Alerts to a JSON webhook, with a cooldown and an hourly summary (closes #26)

SWWAF_ALERT_WEBHOOK_URL gets one JSON POST per alert, in SPEC.md's
schema, with SWWAF_ALERT_WEBHOOK_HEADERS: ban and permanent_ban, with
the ban's notes, in observe mode too, marked mode observe and worked
out only when the alert would be sent; source_failure for GeoJS;
file_error for a rule or state file with an error. SWWAF_ALERT_EVENTS
chooses; SWWAF_ALERT_COOLDOWN holds back repeats by netblock, file or
source; past SWWAF_ALERT_MAX_PER_HOUR the hour ends in one summary. A
bounded queue, retried with backoff, holds up no request; a 4xx other
than 408 and 429 gives the alert up. alerts.json keeps the queue, the
cooldowns and the hour. Nothing shows the URL's path or query.

Judgement call: the summary's event is summary, which SPEC.md omits.
Judgement call: an admin's ban raises no alert.

Model: opus-5-5

internal/proxy/proxy.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/alerts"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/bans"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/config"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/smallwebwaf/internal/lookup"
@@ -63,6 +64,9 @@ type Params struct {
 	// Rules are the rule files' rules, which each request is checked
 	// against.
 	Rules *rules.Files
+	// Alerts receive the alert for each ban the proxy makes or makes
+	// permanent, and for GeoJS failing.
+	Alerts *alerts.Queue
 }
 
 // Server is the server smallwebwaf runs, with the parts of the proxy
@@ -110,8 +114,10 @@ func New(params Params) *Server {
 			Now:        params.Now,
 			ProcessLog: params.ProcessLog,
 			Metrics:    m,
+			Alerts:     params.Alerts,
 		}),
-		rules: params.Rules,
+		rules:  params.Rules,
+		alerts: params.Alerts,
 	}
 	m.AddBansAndClients(h.ledger, h.limiter, params.Now)
 	m.AddRules(params.Rules)
@@ -150,6 +156,7 @@ type handler struct {
 	ledger     *bans.Ledger
 	geojs      *lookup.GeoJS
 	rules      *rules.Files
+	alerts     *alerts.Queue
 }
 
 // newTransport returns what carries requests to the app. It never goes