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README rewritten from scratch so a newcomer can follow it (closes #154 , closes #155 )

The old README opened with project history and one list of a hundred
settings. The new one leads with what smallwebwaf is, what it protects
against, how to build and deploy it, what happens to a request, the
settings most deployments touch, how to check it works, the entrypoints,
the rationale and the design, as REPO_POLICIES.md requires. The reference
lists, every setting, the rule file format, the endpoints, the request
log's fields, the alert events, the metrics, the state files, the image
and the gitea notes, move to files under docs/, each linked from the
README, with SPEC.md as the one place for behaviour. Every statement was
checked against the code on next.

Model: fable-5-1

2026-10-22 22:29:53 +00:00

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Admin endpoints

The endpoints under /_smallwebwaf/, what each takes and what each answers. "Admin endpoints" in SPEC.md says which checks they go through and how their tokens work.

GET /_smallwebwaf/healthz: 200 and ok, to anyone.
GET /_smallwebwaf/metrics: the metrics, for SWWAF_METRICS_TOKEN (see metrics.md).
GET /_smallwebwaf/bans: every ban held, under bans, each as bans.json lists it. Needs SWWAF_ADMIN_TOKEN, as do the three below.
POST /_smallwebwaf/bans: bans a netblock. The body is a JSON object of netblock, duration and, if you like, reason. netblock is a netblock such as 203.0.113.0/24, or a client's address, which bans its IPv4 netblock (SWWAF_BAN_SCOPE_V4_PREFIX) or its IPv6 group. duration is a duration such as 1h or 7d, or permanent. A bad body is answered 400, saying what is wrong:
- one that is not such an object, or has another field;
- one longer than 4 KiB;
- one that names an IPv4-mapped netblock, or an address with a zone.
DELETE /_smallwebwaf/bans/<client>: lifts every active ban covering the address <client>. It answers 404 when none is active.
GET /_smallwebwaf/clients/<ip>: what smallwebwaf knows of the client. Under client, its counters and history as clients.json holds them, or null when clients.json does not hold it. Under bans, every ban covering the address, with its notes.

Examples

With SWWAF_ADMIN_TOKEN set, and the token in $TOKEN:

# Every ban.
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" https://app.example/_smallwebwaf/bans

# Ban 203.0.113.0/24 for seven days.
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
    --json '{"netblock": "203.0.113.0/24", "duration": "7d", "reason": "probes for logins"}' \
    https://app.example/_smallwebwaf/bans

# Lift the bans on 203.0.113.9.
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" -X DELETE \
    https://app.example/_smallwebwaf/bans/203.0.113.9

# What smallwebwaf knows of 203.0.113.9.
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
    https://app.example/_smallwebwaf/clients/203.0.113.9

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Admin endpoints

Examples

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