internal/database/counts_test.go

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ func TestLiveCountsTrackWritesInRealtime(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// A withdrawal removes one route.
 	if err := db.DeleteLiveRouteBatch([]LiveRouteDeletion{
-		{Prefix: "203.0.113.0/24", OriginASN: 64501, PeerIP: "192.0.2.1", IPVersion: ipVersionV4},
+		{Prefix: "203.0.113.0/24", PeerIP: "192.0.2.1", IPVersion: ipVersionV4},
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("DeleteLiveRouteBatch: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -327,13 +327,11 @@ func announceRoutes(db *Database, batch bool, routes []*LiveRoute) error {
 }
 
 // withdrawRoutes removes routes in one DeleteLiveRouteBatch, or with one
-// DeleteLiveRoute each. It names each route by prefix and peer only, with no
+// DeleteLiveRoute each.
-// origin ASN, as a withdrawal from the feed does when its message carries no AS
-// path.
 func withdrawRoutes(db *Database, batch bool, routes []*LiveRoute) error {
 	if !batch {
 		for _, route := range routes {
-			if err := db.DeleteLiveRoute(route.Prefix, 0, route.PeerIP); err != nil {
+			if err := db.DeleteLiveRoute(route.Prefix, route.PeerIP); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}

internal/database/database.go

@@ -228,21 +228,22 @@ func (d *Database) beginTx() (*loggingTx, error) {
 }
 
 // A live-route upsert is an UPDATE followed, only when no row matched, by an
-// INSERT. The UPDATE's rows-affected count (1 for an existing key, 0 for a new
+// INSERT. A live route is keyed by prefix and peer, so an announcement replaces
-// one) is what lets the in-memory route counters stay exact without a COUNT(*).
+// the peer's route for the prefix whatever its origin AS. The UPDATE's
-// Callers hold the database write lock, so no other writer can insert the same
+// rows-affected count (1 for an existing key, 0 for a new one) is what lets the
-// key between the two statements. The id column is set only on INSERT, so an
+// in-memory route counters stay exact without a COUNT(*). Callers hold the
-// updated route keeps its original id, exactly as the previous ON CONFLICT
+// database write lock, so no other writer can insert the same key between the
-// upsert did.
+// two statements. The id column is set only on INSERT, so an updated route
+// keeps its original id, exactly as the previous ON CONFLICT upsert did.
 const (
-	updateLiveRouteV4SQL = `UPDATE live_routes_v4 SET mask_length = ?, as_path = ?, next_hop = ?,
+	updateLiveRouteV4SQL = `UPDATE live_routes_v4 SET mask_length = ?, origin_asn = ?, as_path = ?,
-		last_updated = ? WHERE prefix = ? AND origin_asn = ? AND peer_ip = ?`
+		next_hop = ?, last_updated = ? WHERE prefix = ? AND peer_ip = ?`
 
 	insertLiveRouteV4SQL = `INSERT INTO live_routes_v4 (id, prefix, mask_length, origin_asn, peer_ip,
 		as_path, next_hop, last_updated) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`
 
-	updateLiveRouteV6SQL = `UPDATE live_routes_v6 SET mask_length = ?, as_path = ?, next_hop = ?,
+	updateLiveRouteV6SQL = `UPDATE live_routes_v6 SET mask_length = ?, origin_asn = ?, as_path = ?,
-		last_updated = ? WHERE prefix = ? AND origin_asn = ? AND peer_ip = ?`
+		next_hop = ?, last_updated = ? WHERE prefix = ? AND peer_ip = ?`
 
