Make the tests pass on a busy host (closes #240)

Tests that waited a few seconds for something to happen now wait 15 seconds.
The wait ends as soon as the condition holds, so a passing run takes no longer.

TestStreamNotDroppedWhileLinesArrive, the reconnect tests, the tests whose
requests pass a 2- or 4-second limit in the server, and
TestStreamDurationsCountSeconds run on a fake clock, so a stall on the host
cannot change their result. The reconnect tests also use a fake transport, so
a stall cannot reorder their requests.

The checkpoint tests give the writing connection a 30-second busy timeout, so
their limit can be 15 seconds and a checkpoint that waits for a read still
fails them.

Model: opus-5-5

README.md

@@ -44,8 +44,7 @@ its abuse contact. RouteWatch keeps them in its database and fetches them again
 once they are 30 days old. An IP lookup answers from the stored details and
 never waits for WHOIS.
 
-An IP lookup also says which public blocklists list the address (see
+An IP lookup also says which public IP lists hold the address (see IP lists).
-Blocklists).
 
 ## Getting started
 
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ docker run --memory=5g --memory-swap=5g -p 8080:8080 \
 ```
 
 The memory limit is explained in Memory. The volume holds the database and the
-copies of the blocklists.
+copies of the IP lists.
 
 To run the binary on the host instead, build it with `make build`. The build
 needs Go and a C compiler, because the SQLite library is written in C:
@@ -284,8 +283,16 @@ address. Every entry has the same fields:
 - `ip`: the address
 - `ptr`: the address's PTR names, the host names that DNS gives for it, or an
   empty list when it has none
-- `blocklists`: the public blocklists the address is on (see Blocklists), or an
+- `flags`: yes-or-no facts about the address:
-  empty list when it is on none
+    - `is_tor`: true when the address is on the `tor_exits` list
+    - `is_vpn`: true when the address is on any list of VPN servers (see IP
+      lists)
+    - `is_bogon`: true when the address is reserved, so that no network should
+      announce it on the internet
+- `vpn_providers`: the names of the lists of VPN servers the address is on, or
+  an empty list when it is on none
+- `ip_lists`: the public IP lists the address is on (see IP lists), or an empty
+  list when it is on none
 
 Every other field is about the prefix in the routing table that holds the
 address. Each is null when no prefix in the routing table holds the address:
@@ -331,7 +338,7 @@ Each PTR lookup gets 2 seconds. An address whose lookup takes longer is answered
 without PTR names.
 
 A successful answer carries `Cache-Control` with a `max-age` of 15 minutes, the
-shortest blocklist interval. The answer for the caller's own address (`/ip/`) is
+shortest IP list interval. The answer for the caller's own address (`/ip/`) is
 `private`, and the others are `public`.
 
 ### Errors
@@ -391,10 +398,10 @@ inline `<style>` and `<script>` blocks. Each answer's policy names a random
 value, a nonce, made for that answer. The browser applies or runs only the
 blocks that carry it.
 
-## Blocklists
+## IP lists
 
-An IP lookup reports which public blocklists list each address. Each entry in
+An IP lookup reports which public IP lists hold each address. Each entry in
-`blocklists` has:
+`ip_lists` has:
 
 - `name`: the list's name, from the lists below
 - `description`: what being on the list means
@@ -417,13 +424,27 @@ The lists:
   last 30 days. From
   [FireHOL](https://iplists.firehol.org/?ipset=firehol_level3), downloaded every
   3 hours.
+- `ivpn`: VPN servers run by IVPN. From
+  [IVPN](https://api.ivpn.net/v5/servers.json), downloaded once a day.
+- `mullvad`: VPN servers run by Mullvad. From
+  [Mullvad](https://api.mullvad.net/www/relays/all/), downloaded once a day.
+- `nordvpn`: VPN servers run by NordVPN. From
+  [NordVPN](https://api.nordvpn.com/v1/servers?limit=0&fields[servers.station]&fields[servers.ipv6_station]&fields[servers.hostname]),
+  downloaded once a day.
+- `pia`: VPN servers run by Private Internet Access. From
+  [Private Internet Access](https://serverlist.piaservers.net/vpninfo/servers/v6),
+  downloaded once a day.
 - `spamhaus_drop` and `spamhaus_dropv6`: IPv4 and IPv6 networks hijacked or
   leased by spammers or cyber criminals, according to Spamhaus. From
   [Spamhaus DROP](https://www.spamhaus.org/blocklists/do-not-route-or-peer/),
   downloaded once a day.
-- `tor_exits`: Tor exit nodes, where traffic from the Tor network leaves. From
+- `tor_exits`: the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of Tor exit nodes, where traffic from
-  the [Tor Project](https://check.torproject.org/torbulkexitlist), downloaded
+  the Tor network leaves. From the Tor Project's
+  [Onionoo](https://metrics.torproject.org/onionoo.html) service, downloaded
   every hour.
+- `x4bnet` and `x4bnet_v6`: IPv4 and IPv6 networks of VPN services, according to
+  a community list that names no service. From
+  [X4BNet](https://github.com/X4BNet/lists_vpn), downloaded once a day.
 
 No list is downloaded more often than its publisher updates it or allows. Each
 can be downloaded whole without an account or a key.
@@ -431,8 +452,8 @@ can be downloaded whole without an account or a key.
 How RouteWatch keeps the lists:
 
 - It holds each list in memory, so a lookup makes no outside request.
-- It keeps a copy of each list in the `blocklists` directory of the state
+- It keeps a copy of each list in the `iplists` directory of the state directory
-  directory (see Configuration). Each copy is a file named after its list.
+  (see Configuration). Each copy is a file named after its list.
 - Beside each copy, a file ending in `.validators` keeps the `Last-Modified` and
   `ETag` headers the publisher sent with that copy.
 - At startup it loads each list from its copy. It downloads a list at once when
@@ -440,7 +461,7 @@ How RouteWatch keeps the lists:
 - A download sends the copy's `Last-Modified` as `If-Modified-Since` and its
   `ETag` as `If-None-Match`. The publisher then sends the list only when it has
   changed.
-- A download fails when it takes over a minute or its file is over 16 MiB.
+- A download fails when it takes over a minute or its file is over 200 MiB.
 - When a download fails, or its file does not parse, RouteWatch keeps the
   previous copy and logs the failure. It tries again one interval later.
 
@@ -492,7 +513,7 @@ by the client. For a request from any other address, they use the address the
 request came from, whatever headers it carries. `X-Real-IP` and `True-Client-IP`
 are not read.
 
-The state directory holds the database, `db.sqlite`, and the blocklist copies:
+The state directory holds the database, `db.sqlite`, and the IP list copies:
 
 - macOS: `~/Library/Application Support/berlin.sneak.app.routewatch/`
 - Linux and the BSDs, as root: `/var/lib/berlin.sneak.app.routewatch/`
@@ -647,7 +668,7 @@ The parts:
   wait starts at 15 seconds. It halves after a success, down to 1 second, and
   grows by half after a failure, up to a minute. An IP lookup that finds an AS
   with old or missing details asks the fetcher for it at once, without the wait.
-- The blocklists part downloads the blocklists and answers which lists hold an
+- The IP lists part downloads the IP lists and answers which lists hold an
   address.
 - The database maintainer checkpoints the database every 5 seconds: it folds the
   write-ahead log, where SQLite first writes changes, into the database file. It
@@ -756,7 +777,7 @@ On `SIGTERM` or `SIGINT` the daemon stops its parts in this order:
 2. the handlers, each of which writes what it holds
 3. the WHOIS fetcher
 4. the database maintainer
-5. the blocklist downloads
+5. the IP list downloads
 6. the HTTP server
 
 Last, the daemon checkpoints and closes the database. It gives all this 8
@@ -790,10 +811,10 @@ routewatch/
 ├── docs/
 │   └── message-examples.json  # Examples of RIS Live messages
 ├── internal/
-│   ├── blocklist/          # Public IP blocklists: downloads and lookups
 │   ├── bogon/              # Reserved prefixes and AS numbers
 │   ├── config/             # Settings from the environment
 │   ├── database/           # SQLite storage
+│   ├── iplist/             # Public IP lists: downloads and lookups
 │   ├── logger/             # Structured logging
 │   ├── metrics/            # Feed and route update figures
 │   ├── ristypes/           # The RIS Live message types

TODO.md

@@ -41,9 +41,6 @@ https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/225, also on `next`, takes the peers
 whose sessions go down together out of the table in one walk. A 24-hour run of
 `9bd0e91` on the live feed is checking whether any handler still drops updates.
 
-One question waits for sneak: which fields the IP lookup answer gains
-(https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/203).
-
 The order of the project's remaining work is kept on
 https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/86.
 
@@ -56,6 +53,21 @@ problem the run finds.
 
 # Completed Steps
 
+- 2026-11-10: the tests no longer fail when a busy host stalls for several
+  seconds. Most such waits are now 15 seconds. The test of the stream's idle
+  timeout runs on a fake clock (closes #240)
+- 2026-11-10: the IP lookup checks the public VPN server lists of Mullvad,
+  NordVPN, Private Internet Access and IVPN, and X4BNet's community list. Each
+  result has `flags.is_vpn` and `vpn_providers` (closes
+  https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/235).
+- 2026-11-10: `tor_exits` comes from Onionoo, so it holds IPv6 exits and
+  `is_tor` is true for them (closes
+  https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/234).
