Core Rule Set: random passwords pass on the remaining password fields (closes #288)

Each app's sign-in, sign-up, password change and reset fields that had no
exclusion now skip the 35 rules random passwords set off, on that app's
paths and only when the query has no field of that name. Added gitea,
Vaultwarden's admin token, WordPress pass1/pass2/post_password and its REST
password, Drupal's forms and JSON, MediaWiki retype and password, Mastodon's
challenge, and Nextcloud's confirm, reset, change, share and OCS fields.
Vaultwarden's clients send a hash, which needs no exclusion.

Model: opus-5-5

internal/coreruleset/nextcloud_test.go

@@ -334,6 +334,96 @@ func TestNextcloudPasswordPasses(t *testing.T) {
 	wantPasswordAttacksRefused(t, r, "password")
 }
 
+func TestNextcloudPasswordFieldsPass(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	password := []string{passwordKey}
+
+	wantPasswordFieldsPass(t, []passwordFields{
+		{"/login/confirm", jsonBody, password},
+		{"/index.php/login/confirm", formData, password},
+		{"/lostpassword/set/AbCdEf/alice", jsonBody, password},
+		{
+			"/settings/personal/changepassword", jsonBody,
+			[]string{"oldpassword", "newpassword"},
+		},
+		{
+			"/index.php/settings/users/changepassword", formData,
+			[]string{passwordKey, "recoveryPassword"},
+		},
+		{nextcloudShare + "/authenticate/showShare", formData, password},
+		{nextcloudUsers, jsonBody, password},
+		{"/ocs/v1.php/cloud/users/alice", formData, password},
+		{nextcloudUsers + "/alice", jsonBody, password},
+		{nextcloudShares, jsonBody, password},
+		{nextcloudShares + "/42", formData, password},
+	})
+}
+
+// TestNextcloudUserPasswordInValuePasses sends a password as Nextcloud's
+// provisioning API takes it, as the value of the field the key names.
+func TestNextcloudUserPasswordInValuePasses(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	const threshold = 5 // SWW_WAF_ANOMALY_THRESHOLD's default
+
+	crs := readingBodies(t)
+	target := nextcloudUsers + "/alice"
+
+	form := request{http.MethodPut, target, []string{formData}}
+	jsonRequest := request{http.MethodPut, target, []string{jsonBody}}
+
+	formPassword := func(passwords ...string) string {
+		return "key=password&" + formBody("value", passwords...)
+	}
+	jsonPassword := func(passwords ...string) string {
+		body := passwordBody(t, jsonRequest, []string{"value"}, passwords...)
+
+		return `{"key":"password",` + body[1:]
+	}
+
+	misfiring := misfiringPasswords(t)
+
+	for _, sent := range []struct {
+		r    request
+		body string
+	}{
+		{form, formPassword(misfiring...)},
+		{jsonRequest, jsonPassword(misfiring...)},
+		{form, formPassword("' OR '1'='1", "<img src=x onerror=x()>")},
+		{jsonRequest, jsonPassword("; cat /etc/passwd")},
+	} {
+		if got, _ := inspectBody(t, crs, sent.r, sent.body); got.Score >= threshold {
+			t.Errorf("%s %.40s refused: %+v", sent.r.headers[0], sent.body, got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Any other key keeps every rule, and so does a second key.
+	for _, sent := range []struct {
+		r    request
+		body string
+	}{
+		{form, "key=displayname&value=" + url.QueryEscape("' OR '1'='1")},
+		{form, formPassword(scriptTag)},
+		{form, "key=password&key=displayname&value=" + url.QueryEscape("' OR '1'='1")},
+		{jsonRequest, `{"key":"email","value":"' OR '1'='1"}`},
+	} {
+		if got, _ := inspectBody(t, crs, sent.r, sent.body); got.Score < threshold {
+			t.Errorf("%s %.40s let through: %+v", sent.r.headers[0], sent.body, got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// A value in the query keeps every rule.
+	r := request{
+		http.MethodPut, target + "?value=%27%20OR%20%271%27%3D%271",
+		[]string{formData},
+	}
+
+	if got, _ := inspectBody(t, crs, r, "key=password"); got.Score < threshold {
+		t.Errorf("%s let through: %+v", r.target, got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestNextcloudSentencesPassInTheTexts(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()