 	insertLiveRouteV6SQL = `INSERT INTO live_routes_v6 (id, prefix, mask_length, origin_asn, peer_ip,
 		as_path, next_hop, last_updated) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`
@@ -261,8 +262,8 @@ const (
 // live route for its prefix.
 func upsertRouteRowV4(upd, ins, has *sql.Stmt, route *LiveRoute, pathJSON string) (
 	inserted, newPrefix bool, err error) {
-	res, err := upd.Exec(route.MaskLength, pathJSON, route.NextHop, route.LastUpdated,
+	res, err := upd.Exec(route.MaskLength, route.OriginASN, pathJSON, route.NextHop, route.LastUpdated,
-		route.Prefix, route.OriginASN, route.PeerIP)
+		route.Prefix, route.PeerIP)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, false, err
 	}
@@ -293,8 +294,8 @@ func upsertRouteRowV4(upd, ins, has *sql.Stmt, route *LiveRoute, pathJSON string
 // live route for its prefix.
 func upsertRouteRowV6(upd, ins, has *sql.Stmt, route *LiveRoute, pathJSON string) (
 	inserted, newPrefix bool, err error) {
-	res, err := upd.Exec(route.MaskLength, pathJSON, route.NextHop, route.LastUpdated,
+	res, err := upd.Exec(route.MaskLength, route.OriginASN, pathJSON, route.NextHop, route.LastUpdated,
-		route.Prefix, route.OriginASN, route.PeerIP)
+		route.Prefix, route.PeerIP)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, false, err
 	}
@@ -441,32 +442,18 @@ func (d *Database) DeleteLiveRouteBatch(deletions []LiveRouteDeletion) error {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	// No longer need to separate deletions since we handle them in the loop below
-
 	// Prepare statements for both IPv4 and IPv6 tables
-	stmtV4WithOrigin, err := tx.Prepare(`DELETE FROM live_routes_v4 WHERE prefix = ? AND origin_asn = ? AND peer_ip = ?`)
+	deleteV4, err := tx.Prepare(`DELETE FROM live_routes_v4 WHERE prefix = ? AND peer_ip = ?`)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare IPv4 delete with origin statement: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare IPv4 delete statement: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer func() { _ = stmtV4WithOrigin.Close() }()
+	defer func() { _ = deleteV4.Close() }()
 
-	stmtV4WithoutOrigin, err := tx.Prepare(`DELETE FROM live_routes_v4 WHERE prefix = ? AND peer_ip = ?`)
+	deleteV6, err := tx.Prepare(`DELETE FROM live_routes_v6 WHERE prefix = ? AND peer_ip = ?`)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare IPv4 delete without origin statement: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare IPv6 delete statement: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer func() { _ = stmtV4WithoutOrigin.Close() }()
+	defer func() { _ = deleteV6.Close() }()
-
-	stmtV6WithOrigin, err := tx.Prepare(`DELETE FROM live_routes_v6 WHERE prefix = ? AND origin_asn = ? AND peer_ip = ?`)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare IPv6 delete with origin statement: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer func() { _ = stmtV6WithOrigin.Close() }()
-
-	stmtV6WithoutOrigin, err := tx.Prepare(`DELETE FROM live_routes_v6 WHERE prefix = ? AND peer_ip = ?`)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare IPv6 delete without origin statement: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer func() { _ = stmtV6WithoutOrigin.Close() }()
 
 	hasV4, err := tx.Prepare(prefixHasLiveRouteV4SQL)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -485,38 +472,18 @@ func (d *Database) DeleteLiveRouteBatch(deletions []LiveRouteDeletion) error {
 	// Mask lengths of the prefixes this batch leaves with no live route.
 	var gonePrefixMaskLengthsV4, gonePrefixMaskLengthsV6 []int
 	for _, del := range deletions {
-		var stmt *sql.Stmt
+		stmt := deleteV4
-
+		if del.IPVersion != ipVersionV4 {
-		// Select appropriate statement based on IP version and whether we have origin ASN
+			stmt = deleteV6
-		//nolint:nestif // Clear logic for selecting the right statement
-		if del.IPVersion == ipVersionV4 {
-			if del.OriginASN == 0 {
-				stmt = stmtV4WithoutOrigin
-			} else {
-				stmt = stmtV4WithOrigin
-			}
-		} else {
-			if del.OriginASN == 0 {
-				stmt = stmtV6WithoutOrigin
-			} else {
-				stmt = stmtV6WithOrigin
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Execute deletion
-		var res sql.Result
-		if del.OriginASN == 0 {
-			res, err = stmt.Exec(del.Prefix, del.PeerIP)
-		} else {
-			res, err = stmt.Exec(del.Prefix, del.OriginASN, del.PeerIP)
 		}
 