+- 2026-11-10: each result of the IP lookup has a `flags` object with `is_tor`
+  and `is_bogon`. The public IP lists are named `ip_lists` in the answer,
+  `internal/iplist` in the code and `iplists` in the state directory. A list
+  file may be up to 200 MiB (closes
+  https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/233).
 - 2026-11-05: the prefix page lists the prefix's origin changes, newest first.
   The routing table records each change, and the prefix handler writes them to a
   new `origin_changes` table. The database maintainer prunes each prefix to its

cmd/asinfo-gen/main_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 // parseTimeLimit is how long a test waits for parseCSV to return before it
 // fails.
-const parseTimeLimit = 2 * time.Second
+const parseTimeLimit = 15 * time.Second
 
 // TestParseCSVReadsTodaysLayout parses an as.csv with the country code column
 // that the source added after the description. It expects each AS with its

internal/blocklist/blocklist_internal_test.go

@@ -1,494 +0,0 @@
-package blocklist
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"io/fs"
-	"log/slog"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// The test list's name and description, the address its good version lists,
-// and the address a newer version lists instead.
-const (
-	testListName        = "test_list"
-	testListDescription = "On the test list"
-	listedAddr          = "192.0.2.1"
-	goodListBody        = "# A test list\n" + listedAddr + "\n"
-	newListedAddr       = "192.0.2.2"
-	newListBody         = "# A test list\n" + newListedAddr + "\n"
-)
-
-// testETag is the ETag a publisher sends with a version of the test list.
-const testETag = `"v1"`
-
-// maxWait is how long a test waits for the download goroutine.
-const maxWait = 10 * time.Second
-
-// publisher stands in for a list's publisher. It answers every request with
-// its status and body, and keeps the headers of each request. A 200 answer
-// carries lastModified and etag, when set, as Last-Modified and ETag. As
-// from a real publisher, a request whose If-None-Match or If-Modified-Since
-// matches them is answered "not modified".
-type publisher struct {
-	mu           sync.Mutex
-	status       int
-	body         string
-	lastModified time.Time
-	etag         string
-	headers      []http.Header
-}
-
-// newPublisher starts a publisher that answers 200 with body, and returns it
-// and its URL.
-func newPublisher(t *testing.T, body string) (*publisher, string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	p := &publisher{status: http.StatusOK, body: body}
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(p)
-	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
-
-	return p, srv.URL
-}
-
-func (p *publisher) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	p.mu.Lock()
-	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-
-	p.headers = append(p.headers, r.Header.Clone())
-
-	if p.status != http.StatusOK {
-		w.WriteHeader(p.status)
-		_, _ = io.WriteString(w, p.body)
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	if p.etag != "" {
-		w.Header().Set(etagHeader, p.etag)
-	}
-
-	// ServeContent sends Last-Modified unless lastModified is zero, and
-	// answers "not modified" when the request's conditions match.
-	http.ServeContent(w, r, testListName, p.lastModified,
-		strings.NewReader(p.body))
-}
-
-// answer makes the publisher answer later requests with status and body.
-func (p *publisher) answer(status int, body string) {
-	p.mu.Lock()
-	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-
-	p.status, p.body = status, body
-}
-
-// publish makes the publisher answer later requests with a version of the
-// list: body, with lastModified and etag. A zero lastModified or an empty
-// etag is not sent.
-func (p *publisher) publish(body string, lastModified time.Time, etag string) {
-	p.mu.Lock()
-	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-
-	p.status, p.body = http.StatusOK, body
-	p.lastModified, p.etag = lastModified, etag
-}
-
-// requests returns the headers of the requests the publisher has had.
-func (p *publisher) requests() []http.Header {
-	p.mu.Lock()
-	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-
-	return append([]http.Header(nil), p.headers...)
-}
-
-// testList returns a list served at url, written in format.
-func testList(url string, format Format) List {
-	return List{
-		Name:        testListName,
-		Description: testListDescription,
-		URL:         url,
-		Interval:    time.Hour,
-		Format:      format,
-	}
-}
-
-func newTestBlocklists(dir string, list List) *Blocklists {
-	return New(Params{
-		Dir:    dir,
-		Lists:  []List{list},
-		Logger: slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler),
-	})
-}
-
-// lookup looks addr up in b.
-func lookup(t *testing.T, b *Blocklists, addr string) []Listing {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	return b.Lookup(netip.MustParseAddr(addr))
-}
-
-// TestLookupFindsListedAddresses downloads a list in each format and looks
-// up addresses on it, inside its networks, and off it, in IPv4 and IPv6.
-// A listed address has one listing that names the list; any other has an
-// empty list of listings.
-func TestLookupFindsListedAddresses(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		format   Format
-		body     string
-		listed   []string
-		unlisted []string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "single addresses",
-			format:   FormatLines,
-			body:     "# comment\n192.0.2.1\n\n2001:db8::1\n",
-			listed:   []string{"192.0.2.1", "::ffff:192.0.2.1", "2001:db8::1"},
-			unlisted: []string{"192.0.2.2", "2001:db8::2"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "networks",
-			format:   FormatLines,
-			body:     "# comment\n198.51.100.0/24\n2001:db8:1::/48\n",
-			listed:   []string{"198.51.100.0", "198.51.100.255", "2001:db8:1::5"},
-			unlisted: []string{"198.51.101.0", "2001:db8:2::1"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "Spamhaus networks",
-			format: FormatSpamhausJSON,
-			body: `{"cidr":"203.0.113.0/25","sblid":"SBL1","rir":"arin"}` + "\n" +
-				`{"cidr":"2001:db8:3::/48","sblid":"SBL2","rir":"ripencc"}` + "\n" +
-				`{"type":"metadata","timestamp":1793074442,"records":2}` + "\n",
-			listed:   []string{"203.0.113.1", "2001:db8:3::1"},
-			unlisted: []string{"203.0.113.200", "2001:db8:4::1"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "DShield networks",
-			format: FormatDShield,
-			body: "#   DShield.org Recommended Block List\n" +
-				"192.0.2.0\t192.0.2.255\t24\t327\tEXAMPLE\tUS\tNone\n",
-			listed:   []string{"192.0.2.0", "192.0.2.77"},
-			unlisted: []string{"192.0.3.1", "2001:db8::1"},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			_, url := newPublisher(t, tt.body)
-			b := newTestBlocklists(t.TempDir(), testList(url, tt.format))
-
-			err := b.download(t.Context(), b.lists[0])
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("download: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			for _, addr := range tt.listed {
-				listings := lookup(t, b, addr)
-				if len(listings) != 1 || listings[0].Name != testListName ||
-					listings[0].Description != testListDescription ||
-					listings[0].Updated.IsZero() {
-					t.Errorf("%s: listings %+v, want one for %s", addr,
-						listings, testListName)
-				}
-			}
-
-			for _, addr := range tt.unlisted {
-				listings := lookup(t, b, addr)
-				if listings == nil || len(listings) != 0 {
-					t.Errorf("%s: listings %#v, want an empty list", addr, listings)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestFailedDownloadKeepsThePreviousCopy downloads a good version of a list,
-// then one that fails. The good copy stays in memory and on disk, and no
-// part of the failed download is left beside it.
-func TestFailedDownloadKeepsThePreviousCopy(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		status int
-		body   string
-	}{
-		{"server error", http.StatusInternalServerError, "unavailable"},
-		{"not a list", http.StatusOK, "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html></html>\n"},
-		{
-			"over the size limit", http.StatusOK,
-			strings.Repeat(listedAddr+"\n", maxDownloadSize/len(listedAddr)),
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			dir := t.TempDir()
-			p, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
-			b := newTestBlocklists(dir, testList(url, FormatLines))
-
-			err := b.download(t.Context(), b.lists[0])
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("first download: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			before := lookup(t, b, listedAddr)
-
-			p.answer(tt.status, tt.body)
-
-			err = b.download(t.Context(), b.lists[0])
-			if err == nil {
-				t.Fatal("second download returned no error")
-			}
-
-			after := lookup(t, b, listedAddr)
-			if len(after) != 1 || len(before) != 1 ||
-				!after[0].Updated.Equal(before[0].Updated) {
-				t.Errorf("listings %+v after the failure, want %+v", after, before)
-			}
-
-			copies := os.DirFS(dir)
-
-			onDisk, err := fs.ReadFile(copies, testListName)
-			if err != nil || string(onDisk) != goodListBody {
-				t.Errorf("copy on disk %q (%v), want %q", onDisk, err, goodListBody)
-			}
-
-			_, err = fs.Stat(copies, testListName+downloadSuffix)
-			if !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-				t.Errorf("the failed download's file is still there (%v)", err)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestRestartLoadsCopiesFromDisk downloads a list, then starts a new
-// Blocklists on the same directory, as a restart does. The new one answers
-// from the copy on disk at once, and does not download the list again while
-// the copy is younger than the list's interval.
