smallwebwaf/internal/config/config.go

// Package config reads smallwebwaf's settings. Every setting is an
// environment variable whose name starts with SWWAF_, every setting has a
// default, and this package is the one place they are read.
package config

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"math"
	"net"
	"net/netip"
	"net/url"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

// Config is smallwebwaf's settings. A timeout or size of zero is off.
type Config struct {
	// ListenAddr is where smallwebwaf listens (SWWAF_LISTEN_ADDR).
	ListenAddr string
	// UpstreamURL is the app (SWWAF_UPSTREAM_URL).
	UpstreamURL *url.URL
	// TrustedProxies are the netblocks whose X-Forwarded-For is
	// believed (SWWAF_TRUSTED_PROXIES).
	TrustedProxies []netip.Prefix
	// ClientRequestTimeout bounds reading the whole request from the
	// client (SWWAF_CLIENT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT).
	ClientRequestTimeout time.Duration
	// ClientResponseTimeout bounds writing the whole response to the
	// client (SWWAF_CLIENT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT).
	ClientResponseTimeout time.Duration
	// UpstreamRequestTimeout bounds connecting to the app and writing
	// the whole request to it (SWWAF_UPSTREAM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT).
	UpstreamRequestTimeout time.Duration
	// UpstreamResponseTimeout bounds reading the whole response from
	// the app (SWWAF_UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT).
	UpstreamResponseTimeout time.Duration
	// RequestMaxBytes is the largest request body
	// (SWWAF_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES).
	RequestMaxBytes int64
	// ResponseMaxBytes is the largest response body
	// (SWWAF_RESPONSE_MAX_BYTES).
	ResponseMaxBytes int64

	// settings are the values read, as given or by default, for the
	// log line at start.
	settings []slog.Attr
}

// off is the value that switches a timeout or a size limit off.
const off = "off"

const (
	day      = 24 * time.Hour
	kibibyte = 1 << 10
	mebibyte = 1 << 20
	gibibyte = 1 << 30
)

var (
	errNotDuration = errors.New(
		"is not a duration such as 90s, 15m or 7d, or off")
	errNotSize = errors.New(
		"is not a size such as 512K, 100M or 5G, or off")
	errNotPositive = errors.New("must be more than zero, or off")
	errEmptyItem   = errors.New("has an empty item in its list")
	errNotNetblock = errors.New(
		"is not a netblock such as 10.0.0.0/8, or an address")
	errNotListenAddr = errors.New(
		"is not an address to listen on, such as :8080")
	errNotUpstreamURL = errors.New(
		"is not a URL with only a scheme, a host and an optional port, " +
			"such as http://127.0.0.1:8081")
)

// FromEnvironment reads the settings with lookupEnv, normally
// os.LookupEnv. A setting that is not set takes its default. A setting
// that is set but invalid is an error that names it.
func FromEnvironment(lookupEnv func(string) (string, bool)) (*Config, error) {
	env := &environment{lookupEnv: lookupEnv}
	cfg := &Config{
		ListenAddr:              env.address("SWWAF_LISTEN_ADDR", ":8080"),
		UpstreamURL:             env.appURL("SWWAF_UPSTREAM_URL", "http://127.0.0.1:8081"),
		TrustedProxies:          env.netblocks("SWWAF_TRUSTED_PROXIES", privateRanges),
		ClientRequestTimeout:    env.duration("SWWAF_CLIENT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT", "60s"),
		ClientResponseTimeout:   env.duration("SWWAF_CLIENT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT", "30m"),
		UpstreamRequestTimeout:  env.duration("SWWAF_UPSTREAM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT", "60s"),
		UpstreamResponseTimeout: env.duration("SWWAF_UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT", "30m"),
		RequestMaxBytes:         env.size("SWWAF_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES", "100M"),
		ResponseMaxBytes:        env.size("SWWAF_RESPONSE_MAX_BYTES", "5G"),
	}

	if env.err != nil {
		return nil, env.err
	}

	cfg.settings = env.settings

	return cfg, nil
}

// privateRanges are the private address ranges, the default trusted
// proxies.
const privateRanges = "10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16"

// LogValue makes a Config log as each setting's name with the value it was
// given, or its default.
func (c *Config) LogValue() slog.Value {
	return slog.GroupValue(c.settings...)
}

// environment is where FromEnvironment reads the settings: it notes each
// value for the log, and keeps the first error.
type environment struct {
	lookupEnv func(string) (string, bool)
	settings  []slog.Attr
	err       error
}

// value returns a setting's value, or its default when it is not set,
// and notes it for the log.
func (e *environment) value(name, defaultValue string) string {
	value, ok := e.lookupEnv(name)
	if !ok {
		value = defaultValue
	}

	e.settings = append(e.settings, slog.String(name, value))

	return value
}

// check keeps the first error, naming the setting it is about.
func (e *environment) check(name string, err error) {
	if err != nil && e.err == nil {
		e.err = fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", name, err)
	}
}