+		res, err := stmt.Exec(del.Prefix, del.PeerIP)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete route %s: %w", del.Prefix, err)
 		}
 
-		// A deletion with no origin ASN can remove several rows, so use the
+		// The feed often withdraws a route that is not live, which deletes
-		// exact rows-affected count to keep the in-memory route counters right.
+		// nothing, so the in-memory route counters use the rows-affected count.
 		affected, err := res.RowsAffected()
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to count deleted route %s: %w", del.Prefix, err)
@@ -1282,9 +1249,8 @@ func (d *Database) UpsertLiveRoute(route *LiveRoute) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// DeleteLiveRoute deletes a live route
+// DeleteLiveRoute deletes the live route the peer has for the prefix
-// If originASN is 0, deletes all routes for the prefix/peer combination
+func (d *Database) DeleteLiveRoute(prefix, peerIP string) error {
-func (d *Database) DeleteLiveRoute(prefix string, originASN int, peerIP string) error {
 	d.lock("DeleteLiveRoute")
 	defer d.unlock()
 
@@ -1309,22 +1275,12 @@ func (d *Database) DeleteLiveRoute(prefix string, originASN int, peerIP string)
 	}()
 
 	// Literal per-table queries (rather than one formatted with the table name)
-	// so the delete carries no dynamically built SQL. A delete with no origin
+	// so the delete carries no dynamically built SQL.
-	// ASN can remove several rows.
 	var res sql.Result
-	switch {
+	if isV4 {
-	case isV4 && originASN == 0:
 		res, err = tx.Exec(`DELETE FROM live_routes_v4 WHERE prefix = ? AND peer_ip = ?`, prefix, peerIP)
-	case isV4:
+	} else {
-		res, err = tx.Exec(
-			`DELETE FROM live_routes_v4 WHERE prefix = ? AND origin_asn = ? AND peer_ip = ?`,
-			prefix, originASN, peerIP)
-	case originASN == 0:
 		res, err = tx.Exec(`DELETE FROM live_routes_v6 WHERE prefix = ? AND peer_ip = ?`, prefix, peerIP)
-	default:
-		res, err = tx.Exec(
-			`DELETE FROM live_routes_v6 WHERE prefix = ? AND origin_asn = ? AND peer_ip = ?`,
-			prefix, originASN, peerIP)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return err

internal/database/database_test.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/config"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
 )
 
 // tempStoreMemory is the PRAGMA temp_store value meaning "hold temp B-trees in
@@ -122,8 +123,8 @@ func TestGetIPInfoFindsMostSpecificLiveRoute(t *testing.T) {
 	lookup("2001:db9::1", "")
 
 	err = db.DeleteLiveRouteBatch([]LiveRouteDeletion{
-		{Prefix: "10.1.2.0/24", OriginASN: 64502, PeerIP: testPeerIP, IPVersion: ipVersionV4},
+		{Prefix: "10.1.2.0/24", PeerIP: testPeerIP, IPVersion: ipVersionV4},
-		{Prefix: "2001:db8:1:2::/64", OriginASN: 64502, PeerIP: testPeerIP, IPVersion: ipVersionV6},
+		{Prefix: "2001:db8:1:2::/64", PeerIP: testPeerIP, IPVersion: ipVersionV6},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("DeleteLiveRouteBatch: %v", err)
@@ -205,6 +206,40 @@ func TestGetIPInfoIgnoresShortRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 	lookup("2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::/32", 64502)
 }
 
