Give each failure one error value (closes #113)

internal/cli's copies of vault.ErrSecretNotFound, ErrVaultNotFound,
ErrVersionNotFound and ErrSecretExists are removed; the commands wrap the
vault errors. Every error of secret.ReadPassphrase wraps
ErrPassphraseNotRead, so its callers no longer add those words.
ResolveGPGKeyFingerprint returns ErrGPGKeyNotFound for a key the keyring
lacks, recognised by gpg's status line. storeInKeychain returns
errNilDataBuffer. bip85's ErrPasswordTooShort and ErrEncodedTooShort go
with their unreachable checks. Tests that matched these errors' text use
errors.Is.

Model: opus-5-5

internal/cli/create_vault_test.go

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ func TestStopAtPassphrasePromptLeavesNothing(t *testing.T) {
 
 			err := tt.run(c)
 
-			require.ErrorContains(t, err, "failed to read passphrase")
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, secret.ErrPassphraseNotRead)
 			require.Equal(t, before, snapshotStateDir(t, tt.fs))
 		})
 	}

internal/cli/crypto.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 var (
 	errNotAgeSecretKey = errors.New(
 		"does not contain a valid age secret key")
-	errSecretDoesNotExist = errors.New("does not exist")
 )
 
 // newCryptoCmd builds an encrypt/decrypt command with input/output flags
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) Decrypt(secretName, inputFile, outputFile string) error {
 	}
 
 	if !exists {
-		return fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w", secretName, errSecretDoesNotExist)
+		return fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w", secretName, vault.ErrSecretNotFound)
 	}
 
 	// Get the age secret key from the secret

internal/cli/errors_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package cli_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/secret/internal/cli"
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/secret/internal/vault"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// TestMissingSecretOrVaultErrors checks that a command that finds no such
+// secret or vault returns the vault package's error for it, as `secret get`
+// does, and leaves the vaults unchanged. "default" is the current vault, and
+// both vaults hold the secret "x".
+func TestMissingSecretOrVaultErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	before := snapshotStateDir(t, newTwoVaultFs(t))
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		command string
+		want    error
+		run     func(c *cli.Instance) error
+	}{
+		{
+			"rm --force nosuch", vault.ErrSecretNotFound,
+			func(c *cli.Instance) error {
+				return c.RemoveSecret(&cobra.Command{}, "nosuch", true)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"version rm --force nosuch", vault.ErrSecretNotFound,
+			func(c *cli.Instance) error {
+				return c.RemoveVersion(&cobra.Command{}, "nosuch", "20260101.001", true)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"mv --force work:nosuch default", vault.ErrSecretNotFound,
+			func(c *cli.Instance) error {
+				return c.MoveSecret(&cobra.Command{}, "work:nosuch", "default", true)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"decrypt nosuch", vault.ErrSecretNotFound,
+			func(c *cli.Instance) error { return c.Decrypt("nosuch", "", "") },
+		},
+		{
+			"vault rm --force nosuch", vault.ErrVaultNotFound,
+			func(c *cli.Instance) error {
+				return c.RemoveVault(&cobra.Command{}, "nosuch", true)
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.command, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			requireRejectedAndUnchanged(t, before, tt.want, tt.run)
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/cli/integration_test.go

@@ -1216,9 +1216,8 @@ func test12bMoveSecret(t *testing.T, testMnemonic string, runSecret func(...stri
 
 	// Test error cases
 	// Try to move non-existent secret
-	output, err = runSecret("move", "test/nonexistent", "test/destination")
-	require.Error(t, err, "move non-existent should fail")
-	assert.Contains(t, output, "not found", "should indicate source not found")
+	_, err = runSecret("move", "test/nonexistent", "test/destination")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, vault.ErrSecretNotFound, "move non-existent should fail")
 
 	// Try to move to existing destination
 	_, err = runSecretWithStdin("dest-value", map[string]string{
@@ -1226,9 +1225,8 @@ func test12bMoveSecret(t *testing.T, testMnemonic string, runSecret func(...stri
 	}, "add", "test/existing-dest")
 	require.NoError(t, err, "add test/existing-dest should succeed")
 
