Say which bytes the byte limits count, and what passing one does (closes #203)
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The byte limits and the byte anomaly thresholds count body bytes, as SWW_BYTES_COUNT chooses them, once a response has ended; the request that takes a client past a limit is passed on whole, and the client is banned. README.md, SPEC.md and docs/settings.md now say so where they said "bytes a client's requests may carry". Also made plain: a request past a rate limit is refused and bans the client; SWRP_MAX_REQUEST_TIME_MS is two consecutive limits; SWW_LOOKUP_SOURCE's three values; and the claim that discriminator always answers within SWRP_TIMEOUT_MS, which the spec itself contradicts. Model: fable-5-1
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@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ without an answer in time, `rproxy` passes the request to the app.
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It protects against:
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- Scrapers that fetch every page of a site, all day. Each client gets a limit on
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requests and on bytes per minute, per hour and per day. The defaults leave
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room for a person reading a site for hours. They catch a scraper that keeps up
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one request every 2 seconds. A client over a limit is refused and banned: for
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a while at first, for three times as long at each repeat, and permanently when
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it keeps at it.
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requests and on body bytes per minute, per hour and per day. The defaults
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leave room for a person reading a site for hours. They catch a scraper that
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keeps up one request every 2 seconds. A client that breaks a limit is banned:
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for a while at first, for three times as long at each repeat, and permanently
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when it keeps at it.
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- Scanners that probe for secrets, such as `/.env` or `/.git/config`. The
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default rule file bans such a client at its first probe, and its next request
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during the ban makes the ban permanent. Your own rules, or a list of trap
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@@ -209,6 +209,9 @@ account, a key, a token or an alert destination stays off until you give one.
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percentage is a whole number from 0 to 100. A path prefix starts with `/`.
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- `off` switches a limit, a threshold or a timeout off where the table says a
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setting takes it.
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- The byte limits and the anomaly thresholds on bytes count body bytes: the
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app's response bodies, the visitors' request bodies, or both, as
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`SWW_BYTES_COUNT` says. Headers are never counted.
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- An invalid setting stops the process at start with one log line naming the
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variable and what is wrong with the value. The settings in effect are logged
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on one line at start, with tokens, keys and webhook paths shown as `********`.
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@@ -216,7 +219,7 @@ account, a key, a token or an alert destination stays off until you give one.
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Every setting the code reads, with its default:
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| Variable | Default | What it does |
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| ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `SWW_COMMAND` | `rproxy` | Which command the image runs, and its health check checks: `rproxy` or `discriminator`. |
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| `SWRP_WAF_BACKEND` | required | `discriminator`'s URL, such as `http://discriminator:8080`. |
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| `SWRP_UPSTREAM_URL` | `http://127.0.0.1:8081` | The app's URL: a scheme, a host and an optional port, nothing more. |
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@@ -226,7 +229,7 @@ Every setting the code reads, with its default:
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| `SWRP_DEFAULT_DISPOSITION` | `allow` | What `rproxy` does with a request when `discriminator` cannot be reached or does not answer in time: `allow` passes it to the app, `deny` answers `503`. |
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| `SWRP_MAX_REQUEST_SIZE` | `100M` | The largest request body, a size or `off`; a larger one is answered `413`. |
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| `SWRP_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE` | `1G` | The largest response body, a size or `off`; a larger one is answered `502`, or cut off once it has started. |
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| `SWRP_MAX_REQUEST_TIME_MS` | `60000` | How long the visitor may take to send its request line and headers, and then the whole request to reach the app, in milliseconds or `off`. |
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| `SWRP_MAX_REQUEST_TIME_MS` | `60000` | Two time limits, each this long, in milliseconds or `off`: one for the visitor to send its request line and headers, then one for the whole request to reach the app. |
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| `SWRP_MAX_RESPONSE_TIME_MS` | `1800000` | How long the answer may take, from the end of the request to its last byte reaching the visitor, in milliseconds or `off`. |
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| `SWW_LISTEN_ADDR` | `:8080` | Where `discriminator` listens; leave the host part empty. |
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| `SWW_INSTANCE_NAME` | the container's host name | The name in every line `discriminator` logs, and in every alert and metric, such as `fsn1/discriminator`. |