+// TestLiveRouteTablesHoldOneRoutePerPrefixAndPeer checks that each live route
+// table refuses a second route from a peer for a prefix, even with another
+// origin AS. An upsert updates the peer's route before it would insert one, so
+// only an insert straight into the table shows what the table allows.
+func TestLiveRouteTablesHoldOneRoutePerPrefixAndPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := New(&config.Config{StateDir: t.TempDir()}, logger.New())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create database: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = db.Close() }()
+
+	const otherOriginASN = 64501
+	ts := time.Date(2026, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		route     *LiveRoute
+		insertSQL string
+	}{
+		{route: mkV4Route(t, "198.51.100.0/24", 64500, ts), insertSQL: insertLiveRouteV4SQL},
+		{route: mkV6Route("2001:db8::/32", 64500, ts), insertSQL: insertLiveRouteV6SQL},
+	} {
+		if err := db.UpsertLiveRoute(tt.route); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("UpsertLiveRoute(%s): %v", tt.route.Prefix, err)
+		}
+
+		_, err := db.db.Exec(tt.insertSQL, uuid.NewString(), tt.route.Prefix, tt.route.MaskLength,
+			otherOriginASN, tt.route.PeerIP, "[]", tt.route.NextHop, ts)
+		var sqliteErr sqlite3.Error
+		if !errors.As(err, &sqliteErr) || sqliteErr.ExtendedCode != sqlite3.ErrConstraintUnique {
+			t.Errorf("second route from peer %s for %s: error %v, want a UNIQUE constraint error",
+				tt.route.PeerIP, tt.route.Prefix, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // TestConnectionPoolPragmas holds several pooled connections open at once and
 // checks each one carries the per-connection settings from the DSN, plus the
 // process-wide hard heap limit, and sees the new file with auto_vacuum
@@ -306,7 +341,6 @@ func TestVacuumReturnsFreePages(t *testing.T) {
 		routes = append(routes, route)
 		deletions = append(deletions, LiveRouteDeletion{
 			Prefix:    route.Prefix,
-			OriginASN: asn,
 			PeerIP:    route.PeerIP,
 			IPVersion: ipVersionV4,
 		})

internal/database/interface.go

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ type Store interface {
 	// Live route operations
 	UpsertLiveRoute(route *LiveRoute) error
 	UpsertLiveRouteBatch(routes []*LiveRoute) error
-	DeleteLiveRoute(prefix string, originASN int, peerIP string) error
+	DeleteLiveRoute(prefix, peerIP string) error
 	DeleteLiveRouteBatch(deletions []LiveRouteDeletion) error
 	GetPrefixDistribution() (ipv4 []PrefixDistribution, ipv6 []PrefixDistribution, err error)
 	GetPrefixDistributionContext(ctx context.Context) (ipv4 []PrefixDistribution, ipv6 []PrefixDistribution, err error)

internal/database/models.go

@@ -114,7 +114,6 @@ type IPInfo struct {
 // LiveRouteDeletion represents parameters for deleting a live route
 type LiveRouteDeletion struct {
 	Prefix    string
-	OriginASN int
 	PeerIP    string
 	IPVersion int
 }

internal/database/schema.sql

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS live_routes_v4 (
 	as_path TEXT NOT NULL, -- JSON array
 	next_hop TEXT NOT NULL,
 	last_updated DATETIME NOT NULL,
-	UNIQUE(prefix, origin_asn, peer_ip)
+	UNIQUE(prefix, peer_ip) -- a peer has at most one route for a prefix
 );
 
 -- IPv6 routing table maintained by PrefixHandler
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS live_routes_v6 (
 	as_path TEXT NOT NULL, -- JSON array
 	next_hop TEXT NOT NULL,
 	last_updated DATETIME NOT NULL,
-	UNIQUE(prefix, origin_asn, peer_ip)
+	UNIQUE(prefix, peer_ip) -- a peer has at most one route for a prefix
 );
 
 -- Indexes for live_routes_v4 table

internal/routewatch/app_integration_test.go

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func (m *mockStore) UpsertLiveRoute(route *database.LiveRoute) error {
 }
 