-	output, err = runSecret("move", "test/renamed", "test/existing-dest")
-	require.Error(t, err, "move to existing destination should fail")
-	assert.Contains(t, output, "already exists", "should indicate destination exists")
+	_, err = runSecret("move", "test/renamed", "test/existing-dest")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, vault.ErrSecretExists, "move to existing destination should fail")
 
 	// Verify the source wasn't removed since move failed
 	getOutput, err = runSecretWithEnv(map[string]string{
@@ -1933,12 +1931,11 @@ func test23ErrorHandling(t *testing.T, tempDir, secretPath, testMnemonic string,
 
 	// Import to non-existent vault with test passphrase
 	testPassphrase := "test-passphrase-123" // Define testPassphrase locally
-	output, err := runSecretWithEnv(map[string]string{
+	_, err = runSecretWithEnv(map[string]string{
 		secret.EnvMnemonic:         testMnemonic,
 		secret.EnvUnlockPassphrase: testPassphrase,
 	}, "vault", "import", "nonexistent")
-	require.Error(t, err, "import to non-existent vault should fail")
-	assert.Contains(t, output, "does not exist", "should indicate vault doesn't exist")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, vault.ErrVaultNotFound, "import to non-existent vault should fail")
 
 	// Get specific version that doesn't exist
 	_, err = runSecretWithEnv(map[string]string{
@@ -1947,11 +1944,10 @@ func test23ErrorHandling(t *testing.T, tempDir, secretPath, testMnemonic string,
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, vault.ErrVersionNotFound, "get non-existent version should fail")
 
 	// Promote non-existent version
-	output, err = runSecretWithEnv(map[string]string{
+	_, err = runSecretWithEnv(map[string]string{
 		secret.EnvMnemonic: testMnemonic,
 	}, "version", "promote", "database/password", "99999999.999")
-	require.Error(t, err, "promote non-existent version should fail")
-	assert.Contains(t, output, "not found", "should indicate version not found")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, vault.ErrVersionNotFound, "promote non-existent version should fail")
 }
 
 func test24EnvironmentVariables(t *testing.T, tempDir, secretPath, testMnemonic, testPassphrase string) {

internal/cli/move_test.go

@@ -45,15 +45,6 @@ func TestRejectedMoveWithinVaultLeavesStateUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
 		{`mv --force work:x ""`, workX, "", true, ontoItself},
 		// "work" is a vault name, so the destination is work:x.
 		{"mv --force work:x work", workX, "work", true, ontoItself},
-		{
-			"mv work:nosuch work:y", "work:nosuch", "work:y", false,
-			"secret 'nosuch' not found",
-		},
-		// Only an existing vault is used.
-		{
-			"mv --force nosuch:x nosuch:y", "nosuch:x", "nosuch:y", true,
-			"vault 'nosuch' does not exist",
-		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -70,6 +61,20 @@ func TestRejectedMoveWithinVaultLeavesStateUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 
+	// A missing secret, and a missing vault: only an existing vault is used.
+	for source, want := range map[string]error{
+		"work:nosuch": vault.ErrSecretNotFound,
+		"nosuch:x":    vault.ErrVaultNotFound,
+	} {
+		t.Run("mv --force "+source+" work:y", func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			requireRejectedAndUnchanged(t, before, want, func(c *cli.Instance) error {
+				return c.MoveSecret(&cobra.Command{}, source, "work:y", true)
+			})
+		})
+	}
+
 	// Each of these spells "work" a second way. The spelling is not a valid
 	// vault name, so the move is not taken for a move between two vaults,
 	// which would delete the destination, here the source.

