RouteWatch

RouteWatch is a real-time BGP routing table monitor that streams BGP UPDATE messages from the RIPE RIS Live service, maintains a live routing table in SQLite, and provides HTTP APIs for querying routing information.

Features

• Real-time streaming of BGP updates from RIPE RIS Live
• Maintains live IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables
• Tracks AS peering relationships
• HTTP API for IP-to-AS lookups, prefix details, and AS information
• Automatic reconnection with exponential backoff
• Batched database writes for high performance
• Backpressure handling to prevent memory exhaustion

Installation

go build -o routewatch ./cmd/routewatch

Usage

# Run the daemon (listens on port 8080 by default)
./routewatch

# Set custom port
PORT=3000 ./routewatch

# Enable debug logging
DEBUG=routewatch ./routewatch

HTTP Endpoints

Web Interface

• GET / - Redirects to /status
• GET /status - HTML status dashboard
• GET /status.json - JSON statistics
• GET /as/{asn} - AS detail page (HTML)
• GET /prefix/{prefix} - Prefix detail page (HTML)
• GET /prefixlength/{length} - IPv4 prefixes by mask length
• GET /prefixlength6/{length} - IPv6 prefixes by mask length
• GET /ip/{ip} - Redirects to prefix containing the IP

API v1

• GET /api/v1/stats - Detailed statistics with handler metrics
• GET /api/v1/ip/{ip} - Look up AS information for an IP address
• GET /api/v1/as/{asn} - Get prefixes announced by an AS
• GET /api/v1/prefix/{prefix} - Get routes for a specific prefix

Code Structure

routewatch/
├── cmd/
│   ├── routewatch/         # Main daemon entry point
│   ├── asinfo-gen/         # Utility to generate AS info data
│   └── streamdumper/       # Debug utility for raw stream output
├── internal/
│   ├── routewatch/         # Core application logic
│   ├── server/             # HTTP server and handlers
│   ├── database/           # SQLite storage layer
│   ├── streamer/           # RIPE RIS Live client
│   ├── ristypes/           # BGP message data structures
│   ├── logger/             # Structured logging wrapper
│   ├── metrics/            # Performance metrics tracking
│   ├── config/             # Configuration management
│   └── templates/          # HTML templates
└── pkg/
    └── asinfo/             # AS information lookup (public API)

Architecture Overview

Component Relationships

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                         RouteWatch                               │
│  (internal/routewatch/app.go - main orchestrator)               │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                  │
│  ┌──────────────┐    ┌──────────────┐    ┌──────────────┐       │
│  │   Streamer   │───▶│   Handlers   │───▶│   Database   │       │
│  │              │    │              │    │              │       │
│  │ RIS Live     │    │ - ASHandler  │    │ SQLite with  │       │
│  │ WebSocket    │    │ - PeerHandler│    │ WAL mode     │       │
│  │ client       │    │ - PrefixHdlr │    │              │       │
│  │              │    │ - PeeringHdlr│    │ Tables:      │       │
│  └──────────────┘    └──────────────┘    │ - asns       │       │
│                                          │ - prefixes   │       │
│  ┌──────────────┐    ┌──────────────┐    │ - live_routes│       │
│  │    Server    │───▶│   Handlers   │───▶│ - peerings   │       │
│  │              │    │              │    │ - bgp_peers  │       │
│  │ Chi router   │    │ Status, API  │    └──────────────┘       │
│  │ port 8080    │    │ AS, Prefix   │                           │
│  └──────────────┘    └──────────────┘                           │
│                                                                  │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Execution Flow

1. Startup (cmd/routewatch/main.go → internal/routewatch/cli.go)

   • Uber fx dependency injection initializes all components
   • Signal handlers registered for graceful shutdown

2. Initialization (internal/routewatch/app.go)

   • Database created with SQLite schema (WAL mode, 3GB cache)
   • Message handlers registered with the streamer
   • HTTP server started on configured port

3. Message Processing Pipeline

   RIS Live Stream → JSON Parser → Message Dispatcher → Handler Queues → Batch Writers → SQLite
   

   • Streamer connects to ris-live.ripe.net via HTTP
   • Parses BGP UPDATE messages from JSON stream
   • Dispatches to registered handlers based on message type
   • Each handler has its own queue with backpressure handling
   • Handlers batch writes for efficiency (25K-30K ops, 1-2s timeout)

4. Handler Details

   • ASHandler: Tracks all ASNs seen in AS paths
   • PeerHandler: Records BGP peer information
   • PrefixHandler: Maintains live routing table (upserts on announcement, deletes on withdrawal)
   • PeeringHandler: Extracts AS peering relationships from AS paths

5. HTTP Request Flow

   Request → Chi Router → Middleware (timeout, logging) → Handler → Database Query → Response
   

Key Design Patterns

• Batched Writes: All database operations are batched for performance
• Backpressure: Probabilistic message dropping when queues exceed 50% capacity
• Graceful Shutdown: 60-second timeout, flushes all pending batches
• Reconnection: Exponential backoff (5s-320s) with reset after 30s of stable connection
• IPv4 Optimization: IP ranges stored as uint32 for O(1) lookups

Database Schema

-- Core tables
asns(id, number, handle, description, first_seen, last_seen)
prefixes_v4(id, prefix, mask_length, first_seen, last_seen)
prefixes_v6(id, prefix, mask_length, first_seen, last_seen)

-- Live routing tables (one per IP version)
live_routes_v4(id, prefix, mask_length, origin_asn, peer_ip, as_path,
               next_hop, last_updated, v4_ip_start, v4_ip_end)
live_routes_v6(id, prefix, mask_length, origin_asn, peer_ip, as_path,
               next_hop, last_updated)

-- Relationship tracking
peerings(id, as_a, as_b, first_seen, last_seen)
bgp_peers(id, peer_ip, peer_asn, last_message_type, last_seen)

Configuration

Configuration is handled via environment variables and OS-specific paths:

Variable	Default	Description
PORT	8080	HTTP server port
DEBUG	(empty)	Set to routewatch for debug logging

State directory (database location):

• macOS: ~/Library/Application Support/routewatch/
• Linux: /var/lib/routewatch/ or ~/.local/share/routewatch/

Development

# Run tests
make test

# Format code
make fmt

# Run linter
make lint

# Build
make

License

See LICENSE file.