 // DeleteLiveRoute mock implementation
-func (m *mockStore) DeleteLiveRoute(prefix string, originASN int, peerIP string) error {
+func (m *mockStore) DeleteLiveRoute(prefix, peerIP string) error {
 	// Simple mock - just return nil
 	return nil
 }

internal/routewatch/prefixhandler.go

@@ -108,14 +108,14 @@ func (h *PrefixHandler) HandleMessage(msg *ristypes.RISMessage) {
 	// Withdrawals are queued before announcements, because the batch keeps
 	// each peer's last update for a prefix: a message that lists a prefix as
 	// both withdrawn and announced keeps the route (RFC 4271 section 4.3).
+	// A withdrawal names only the prefix and peer: the message's AS path, and
+	// so its origin AS, belongs to the announced prefixes.
 	for _, prefix := range msg.Withdrawals {
 		h.batch = append(h.batch, prefixUpdate{
 			prefix:      canonicalPrefix(prefix),
-			originASN:   originASN, // Use the originASN from path if available
 			peer:        msg.Peer,
 			messageType: "withdrawal",
 			timestamp:   timestamp,
-			path:        msg.Path,
 		})
 		// Record withdrawal in metrics
 		if h.metrics != nil {
@@ -221,7 +221,6 @@ func (h *PrefixHandler) flushBatchLocked() {
 			// Create deletion record for batch delete
 			routesToDelete = append(routesToDelete, database.LiveRouteDeletion{
 				Prefix:    update.prefix,
-				OriginASN: update.originASN,
 				PeerIP:    update.peer,
 				IPVersion: ipVersion,
 			})
@@ -425,51 +424,24 @@ func (h *PrefixHandler) processAnnouncementDirect(update prefixUpdate) {
 // processWithdrawalDirect handles removing a route directly without prefix table
 // nolint:unused // kept for potential future use
 func (h *PrefixHandler) processWithdrawalDirect(update prefixUpdate) {
-	// For withdrawals, we need to delete the route from live_routes
+	if err := h.db.DeleteLiveRoute(update.prefix, update.peer); err != nil {
-	if update.originASN > 0 {
+		h.logger.Error("Failed to delete live route",
-		if err := h.db.DeleteLiveRoute(update.prefix, update.originASN, update.peer); err != nil {
+			"prefix", update.prefix,
-			h.logger.Error("Failed to delete live route",
+			"peer", update.peer,
-				"prefix", update.prefix,
+			"error", err,
-				"origin_asn", update.originASN,
+		)
-				"peer", update.peer,
-				"error", err,
-			)
-		}
-	} else {
-		// If no origin ASN, just delete all routes for this prefix from this peer
-		if err := h.db.DeleteLiveRoute(update.prefix, 0, update.peer); err != nil {
-			h.logger.Error("Failed to delete live route (no origin ASN)",
-				"prefix", update.prefix,
-				"peer", update.peer,
-				"error", err,
-			)
-		}
 	}
 }
 
 // processWithdrawal handles removing a route from the live routing table
 // nolint:unused // kept for potential future use
 func (h *PrefixHandler) processWithdrawal(_ *database.Prefix, update prefixUpdate) {
-	// For withdrawals, we need to delete the route from live_routes
+	if err := h.db.DeleteLiveRoute(update.prefix, update.peer); err != nil {
-	// Since we have the origin ASN from the update, we can delete the specific route
+		h.logger.Error("Failed to delete live route",
-	if update.originASN > 0 {
+			"prefix", update.prefix,
-		if err := h.db.DeleteLiveRoute(update.prefix, update.originASN, update.peer); err != nil {
+			"peer", update.peer,
-			h.logger.Error("Failed to delete live route",
+			"error", err,
-				"prefix", update.prefix,
+		)
-				"origin_asn", update.originASN,
-				"peer", update.peer,
-				"error", err,
-			)
-		}
-	} else {
-		// If no origin ASN, just delete all routes for this prefix from this peer
-		if err := h.db.DeleteLiveRoute(update.prefix, 0, update.peer); err != nil {
-			h.logger.Error("Failed to delete live route (no origin ASN)",
-				"prefix", update.prefix,
-				"peer", update.peer,
-				"error", err,
-			)
-		}
 	}
 }
 

internal/routewatch/prefixhandler_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package routewatch
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"slices"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -182,32 +183,155 @@ func TestPrefixHandlerAppliesEachPeersLastUpdateInABatch(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Errorf("peers with a live route for %s = %v, want %v", prefix, gotPeers, tt.wantPeers)
 			}
 