internal/cli/path_traversal_test.go

@@ -297,18 +297,8 @@ func TestInvalidVersionLeavesVaultsUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range commands {
 		for _, version := range []string{"", ".", "..", "../../..", "a/b"} {
 			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s %q", tt.command, version), func(t *testing.T) {
-				fs := newFsFromSnapshot(t, before)
-
-				err := tt.run(cli.NewCLIInstanceWithStateDir(fs, testStateDir), version)
-
-				require.Equal(t, before, snapshotStateDir(t, fs))
-
-				// Compared as text: `version rm` and `version promote` return
-				// internal/cli's own error of this text, which errors.Is does
-				// not match to vault.ErrVersionNotFound.
-				want := fmt.Errorf("version '%s' %w '%s'",
-					version, vault.ErrVersionNotFound, "x")
-				require.EqualError(t, err, want.Error())
+				requireRejectedAndUnchanged(t, before, vault.ErrVersionNotFound,
+					func(c *cli.Instance) error { return tt.run(c, version) })
 			})
 		}
 	}

internal/cli/secrets.go

@@ -35,10 +35,6 @@ var (
 	errSecretTooLarge     = errors.New("secret too large: exceeds 100MB limit")
 	errSecretFileTooLarge = errors.New(
 		"secret file too large: exceeds 100MB limit")
-	errSecretNotFound      = errors.New("not found")
-	errSecretExistsNoForce = errors.New(
-		"already exists (use --force to overwrite)")
-	errVaultDoesNotExist           = errors.New("does not exist")
 	errCrossVaultSourceUnqualified = errors.New(
 		"source must specify vault (e.g., vault:secret) for cross-vault move")
 	errMoveOntoItself = errors.New("cannot be moved onto itself")
@@ -776,7 +772,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) findSecretToRemove(
 
 	if !exists {
 		return secretToRemove{},
-			fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w", secretName, errSecretNotFound)
+			fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w", secretName, vault.ErrSecretNotFound)
 	}
 
 	// A secret without a versions directory has no versions, and can
@@ -907,7 +903,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) existingVault(name string) (*vault.Vault, error) {
 	}
 
 	if !slices.Contains(vaults, name) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("vault '%s' %w", name, errVaultDoesNotExist)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("vault '%s' %w", name, vault.ErrVaultNotFound)
 	}
 
 	return vault.NewVault(cli.fs, cli.stateDir, name), nil
@@ -938,7 +934,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) moveSecretWithinVault(
 	}
 
 	if !exists {
-		return fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w", source, errSecretNotFound)
+		return fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w", source, vault.ErrSecretNotFound)
 	}
 
 	destEncoded := strings.ReplaceAll(dest, "/", "%")
@@ -963,7 +959,8 @@ func (cli *Instance) moveSecretWithinVault(
 
 	if exists {
 		if !force {
-			return fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w", dest, errSecretExistsNoForce)
+			return fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w (use --force to overwrite)",
+				dest, vault.ErrSecretExists)
 		}
 
 		err = secret.RemoveDirAtomic(cli.fs, destDir)
@@ -1028,7 +1025,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) moveSecretCrossVault(
 	exists, err := afero.DirExists(cli.fs, srcSecretDir)
 	if err != nil || !exists {
 		return fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w in vault '%s'",
-			srcSecretName, errSecretNotFound, srcVault.Name)
+			srcSecretName, vault.ErrSecretNotFound, srcVault.Name)
 	}
 
 	// The source is removed after the copy, so a destination that is the

internal/cli/unlockers.go

@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) addPassphraseUnlocker(cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 		// Use secure passphrase input with confirmation
 		passphraseBuffer, err = readSecurePassphrase("Enter passphrase for unlocker: ")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read passphrase: %w", err)
+			return err
 		}
 		defer passphraseBuffer.Destroy()
 	}

internal/cli/unlockers_add_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/secret/internal/secret"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/secret/internal/vault"
 	"github.com/awnumar/memguard"
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ func TestAddPGPUnlockerUnknownKey(t *testing.T) {
 
 	err := instance.addPGPUnlocker(cmd)
 
