Update golangci-lint to v2.12.2 with canonical config (#62)

Updates golangci-lint to v2.12.2 everywhere it is pinned and installs the canonical `.golangci.yml`, then remediates every finding the new linter/config surfaces so `make check` is green.

## Version bump

- `Dockerfile` lint stage: `golangci/golangci-lint:v2.11.3-alpine` -> `v2.12.2-alpine` (digest-pinned, date comment updated)
- `Makefile` `deps` target: `go install` moved from the old v1 module path at `@latest` to the pinned `github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.12.2`
- `.golangci.yml` replaced with the canonical config (v2 schema; settings under `linters.settings` so the thresholds actually apply; `default: all` with the standard six disables)
- `script/bootstrap` installs golangci-lint via the system package manager and carries no version pin, so it is unchanged
- CI (`.gitea/workflows/check.yml`) only runs `script/cibuild`, so it needed no change

## Lint remediation

The canonical config surfaced ~3,300 findings across 56k lines. All are fixed, behavior-preserving; incorporates and supersedes the per-package mechanical passes already merged to `main` (refs #61). Highlights:

- `err113`: dynamic errors replaced with package sentinels + `%w` wrapping; comparisons via `errors.Is`
- `goprintffuncname`: printf-style helpers renamed with an `f` suffix (`ui.Writer` message methods, `cli.ReportErrorf`, `database.Fatalf`) and all call sites updated
- `revive` stutter renames: `blob.Handler`, `blob.WithReader`, `blob.ChunkPosition`, `storage.URL`, `storage.Info`; missing doc comments added
- `contextcheck`/`noctx`: `context.Context` threaded through `blob.Packer` and the scanner call sites; context-aware `exec`/`sql` variants
- `funlen`/`cyclop`/`gocognit`/`dupl`: oversized and duplicated functions split into focused helpers (production and test code)
- tests: `t.Parallel()` added where safe (global logger init kept in the serial phase for `-race`), `t.TempDir()`/`t.Helper()` adopted, several suites converted to external test packages
- `gosec`: bounded integer conversions, `ReadHeaderTimeout` on the test HTTP server; remaining warnings suppressed per-site with justifications
- remaining `nolint` directives are rare, targeted, and each carries a reason (e.g. `nilnil` not-found contract in the repository layer, fx module globals, on-disk snake_case struct tags)
- removed the deprecated `log.LogOptions` alias (callers migrated to `log.Options`)

`make check` (tests with `-race`, lint, fmt-check) passes.

Co-authored-by: sneak <sneak@sneak.berlin>
Reviewed-on: #62
Co-authored-by: clawbot <clawbot@noreply.example.org>
Co-committed-by: clawbot <clawbot@noreply.example.org>

internal/database/blobs_test.go

@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
-package database
+package database_test
 
 import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/database"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/types"
 )
 
 func TestBlobRepository(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
 	db, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
 	defer cleanup()
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	repo := NewBlobRepository(db)
+	repo := database.NewBlobRepository(db)
 
 	// Test Create
-	blob := &Blob{
+	blob := &database.Blob{
 		ID:        types.NewBlobID(),
 		Hash:      types.BlobHash("blobhash123"),
 		CreatedTS: time.Now().Truncate(time.Second),
@@ -42,7 +45,8 @@ func TestBlobRepository(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	if !retrieved.CreatedTS.Equal(blob.CreatedTS) {
-		t.Errorf("created timestamp mismatch: got %v, want %v", retrieved.CreatedTS, blob.CreatedTS)
+		t.Errorf("created timestamp mismatch: got %v, want %v",
+			retrieved.CreatedTS, blob.CreatedTS)
 	}
 
 	// Test GetByID
@@ -60,7 +64,7 @@ func TestBlobRepository(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Test with second blob
-	blob2 := &Blob{
+	blob2 := &database.Blob{
 		ID:        types.NewBlobID(),
 		Hash:      types.BlobHash("blobhash456"),
 		CreatedTS: time.Now().Truncate(time.Second),
@@ -70,6 +74,27 @@ func TestBlobRepository(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create second blob: %v", err)
 	}
+}
+
+func TestBlobRepositoryUpdates(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	repo := database.NewBlobRepository(db)
+
+	blob := &database.Blob{
+		ID:        types.NewBlobID(),
+		Hash:      types.BlobHash("blobhash123"),
+		CreatedTS: time.Now().Truncate(time.Second),
+	}
+
+	err := repo.Create(ctx, nil, blob)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create blob: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	// Test UpdateFinished
 	now := time.Now()
@@ -119,13 +144,15 @@ func TestBlobRepository(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBlobRepositoryDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
 	db, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
 	defer cleanup()
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	repo := NewBlobRepository(db)
+	repo := database.NewBlobRepository(db)
 
-	blob := &Blob{
+	blob := &database.Blob{
 		ID:        types.NewBlobID(),
 		Hash:      types.BlobHash("duplicate_blob"),
 		CreatedTS: time.Now().Truncate(time.Second),