Update golangci-lint to v2.12.2 with canonical config (#62)

Updates golangci-lint to v2.12.2 everywhere it is pinned and installs the canonical `.golangci.yml`, then remediates every finding the new linter/config surfaces so `make check` is green.

## Version bump

- `Dockerfile` lint stage: `golangci/golangci-lint:v2.11.3-alpine` -> `v2.12.2-alpine` (digest-pinned, date comment updated)
- `Makefile` `deps` target: `go install` moved from the old v1 module path at `@latest` to the pinned `github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.12.2`
- `.golangci.yml` replaced with the canonical config (v2 schema; settings under `linters.settings` so the thresholds actually apply; `default: all` with the standard six disables)
- `script/bootstrap` installs golangci-lint via the system package manager and carries no version pin, so it is unchanged
- CI (`.gitea/workflows/check.yml`) only runs `script/cibuild`, so it needed no change

## Lint remediation

The canonical config surfaced ~3,300 findings across 56k lines. All are fixed, behavior-preserving; incorporates and supersedes the per-package mechanical passes already merged to `main` (refs #61). Highlights:

- `err113`: dynamic errors replaced with package sentinels + `%w` wrapping; comparisons via `errors.Is`
- `goprintffuncname`: printf-style helpers renamed with an `f` suffix (`ui.Writer` message methods, `cli.ReportErrorf`, `database.Fatalf`) and all call sites updated
- `revive` stutter renames: `blob.Handler`, `blob.WithReader`, `blob.ChunkPosition`, `storage.URL`, `storage.Info`; missing doc comments added
- `contextcheck`/`noctx`: `context.Context` threaded through `blob.Packer` and the scanner call sites; context-aware `exec`/`sql` variants
- `funlen`/`cyclop`/`gocognit`/`dupl`: oversized and duplicated functions split into focused helpers (production and test code)
- tests: `t.Parallel()` added where safe (global logger init kept in the serial phase for `-race`), `t.TempDir()`/`t.Helper()` adopted, several suites converted to external test packages
- `gosec`: bounded integer conversions, `ReadHeaderTimeout` on the test HTTP server; remaining warnings suppressed per-site with justifications
- remaining `nolint` directives are rare, targeted, and each carries a reason (e.g. `nilnil` not-found contract in the repository layer, fx module globals, on-disk snake_case struct tags)
- removed the deprecated `log.LogOptions` alias (callers migrated to `log.Options`)

`make check` (tests with `-race`, lint, fmt-check) passes.

Co-authored-by: sneak <sneak@sneak.berlin>
Reviewed-on: #62
Co-authored-by: clawbot <clawbot@noreply.example.org>
Co-committed-by: clawbot <clawbot@noreply.example.org>

internal/cli/entry.go

@@ -9,15 +9,19 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/vaultik/internal/ui"
 )
 
-// CLIEntry is the main entry point for the CLI application.
+// shortCommitLen is the number of git commit hash characters shown in
+// the startup banner.
+const shortCommitLen = 12
+
+// Entry is the main entry point for the CLI application.
 // It prints the startup banner (unless a quiet flag is present in os.Args),
 // executes the root cobra command, and routes any returned error through
 // the ui.Writer so the user sees a properly formatted "🛑 ERROR:" line.
-func CLIEntry() {
+func Entry() {
 	if !bannerSuppressedInArgs(os.Args[1:]) {
 		short := globals.Commit
-		if len(short) > 12 {
-			short = short[:12]
+		if len(short) > shortCommitLen {
+			short = short[:shortCommitLen]
 		}
 
 		writeStartupBanner(ui.New(os.Stdout), time.Now().UTC(), short)
@@ -28,17 +32,17 @@ func CLIEntry() {
 
 	err := rootCmd.Execute()
 	if err != nil {
-		ReportError("%s", err.Error())
+		ReportErrorf("%s", err.Error())
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }
 
-// ReportError emits a user-facing error to stderr in the standard
+// ReportErrorf emits a user-facing error to stderr in the standard
 // 🛑 ERROR: format. Use it from goroutine error paths (where returning
 // an error to cobra isn't an option) and anywhere else a CLI command
 // must surface a failure outside the normal RunE return path.
-func ReportError(format string, args ...any) {
-	ui.New(os.Stderr).Error(format, args...)
+func ReportErrorf(format string, args ...any) {
+	ui.New(os.Stderr).Errorf(format, args...)
 }
 
 // bannerSuppressedInArgs reports whether any of args is a flag that