-func TestRestartLoadsCopiesFromDisk(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	p, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
-	list := testList(url, FormatLines)
-
-	first := newTestBlocklists(dir, list)
-
-	err := first.download(t.Context(), list)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("download: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	downloaded := lookup(t, first, listedAddr)[0].Updated
-
-	second := newTestBlocklists(dir, list)
-	second.Start(t.Context())
-	second.Stop(t.Context())
-
-	listings := lookup(t, second, listedAddr)
-	if len(listings) != 1 ||
-		listings[0].Updated.Sub(downloaded).Abs() > time.Second {
-		t.Errorf("after the restart, listings %+v, want one updated at %s",
-			listings, downloaded)
-	}
-
-	if got := len(p.requests()); got != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("the publisher had %d requests, want 1", got)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestStartRefreshesAnOldCopy starts on a copy older than its list's
-// interval. The list is downloaded at once, with routewatch's User-Agent and
-// the Last-Modified and ETag the publisher sent with the copy, kept on disk.
-// The publisher answers that the copy is still current, so the copy is kept
-// and marked as updated now.
-func TestStartRefreshesAnOldCopy(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	p, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
-	list := testList(url, FormatLines)
-
-	lastModified := time.Now().Add(-3 * list.Interval).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
-	p.publish(goodListBody, lastModified, testETag)
-
-	err := newTestBlocklists(dir, list).download(t.Context(), list)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("download: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	old := time.Now().Add(-2 * list.Interval).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
-
-	err = os.Chtimes(filepath.Join(dir, testListName), old, old)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Chtimes: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	b := newTestBlocklists(dir, list)
-	b.Start(t.Context())
-
-	deadline := time.Now().Add(maxWait)
-	for !lookup(t, b, listedAddr)[0].Updated.After(old) {
-		if time.Now().After(deadline) {
-			t.Fatalf("the copy was not marked updated within %s", maxWait)
-		}
-
-		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
-	}
-
-	b.Stop(t.Context())
-
-	requests := p.requests()
-	last := requests[len(requests)-1]
-
-	want := lastModified.Format(http.TimeFormat)
-	if got := last.Get(ifModifiedSinceHeader); got != want {
-		t.Errorf("If-Modified-Since %q, want %q", got, want)
-	}
-
-	if got := last.Get(ifNoneMatchHeader); got != testETag {
-		t.Errorf("If-None-Match %q, want %q", got, testETag)
-	}
-
-	if got := last.Get(userAgentHeader); got != userAgent {
-		t.Errorf("User-Agent %q, want %q", got, userAgent)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestNewVersionOlderThanTheLastDownloadReplacesTheCopy downloads a list.
-// The publisher then puts out a new version whose Last-Modified is earlier
-// than that download, as when a cache in front of the publisher passes the
-// version on late. The next download sends the Last-Modified of the copy,
-// not the time of the download, so it gets the new version.
-func TestNewVersionOlderThanTheLastDownloadReplacesTheCopy(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	p, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
-	list := testList(url, FormatLines)
-	b := newTestBlocklists(t.TempDir(), list)
-
-	firstVersion := time.Now().Add(-2 * list.Interval).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
-	p.publish(goodListBody, firstVersion, "")
-
-	err := b.download(t.Context(), list)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("first download: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	p.publish(newListBody, firstVersion.Add(list.Interval), "")
-
-	err = b.download(t.Context(), list)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("second download: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if listings := lookup(t, b, newListedAddr); len(listings) != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("%s: listings %+v, want one from the new version",
-			newListedAddr, listings)
-	}
-
-	want := firstVersion.Format(http.TimeFormat)
-	if got := p.requests()[1].Get(ifModifiedSinceHeader); got != want {
-		t.Errorf("If-Modified-Since %q, want %q", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestDownloadWithoutLastModifiedOrETagSendsNoCondition downloads a list
-// twice from a publisher that sends neither Last-Modified nor ETag. Neither
-// request carries If-Modified-Since or If-None-Match, so the second download
-// gets the whole list again.
-func TestDownloadWithoutLastModifiedOrETagSendsNoCondition(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	p, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
-	list := testList(url, FormatLines)
-	b := newTestBlocklists(t.TempDir(), list)
-
-	err := b.download(t.Context(), list)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("first download: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = b.download(t.Context(), list)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("second download: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for i, request := range p.requests() {
-		if request.Get(ifModifiedSinceHeader) != "" ||
-			request.Get(ifNoneMatchHeader) != "" {
-			t.Errorf("request %d has a condition: %v", i, request)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// TestStopCancelsADownloadInProgress stops while the publisher has not
-// answered. Stop cancels the download and returns once the download
-// goroutine has stopped.
-func TestStopCancelsADownloadInProgress(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	arrived := make(chan struct{})
-
-	var once sync.Once
-
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
-		func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			once.Do(func() { close(arrived) })
-			<-r.Context().Done()
-		}))
-	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
-
-	b := newTestBlocklists(t.TempDir(), testList(srv.URL, FormatLines))
-	b.Start(t.Context())
-
-	select {
-	case <-arrived:
-	case <-time.After(maxWait):
-		t.Fatalf("no download began within %s", maxWait)
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), maxWait)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	b.Stop(ctx)
-
-	select {
-	case <-b.done:
-	default:
-		t.Error("Stop returned before the download goroutine stopped")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestPublicListsAreComplete checks that every public list has what a
-// download and a lookup answer need, and a unique name.
-func TestPublicListsAreComplete(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	names := make(map[string]bool)
-
-	for _, list := range Lists() {
-		if list.Name == "" || list.Description == "" || list.URL == "" ||
-			list.Interval <= 0 || names[list.Name] {
-			t.Errorf("list %+v is incomplete or has a name used before", list)
-		}
-
-		names[list.Name] = true
-	}
-}

internal/blocklist/parse.go

@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-package blocklist
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/netip"
-	"strings"
-
-	"go4.org/netipx"
-)
-
-const (
-	// commentPrefix starts a comment line in a list file.
-	commentPrefix = "#"
-
-	// networkSeparator separates the address and the mask length of a
-	// network, as in 192.0.2.0/24.
-	networkSeparator = "/"
-
-	// dshieldFieldSeparator separates the fields of a DShield line.
-	dshieldFieldSeparator = "\t"
-
-	// spamhausMetadataType is the type of the line that ends a Spamhaus
-	// file. That line holds the file's metadata and no network.
-	spamhausMetadataType = "metadata"
-)
-
-var (
-	errUnknownFormat = errors.New("unknown list format")
-	errNoNetwork     = errors.New("no network on the line")
-	errBadRange      = errors.New("first and last address make no range")
-)
-
-// parse reads a list file written in format and returns the addresses it
-// holds. A line it cannot read fails the whole file, so a file that is not
-// the list, such as an error page, never replaces a good copy.
-func parse(r io.Reader, format Format) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
-	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
-
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
-
-	for lineNumber := 1; scanner.Scan(); lineNumber++ {
-		line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
-		if line == "" || strings.HasPrefix(line, commentPrefix) {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		err := addLine(&builder, line, format)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("line %d: %w", lineNumber, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	err := scanner.Err()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return builder.IPSet()
-}
-
-// addLine adds the address or network on one line of a list file to builder.
-func addLine(builder *netipx.IPSetBuilder, line string, format Format) error {
-	switch format {
-	case FormatLines:
-		return addAddressOrNetwork(builder, line)
-	case FormatSpamhausJSON:
-		return addSpamhausNetwork(builder, line)
-	case FormatDShield:
-		return addDShieldNetwork(builder, line)
-	default:
-		return errUnknownFormat
-	}
-}
-
-// addAddressOrNetwork adds an address, such as 192.0.2.1, or a network, such
-// as 192.0.2.0/24, to builder.
-func addAddressOrNetwork(builder *netipx.IPSetBuilder, text string) error {
-	if strings.Contains(text, networkSeparator) {
-		network, err := netip.ParsePrefix(text)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		builder.AddPrefix(network)
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(text)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	builder.Add(addr)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// addSpamhausNetwork adds the network on a line of a Spamhaus file to
-// builder. The metadata line adds nothing.
-func addSpamhausNetwork(builder *netipx.IPSetBuilder, line string) error {
-	var entry struct {
-		CIDR string `json:"cidr"`
-		Type string `json:"type"`
-	}
-
-	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &entry)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if entry.Type == spamhausMetadataType {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	network, err := netip.ParsePrefix(entry.CIDR)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	builder.AddPrefix(network)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// addDShieldNetwork adds the network on a line of a DShield file to builder.
-// The line's first two fields are the network's first and last address.
-func addDShieldNetwork(builder *netipx.IPSetBuilder, line string) error {
-	firstField, rest, found := strings.Cut(line, dshieldFieldSeparator)
-	if !found {
-		return errNoNetwork
-	}
-
-	lastField, _, _ := strings.Cut(rest, dshieldFieldSeparator)
-
-	first, err := netip.ParseAddr(firstField)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	last, err := netip.ParseAddr(lastField)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	network := netipx.IPRangeFrom(first, last)
-	if !network.IsValid() {
-		return errBadRange
-	}
-
-	builder.AddRange(network)
-
-	return nil
-}

internal/database/database_internal_test.go

@@ -72,17 +72,34 @@ const (
 	// lockTestPrefix is the prefix the batch writes in the checkpoint tests
 	// store.
 	lockTestPrefix = "192.0.2.0/24"
+	// longBusyTimeoutMs is the busy timeout setLongBusyTimeout gives the
+	// writing connection. A checkpoint that waits for an open read takes this
+	// long.
+	longBusyTimeoutMs = 30000
 	// readerCheckpointLimit is how long a checkpoint, and a batch write
-	// waiting for it, may take while a reader is open: well under the busy
+	// waiting for it, may take while a reader is open: well under
-	// timeout, which a checkpoint that waits for the reader takes.