-	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "failed to resolve GPG key fingerprint")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, secret.ErrGPGKeyNotFound)
 	assertDirEntries(t, base,
 		filepath.Join(testVaultDir(listTestVaultName), listTestUnlockersDirName),
 		listTestUnlockerDirOne)

internal/cli/vault.go

@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) resolvePassphrase() (*memguard.LockedBuffer, func(), error)
 	// Use secure passphrase input with confirmation
 	passphraseBuffer, err := readSecurePassphrase("Enter passphrase for unlocker: ")
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read passphrase: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
 	return passphraseBuffer, passphraseBuffer.Destroy, nil
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) vaultImportPreflight(
 
 	if !exists {
 		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("vault '%s' %w",
-			vaultName, errVaultDoesNotExist)
+			vaultName, vault.ErrVaultNotFound)
 	}
 
 	// Check if vault already has a public key
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) findVaultToRemove(name string) (vaultToRemove, error) {
 
 	if !slices.Contains(vaults, name) {
 		return vaultToRemove{},
-			fmt.Errorf("vault '%s' %w", name, errVaultDoesNotExist)
+			fmt.Errorf("vault '%s' %w", name, vault.ErrVaultNotFound)
 	}
 
 	if len(vaults) == 1 {

internal/cli/version.go

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ const (
 
 // Sentinel errors for version operations
 var (
-	errVersionNotFound            = errors.New("not found for secret")
 	errCannotRemoveCurrentVersion = errors.New("promote another version first")
 )
 
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) ListVersions(cmd *cobra.Command, secretName string) error {
 	if !exists {
 		secret.Debug("Secret not found", "secret_name", secretName)
 
-		return fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w", secretName, errSecretNotFound)
+		return fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w", secretName, vault.ErrSecretNotFound)
 	}
 
 	// List all versions
@@ -289,7 +288,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) PromoteVersion(
 
 	if !exists {
 		return fmt.Errorf("version '%s' %w '%s'",
-			version, errVersionNotFound, secretName)
+			version, vault.ErrVersionNotFound, secretName)
 	}
 
 	// Update the current symlink using the proper function
@@ -374,7 +373,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) findVersionToRemove(
 
 	if !exists {
 		return versionToRemove{},
-			fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w", secretName, errSecretNotFound)
+			fmt.Errorf("secret '%s' %w", secretName, vault.ErrSecretNotFound)
 	}
 
 	// Check if version exists
@@ -386,7 +385,7 @@ func (cli *Instance) findVersionToRemove(
 
 	if !exists {
 		return versionToRemove{}, fmt.Errorf("version '%s' %w '%s'",
-			version, errVersionNotFound, secretName)
+			version, vault.ErrVersionNotFound, secretName)
 	}
 
 	// Get current version

internal/cli/version_test.go

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func TestListVersionsNonExistentSecret(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Try to list versions of non-existent secret
 	err := cli.ListVersions(cmd, "nonexistent/secret")
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, errSecretNotFound)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, vault.ErrSecretNotFound)
 }
 
 func TestPromoteVersionCommand(t *testing.T) {
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ func TestPromoteNonExistentVersion(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Try to promote non-existent version
 	err = cli.PromoteVersion(cmd, "test/secret", "20991231.999")
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, errVersionNotFound)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, vault.ErrVersionNotFound)
 }
 
 func TestGetSecretWithVersion(t *testing.T) {

internal/secret/crypto.go

@@ -166,19 +166,20 @@ func DecryptWithPassphrase(
 
 // ReadPassphrase reads a passphrase securely from the terminal without echoing
 // This version is for unlocking and doesn't require confirmation
-// Returns a LockedBuffer containing the passphrase for secure memory handling
+// Returns a LockedBuffer containing the passphrase for secure memory handling.
+// Every error it returns wraps ErrPassphraseNotRead.
 func ReadPassphrase(prompt string) (*memguard.LockedBuffer, error) {
 	// Check if stdin is a terminal
 	if !term.IsTerminal(syscall.Stdin) {
 		// Not a terminal - never read passphrases from piped input
 		// for security reasons
-		return nil, errStdinNotTerminal
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrPassphraseNotRead, errStdinNotTerminal)
 	}
 
 	// stdin is a terminal, check if stderr is also a terminal for
 	// interactive prompting
 	if !term.IsTerminal(syscall.Stderr) {
-		return nil, errStderrNotTerminal
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrPassphraseNotRead, errStderrNotTerminal)
 	}
 