-			stats, err := db.GetStatsContext(ctx)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("GetStatsContext: %v", err)
-			}
-			tableRoutesV4, _, err := db.GetLiveRouteCountsContext(ctx)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("GetLiveRouteCountsContext: %v", err)
-			}
-			if stats.IPv4Routes != len(tt.wantPeers) || tableRoutesV4 != len(tt.wantPeers) {
-				t.Errorf("IPv4 live routes: %d in memory, %d in the table, want %d",
-					stats.IPv4Routes, tableRoutesV4, len(tt.wantPeers))
-			}
-
 			var wantDistribution []database.PrefixDistribution
 			if len(tt.wantPeers) > 0 {
 				wantDistribution = []database.PrefixDistribution{{MaskLength: prefixMaskLength, Count: 1}}
 			}
-			queryDistributionV4, _, err := db.GetPrefixDistributionContext(ctx)
+			assertCounts(t, db, ipv4Version, len(tt.wantPeers), wantDistribution)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("GetPrefixDistributionContext: %v", err)
-			}
-			if !slices.Equal(stats.IPv4PrefixDistribution, wantDistribution) ||
-				!slices.Equal(queryDistributionV4, wantDistribution) {
-				t.Errorf("IPv4 prefix distribution: %v in memory, %v from the table, want %v",
-					stats.IPv4PrefixDistribution, queryDistributionV4, wantDistribution)
-			}
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// TestPrefixHandlerKeepsOneRoutePerPrefixAndPeer runs updates from one peer
+// through the prefix handler into a real database, flushing each message as its
+// own batch, once with IPv4 prefixes and once with IPv6 prefixes. A peer has at
+// most one route for a prefix: a later announcement replaces it whatever its
+// origin AS, and a withdrawal removes it whatever AS the message's AS path ends
+// in. The in-memory route count and prefix distribution must match the route
+// table.
+func TestPrefixHandlerKeepsOneRoutePerPrefixAndPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	families := []struct {
+		ipVersion           int
+		prefix, otherPrefix string
+		// The mask length of both prefixes.
+		maskLength int
+	}{
+		{ipVersion: ipv4Version, prefix: "198.51.100.0/24", otherPrefix: "203.0.113.0/24", maskLength: 24},
+		{ipVersion: ipv6Version, prefix: "2001:db8:1::/48", otherPrefix: "2001:db8:2::/48", maskLength: 48},
+	}
+
+	ts := time.Date(2026, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)
+	announce := func(path ristypes.ASPath, announced string) *ristypes.RISMessage {
+		return &ristypes.RISMessage{
+			Peer:            testPeerIP,
+			Path:            path,
+			ParsedTimestamp: ts,
+			Announcements:   []ristypes.RISAnnouncement{{NextHop: testPeerIP, Prefixes: []string{announced}}},
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, family := range families {
+		prefix, otherPrefix := family.prefix, family.otherPrefix
+
+		// One message that announces otherPrefix with origin AS testASNB and
+		// withdraws prefix.
+		announceOtherAndWithdraw := announce(ristypes.ASPath{testASNA, testASNB}, otherPrefix)
+		announceOtherAndWithdraw.Withdrawals = []string{prefix}
+
+		tests := []struct {
+			name     string
+			messages []*ristypes.RISMessage
+			// The origin AS of the peer's live route for each prefix. A prefix
+			// left out must have no live route.
+			wantOrigins map[string]int
+		}{
+			{
+				name: "the peer announces the prefix with a new origin AS",
+				messages: []*ristypes.RISMessage{
+					announce(ristypes.ASPath{testASNA}, prefix),
+					announce(ristypes.ASPath{testASNA, testASNB}, prefix),
+				},
+				wantOrigins: map[string]int{prefix: testASNB},
+			},
+			{