// address reads a setting that is an address to listen on.
func (e *environment) address(name, defaultValue string) string {
	address, err := parseListenAddr(e.value(name, defaultValue))
	e.check(name, err)

	return address
}

// appURL reads a setting that is the app's URL.
func (e *environment) appURL(name, defaultValue string) *url.URL {
	upstream, err := parseUpstreamURL(e.value(name, defaultValue))
	e.check(name, err)

	return upstream
}

// netblocks reads a setting that is a list of netblocks.
func (e *environment) netblocks(name, defaultValue string) []netip.Prefix {
	netblocks, err := parseNetblocks(e.value(name, defaultValue))
	e.check(name, err)

	return netblocks
}

// duration reads a setting that is a duration.
func (e *environment) duration(name, defaultValue string) time.Duration {
	duration, err := parseDuration(e.value(name, defaultValue))
	e.check(name, err)

	return duration
}

// size reads a setting that is a number of bytes.
func (e *environment) size(name, defaultValue string) int64 {
	size, err := parseSize(e.value(name, defaultValue))
	e.check(name, err)

	return size
}

// parseDuration reads a duration in Go's syntax, such as 90s or 15m, a
// whole number of days such as 7d, or off.
func parseDuration(value string) (time.Duration, error) {
	if value == off {
		return 0, nil
	}

	duration, err := durationOrDays(value)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotDuration)
	}

	if duration <= 0 {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotPositive)
	}

	return duration, nil
}

// durationOrDays reads Go's duration syntax, or a whole number of days.
func durationOrDays(value string) (time.Duration, error) {
	days, isDays := strings.CutSuffix(value, "d")
	if !isDays {
		return time.ParseDuration(value)
	}

	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(days, 10, 64)
	if err != nil || n < 0 || n > math.MaxInt64/int64(day) {
		return 0, errNotDuration
	}

	return time.Duration(n) * day, nil
}

// parseSize reads a number of bytes with an optional K, M or G suffix, in
// powers of 1024 (1K is 1024 bytes), or off.
func parseSize(value string) (int64, error) {
	if value == off {
		return 0, nil
	}

	number, unit := splitUnit(value)

	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(number, 10, 64)
	if err != nil || n > math.MaxInt64/unit {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotSize)
	}

	if n <= 0 {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotPositive)
	}

	return n * unit, nil
}

// splitUnit splits a size into its number and the bytes its suffix
// stands for.
func splitUnit(value string) (string, int64) {
	switch {
	case strings.HasSuffix(value, "K"):
		return strings.TrimSuffix(value, "K"), kibibyte
	case strings.HasSuffix(value, "M"):
		return strings.TrimSuffix(value, "M"), mebibyte
	case strings.HasSuffix(value, "G"):
		return strings.TrimSuffix(value, "G"), gibibyte
	default:
		return value, 1
	}
}

// parseList splits a comma-separated list and trims the spaces around
// each item. An empty value is an empty list.
func parseList(value string) ([]string, error) {
	if strings.TrimSpace(value) == "" {
		return []string{}, nil
	}

	items := strings.Split(value, ",")
	for i, item := range items {
		items[i] = strings.TrimSpace(item)
		if items[i] == "" {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errEmptyItem)
		}
	}

	return items, nil
}

// parseNetblocks reads a comma-separated list of netblocks.
func parseNetblocks(value string) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
	items, err := parseList(value)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	netblocks := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(items))

	for _, item := range items {
		netblock, err := parseNetblock(item)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		netblocks = append(netblocks, netblock)
	}

	return netblocks, nil
}

// parseNetblock reads a netblock in CIDR form, such as 10.0.0.0/8. A bare
// address is a netblock of that address alone, a /32 or a /128.
func parseNetblock(value string) (netip.Prefix, error) {
	if strings.Contains(value, "/") {
		netblock, err := netip.ParsePrefix(value)
		if err != nil {
			return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotNetblock)
		}

		return netblock.Masked(), nil
	}

	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(value)
	if err != nil || addr.Zone() != "" {
		return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotNetblock)
	}

	return netip.PrefixFrom(addr, addr.BitLen()), nil
}

// parseListenAddr checks an address to listen on: an optional host and a
// port number.
func parseListenAddr(value string) (string, error) {
	_, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(value)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotListenAddr)
	}

	_, err = strconv.ParseUint(port, 10, 16)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotListenAddr)
	}

	return value, nil
}

// parseUpstreamURL reads the app's URL: http or https, a host and an
// optional port from 1 to 65535, and nothing else, since the request's
// own path and query go to the app unchanged.
func parseUpstreamURL(value string) (*url.URL, error) {
	upstream, err := url.Parse(value)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotUpstreamURL)
	}

	onlySchemeAndHost := (upstream.Scheme == "http" || upstream.Scheme == "https") &&
		upstream.Hostname() != "" && upstream.User == nil && upstream.Opaque == "" &&
		(upstream.Path == "" || upstream.Path == "/") &&
		upstream.RawQuery == "" && upstream.Fragment == ""
	if !onlySchemeAndHost {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotUpstreamURL)
	}

	if upstream.Port() != "" {
		port, err := strconv.ParseUint(upstream.Port(), 10, 16)
		if err != nil || port == 0 {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotUpstreamURL)
		}
	}

	return upstream, nil
}