Let a plain docker build pass and stamp the git version (closes #57)

The size tests skip a case whose secret needs more locked memory than
RLIMIT_MEMLOCK allows: memguard panics otherwise, and a plain
`docker build .` runs under an 8 MiB limit. script/cibuild still runs
every case.

The build stage stamps the VERSION build argument, else
`git describe --tags --always`, and fails when .git is present but
yields no version. `make build` stamps `git describe` too instead of
the fixed 0.1.0. .dockerignore keeps .git/config out; script/docker is
now the canonical copy.

Model: opus-5-5

.dockerignore

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+# .git is sent without its config. Without a VERSION build argument the
+# stage that compiles runs `git describe --tags --always` on .git, which
+# does not need .git/config; that file can hold a credential, such as a
+# password in a remote URL or the token the CI checkout step stores there.
+.git/config
+
 # Build artifacts
 secret
 coverage.out