deploy/gitea: Gitea behind traefik, rproxy and servewaf, with its test (closes #178)

deploy/gitea/compose.yaml runs traefik, stock Gitea 1.27.3, rproxy and
servewaf on one network with a fixed subnet. Its containers skip
servewaf's checks; the network's gateway is left out of that range.
rproxy takes uploads of 2 GiB and 30 minutes, and cuts responses at 15
minutes. script/gitea-setup (make gitea-setup) brings the setup up and
checks it. docs/gitea.md is rewritten around the setup.

Judgement call: the Core Rule Set runs in detect mode, so it refuses nothing.
Judgement call: traefik serves its own certificate; no certificate resolver.
Partially verified: the image build failed three runs on Ubuntu's snapshot
service, so the checks ran only against a stand-in image with the same binary.

Model: deepseek-v4-pro (implementation), opus-5-5 (rework)

docs/gitea.md

@@ -1,51 +1,178 @@
 # smallwebwaf in front of gitea
 
-These notes record what `smallwebwaf` does in front of gitea at the default
-settings. They are observations, not requirements; the requirements are in
-[`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md). `script/gitea-requests` runs gitea behind `rproxy` and
-`servewaf`, and sends through them a sample of gitea's ordinary use and the
+`deploy/gitea/compose.yaml` runs gitea behind traefik, with `rproxy` and
+`servewaf` in front of it. This document says what that setup sets and why, and
+what the defaults would do without it. [`SPEC.md`](../SPEC.md) says how
+`smallwebwaf` behaves.
+
+## The setup
+
+Four containers share one Docker network, the shared network:
+
+- traefik, which routes the site's HTTPS requests to `rproxy`, and redirects
+  plain HTTP to HTTPS;
+- `rproxy`, in front of gitea;
+- gitea 1.27.3, as its image comes;
+- `servewaf`, with a volume for its state files.
+
+To start it:
+
+1. In `deploy/gitea/compose.yaml`, replace `git.example.org` with the site's
+   host name.
+2. Replace each `10.99.0` with the first three numbers of a `/24` subnet that no
+   other network on the host uses. Replace each `fd10:99` with the first two
+   hextets of an unused `/64` subnet whose third and fourth hextets are 0, as in
+   `fd10:99::/64`.
+3. Set `SMALLWEBWAF_IMAGE` to the `smallwebwaf` image, named by digest.
+4. Run `docker compose up --detach` in `deploy/gitea`.
+5. Make gitea's first user with `gitea admin user create`, in gitea's container,
+   as the user `git`.
+
+gitea starts at its defaults, with SQLite, instead of showing its install page
+to whoever opens it first. traefik answers with a certificate it made itself
+until you add a certificate resolver, as for your other sites. SSH to gitea does
+not pass through `smallwebwaf`; publish gitea's SSH port yourself if you use it.
+
+`make gitea-setup` checks the setup. It builds the image, brings the setup up
+under a name of its own, and checks:
+
+- that a page load, a push and a clone sent through traefik pass through
+  `rproxy`, and that `servewaf` checks them;
+- that gitea logs the visitor's address, not `rproxy`'s;
+- that a request from a container on the shared network skips the checks;
+- that with `servewaf` stopped, gitea still answers through `rproxy`.
+
+## Uploads and downloads
+
+An upload is a request:
+
+- a git push;
+- an LFS object;
+- a container image layer;
+- a package file;
+- a release attachment.
+
+The setup lets an upload of up to 2 GiB, sent in up to 30 minutes, through:
+
+- `SWRP_MAX_REQUEST_SIZE` is `2G`. At the default, an upload over 100 MiB is cut
+  off.
+- `SWRP_MAX_REQUEST_TIME_MS` is `1800000`, 30 minutes. At the default, an upload
+  that takes over 60 seconds is cut off.
+- traefik's `readTimeout` is 30 minutes. traefik's own default of 60 seconds for
+  a whole request would cut off an upload first.
+
+A clone or a download is a response:
+
+- `SWRP_MAX_RESPONSE_TIME_MS` is `900000`, 15 minutes, half the default. A clone
+  or download that takes longer is cut off.
+- `SWRP_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE` stays at its default, 1 GiB. A repository whose clone
+  is larger needs it raised, and the byte limits with it ("Byte limits, per
+  client" in `SPEC.md`).
+
+The byte limits stay at their defaults. Two uploads of 2 GiB from one address in
+one minute pass the minute's limit of 4 GiB, and ban the address.
+
+## The checks
+
+`SWWAF_WAF_MODE` is `detect`. The Core Rule Set then logs a match, with its rule
+ids, and refuses nothing. In `block` mode, the default, it refuses everyday
+gitea searches and file names. The section "What the Core Rule Set refuses in