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@@ -237,22 +240,22 @@ Every setting the code reads, with its default:
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| `SWW_ALLOW_NETS` | empty | Netblocks whose clients skip every check, such as your monitoring. |
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| `SWW_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_NETS` | empty | Netblocks whose clients the request and byte limits neither count nor refuse. |
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| `SWW_DENY_NETS` | empty | Netblocks whose clients are refused. |
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| `SWW_RATE_LIMIT_PER_MINUTE` | `120` | The most requests a client may make in a minute, a count or `off`; one more bans it. |
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| `SWW_RATE_LIMIT_PER_HOUR` | `1500` | The most requests a client may make in an hour, a count or `off`; one more bans it. |
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| `SWW_RATE_LIMIT_PER_DAY` | `6000` | The most requests a client may make in a day, a count or `off`; one more bans it. |
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| `SWW_RATE_LIMIT_PER_MINUTE` | `120` | The most requests a client may make in a minute, a count or `off`; the next request is refused and bans the client. |
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| `SWW_RATE_LIMIT_PER_HOUR` | `1500` | The most requests a client may make in an hour, a count or `off`; the next request is refused and bans the client. |
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| `SWW_RATE_LIMIT_PER_DAY` | `6000` | The most requests a client may make in a day, a count or `off`; the next request is refused and bans the client. |
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| `SWW_RATE_LIMIT_EXEMPT_PATHS` | empty | Path prefixes whose requests the request and byte limits neither count nor refuse, such as `/assets/`. |
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| `SWW_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | The most bytes a client's requests may carry in a minute, a size or `off`; the request that takes a client past any byte limit bans it. |
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| `SWW_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_HOUR` | `50G` | The most bytes a client's requests may carry in an hour, a size or `off`. |
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| `SWW_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_DAY` | `100G` | The most bytes a client's requests may carry in a day, a size or `off`. |
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| `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` | `both` | Which body bytes the byte limits count: `response`, `request` or `both`. |
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| `SWW_ERROR_BURST_THRESHOLD` | `30` | The most refusals by a rule file, a trap path or the Core Rule Set a client may get in a minute, a count or `off`; one more bans it. |
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| `SWW_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | The most body bytes a client's requests may total in a minute, a size or `off`; the request that takes the total past a byte limit is passed on whole, and bans the client once its response has ended. |
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| `SWW_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_HOUR` | `50G` | The most body bytes a client's requests may total in an hour, a size or `off`. |
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| `SWW_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_DAY` | `100G` | The most body bytes a client's requests may total in a day, a size or `off`. |
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| `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` | `both` | Which body bytes the byte limits and the anomaly thresholds on bytes count: `response`, the app's response bodies; `request`, the visitors' request bodies; or `both`. |
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| `SWW_ERROR_BURST_THRESHOLD` | `30` | The most refusals by a rule file, a trap path or the Core Rule Set a client may get in a minute, a count or `off`; the next such refusal bans the client. |
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| `SWW_BAN_RESPONSE` | `403` | How a refused client is answered: `403`, `429` or `close`, which drops the connection. |
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| `SWW_LIMIT_BAN_DURATION` | `1h` | The ban for a first broken limit. |
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| `SWW_LIMIT_BAN_REPEAT_WINDOW` | `24h` | A limit broken again within this time after the last such ban ended gets a ban three times as long. |
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| `SWW_MAX_BAN_DURATION` | `7d` | A ban for a broken limit that would be longer than this is permanent instead. |
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| `SWW_ATTACK_BAN_DURATION` | `7d` | The ban for a first clear sign of attack: a `ban` rule or a trap path. |
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| `SWW_BAN_SCOPE_V4_PREFIX` | `32` | The prefix length of the netblock a ban on an IPv4 client covers, from 0 to 32. |
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| `SWW_LOOKUP_SOURCE` | `geojs` | Where each client's AS number and country come from: `geojs`, a web service, `file`, or `off`. |
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| `SWW_LOOKUP_SOURCE` | `geojs` | Where each client's AS number and country come from: `geojs` (a web service), `file` (a local database) or `off`. |
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| `SWW_LOOKUP_DB_PATH` | empty | The IPinfo Lite database file, in its `.mmdb` form, read while the source is `file`. |
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| `SWW_LOOKUP_TIMEOUT` | `800ms` | How long a request waits for its client's first GeoJS answer when a setting needs it, and how long a request to GeoJS may take. |
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| `SWW_ADD_LOOKUP_HEADERS` | `false` | `true` passes the app the client's AS number and country in `X-Client-ASN` and `X-Client-Country`. |
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@@ -310,27 +313,27 @@ Every setting the code reads, with its default:
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| `SWW_ALERT_MAX_PER_HOUR` | `60` | The most alerts sent in an hour, a number or `off`; the rest are counted in the hour's `summary`. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_CLIENT_REQUESTS_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when one client makes more requests than this in a minute, a count. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_CLIENT_REQUESTS_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when one client makes more requests than this in an hour, a count. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_CLIENT_BYTES_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when one client's requests carry more bytes than this in a minute, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_CLIENT_BYTES_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when one client's requests carry more bytes than this in an hour, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_CLIENT_BYTES_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when one client's body bytes total more than this in a minute, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_CLIENT_BYTES_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when one client's body bytes total more than this in an hour, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_NET_REQUESTS_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when the netblock around a client makes more requests than this in a minute, a count. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_NET_REQUESTS_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when the netblock around a client makes more requests than this in an hour, a count. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_NET_BYTES_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when the netblock around a client carries more bytes than this in a minute, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_NET_BYTES_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when the netblock around a client carries more bytes than this in an hour, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_NET_BYTES_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when the body bytes of the netblock around a client total more than this in a minute, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_NET_BYTES_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when the body bytes of the netblock around a client total more than this in an hour, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_NET_V4_PREFIX` | `24` | The prefix length of the netblock around an IPv4 client that the `SWW_ANOMALY_NET_` thresholds count, from 0 to 32. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_NET_V6_PREFIX` | `48` | The prefix length of the netblock around an IPv6 client that the `SWW_ANOMALY_NET_` thresholds count, from 0 to 128. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_ASN_REQUESTS_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when one AS number makes more requests than this in a minute, a count. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_ASN_REQUESTS_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when one AS number makes more requests than this in an hour, a count. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_ASN_BYTES_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when one AS number carries more bytes than this in a minute, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_ASN_BYTES_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when one AS number carries more bytes than this in an hour, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_ASN_BYTES_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when the body bytes of one AS number total more than this in a minute, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_ASN_BYTES_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when the body bytes of one AS number total more than this in an hour, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_TOTAL_REQUESTS_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when the whole service gets more requests than this in a minute, a count. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_TOTAL_REQUESTS_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when the whole service gets more requests than this in an hour, a count. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_TOTAL_BYTES_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when the whole service carries more bytes than this in a minute, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_TOTAL_BYTES_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when the whole service carries more bytes than this in an hour, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_TOTAL_BYTES_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when the body bytes of the whole service total more than this in a minute, a size. |
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| `SWW_ANOMALY_TOTAL_BYTES_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when the body bytes of the whole service total more than this in an hour, a size. |
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| `SWW_WATCH_NETS` | empty | Named netblocks the `SWW_WATCH_` thresholds count each as a whole, such as `office=203.0.113.0/24,scraper-x=198.51.100.0/22`. |
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| `SWW_WATCH_REQUESTS_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when a watched netblock makes more requests than this in a minute, a count. |
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| `SWW_WATCH_REQUESTS_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when a watched netblock makes more requests than this in an hour, a count. |
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| `SWW_WATCH_BYTES_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when a watched netblock carries more bytes than this in a minute, a size. |
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| `SWW_WATCH_BYTES_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when a watched netblock carries more bytes than this in an hour, a size. |
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| `SWW_WATCH_BYTES_PER_MINUTE` | `off` | Alert when the body bytes of a watched netblock total more than this in a minute, a size. |
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| `SWW_WATCH_BYTES_PER_HOUR` | `off` | Alert when the body bytes of a watched netblock total more than this in an hour, a size. |
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[`docs/settings.md`](docs/settings.md) gives the values each setting takes in
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full, and the limits that are fixed rather than settings.