 	// Both stdin and stderr are terminals - use secure password reading
@@ -186,14 +187,14 @@ func ReadPassphrase(prompt string) (*memguard.LockedBuffer, error) {
 
 	passphrase, err := term.ReadPassword(syscall.Stdin)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read passphrase: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrPassphraseNotRead, err)
 	}
 
 	// Print newline to stderr since ReadPassword doesn't echo
 	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
 
 	if len(passphrase) == 0 {
-		return nil, errEmptyPassphrase
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrPassphraseNotRead, errEmptyPassphrase)
 	}
 
 	// Create a secure buffer and copy the passphrase

internal/secret/keychainunlocker_cgo.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 // storeInKeychain stores data in the macOS keychain using keybase/go-keychain
 func storeInKeychain(itemName string, data *memguard.LockedBuffer) error {
 	if data == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("data buffer is nil")
+		return errNilDataBuffer
 	}
 	if err := validateKeychainItemName(itemName); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid keychain item name: %w", err)

internal/secret/keychainunlocker_test.go

@@ -130,8 +130,7 @@ func TestKeychainNilData(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Test storing nil data
 	err := storeInKeychain("test-item", nil)
-	assert.Error(t, err, "Expected error when storing nil data")
-	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "data buffer is nil")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, errNilDataBuffer)
 }
 
 func TestKeychainLargeData(t *testing.T) {

internal/secret/passphraseunlocker.go

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
 )
 
-// ErrPassphraseNotRead is wrapped in the error of a passphrase unlocker
-// that could not read its passphrase from the terminal, for example because
-// there is none. The unlocker itself was not tried.
+// ErrPassphraseNotRead is wrapped in every error of ReadPassphrase: there
+// is no terminal to read the passphrase from, reading it failed, or it was
+// empty. A passphrase unlocker that fails with it was not tried.
 var ErrPassphraseNotRead = errors.New("failed to read passphrase")
 
 // PassphraseUnlocker represents a passphrase-protected unlocker
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func (p *PassphraseUnlocker) getPassphrase() (*memguard.LockedBuffer, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		Debug("Failed to read passphrase", "error", err, "unlocker_id", p.GetID())
 
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrPassphraseNotRead, err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	return secureBuffer, nil

internal/secret/pgpunlocker.go

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
 )
 
+// gpgNoPublicKeyStatus is the status line gpg writes when it has no key for
+// the ID it was asked to list: 9 is gpg's error code for "No public key".
+const gpgNoPublicKeyStatus = "[GNUPG:] ERROR keylist.getkey 9\n"
+
 var (
 	errGPGKeyIDEmpty    = errors.New("GPG key ID cannot be empty")
 	errInvalidGPGKeyID  = errors.New("invalid GPG key ID format")
@@ -25,6 +29,10 @@ var (
 	errNilDataBuffer    = errors.New("data buffer is nil")
 )
 
+// ErrGPGKeyNotFound is returned by ResolveGPGKeyFingerprint for a key ID
+// that matches no key in the GPG keyring.
+var ErrGPGKeyNotFound = errors.New("GPG key not found")
+
 // Variables to allow overriding in tests
 var (
 	// GPGEncryptFunc is the function used for GPG encryption
@@ -367,14 +375,20 @@ func ResolveGPGKeyFingerprint(keyID string) (string, error) {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid GPG key ID: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Use GPG to get the full fingerprint for the key
+	// Use GPG to get the full fingerprint for the key. --status-fd 1 adds
+	// gpg's status lines to the output.
 	cmd := exec.CommandContext( //nolint:gosec // G204: keyID validated above
 		context.Background(),
-		"gpg", "--list-keys", "--with-colons", "--fingerprint", keyID,
+		"gpg", "--status-fd", "1",
+		"--list-keys", "--with-colons", "--fingerprint", keyID,
 	)
 
 	output, err := cmd.Output()
 	if err != nil {
+		if strings.Contains(string(output), gpgNoPublicKeyStatus) {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrGPGKeyNotFound, keyID)
+		}
+
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve GPG key fingerprint: %w", err)
 	}