+	// longBusyTimeoutMs, with room for a stall on a busy host.
-	readerCheckpointLimit = time.Second
+	readerCheckpointLimit = 15 * time.Second
 	// truncateCheckpointLimit is how long a checkpoint of a WAL file over
 	// sqliteWALSizeLimitBytes may take to give up while a reader is open: its
-	// wait for the reader plus a second, well under the busy timeout.
+	// wait for the reader plus readerCheckpointLimit.
 	truncateCheckpointLimit = truncateBusyTimeoutMs*time.Millisecond +
-		time.Second
+		readerCheckpointLimit
 )
 
+// setLongBusyTimeout gives the writing connection of db longBusyTimeoutMs, so
+// that a checkpoint that waits for an open read takes far longer than a stall
+// on a busy host.
+func setLongBusyTimeout(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, db *Database) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	_, err := db.writer.ExecContext(ctx,
+		fmt.Sprintf("PRAGMA busy_timeout=%d", longBusyTimeoutMs))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to set the busy timeout: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 // TestConnectionPoolPragmas holds several pooled connections open at once and
 // checks each one carries the per-connection settings from the DSN, plus the
 // process-wide heap limits, and sees the new file with auto_vacuum
@@ -579,6 +596,8 @@ func TestCheckpointDoesNotWaitForReader(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	ts := time.Now().UTC()
 
+	setLongBusyTimeout(ctx, t, db)
+
 	err = db.UpdatePrefixesBatch(map[string]time.Time{"198.51.100.0/24": ts})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to store the prefix the reader reads: %v", err)
@@ -690,6 +709,7 @@ func TestCheckpointEmptiesWALOnceNoReadIsOpen(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	fillWALPastLimit(ctx, t, db)
+	setLongBusyTimeout(ctx, t, db)
 
 	started := time.Now()
 

internal/iplist/download.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package blocklist
+package iplist
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ const (
 
 	// maxDownloadSize is the size of the largest list file accepted, in
 	// bytes. The largest list, FireHOL abusers, is about 2.5 MiB.
-	maxDownloadSize = 16 << 20
+	maxDownloadSize = 200 << 20
 )
 
 // The request headers a download sets.
@@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ var (
 // downloads each list once its copy is older than its Interval, and a list
 // with no copy at once. The goroutine runs until Stop: the end of ctx does
 // not stop it.
-func (b *Blocklists) Start(ctx context.Context) {
+func (b *IPLists) Start(ctx context.Context) {
 	err := os.MkdirAll(b.dir, dirPermissions)
 	if err != nil {
-		b.logger.Error("Failed to create the blocklists directory",
+		b.logger.Error("Failed to create the IP lists directory",
 			"dir", b.dir, "error", err)
 	}
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) Start(ctx context.Context) {
 	for i, list := range b.lists {
 		loadErr := b.loadCopy(list)
 		if loadErr != nil && !errors.Is(loadErr, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			b.logger.Error("Failed to load a blocklist copy",
+			b.logger.Error("Failed to load an IP list copy",
 				"list", list.Name, "error", loadErr)
 		}
 
@@ -104,20 +104,20 @@ func (b *Blocklists) Start(ctx context.Context) {
 		b.run(ctx, nextDownload)
 	}()
 
-	b.logger.Info("Blocklist downloads started", "dir", b.dir)
+	b.logger.Info("IP list downloads started", "dir", b.dir)
 }
 
 // Stop stops the downloads, cancelling one in progress, and waits until the
 // goroutine has returned or ctx ends. The copies in memory stay, so Lookup
 // still answers.
-func (b *Blocklists) Stop(ctx context.Context) {
+func (b *IPLists) Stop(ctx context.Context) {
 	b.stop()
 
 	select {
 	case <-b.done:
-		b.logger.Info("Blocklist downloads stopped")
+		b.logger.Info("IP list downloads stopped")
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		b.logger.Warn("Stop deadline passed before the blocklist downloads " +
+		b.logger.Warn("Stop deadline passed before the IP list downloads " +
 			"stopped")
 	}
 }
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) Stop(ctx context.Context) {
 // run downloads each list when nextDownload says, until ctx ends. After each
 // try, whether it worked or not, the list's next download is an Interval
 // later.
-func (b *Blocklists) run(ctx context.Context, nextDownload []time.Time) {
+func (b *IPLists) run(ctx context.Context, nextDownload []time.Time) {
 	defer close(b.done)
 
 	if len(nextDownload) == 0 {
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) run(ctx context.Context, nextDownload []time.Time) {
 			}
 
 			if err != nil {
-				b.logger.Error("Blocklist download failed; keeping the "+
+				b.logger.Error("IP list download failed; keeping the "+
 					"previous copy", "list", list.Name, "error", err)
 			}
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) run(ctx context.Context, nextDownload []time.Time) {
 // on disk and in memory. An answer that the copy is still current marks the
 // copy as updated now. Anything else leaves the copy as it is and returns an
 // error.
-func (b *Blocklists) download(ctx context.Context, list List) error {
+func (b *IPLists) download(ctx context.Context, list List) error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, downloadTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) download(ctx context.Context, list List) error {
 // replaceCopy writes a new version of list, read from body, beside the list's
 // copy. Only when it parses does it replace the copy, on disk and in memory.
 // sent are the validators the publisher sent with the new version.
-func (b *Blocklists) replaceCopy(list List, body io.Reader, sent validators) error {
+func (b *IPLists) replaceCopy(list List, body io.Reader, sent validators) error {
 	root, err := os.OpenRoot(b.dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -244,13 +244,13 @@ func (b *Blocklists) replaceCopy(list List, body io.Reader, sent validators) err
 	b.setCopy(list.Name, listCopy{
 		addresses: addresses, updated: time.Now().UTC(), validators: sent,
 	})
-	b.logger.Info("Downloaded a new version of a blocklist", "list", list.Name)
+	b.logger.Info("Downloaded a new version of an IP list", "list", list.Name)
 
 	// Without this file, the first download after a restart asks for the
 	// whole list.
 	err = writeValidators(root, list.Name, sent)
 	if err != nil {
-		b.logger.Error("Failed to keep the validators of a blocklist copy",
+		b.logger.Error("Failed to keep the validators of an IP list copy",
 			"list", list.Name, "error", err)
 	}
 
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ func writeAndParse(
 
 // markCurrent records that the publisher says the list's copy is still
 // current: the copy, on disk and in memory, is marked as updated now.
-func (b *Blocklists) markCurrent(list List) error {
+func (b *IPLists) markCurrent(list List) error {
 	root, err := os.OpenRoot(b.dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) markCurrent(list List) error {
 	}
 
 	b.setUpdated(list.Name, now)
-	b.logger.Debug("Blocklist copy is still current", "list", list.Name)
+	b.logger.Debug("IP list copy is still current", "list", list.Name)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) markCurrent(list List) error {
 // loadCopy makes the list's copy on disk, with the validators kept beside it,
 // its copy in memory. The file's modification time is when the copy was
 // updated.
-func (b *Blocklists) loadCopy(list List) error {
+func (b *IPLists) loadCopy(list List) error {
 	root, err := os.OpenRoot(b.dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err

internal/iplist/iplist.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-// Package blocklist downloads public IP blocklists on a schedule, keeps the
+// Package iplist downloads public IP lists on a schedule, keeps the last good
-// last good copy of each on disk and in memory, and answers which lists
+// copy of each on disk and in memory, and answers which lists contain an
-// contain an address.
+// address.
-package blocklist
+package iplist
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -29,9 +29,31 @@ const (
 	// start with the network's first and last address. Lines that start
 	// with # are comments.
 	FormatDShield
+
+	// FormatOnionooJSON is one Onionoo details document. Its relays have
+	// addresses in two fields: exit_addresses, which has IPv4 only, and
+	// or_addresses, which has IPv4 and IPv6, each with a port.
+	FormatOnionooJSON
+
+	// FormatMullvadJSON is Mullvad's JSON list of relays. A relay's addresses
+	// are in ipv4_addr_in, ipv6_addr_in and ipv4_v2ray.
+	FormatMullvadJSON
+
+	// FormatNordVPNJSON is NordVPN's JSON list of servers. A server's
+	// addresses are in station and ipv6_station.
+	FormatNordVPNJSON
+
+	// FormatPIAJSON is Private Internet Access's JSON server list, then a
+	// blank line and a signature. Each region's servers has lists of servers
+	// by protocol, and each server has its address in ip.
+	FormatPIAJSON
+
+	// FormatIVPNJSON is IVPN's JSON server list. The hosts of its wireguard
+	// and openvpn gateways have their addresses in host and v2ray.
+	FormatIVPNJSON
 )
 
-// List is one public blocklist.
+// List is one public IP list.
 type List struct {
 	// Name names the list in lookup answers, and names its copy on disk.
 	Name string
@@ -48,6 +70,9 @@ type List struct {
 
 	// Format is how the list's file is written.
 	Format Format
+
+	// VPN says that the list holds servers of VPN services.
+	VPN bool
 }
 
 // Listing says that a list contains an address.
@@ -58,6 +83,10 @@ type Listing struct {
 	// Updated is when routewatch last downloaded the list, or last heard from
 	// its publisher that its copy was still current.
