 		bytesProcessed += file.Size
@@ -1450,7 +1465,7 @@ func (v *Vaultik) verifyRestoredFiles(
 	log.Info("Verification complete",
 		"files_verified", result.FilesVerified,
 		"bytes_verified", ubytes(result.BytesVerified),
-		"files_failed", result.FilesFailed,
+		"files_failed", len(result.VerifyFailedFiles),
 	)
 
 	return nil

internal/vaultik/restore_skip_errors_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
@@ -104,6 +106,130 @@ func assertRestoreSkipsLostFiles(
 	}
 }
 
+// TestRestoreSkipErrorsVerifyChecksOnlyRestoredFiles restores with
+// SkipErrors and Verify after one blob of a two-blob snapshot was
+// deleted. Verification must check only the files that were written, so
+// a file of the deleted blob is reported as failed to restore and not
+// also as failing verification, and Restore must still return an error.
+func TestRestoreSkipErrorsVerifyChecksOnlyRestoredFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	backup := backupThenDeleteOneBlob(ctx, t)
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+
+	v := newReaderVaultik(ctx, backup.cfg, backup.storer, nil, backup.fs)
+	v.UI = ui.NewWithColor(&out, false)
+
+	err := v.Restore(&vaultik.RestoreOptions{
+		SnapshotID: backup.snapshotID,
+		TargetDir:  backup.restoreDir,
+		Verify:     true,
+		SkipErrors: true,
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err, "restore must fail when files were skipped")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(),
+		fmt.Sprintf("%d file(s) failed to restore", len(backup.lost)))
+
+	written := len(backup.files) - len(backup.lost)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, out.String(), fmt.Sprintf("Verifying %d files", written))
+	assert.Contains(t, out.String(), fmt.Sprintf("Verified %d files", written))
+	assert.NotContains(t, out.String(), "Verification failed")
+}
+
+// TestRestoreSkipErrorsVerifyReportsFailuresApart restores with
+// SkipErrors and Verify after one blob of a two-blob snapshot was
+// deleted, while one file that does restore is written one byte too long.
+// The restore warning must list only the files of the deleted blob, the
+// verification summary only the long file, each path once, and Restore
+// must return an error.
+func TestRestoreSkipErrorsVerifyReportsFailuresApart(t *testing.T) {
+	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	backup := backupThenDeleteOneBlob(ctx, t)
+
+	var long string
+
+	for path := range backup.files {
+		if !backup.lost[path] {
+			long = path
+
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+
+	fs := trailingByteFs{Fs: backup.fs, suffix: long}
+	v := newReaderVaultik(ctx, backup.cfg, backup.storer, nil, fs)
+	v.UI = ui.NewWithColor(&out, false)
+
+	err := v.Restore(&vaultik.RestoreOptions{
+		SnapshotID: backup.snapshotID,
+		TargetDir:  backup.restoreDir,
+		Verify:     true,
+		SkipErrors: true,
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err, "restore must fail when files failed")
+
+	_, afterWarning, found := strings.Cut(out.String(),
+		fmt.Sprintf("%d file(s) failed to restore:", len(backup.lost)))
+	require.Truef(t, found, "no restore warning in:\n%s", out.String())
+
+	warning, summary, found := strings.Cut(afterWarning,
+		"Verification failed: 1 files did not match")
+	require.Truef(t, found, "no verification summary in:\n%s", out.String())
+
+	for path := range backup.lost {
+		assert.Equalf(t, 1, strings.Count(warning, path),
+			"%s must be listed once as failed to restore", path)
+		assert.NotContainsf(t, summary, path,
+			"%s was not restored and must not fail verification", path)
+	}
+
+	assert.NotContainsf(t, warning, long,
+		"%s was restored and must not be listed as failed to restore", long)
+	assert.Equalf(t, 1, strings.Count(summary, long),
+		"%s must be listed once as failing verification", long)
+}
+
+// trailingByteFs appends one byte, on close, to the file it opens whose
+// path ends in suffix, so that file is restored one byte too long and
+// fails verification.
+type trailingByteFs struct {
+	afero.Fs
+
+	suffix string
+}
+
+//nolint:ireturn // afero.Fs.OpenFile is defined to return the interface
+func (fs trailingByteFs) OpenFile(
+	name string, flag int, perm os.FileMode,
+) (afero.File, error) {
+	f, err := fs.Fs.OpenFile(name, flag, perm)
+	if err != nil || !strings.HasSuffix(name, fs.suffix) {
+		return f, err
+	}
+
+	return trailingByteFile{File: f}, nil
+}
+
+type trailingByteFile struct {
+	afero.File
+}
+
+func (f trailingByteFile) Close() error {
+	_, _ = f.Write([]byte{'x'})
+
+	return f.File.Close()
+}
+
 // TestRestoreMissingBlobAbortsWithoutSkipErrors checks that a deleted blob
 // still ends the restore with an error when SkipErrors is not set.
 func TestRestoreMissingBlobAbortsWithoutSkipErrors(t *testing.T) {

