Stamp the tag or short commit in a plain docker build (closes #211)

A plain `docker build .` stamped `dev`: `.dockerignore` left out `.git`
and the Dockerfile defaulted VERSION to `dev`. `.dockerignore` now
sends `.git` without `.git/config`. Given no build arguments, the
builder stamps `git describe --tags --always` and the commit and date
from git, and fails if `.git` is present but yields no version. The
empty CHECK_EPOCH refusal is gone so the plain build succeeds.
`script/version` now prints `git describe --tags --always --dirty`, so
make, the scripts and a plain build agree. `vaultik version` treats
the short commit and tag-N-gHASH forms as development builds, so they
keep the development-build notice.

Model: opus-5-5

Makefile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 .PHONY: all bootstrap setup check test lint lint-fix fmt fmt-check build clean deps test-coverage local install release release-snapshot docker hooks
 
-# Version number, derived from git by script/version -- the tag when
-# HEAD is on one, otherwise dev-<sha>. This used to be a hardcoded
+# Version number, derived from git by script/version (`git describe
+# --tags --always --dirty`). This used to be a hardcoded
 # constant, which meant every local build claimed to be a release that
 # had never been tagged.
 VERSION := $(shell script/version)