+`block` mode" below lists them. Each such refusal counts toward the error burst,
+so 31 in one minute ban the address.
+
+Every other check stays at its default. A client may make 500 requests a minute,
+20,000 an hour and 300,000 a day. Archive downloads and blame and history pages
+are what scrapers hammer, and these limits do most of the work there.
+
+## The shared network
+
+Containers on the shared network skip `servewaf`'s checks:
+
+- The shared network's subnets are `10.99.0.0/24` and `fd10:99::/64`. Docker
+  gives its containers addresses in the upper half of each, `10.99.0.128/25` and
+  `fd10:99:0:0:8000::/65`, which `SWWAF_ALLOW_NETS` names.
+- traefik is known on the shared network by the site's host name. So a container
+  there that asks for the site reaches traefik from its own address. An
+  automation fleet in such a container skips the checks.
+- Each subnet's gateway, `10.99.0.1` and `fd10:99::1`, is the host's own address
+  on it. Requests docker passes on from a published port can come from the
+  gateway, so the gateways are left out of `SWWAF_ALLOW_NETS`. The network has
+  IPv6, so a visitor over IPv6 reaches traefik from its own address, and
+  servewaf checks it as itself.
+- A container on the shared network that asks for the site at the host's public
+  address arrives from the gateway. It is checked like any visitor.
+- A fleet on another host can have its address added to `SWWAF_ALLOW_NETS`.
+  Without that, the default request limits are sized for such a fleet.
+- traefik replaces the `X-Forwarded-For` a visitor sends, by default. Keep it
+  so: otherwise a visitor could name an address on the shared network, and skip
+  the checks.
+- Anything on the shared network can reach gitea and `servewaf` around `rproxy`.
+  Put only containers you trust on it.
+
+## gitea's settings
+
+- `REVERSE_PROXY_TRUSTED_PROXIES` names `rproxy`'s fixed addresses, `10.99.0.2`
+  and `fd10:99::2`. gitea then takes each visitor's address from the `X-Real-Ip`
+  header, which traefik sets and `rproxy` passes on. Without it, gitea logs
+  every visitor as `rproxy`.
+- `INSTALL_LOCK` is `true`, as "The setup" above says.
+
+## Methods
+
+`rproxy` passes on only these methods: `GET`, `HEAD`, `POST`, `OPTIONS`, `PUT`,
+`DELETE`, `PATCH` and `QUERY`. gitea 1.27.3 needs no other. Its routes use:
+
+- pages and the API: `GET`, `HEAD`, `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH` and `DELETE`;
+- git's push, clone and fetch over HTTP: `GET`, `POST` and `OPTIONS`;
+- LFS: `GET`, `POST` and `PUT`;
+- the container registry and the other package registries: `GET`, `HEAD`,
+  `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH` and `DELETE`;
+- Actions runners: `POST`.
+
+## The log
+
+`rproxy` and `servewaf` write each query string to the log whole. A token sent
+in the query string, as `?token=`, is then in the log. Send it in the
+`Authorization` header instead.
+
+## Actions runners
+
+A runner on the shared network skips the checks. One on another host is counted
+like any client. A runner older than version 0.4 (April 2026) asks for work
+every 2 seconds, 43,200 requests a day. While it runs a job, it reports the
+job's log and state every second instead, two requests a second. So one runner
+busy all day sends 120 requests a minute and 172,800 a day, under the request
+limits.
+
+Several runners on one address can pass them:
+
+- Two busy all day make 345,600 requests, and pass the day limit of 300,000.
+- Three busy at once make 21,600 an hour, and pass the hour limit of 20,000.
+- Five busy at once make 600 a minute, and pass the minute limit of 500.
+
+Their address is then banned, their running jobs fail, and each repeat within a
+day makes the ban longer. Newer runners ask for work less often. Put the
+runners' addresses in `SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_NETS`.
+
+## What the Core Rule Set refuses in `block` mode
+
+These notes record what the Core Rule Set does in front of gitea in `block`
+mode, at the other defaults. They are observations, not requirements.
+`script/gitea-requests` runs gitea behind `rproxy` and `servewaf` at the
+defaults. It sends through them a sample of gitea's ordinary use and the
 requests named below. It reports each request the Core Rule Set refuses, so that
 these notes can be checked again when gitea or the Core Rule Set changes
-version.
+version. In `detect` mode, as the setup runs it, the same requests are logged
+with their rule ids, and pass.
 