internal/vaultik/reused_blob_verify_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package vaultik_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"filippo.io/age"
+	"github.com/spf13/afero"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/log"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/ui"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/vaultik"
+)
+
+// TestVerifyPassesWhenBackupReusesStoredBlob backs up a file, then backs it
+// up again from an empty local index, as after `database delete`, with an
+// extra age recipient. The second backup builds the same blob, finds it
+// already stored and skips the upload, but its own copy is larger, because
+// age writes a header entry for each recipient. The second snapshot must
+// record the size of the stored object, so shallow and deep verify pass.
+func TestVerifyPassesWhenBackupReusesStoredBlob(t *testing.T) {
+	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	fs := afero.NewOsFs()
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	dataDir := filepath.Join(tempDir, "source")
+	storeDir := filepath.Join(tempDir, "remote")
+	secondDBPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "second.sqlite")
+
+	chunkSize := int64(64 * 1024)
+	maxBlobSize := int64(512 * 1024)
+
+	require.NoError(t, fs.MkdirAll(dataDir, 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, afero.WriteFile(fs,
+		filepath.Join(dataDir, "data.bin"),
+		bytesPattern("reuse-", int(chunkSize*3)), 0o644))
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	runFileStorageBackup(ctx, t, fs, dataDir, storeDir,
+		filepath.Join(tempDir, "first.sqlite"), chunkSize, maxBlobSize)
+
+	env := setupDedupBackupEnv(
+		ctx, t, fs, storeDir, secondDBPath, chunkSize, maxBlobSize)
+
+	defer func() { _ = env.db.Close() }()
+
+	extra, err := age.GenerateX25519Identity()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	env.cfg.AgeRecipients = append(env.cfg.AgeRecipients,
+		extra.Recipient().String())
+
+	snapshotID, result := runDedupSnapshot(ctx, t, env.sm, env.makeScanner(),
+		env.cfg.Hostname, "second", dataDir, secondDBPath)
+	require.Positive(t, result.BlobsCreated)
+	require.Zero(t, result.BlobsUploaded,
+		"the second backup should find every blob already stored")
+
+	require.NoError(t, env.db.Close())
+
+	verifier := &vaultik.Vaultik{
+		Config:  env.cfg,
+		Storage: env.storer,
+		Fs:      fs,
+		Stdout:  io.Discard,
+		Stderr:  io.Discard,
+		UI:      ui.NewWithColor(io.Discard, false),
+	}
+	verifier.SetContext(ctx)
+
+	require.NoError(t,
+		verifier.VerifySnapshotWithOptions(snapshotID, &vaultik.VerifyOptions{}),
+		"shallow verify should pass")
+	require.NoError(t,
+		verifier.VerifySnapshotWithOptions(snapshotID,
+			&vaultik.VerifyOptions{Deep: true}),
+		"deep verify should pass")
+}

internal/vaultik/snapshot.go

@@ -627,7 +627,8 @@ func selectSnapshotsToPurge(
 }
 
 // confirmAndExecutePurge shows deletion candidates, confirms with the
-// user, and deletes snapshots.
+// user, and deletes snapshots. It stops with an error at the first
+// snapshot it cannot delete.
 func (v *Vaultik) confirmAndExecutePurge(
 	toDelete []SnapshotInfo, force, quiet bool,
 ) error {
@@ -669,10 +670,11 @@ func (v *Vaultik) confirmAndExecutePurge(
 		snapshotID := snap.ID.String()
 		log.Info("Deleting snapshot", "id", snapshotID)
 
+		// Stop before the remote delete: a snapshot still in the local
+		// index must keep its metadata on the destination store.
 		err := v.deleteSnapshotFromLocalDB(snapshotID)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("Failed to delete from local database",
+			return fmt.Errorf("deleting snapshot %s from local index: %w", snapshotID, err)
-				"snapshot_id", snapshotID, "error", err)
 		}
 