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@@ -524,8 +527,9 @@ of the request reaches the app.
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14. The request is passed to the app, streaming.
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15. After the answer, `rproxy` sends `discriminator` a report with the status
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and the bytes each way. For an allowed request, `discriminator` counts the
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bytes toward the byte limits and adds the request to the client's history.
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and the body bytes each way. For an allowed request, `discriminator` counts
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the bytes `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` names toward the byte limits, bans the client if
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they take it past one, and adds the request to the client's history.
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A refused visitor is answered with `SWW_BAN_RESPONSE`. A `block` rule or a Core
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Rule Set match answers `403` and bans nobody, since the Core Rule Set has false
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@@ -184,11 +184,12 @@ request log's `heuristic` field gives that name. `refusal_limit` and
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sent is removed.
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15. After the visitor's answer has ended, `rproxy` sends the report (see "The
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report"). `discriminator` then counts:
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- For a request it allowed, the response bytes, the request bytes or both
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are added to the byte counters, as `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` says. For a
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WebSocket, what it carried each way counts once it closes. A client whose
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total passes a byte limit times the percentage has broken that limit and
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is banned (`byte_limits`). The response in progress is not cut off.
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- For a request it allowed, the body bytes of the response, of the request
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or of both are added to the byte counters, as `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` says. For
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a WebSocket, what it carried each way counts once it closes. A client
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whose total passes a byte limit times the percentage has broken that limit
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and is banned (`byte_limits`). The request that broke it has already been
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passed on whole; nothing is cut off.
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- For a request it allowed, the client's history and the anomaly counters
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are updated, and the alert thresholds are evaluated.
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@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ to a ban, each by its own rule:
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clear sign of attack bans it permanently at once.
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- A broken limit, one of:
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- a request over a rate limit;
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- a response that takes the client's byte total past a byte limit;
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- a request whose body bytes take the client's total past a byte limit;
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- more than `SWW_ERROR_BURST_THRESHOLD` refusals within a minute.
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The bans for a broken limit:
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@@ -439,10 +440,13 @@ the same way.
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### Byte limits, per client
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By default there is no minute limit, so a client can download in a burst at full
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speed. The hour limit defaults to 50 GiB and the day limit to 100 GiB. They
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allow several downloads of a few GiB each. A response's bytes are counted when
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it ends (see step 15).
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The byte limits count body bytes: the app's response bodies, the visitors'
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request bodies, or both, as `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` says. Headers are never counted. A
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request's bytes are counted once its response has ended (see step 15). So the
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request that takes a client past a limit is passed on whole, and the ban refuses
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the client's requests from then on. By default there is no minute limit, so a
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client can download in a burst at full speed. The hour limit defaults to 50 GiB
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and the day limit to 100 GiB. They allow several downloads of a few GiB each.
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### Lookup of AS number and country
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@@ -905,7 +909,8 @@ which the metrics show. They reveal a widely distributed scraper, thousands of
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addresses at low rates each, which the per-client limits do not see. A low
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`SWW_ASN_LIMIT_PERCENT` for its AS number is the response.
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- Requests and bytes are counted per minute and per hour, for each of:
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- Requests and body bytes, as `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` counts them, are counted per
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minute and per hour, for each of:
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- a client;
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- the surrounding netblock;
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- an AS number;
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@@ -1215,9 +1220,9 @@ short.
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### Answering in time
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`rproxy` stops waiting for `discriminator` after `SWRP_TIMEOUT_MS`, by default 2
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seconds, and `SWRP_DEFAULT_DISPOSITION` then decides. So at the defaults,
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`discriminator` answers a request well within that time, whatever the request
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and whatever its outside sources do.
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seconds, and `SWRP_DEFAULT_DISPOSITION` then decides. So the longest a question
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waits on an outside source, `SWW_LOOKUP_TIMEOUT`, is by default well within that
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time, whatever the source does.
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GeoJS is the only outside source a question can wait on. A question waits only
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when step 5 says so, and for at most `SWW_LOOKUP_TIMEOUT`, by default 800
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@@ -1313,9 +1318,9 @@ answer.
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For a request it holds, `discriminator` writes the request's last log line (see
|
||||
"The log"). For a request it allowed, it first:
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||||
|
||||
- counts the bytes as `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` says, toward the client's byte limits at
|
||||
the percentages it gave that request;
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||||
- bans a client that passes a byte limit;
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- counts the body bytes `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` names, toward the client's byte limits
|
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at the percentages it gave that request;
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- bans a client whose total passes a byte limit;
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- adds the request with its status to the client's history, the anomaly counters
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and the metrics.
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||||
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+15
-7
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ between the two (see "The image's command" below).
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## Request rate limits, per client
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The request past one of these limits is refused, and the client is banned.
|
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|
||||
- `SWW_RATE_LIMIT_PER_MINUTE` (default `120`, 2 a second): the most requests a
|
||||
client may make in a minute. A count or `off`. The default leaves room for a
|
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person opening two pages at once with an empty cache, up to 60 files each.
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@@ -120,11 +122,16 @@ between the two (see "The image's command" below).
|
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|
||||
## Byte limits, per client
|
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|
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These count body bytes, never headers. A request's bytes are counted once its
|
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response has ended. The request that takes a client's total past a limit is not
|
||||
cut off; the client is banned.
|
||||
|
||||
- `SWW_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_MINUTE` (default `off`), `SWW_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_HOUR`
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||||
(default `50G`) and `SWW_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_DAY` (default `100G`): the most bytes
|
||||
counted for a client in each window. A size or `off`.
|
||||
- `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` (default `both`): which body bytes the byte limits count:
|
||||
`response`, `request` or `both`.
|
||||
(default `50G`) and `SWW_BYTES_LIMIT_PER_DAY` (default `100G`): the most body
|
||||
bytes a client's requests may total in each window. A size or `off`.
|
||||
- `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` (default `both`): which body bytes the byte limits and the
|
||||
anomaly thresholds on bytes count: `response`, the app's response bodies;
|
||||
`request`, the visitors' request bodies; or `both`.
|
||||
|
||||
## Lookup of AS number and country
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -276,9 +283,10 @@ between the two (see "The image's command" below).
|
||||
|
||||
## Anomaly thresholds
|
||||
|
||||
Each scope has four thresholds: the most requests and the most bytes counted in
|
||||
a minute and in an hour. Requests are counts, bytes are sizes. Each is `off` by
|
||||
default. The four thresholds per client are:
|
||||
Each scope has four thresholds: the most requests and the most body bytes
|
||||
counted in a minute and in an hour. The bytes are those `SWW_BYTES_COUNT` names.
|
||||
Requests are counts, bytes are sizes. Each is `off` by default. The four
|
||||
thresholds per client are:
|
||||
|
||||
- `SWW_ANOMALY_CLIENT_REQUESTS_PER_MINUTE`;
|
||||
- `SWW_ANOMALY_CLIENT_REQUESTS_PER_HOUR`;
|
||||
|
||||
+1
-1
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ since it was first seen:
|
||||
- the first and last time seen;
|
||||
- the AS number, AS name and country last looked up, and when;
|
||||
- total requests, and how many were forwarded and how many refused;
|
||||
- bytes in each direction;
|
||||
- body bytes of its requests, and of the responses it was sent;
|
||||
- responses by status class;
|
||||
- offences by kind: `limit`, `attack`, `rule_blocked` and `waf_blocked`. A file
|
||||
may also hold `token_refused`, which is kept, and which nothing adds to.
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in new issue
Block a user