 	Updated time.Time `json:"updated"`
+
+	// VPN says that the list holds servers of VPN services. A lookup answer
+	// reports it through is_vpn and vpn_providers.
+	VPN bool `json:"-"`
 }
 
 // listCopy is a list's last good copy in memory.
@@ -80,9 +109,9 @@ type Params struct {
 	Logger *slog.Logger
 }
 
-// Blocklists keeps a copy of each list and answers which lists contain an
+// IPLists keeps a copy of each list and answers which lists contain an
 // address. Start loads the copies from disk and starts downloading the lists.
-type Blocklists struct {
+type IPLists struct {
 	dir    string
 	lists  []List
 	logger *slog.Logger
@@ -97,12 +126,12 @@ type Blocklists struct {
 	done chan struct{}
 }
 
-// New returns a Blocklists with no copies. Start loads them.
+// New returns an IPLists with no copies. Start loads them.
-func New(params Params) *Blocklists {
+func New(params Params) *IPLists {
-	return &Blocklists{
+	return &IPLists{
 		dir:    params.Dir,
 		lists:  params.Lists,
-		logger: params.Logger.With("component", "blocklists"),
+		logger: params.Logger.With("component", "iplists"),
 		copies: make(map[string]listCopy),
 		done:   make(chan struct{}),
 	}
@@ -111,7 +140,7 @@ func New(params Params) *Blocklists {
 // Lookup returns a Listing for each list whose copy contains addr, in the
 // order of the lists given to New. It makes no outside request. When no list
 // contains addr, it returns an empty list, not nil.
-func (b *Blocklists) Lookup(addr netip.Addr) []Listing {
+func (b *IPLists) Lookup(addr netip.Addr) []Listing {
 	b.mu.RLock()
 	defer b.mu.RUnlock()
 
@@ -124,6 +153,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) Lookup(addr netip.Addr) []Listing {
 				Name:        list.Name,
 				Description: list.Description,
 				Updated:     c.updated,
+				VPN:         list.VPN,
 			})
 		}
 	}
@@ -133,7 +163,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) Lookup(addr netip.Addr) []Listing {
 
 // ShortestInterval returns the shortest Interval of the lists. That is the
 // soonest a copy can change, and so how long a lookup answer stays current.
-func (b *Blocklists) ShortestInterval() time.Duration {
+func (b *IPLists) ShortestInterval() time.Duration {
 	var shortest time.Duration
 
 	for i, list := range b.lists {
@@ -147,7 +177,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) ShortestInterval() time.Duration {
 
 // updated returns when the named list's copy was last downloaded or found
 // current, or the zero time when the list has no copy.
-func (b *Blocklists) updated(name string) time.Time {
+func (b *IPLists) updated(name string) time.Time {
 	b.mu.RLock()
 	defer b.mu.RUnlock()
 
@@ -156,7 +186,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) updated(name string) time.Time {
 
 // copyValidators returns the validators of the named list's copy. They are
 // empty when the list has no copy.
-func (b *Blocklists) copyValidators(name string) validators {
+func (b *IPLists) copyValidators(name string) validators {
 	b.mu.RLock()
 	defer b.mu.RUnlock()
 
@@ -164,7 +194,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) copyValidators(name string) validators {
 }
 
 // setCopy makes c the named list's copy.
-func (b *Blocklists) setCopy(name string, c listCopy) {
+func (b *IPLists) setCopy(name string, c listCopy) {
 	b.mu.Lock()
 	defer b.mu.Unlock()
 
@@ -172,7 +202,7 @@ func (b *Blocklists) setCopy(name string, c listCopy) {
 }
 
 // setUpdated records that the named list's copy was found current at t.
-func (b *Blocklists) setUpdated(name string, t time.Time) {
+func (b *IPLists) setUpdated(name string, t time.Time) {
 	b.mu.Lock()
 	defer b.mu.Unlock()
 

internal/iplist/iplist_internal_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,870 @@
+package iplist
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// The test list's name and description, the address its good version lists,
+// and the address a newer version lists instead.
+const (
+	testListName        = "test_list"
+	testListDescription = "On the test list"
+	listedAddr          = "192.0.2.1"
+	goodListBody        = "# A test list\n" + listedAddr + "\n"
+	newListedAddr       = "192.0.2.2"
+	newListBody         = "# A test list\n" + newListedAddr + "\n"
+)
+
+// A small Onionoo details document: a relay with an exit address and IPv4 and
+// IPv6 relay addresses, one without exit addresses, and one with a list of
+// ports.
+const (
+	onionooExitAddr     = "192.0.2.10"
+	onionooIPv6ExitAddr = "2001:db8::1"
+	onionooBody         = `{"version":"8.0","relays":[
+		{"exit_addresses":["` + onionooExitAddr + `"],
+		 "or_addresses":["192.0.2.11:443","[` + onionooIPv6ExitAddr + `]:9001"]},
+		{"or_addresses":["192.0.2.20:443"]},
+		{"or_addresses":["192.0.2.30:80,443"]}
+	],"bridges":[]}`
+)
+
+// Small documents in the VPN services' formats. PIA's and IVPN's have no
+// public IPv6 addresses, and IVPN's holds addresses that are not its servers,
+// which must not be read.
+const (
+	mullvadBody = `[
+		{"hostname":"a-wg-001","ipv4_addr_in":"192.0.2.40","ipv6_addr_in":"2001:db8::40"},
+		{"hostname":"a-br-001","ipv4_addr_in":"192.0.2.41","ipv6_addr_in":null,
+		 "ipv4_v2ray":"192.0.2.42"}
+	]`
+	nordVPNBody = `[
+		{"hostname":"a1.example.com","station":"192.0.2.50","ipv6_station":""},
+		{"hostname":"a2.example.com","station":"192.0.2.51","ipv6_station":"2001:db8::51"}
+	]`
+	piaBody = `{"groups":{"wg":[{"name":"wireguard","ports":[1337]}]},"regions":[
+		{"id":"a","servers":{
+			"wg":[{"ip":"192.0.2.60","cn":"a1"}],
+			"ikev2":[{"ip":"192.0.2.61","cn":"a1"}]}},
+		{"id":"b","servers":{"meta":[{"ip":"192.0.2.62","cn":"b1","van":true}]}}
+	]}` + "\n\nc2lnbmF0dXJl\nbGluZSB0d28=\n"
+	ivpnBody = `{"wireguard":[{"gateway":"a.wg.example.com","hosts":[
+		{"hostname":"a1","host":"192.0.2.70","v2ray":"192.0.2.71",
+		 "ipv6":{"local_ip":"2001:db8::70/96"}}]}],
+	"openvpn":[{"gateway":"a.gw.example.com","hosts":[
+		{"hostname":"a1","host":"192.0.2.72"}]}],
+	"config":{"api":{"ips":["192.0.2.73"]}}}`
+)
+
+// errorPage is a file that is no list, as a publisher's error page is.
+const errorPage = "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html></html>\n"
+
+// testETag is the ETag a publisher sends with a version of the test list.
+const testETag = `"v1"`
+
+// maxWait is how long a test waits for the download goroutine.
+const maxWait = 10 * time.Second
+
+// publisher stands in for a list's publisher. It answers every request with
+// its status and body, and keeps the headers of each request. A 200 answer
+// carries lastModified and etag, when set, as Last-Modified and ETag. As
+// from a real publisher, a request whose If-None-Match or If-Modified-Since
+// matches them is answered "not modified".
+type publisher struct {
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	status       int
+	body         string
+	lastModified time.Time
+	etag         string
+	headers      []http.Header
+}
+
+// newPublisher starts a publisher that answers 200 with body, and returns it
+// and its URL.
+func newPublisher(t *testing.T, body string) (*publisher, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	p := &publisher{status: http.StatusOK, body: body}
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(p)
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	return p, srv.URL
+}
+
+func (p *publisher) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	p.headers = append(p.headers, r.Header.Clone())
+
+	if p.status != http.StatusOK {
+		w.WriteHeader(p.status)
+		_, _ = io.WriteString(w, p.body)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	if p.etag != "" {
+		w.Header().Set(etagHeader, p.etag)
+	}
+
+	// ServeContent sends Last-Modified unless lastModified is zero, and
+	// answers "not modified" when the request's conditions match.
+	http.ServeContent(w, r, testListName, p.lastModified,
+		strings.NewReader(p.body))
+}
+
+// answer makes the publisher answer later requests with status and body.
+func (p *publisher) answer(status int, body string) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	p.status, p.body = status, body
+}
+
+// publish makes the publisher answer later requests with a version of the
+// list: body, with lastModified and etag. A zero lastModified or an empty
+// etag is not sent.
+func (p *publisher) publish(body string, lastModified time.Time, etag string) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	p.status, p.body = http.StatusOK, body
+	p.lastModified, p.etag = lastModified, etag
+}
+
+// requests returns the headers of the requests the publisher has had.
+func (p *publisher) requests() []http.Header {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return append([]http.Header(nil), p.headers...)
+}
+
+// testList returns a list served at url, written in format.
+func testList(url string, format Format) List {
+	return List{
+		Name:        testListName,
+		Description: testListDescription,
+		URL:         url,
+		Interval:    time.Hour,
+		Format:      format,
+	}
+}
+
+func newTestIPLists(dir string, list List) *IPLists {
+	return New(Params{
+		Dir:    dir,
+		Lists:  []List{list},
+		Logger: slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler),
+	})
+}
+
+// lookup looks addr up in b.
+func lookup(t *testing.T, b *IPLists, addr string) []Listing {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	return b.Lookup(netip.MustParseAddr(addr))
+}
+
+// TestLookupFindsListedAddresses downloads a list in each format and looks
+// up addresses on it, inside its networks, and off it, in IPv4 and IPv6.
+// A listed address has one listing that names the list; any other has an
+// empty list of listings.
+func TestLookupFindsListedAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	runLookupCases(t, []lookupCase{
+		{
+			name:     "single addresses",
+			format:   FormatLines,
+			body:     "# comment\n192.0.2.1\n\n2001:db8::1\n",
+			listed:   []string{"192.0.2.1", "::ffff:192.0.2.1", "2001:db8::1"},
+			unlisted: []string{"192.0.2.2", "2001:db8::2"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "networks",
+			format:   FormatLines,
+			body:     "# comment\n198.51.100.0/24\n2001:db8:1::/48\n",
+			listed:   []string{"198.51.100.0", "198.51.100.255", "2001:db8:1::5"},
+			unlisted: []string{"198.51.101.0", "2001:db8:2::1"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "Spamhaus networks",
+			format: FormatSpamhausJSON,
+			body: `{"cidr":"203.0.113.0/25","sblid":"SBL1","rir":"arin"}` + "\n" +
+				`{"cidr":"2001:db8:3::/48","sblid":"SBL2","rir":"ripencc"}` + "\n" +
+				`{"type":"metadata","timestamp":1793074442,"records":2}` + "\n",
+			listed:   []string{"203.0.113.1", "2001:db8:3::1"},
+			unlisted: []string{"203.0.113.200", "2001:db8:4::1"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "DShield networks",
+			format: FormatDShield,
+			body: "#   DShield.org Recommended Block List\n" +
+				"192.0.2.0\t192.0.2.255\t24\t327\tEXAMPLE\tUS\tNone\n",
+			listed:   []string{"192.0.2.0", "192.0.2.77"},
+			unlisted: []string{"192.0.3.1", "2001:db8::1"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "Onionoo relays",
+			format: FormatOnionooJSON,
+			body:   onionooBody,
+			listed: []string{
+				onionooExitAddr, "192.0.2.11", "192.0.2.20", "192.0.2.30",
+				onionooIPv6ExitAddr,
+			},
+			unlisted: []string{"192.0.2.12", "2001:db8::2"},
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+// TestLookupFindsVPNServers downloads a list in each VPN service's format and
+// looks up addresses on it and off it.
+func TestLookupFindsVPNServers(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	runLookupCases(t, []lookupCase{
+		{
+			name:     "Mullvad relays",
+			format:   FormatMullvadJSON,
+			body:     mullvadBody,
+			listed:   []string{"192.0.2.40", "192.0.2.41", "192.0.2.42", "2001:db8::40"},
+			unlisted: []string{"192.0.2.43", "2001:db8::41"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "NordVPN servers",
+			format:   FormatNordVPNJSON,
+			body:     nordVPNBody,
+			listed:   []string{"192.0.2.50", "192.0.2.51", "2001:db8::51"},
+			unlisted: []string{"192.0.2.52", "2001:db8::50"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "PIA servers, with the signature after the JSON",
+			format:   FormatPIAJSON,
+			body:     piaBody,
+			listed:   []string{"192.0.2.60", "192.0.2.61", "192.0.2.62"},
+			unlisted: []string{"192.0.2.63", "2001:db8::60"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "IVPN hosts",
+			format:   FormatIVPNJSON,
+			body:     ivpnBody,
+			listed:   []string{"192.0.2.70", "192.0.2.71", "192.0.2.72"},
+			unlisted: []string{"192.0.2.73", "2001:db8::70"},
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+// lookupCase is a list file, the addresses it holds and some it does not.
+type lookupCase struct {
+	name     string
+	format   Format
+	body     string
+	listed   []string
+	unlisted []string
+}
+
+// runLookupCases downloads each case's list file and checks its addresses.
+func runLookupCases(t *testing.T, cases []lookupCase) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			_, url := newPublisher(t, tt.body)
+			b := newTestIPLists(t.TempDir(), testList(url, tt.format))
+
+			err := b.download(t.Context(), b.lists[0])
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("download: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			checkLookups(t, b, tt.listed, tt.unlisted)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// checkLookups checks that each of listed has one listing that names the test
+// list, and each of unlisted has an empty list of listings.
+func checkLookups(t *testing.T, b *IPLists, listed, unlisted []string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	for _, addr := range listed {
+		listings := lookup(t, b, addr)
+		if len(listings) != 1 || listings[0].Name != testListName ||
+			listings[0].Description != testListDescription ||
+			listings[0].Updated.IsZero() {
+			t.Errorf("%s: listings %+v, want one for %s", addr,
+				listings, testListName)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, addr := range unlisted {
+		listings := lookup(t, b, addr)
+		if listings == nil || len(listings) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("%s: listings %#v, want an empty list", addr, listings)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFailedDownloadKeepsThePreviousCopy downloads a good version of a list,
+// then one that fails. The good copy stays in memory and on disk, and no
+// part of the failed download is left beside it.
+func TestFailedDownloadKeepsThePreviousCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		status int
+		body   string
+	}{
+		{"server error", http.StatusInternalServerError, "unavailable"},
+		{"not a list", http.StatusOK, errorPage},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			p, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
+			b := newTestIPLists(dir, testList(url, FormatLines))
+
+			err := b.download(t.Context(), b.lists[0])
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("first download: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			before := lookup(t, b, listedAddr)
+
+			p.answer(tt.status, tt.body)
+
+			err = b.download(t.Context(), b.lists[0])
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("second download returned no error")
+			}
+
+			after := lookup(t, b, listedAddr)
+			if len(after) != 1 || len(before) != 1 ||
+				!after[0].Updated.Equal(before[0].Updated) {
+				t.Errorf("listings %+v after the failure, want %+v", after, before)
+			}
+
+			checkGoodCopyOnDisk(t, dir)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFileThatIsNotAnOnionooDocumentKeepsThePreviousCopy downloads a good
+// Onionoo document, then files that are not one. Each fails the parse, and
+// the good copy stays.
+func TestFileThatIsNotAnOnionooDocumentKeepsThePreviousCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		body string
+	}{
+		{"not JSON", errorPage},
+		{"other JSON", `{"status":"ok","data":{"relays_count":1}}`},
+		{"JSON array", `[{"or_addresses":["192.0.2.1:443"]}]`},
+		{"no relays", `{"relays":[],"bridges":[]}`},
+		{"relays without addresses", `{"relays":[{"nickname":"example"}]}`},
+		{"relay address without a port", `{"relays":[{"or_addresses":["192.0.2.1"]}]}`},
+		{"exit address that is not one", `{"relays":[{"exit_addresses":["example"]}]}`},
+		{"text after the document", `{"relays":[{"or_addresses":["192.0.2.1:1"]}]} x`},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			p, url := newPublisher(t, onionooBody)
+			b := newTestIPLists(dir, testList(url, FormatOnionooJSON))
+
+			err := b.download(t.Context(), b.lists[0])
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("first download: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			p.answer(http.StatusOK, tt.body)
+
+			err = b.download(t.Context(), b.lists[0])
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("second download returned no error")
+			}
+
+			if len(lookup(t, b, onionooExitAddr)) != 1 {
+				t.Errorf("%s is no longer listed", onionooExitAddr)
+			}
+
+			onDisk, err := fs.ReadFile(os.DirFS(dir), testListName)
+			if err != nil || string(onDisk) != onionooBody {
+				t.Errorf("copy on disk %q (%v), want the good version", onDisk, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWrongVPNDocumentFailsToParse parses documents that are not a VPN
+// service's list. Each fails, so none can replace a good copy.
+func TestWrongVPNDocumentFailsToParse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	formats := []struct {
+		name       string
+		format     Format
+		good       string
+		empty      string
+		badAddress string
+	}{
+		{
+			"Mullvad", FormatMullvadJSON, mullvadBody,
+			`[{"hostname":"a"}]`, `[{"ipv4_addr_in":"example"}]`,
+		},
+		{
+			"NordVPN", FormatNordVPNJSON, nordVPNBody,
+			`[{"hostname":"a","station":"","ipv6_station":""}]`,
+			`[{"station":"example"}]`,
+		},
+		{
+			"PIA", FormatPIAJSON, piaBody,
+			`{"regions":[{"id":"a","servers":{}}]}`,
+			`{"regions":[{"servers":{"wg":[{"ip":"example"}]}}]}`,
+		},
+		{
+			"IVPN", FormatIVPNJSON, ivpnBody,
+			`{"wireguard":[{"hosts":[]}],"openvpn":[]}`,
+			`{"wireguard":[{"hosts":[{"host":"example"}]}]}`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, f := range formats {
+		bodies := map[string]string{
+			"not JSON":      errorPage,
+			"other JSON":    `{"status":"ok","data":{"count":1}}`,
+			"no addresses":  f.empty,
+			"bad address":   f.badAddress,
+			"cut off":       f.good[:len(f.good)/2],
+			"an empty file": "",
+		}
+
+		for name, body := range bodies {
+			t.Run(f.name+" "+name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				t.Parallel()
+
+				addresses, err := parse(strings.NewReader(body), f.format)
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("parse returned %v and no error", addresses.Ranges())
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLookupMarksVPNLists looks up an address on a VPN list and on another
+// list. Only the VPN list's listing says it is one.
+func TestLookupMarksVPNLists(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	_, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
+	vpnList := testList(url, FormatLines)
+	vpnList.Name = "test_vpn_list"
+	vpnList.VPN = true
+	otherList := testList(url, FormatLines)
+
+	b := New(Params{
+		Dir:    t.TempDir(),
+		Lists:  []List{vpnList, otherList},
+		Logger: slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler),
+	})
+
+	for _, list := range b.lists {
+		err := b.download(t.Context(), list)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("download of %s: %v", list.Name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	listings := lookup(t, b, listedAddr)
+	if len(listings) != 2 || !listings[0].VPN || listings[1].VPN {
+		t.Errorf("listings %+v, want the first of two marked as a VPN list",
+			listings)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPublicListsMarkTheVPNLists checks which public lists are VPN lists,
+// since their names are what vpn_providers reports.
+func TestPublicListsMarkTheVPNLists(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	var got []string
+
+	for _, list := range Lists() {
+		if list.VPN {
+			got = append(got, list.Name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	want := []string{"ivpn", "mullvad", "nordvpn", "pia", "x4bnet", "x4bnet_v6"}
+	if !slices.Equal(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("VPN lists %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// checkGoodCopyOnDisk checks that dir holds the good version of the test list
+// and no part of a failed download.
+func checkGoodCopyOnDisk(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	copies := os.DirFS(dir)
+
+	onDisk, err := fs.ReadFile(copies, testListName)
+	if err != nil || string(onDisk) != goodListBody {
+		t.Errorf("copy on disk %q (%v), want %q", onDisk, err, goodListBody)
+	}
+
+	_, err = fs.Stat(copies, testListName+downloadSuffix)
+	if !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+		t.Errorf("the failed download's file is still there (%v)", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// commentLines is an endless io.Reader of comment lines. It lets a test send
+// a large list file without holding the file in memory.
+type commentLines struct {
+	offset int
+}
+
+func (c *commentLines) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	const line = "# a comment line that pads a large list file\n"
+
+	for filled := 0; filled < len(p); {
+		copied := copy(p[filled:], line[c.offset:])
+		filled += copied
+		c.offset = (c.offset + copied) % len(line)
+	}
+
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+// largeListFile returns a reader of a list file of size bytes: comment lines,
+// then newListedAddr on the last line.
+func largeListFile(size int64) io.Reader {
+	lastLine := "\n" + newListedAddr + "\n"
+
+	return io.MultiReader(
+		io.LimitReader(&commentLines{}, size-int64(len(lastLine))),
+		strings.NewReader(lastLine),
+	)
+}
+
+// TestLargeFileUnderTheSizeLimitIsAccepted replaces a list with a 199 MiB
+// file. The address on its last line is listed, so the whole file was read.
+func TestLargeFileUnderTheSizeLimitIsAccepted(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	const size = 199 << 20
+
+	b := newTestIPLists(t.TempDir(), testList("", FormatLines))
+
+	err := b.replaceCopy(b.lists[0], largeListFile(size), validators{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("replaceCopy: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if listings := lookup(t, b, newListedAddr); len(listings) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("listings %+v, want one", listings)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFileOverTheSizeLimitKeepsThePreviousCopy downloads a good version of a
+// list, then replaces it with a file one byte over the limit. The attempt
+// fails, and the good copy stays in memory and on disk.
+func TestFileOverTheSizeLimitKeepsThePreviousCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	_, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
+	b := newTestIPLists(dir, testList(url, FormatLines))
+
+	err := b.download(t.Context(), b.lists[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("download: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = b.replaceCopy(b.lists[0], largeListFile(maxDownloadSize+1), validators{})
+	if !errors.Is(err, errTooLarge) {
+		t.Fatalf("replaceCopy: %v, want %v", err, errTooLarge)
+	}
+
+	if listings := lookup(t, b, listedAddr); len(listings) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("listings of %s %+v, want one", listedAddr, listings)
+	}
+
+	checkGoodCopyOnDisk(t, dir)
+}
+
+// TestRestartLoadsCopiesFromDisk downloads a list, then starts a new
+// IPLists on the same directory, as a restart does. The new one answers
+// from the copy on disk at once, and does not download the list again while
+// the copy is younger than the list's interval.
+func TestRestartLoadsCopiesFromDisk(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	p, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
+	list := testList(url, FormatLines)
+
+	first := newTestIPLists(dir, list)
+
+	err := first.download(t.Context(), list)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("download: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	downloaded := lookup(t, first, listedAddr)[0].Updated
+
+	second := newTestIPLists(dir, list)
+	second.Start(t.Context())
+	second.Stop(t.Context())
+
+	// The download takes its time after writing the file, and the restart
+	// reads the file's time. A busy host can put seconds between the two.
+	const maxUpdatedDifference = 15 * time.Second
+
+	listings := lookup(t, second, listedAddr)
+	if len(listings) != 1 ||
+		listings[0].Updated.Sub(downloaded).Abs() > maxUpdatedDifference {
+		t.Errorf("after the restart, listings %+v, want one updated at %s",
+			listings, downloaded)
+	}
+
+	if got := len(p.requests()); got != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("the publisher had %d requests, want 1", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStartRefreshesAnOldCopy starts on a copy older than its list's
+// interval. The list is downloaded at once, with routewatch's User-Agent and
+// the Last-Modified and ETag the publisher sent with the copy, kept on disk.
+// The publisher answers that the copy is still current, so the copy is kept
+// and marked as updated now.
+func TestStartRefreshesAnOldCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	p, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
+	list := testList(url, FormatLines)
+
+	lastModified := time.Now().Add(-3 * list.Interval).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+	p.publish(goodListBody, lastModified, testETag)
+
+	err := newTestIPLists(dir, list).download(t.Context(), list)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("download: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	old := time.Now().Add(-2 * list.Interval).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+
+	err = os.Chtimes(filepath.Join(dir, testListName), old, old)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Chtimes: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	b := newTestIPLists(dir, list)
+	b.Start(t.Context())
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(maxWait)
+	for !lookup(t, b, listedAddr)[0].Updated.After(old) {
+		if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+			t.Fatalf("the copy was not marked updated within %s", maxWait)
+		}
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+	}
+
+	b.Stop(t.Context())
+
+	requests := p.requests()
+	last := requests[len(requests)-1]
+
+	want := lastModified.Format(http.TimeFormat)
+	if got := last.Get(ifModifiedSinceHeader); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("If-Modified-Since %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+
+	if got := last.Get(ifNoneMatchHeader); got != testETag {
+		t.Errorf("If-None-Match %q, want %q", got, testETag)
+	}
+
+	if got := last.Get(userAgentHeader); got != userAgent {
+		t.Errorf("User-Agent %q, want %q", got, userAgent)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNewVersionOlderThanTheLastDownloadReplacesTheCopy downloads a list.
+// The publisher then puts out a new version whose Last-Modified is earlier
+// than that download, as when a cache in front of the publisher passes the
+// version on late. The next download sends the Last-Modified of the copy,
+// not the time of the download, so it gets the new version.
+func TestNewVersionOlderThanTheLastDownloadReplacesTheCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	p, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
+	list := testList(url, FormatLines)
+	b := newTestIPLists(t.TempDir(), list)
+
+	firstVersion := time.Now().Add(-2 * list.Interval).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+	p.publish(goodListBody, firstVersion, "")
+
+	err := b.download(t.Context(), list)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first download: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	p.publish(newListBody, firstVersion.Add(list.Interval), "")
+
+	err = b.download(t.Context(), list)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("second download: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if listings := lookup(t, b, newListedAddr); len(listings) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("%s: listings %+v, want one from the new version",
+			newListedAddr, listings)
+	}
+
+	want := firstVersion.Format(http.TimeFormat)
+	if got := p.requests()[1].Get(ifModifiedSinceHeader); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("If-Modified-Since %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDownloadWithoutLastModifiedOrETagSendsNoCondition downloads a list
+// twice from a publisher that sends neither Last-Modified nor ETag. Neither
+// request carries If-Modified-Since or If-None-Match, so the second download
+// gets the whole list again.
+func TestDownloadWithoutLastModifiedOrETagSendsNoCondition(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	p, url := newPublisher(t, goodListBody)
+	list := testList(url, FormatLines)
+	b := newTestIPLists(t.TempDir(), list)
+
+	err := b.download(t.Context(), list)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first download: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = b.download(t.Context(), list)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("second download: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for i, request := range p.requests() {
+		if request.Get(ifModifiedSinceHeader) != "" ||
+			request.Get(ifNoneMatchHeader) != "" {
+			t.Errorf("request %d has a condition: %v", i, request)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStopCancelsADownloadInProgress stops while the publisher has not
+// answered. Stop cancels the download and returns once the download
+// goroutine has stopped.