 		_, err = v.deleteRemoteSnapshotByKey(snapshot.RemoteSnapshotKey(snapshotID))

internal/vaultik/snapshot_list_test.go

@@ -483,13 +483,14 @@ func TestListSnapshots_UnreadableManifestDoesNotHideOthers(t *testing.T) {
 //
 //nolint:tagliatelle // snake_case is the established output format
 type listJSONRow struct {
-	ID             string `json:"id"`
+	ID               string `json:"id"`
-	RemoteKey      string `json:"remote_key"`
+	RemoteKey        string `json:"remote_key"`
-	Timestamp      string `json:"timestamp"`
+	Timestamp        string `json:"timestamp"`
-	CompressedSize int64  `json:"compressed_size"`
+	CompressedSize   int64  `json:"compressed_size"`
-	NewChunkSize   int64  `json:"new_chunk_size"`
+	UncompressedSize int64  `json:"uncompressed_size"`
-	LocallyTracked bool   `json:"locally_tracked"`
+	NewChunkSize     int64  `json:"new_chunk_size"`
-	RemotePresent  *bool  `json:"remote_present"`
+	LocallyTracked   bool   `json:"locally_tracked"`
+	RemotePresent    *bool  `json:"remote_present"`
 }
 
 // decodeListJSON parses the command's stdout, which must contain

internal/vaultik/uncompressed_size_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package vaultik_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/afero"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/database"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/log"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/storage"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/vaultik"
+)
+
+// TestUncompressedSizeOfChangedFileStaysFixed covers
+// https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/vaultik/issues/360. A backup that changes a
+// file leaves the earlier snapshot's UNCOMPRESSED SIZE as it was when that
+// snapshot's backup completed. The file's row in the local index is shared
+// by both snapshots and rewritten by the second backup.
+func TestUncompressedSizeOfChangedFileStaysFixed(t *testing.T) {
+	log.Initialize(log.Config{})
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	fs := afero.NewOsFs()
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	dataDir := filepath.Join(tempDir, "src")
+	dbPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "index.sqlite")
+	changedPath := filepath.Join(dataDir, "changed.bin")
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	files := writeFaultSourceTree(t, fs, dataDir)
+	cfg := changedFileConfig(dataDir, dbPath)
+
+	appendRandomBytes(t, fs, files, changedPath, appendedFileSize)
+
+	store, err := storage.NewFileStorer(filepath.Join(tempDir, "remote"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	db, err := database.New(ctx, dbPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = db.Close() })
+
+	repos := database.NewRepositories(db)
+	v := newBackupVaultik(ctx, cfg, store, repos, db, fs)
+
+	require.NoError(t, backUp(v, "first"))
+
+	// With nothing to compare against, sizeOfNewChunks totals every
+	// distinct chunk of the files.
+	firstID := localSnapshotID(ctx, t, repos, "first")
+	firstSize := sizeOfNewChunks(t, files, nil)
+	require.Equal(t, firstSize, listedUncompressedSizes(t, v)[firstID],
+		"the first snapshot must count the chunks of every file it holds")
+
+	appendRandomBytes(t, fs, files, changedPath, faultChunkSize)
+	require.NoError(t, backUp(v, "second"))
+
+	secondID := localSnapshotID(ctx, t, repos, "second")
+	sizes := listedUncompressedSizes(t, v)
+	assert.Equal(t, firstSize, sizes[firstID],
+		"a later backup must not change the first snapshot's figure")
+	assert.Equal(t, sizeOfNewChunks(t, files, nil), sizes[secondID],
+		"the second snapshot must count the changed file's chunks")
+}
+
+// listedUncompressedSizes runs `snapshot list --json` and returns each
+// listed snapshot's uncompressed_size by snapshot ID.
+func listedUncompressedSizes(t *testing.T, v *vaultik.Vaultik) map[string]int64 {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+
+	v.Stdout = &out
+	require.NoError(t, v.ListSnapshots(true))
+
+	sizes := make(map[string]int64)
+	for _, row := range decodeListJSON(t, out.String()) {
+		sizes[row.ID] = row.UncompressedSize
+	}
+
+	return sizes
+}

internal/vaultik/verify.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/database"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/log"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/snapshot"
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/storage"
 )
 
 // Sentinel errors for snapshot verification failures.
@@ -32,7 +33,9 @@ var (
 	errManifestExtraBlob   = errors.New("manifest contains blob not in database")
 	errManifestMissingBlob = errors.New(
 		"manifest omits blob present in database")
-	errBlobSizeMismatch = errors.New("blob size mismatch")
+	errBlobSizeMismatch  = errors.New("blob size mismatch")
+	errBlobsNotInStorage = errors.New(
+		"blobs missing from storage or stored with the wrong size")
 )
 
 // verifyStatusFailed is the JSON status value for a failed verification.
@@ -149,7 +152,6 @@ func (v *Vaultik) RunDeepVerify(snapshotID string, opts *VerifyOptions) error {
 	}
 
 	result.Status = "ok"
-	result.Verified = len(dbBlobs)
 
 	if opts.JSON {
 		return v.outputVerifyJSON(result)
@@ -306,7 +308,7 @@ func (v *Vaultik) runVerificationSteps(
 		v.stdoutf("Checking blob existence in remote storage...\n")
 	}
 