+				name: "one message announces a prefix with another origin AS and withdraws the prefix",
+				messages: []*ristypes.RISMessage{
+					announce(ristypes.ASPath{testASNA}, prefix),
+					announceOtherAndWithdraw,
+				},
+				wantOrigins: map[string]int{otherPrefix: testASNB},
+			},
+		}
+
+		for _, tt := range tests {
+			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("IPv%d %s", family.ipVersion, tt.name), func(t *testing.T) {
+				db, err := database.New(&config.Config{StateDir: t.TempDir()}, logger.New())
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("failed to create database: %v", err)
+				}
+				defer func() { _ = db.Close() }()
+
+				// Built without NewPrefixHandler's flush timer, so the test flushes itself.
+				h := &PrefixHandler{db: db, logger: logger.New()}
+				for _, msg := range tt.messages {
+					h.HandleMessage(msg)
+					h.mu.Lock()
+					h.flushBatchLocked()
+					h.mu.Unlock()
+				}
+
+				for _, p := range []string{prefix, otherPrefix} {
+					routes, _, err := db.GetPrefixDetailsContext(context.Background(), p)
+					if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, database.ErrNoRoute) {
+						t.Fatalf("GetPrefixDetailsContext(%s): %v", p, err)
+					}
+					var gotOrigins []int
+					for _, route := range routes {
+						gotOrigins = append(gotOrigins, route.OriginASN)
+					}
+					var wantOrigins []int
+					if origin, ok := tt.wantOrigins[p]; ok {
+						wantOrigins = []int{origin}
+					}
+					if !slices.Equal(gotOrigins, wantOrigins) {
+						t.Errorf("origin ASes of the live routes for %s = %v, want %v", p, gotOrigins, wantOrigins)
+					}
+				}
+
+				wantDistribution := []database.PrefixDistribution{
+					{MaskLength: family.maskLength, Count: len(tt.wantOrigins)},
+				}
+				assertCounts(t, db, family.ipVersion, len(tt.wantOrigins), wantDistribution)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// assertCounts checks that the live route count and prefix distribution of one
+// IP version are wantRoutes and wantDistribution, both as held in memory and as
+// read from the route table.
+func assertCounts(t *testing.T, db *database.Database, ipVersion, wantRoutes int,
+	wantDistribution []database.PrefixDistribution) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	stats, err := db.GetStatsContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GetStatsContext: %v", err)
+	}
+	tableRoutesV4, tableRoutesV6, err := db.GetLiveRouteCountsContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GetLiveRouteCountsContext: %v", err)
+	}
+	queryDistributionV4, queryDistributionV6, err := db.GetPrefixDistributionContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GetPrefixDistributionContext: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	memoryRoutes, tableRoutes := stats.IPv4Routes, tableRoutesV4
+	memoryDistribution, queryDistribution := stats.IPv4PrefixDistribution, queryDistributionV4
+	if ipVersion == ipv6Version {
+		memoryRoutes, tableRoutes = stats.IPv6Routes, tableRoutesV6
+		memoryDistribution, queryDistribution = stats.IPv6PrefixDistribution, queryDistributionV6
+	}
+
+	if memoryRoutes != wantRoutes || tableRoutes != wantRoutes {
+		t.Errorf("IPv%d live routes: %d in memory, %d in the table, want %d",
+			ipVersion, memoryRoutes, tableRoutes, wantRoutes)
+	}
+	if !slices.Equal(memoryDistribution, wantDistribution) ||
+		!slices.Equal(queryDistribution, wantDistribution) {
+		t.Errorf("IPv%d prefix distribution: %v in memory, %v from the table, want %v",
+			ipVersion, memoryDistribution, queryDistribution, wantDistribution)
+	}
+}