-## What the defaults cover
+Each refusal answers only that request ("Bans" in `SPEC.md` says what it counts
+toward). The request log names the rule in `waf_rule_ids`, which
+`SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES` can switch off.
 
-- SSH access to gitea does not pass through `smallwebwaf` and is not protected
-  by it.
-- A clone is a response. It fits the defaults of 30 minutes and 1 GiB unless the
-  repository is large or the link slow. A repository whose clone is larger than
-  1 GiB needs `SWRP_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE` raised, and the byte limits with it
-  ("Byte limits, per client" in `SPEC.md`).
-- A push is a request, and so is every other upload:
-    - a git push;
-    - an LFS object;
-    - a container image layer;
-    - a package file;
-    - a release attachment.
+### What it lets through
 
-    At the defaults, an upload larger than 100 MiB or taking more than 60
-    seconds is cut off ("`rproxy`'s limits" in `SPEC.md`). A gitea that takes
-    large uploads needs `SWRP_MAX_REQUEST_SIZE` and `SWRP_MAX_REQUEST_TIME_MS`
-    raised to fit.
-
-- Archive download and blame or history pages are what scrapers hammer. The
-  request limits do most of the work there.
-- An Actions runner that reaches gitea through `smallwebwaf` sends requests all
-  day. One older than version 0.4 (April 2026) asks for work every 2 seconds,
-  43,200 requests a day. While it runs a job, it reports the job's log and state
-  every second instead, two requests a second. So one runner busy all day sends
-  120 requests a minute and 172,800 a day, under the request limits. Two such
-  runners on one address, each busy all day, make 345,600 and pass the day limit
-  of 300,000. Three busy at once make 21,600 an hour and pass the hour limit of
-  20,000. Five busy at once make 600 a minute and pass the minute limit of 500.
-  Their address is then banned, their running jobs fail, and each repeat within
-  a day makes the ban longer. Newer runners ask for work less often. Put the
-  runners' addresses in `SWWAF_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_NETS`.
-
-## What the Core Rule Set lets through
-
-At the defaults, the Core Rule Set lets gitea's ordinary use through, apart from
-the refusals in the next section:
+The Core Rule Set lets gitea's ordinary use through, apart from the refusals in
+the sections after this one:
 
 - browsing and views of files in a repository, with their history, blame and the
   file tree;
@@ -60,12 +187,6 @@ the refusals in the next section:
   editor, code included, since no body is read;
 - the page gitea shows after a change, with its message naming what was done.
 
-## What the Core Rule Set still refuses
-
-Each refusal answers only that request ("Bans" in `SPEC.md` says what it counts
-toward). The request log names the rule in `waf_rule_ids`, which
-`SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES` can switch off.
-
 ### A query string that reads as an attack
 
 Most often this is a search. A search term is a query parameter, which the Core
@@ -183,7 +304,7 @@ the runner. The error burst ("Attack detection" in `SPEC.md`) bans it after more
 than 30 such refusals from its address in a minute, as when many jobs upload at
 once. `actions/upload-artifact@v4` does not send the header.
 
-## What body inspection refuses
+### What body inspection refuses
 
 With `SWWAF_WAF_BODY_LIMIT` set, the Core Rule Set reads request bodies too. In
 front of gitea it then refuses these, until their rule ids, named in the request
@@ -195,7 +316,7 @@ log, are added to `SWWAF_WAF_DISABLED_RULES`:
 - PyPI uploads (922130);
 - attachments named like `debug.log` or `config.yml` (932180).
 
-## What `script/gitea-requests` sends
+### What `script/gitea-requests` sends
 
 Of the requests above, the script sends: