build: update golangci-lint to v2.12.2 with canonical config

Add the canonical .golangci.yml (v2 schema, all linters enabled with a
small documented disable list) and pin the Dockerfile lint stage to
golangci/golangci-lint:v2.12.2 by tag and digest, replacing the old
v1.64.8 digest-only pin.

Fix all findings surfaced by the v1 to v2 jump without changing any
exported signatures or behavior:

- add package and exported-symbol doc comments (revive)
- rename unused handler parameters to underscore (revive)
- check or explicitly discard error returns (errcheck, errchkjson)
- wrap errors with %w instead of %v (err113)
- use http.NewRequestWithContext instead of http.Post (noctx)
- replace fmt.Println with fmt.Fprintln(os.Stdout, ...) (forbidigo)
- name magic numbers as constants (mnd)
- add explicit slog.LevelDebug case (exhaustive)
- interface{} to any (modernize)
- move tests to the simplelog_test package (testpackage) and add
  t.Parallel() (paralleltest)
- move NewWebhookHandler above its methods (funcorder)
- whitespace, line-length, and blank-line fixes (wsl_v5, whitespace,
  nlreturn, lll, embeddedstructfieldcheck)
- nolint with justification for the intentional init/global design
  (gochecknoinits, gochecknoglobals) and interface-returning
  constructor (ireturn)

TODO.md

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ files it depends on: .golangci.yml, REPO_POLICIES.md, .editorconfig,
 
 # Completed Steps
 
+* 2026-08-07: added canonical `.golangci.yml` (v2 schema), pinned the
+    `Dockerfile` lint stage to golangci-lint v2.12.2 (tag+digest), and
+    fixed all findings the v1→v2 jump surfaced without changing any
+    exported signatures or behavior
 * 2026-02-08: fixed JSONHandler deadlock from recursive log.Println,
     with regression test; tagged 1.0.1
 * 2024-06-14: 1.0 prep: lint and fmt enforced in Docker build, call