-	err = v.verifyBlobExistenceFromDB(dbBlobs)
+	err = v.verifyBlobExistenceFromDB(dbBlobs, result)
 	if err != nil {
 		return v.deepVerifyFailure(result, opts, err.Error(), err)
 	}
@@ -317,7 +319,8 @@ func (v *Vaultik) runVerificationSteps(
 			len(dbBlobs), ubytes(totalSize))
 	}
 
-	err = v.performDeepVerificationFromDB(dbBlobs, tdb.db.Conn(), opts, identities)
+	err = v.performDeepVerificationFromDB(
+		dbBlobs, tdb.db.Conn(), opts, result, identities)
 	if err != nil {
 		return v.deepVerifyFailure(result, opts, err.Error(), err)
 	}
@@ -669,8 +672,14 @@ func (v *Vaultik) verifyManifestAgainstDatabase(
 	return nil
 }
 
-// verifyBlobExistenceFromDB checks that all blobs from database exist in S3
+// verifyBlobExistenceFromDB checks that every blob from the database is
-func (v *Vaultik) verifyBlobExistenceFromDB(blobs []snapshot.BlobInfo) error {
+// in storage with the size the database records. It checks them all,
+// counting the missing and wrong-size blobs in result, and fails if it
+// found any. Any storage error other than not found stops the check and
+// fails with that error.
+func (v *Vaultik) verifyBlobExistenceFromDB(
+	blobs []snapshot.BlobInfo, result *VerifyResult,
+) error {
 	log.Info("Verifying blob existence in S3", "blob_count", len(blobs))
 
 	for i, blob := range blobs {
@@ -683,17 +692,23 @@ func (v *Vaultik) verifyBlobExistenceFromDB(blobs []snapshot.BlobInfo) error {
 		// Construct blob path
 		blobPath := fmt.Sprintf("blobs/%s/%s/%s", blob.Hash[:2], blob.Hash[2:4], blob.Hash)
 
-		// Check blob exists
 		stat, err := v.Storage.Stat(v.ctx, blobPath)
-		if err != nil {
+		switch {
-			return fmt.Errorf("blob %s missing from storage: %w", blob.Hash, err)
+		case errors.Is(err, storage.ErrNotFound):
-		}
+			log.Warn("Blob missing from storage", "hash", blob.Hash)
 
-		// Verify size matches
+			result.Missing++
-		if stat.Size != blob.CompressedSize {
+			result.MissingSize += blob.CompressedSize
-			return fmt.Errorf(
+		case err != nil:
-				"%w: blob %s: S3 has %d bytes, database has %d bytes",
+			return fmt.Errorf("checking blob %s in storage: %w",
-				errBlobSizeMismatch, blob.Hash, stat.Size, blob.CompressedSize)
+				blob.Hash, err)
+		case stat.Size != blob.CompressedSize:
+			log.Warn("Blob has the wrong size in storage",
+				"hash", blob.Hash,
+				"storage_size", stat.Size,
+				"database_size", blob.CompressedSize)
+
+			result.Mismatched++
 		}
 
 		// Progress update every 100 blobs
@@ -707,16 +722,22 @@ func (v *Vaultik) verifyBlobExistenceFromDB(blobs []snapshot.BlobInfo) error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if result.Missing > 0 || result.Mismatched > 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d missing, %d with the wrong size",
+			errBlobsNotInStorage, result.Missing, result.Mismatched)
+	}
+
 	log.Info("✓ All blobs exist in storage")
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // performDeepVerificationFromDB downloads and verifies the content of
-// each blob using the database as source.
+// each blob using the database as source, stopping at the first blob that
+// fails. Each blob that passes is counted in result.Verified.
 func (v *Vaultik) performDeepVerificationFromDB(
 	blobs []snapshot.BlobInfo, db *sql.DB, opts *VerifyOptions,
-	identities []age.Identity,
+	result *VerifyResult, identities []age.Identity,
 ) error {
 	// Calculate total bytes for ETA
 	var totalBytesExpected int64
@@ -739,6 +760,7 @@ func (v *Vaultik) performDeepVerificationFromDB(
 			return fmt.Errorf("blob %s verification failed: %w", blobInfo.Hash, err)
 		}
 
+		result.Verified++
 		bytesProcessed += blobInfo.CompressedSize
 		elapsed := time.Since(startTime)
 		remaining := len(blobs) - (i + 1)