+func TestStopCancelsADownloadInProgress(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	arrived := make(chan struct{})
+
+	var once sync.Once
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
+		func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			once.Do(func() { close(arrived) })
+			<-r.Context().Done()
+		}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	b := newTestIPLists(t.TempDir(), testList(srv.URL, FormatLines))
+	b.Start(t.Context())
+
+	select {
+	case <-arrived:
+	case <-time.After(maxWait):
+		t.Fatalf("no download began within %s", maxWait)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), maxWait)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	b.Stop(ctx)
+
+	select {
+	case <-b.done:
+	default:
+		t.Error("Stop returned before the download goroutine stopped")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestTorExitsListHoldsIPv6Exits downloads an Onionoo document as the public
+// Tor exit list, which is what an IPv6 address's is_tor answer comes from.
+func TestTorExitsListHoldsIPv6Exits(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	index := slices.IndexFunc(Lists(), func(list List) bool {
+		return list.Name == TorExitsList
+	})
+	if index < 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("no list named %s", TorExitsList)
+	}
+
+	list := Lists()[index]
+	_, list.URL = newPublisher(t, onionooBody)
+	b := newTestIPLists(t.TempDir(), list)
+
+	err := b.download(t.Context(), list)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("download: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	listings := lookup(t, b, onionooIPv6ExitAddr)
+	if len(listings) != 1 || listings[0].Name != TorExitsList {
+		t.Errorf("listings %+v, want one for %s", listings, TorExitsList)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPublicListsAreComplete checks that every public list has what a
+// download and a lookup answer need, and a unique name.
+func TestPublicListsAreComplete(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	names := make(map[string]bool)
+
+	for _, list := range Lists() {
+		if list.Name == "" || list.Description == "" || list.URL == "" ||
+			list.Interval <= 0 || names[list.Name] {
+			t.Errorf("list %+v is incomplete or has a name used before", list)
+		}
+
+		names[list.Name] = true
+	}
+}

internal/iplist/lists.go

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
-package blocklist
+package iplist
 
-import "time"
+import (
+	"slices"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TorExitsList is the name of the list of Tor exit nodes.
+const TorExitsList = "tor_exits"
 
 // How often each list is downloaded. No list is downloaded more often than
 // its publisher updates it or allows.
@@ -25,15 +31,24 @@ const (
 	// https://www.spamhaus.org/blocklists/do-not-route-or-peer/
 	spamhausDROPInterval = 24 * time.Hour
 
-	// Tor publishes a new exit list every hour and sets no download limit:
+	// Onionoo's relay data follows Tor's hourly network consensus, and
-	// https://collector.torproject.org/recent/exit-lists/
+	// Onionoo sets no download limit:
+	// https://metrics.torproject.org/onionoo.html
 	torExitsInterval = time.Hour
+
+	// A VPN service's servers change slowly, so once a day is enough.
+	vpnListInterval = 24 * time.Hour
 )
 
-// Lists returns the public blocklists routewatch downloads. Each can be
+// Lists returns the public IP lists routewatch downloads. Each can be
 // downloaded whole without an account or a key. Spamhaus merged its EDROP
 // list into DROP, so DROP covers both.
 func Lists() []List {
+	return slices.Concat(nonVPNLists(), vpnLists())
+}
+
+// nonVPNLists returns the public lists that are not lists of VPN servers.
+func nonVPNLists() []List {
 	return []List{
 		{
 			Name: "dshield",
@@ -83,11 +98,73 @@ func Lists() []List {
 			Format:   FormatSpamhausJSON,
 		},
 		{
-			Name:        "tor_exits",
+			Name:        TorExitsList,
 			Description: "A Tor exit node, where traffic from the Tor network leaves",
-			URL:         "https://check.torproject.org/torbulkexitlist",
+			URL: "https://onionoo.torproject.org/details?" +
+				"flag=Exit&running=true&fields=exit_addresses,or_addresses",
 			Interval: torExitsInterval,
+			Format:   FormatOnionooJSON,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// vpnLists returns the public lists of VPN servers. Their names are what
+// vpn_providers reports.
+func vpnLists() []List {
+	return []List{
+		{
+			Name:        "ivpn",
+			Description: "A server of the IVPN service",
+			URL:         "https://api.ivpn.net/v5/servers.json",
+			Interval:    vpnListInterval,
+			Format:      FormatIVPNJSON,
+			VPN:         true,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:        "mullvad",
+			Description: "A server of the Mullvad VPN service",
+			URL:         "https://api.mullvad.net/www/relays/all/",
+			Interval:    vpnListInterval,
+			Format:      FormatMullvadJSON,
+			VPN:         true,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:        "nordvpn",
+			Description: "A server of the NordVPN service",
+			URL: "https://api.nordvpn.com/v1/servers?limit=0" +
+				"&fields[servers.station]&fields[servers.ipv6_station]" +
+				"&fields[servers.hostname]",
+			Interval: vpnListInterval,
+			Format:   FormatNordVPNJSON,
+			VPN:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:        "pia",
+			Description: "A server of the Private Internet Access VPN service",
+			URL:         "https://serverlist.piaservers.net/vpninfo/servers/v6",
+			Interval:    vpnListInterval,
+			Format:      FormatPIAJSON,
+			VPN:         true,
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "x4bnet",
+			Description: "In an IPv4 network of a VPN service, according to " +
+				"X4BNet's community list",
+			URL: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/X4BNet/lists_vpn/main/" +
+				"output/vpn/ipv4.txt",
+			Interval: vpnListInterval,
 			Format:   FormatLines,
+			VPN:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "x4bnet_v6",
+			Description: "In an IPv6 network of a VPN service, according to " +
+				"X4BNet's community list",
+			URL: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/X4BNet/lists_vpn/main/" +
+				"output/vpn/ipv6.txt",
+			Interval: vpnListInterval,
+			Format:   FormatLines,
+			VPN:      true,
 		},
 	}
 }

internal/iplist/parse.go

@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+package iplist
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"go4.org/netipx"
+)
+
+const (
+	// commentPrefix starts a comment line in a list file.
+	commentPrefix = "#"
+
+	// networkSeparator separates the address and the mask length of a
+	// network, as in 192.0.2.0/24.
+	networkSeparator = "/"
+
+	// dshieldFieldSeparator separates the fields of a DShield line.
+	dshieldFieldSeparator = "\t"
+
+	// spamhausMetadataType is the type of the line that ends a Spamhaus
+	// file. That line holds the file's metadata and no network.
+	spamhausMetadataType = "metadata"
+)
+
+var (
+	errUnknownFormat = errors.New("unknown list format")
+	errNoNetwork     = errors.New("no network on the line")
+	errBadRange      = errors.New("first and last address make no range")
+	errNoAddresses   = errors.New("no addresses in the document")
+)
+
+// parse reads a list file written in format and returns the addresses it
+// holds. Anything it cannot read fails the whole file, so a file that is not
+// the list, such as an error page, never replaces a good copy.
+func parse(r io.Reader, format Format) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	switch format {
+	case FormatLines:
+		return parseLines(r, addAddressOrNetwork)
+	case FormatSpamhausJSON:
+		return parseLines(r, addSpamhausNetwork)
+	case FormatDShield:
+		return parseLines(r, addDShieldNetwork)
+	case FormatOnionooJSON:
+		return parseOnionoo(r)
+	case FormatMullvadJSON:
+		return parseMullvad(r)
+	case FormatNordVPNJSON:
+		return parseNordVPN(r)
+	case FormatPIAJSON:
+		return parsePIA(r)
+	case FormatIVPNJSON:
+		return parseIVPN(r)
+	default:
+		return nil, errUnknownFormat
+	}
+}
+
+// parseLines reads a list file line by line, skipping blank lines and
+// comments, and calls addLine with each other line.
+func parseLines(
+	r io.Reader, addLine func(*netipx.IPSetBuilder, string) error,
+) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+
+	for lineNumber := 1; scanner.Scan(); lineNumber++ {
+		line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+		if line == "" || strings.HasPrefix(line, commentPrefix) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		err := addLine(&builder, line)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("line %d: %w", lineNumber, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	err := scanner.Err()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return builder.IPSet()
+}
+
+// addAddressOrNetwork adds an address, such as 192.0.2.1, or a network, such
+// as 192.0.2.0/24, to builder.
+func addAddressOrNetwork(builder *netipx.IPSetBuilder, text string) error {
+	if strings.Contains(text, networkSeparator) {
+		network, err := netip.ParsePrefix(text)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		builder.AddPrefix(network)
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(text)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	builder.Add(addr)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// addSpamhausNetwork adds the network on a line of a Spamhaus file to
+// builder. The metadata line adds nothing.
+func addSpamhausNetwork(builder *netipx.IPSetBuilder, line string) error {
+	var entry struct {
+		CIDR string `json:"cidr"`
+		Type string `json:"type"`
+	}
+
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &entry)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if entry.Type == spamhausMetadataType {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	network, err := netip.ParsePrefix(entry.CIDR)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	builder.AddPrefix(network)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// addDShieldNetwork adds the network on a line of a DShield file to builder.
+// The line's first two fields are the network's first and last address.
+func addDShieldNetwork(builder *netipx.IPSetBuilder, line string) error {
+	firstField, rest, found := strings.Cut(line, dshieldFieldSeparator)
+	if !found {
+		return errNoNetwork
+	}
+
+	lastField, _, _ := strings.Cut(rest, dshieldFieldSeparator)
+
+	first, err := netip.ParseAddr(firstField)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	last, err := netip.ParseAddr(lastField)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	network := netipx.IPRangeFrom(first, last)
+	if !network.IsValid() {
+		return errBadRange
+	}
+
+	builder.AddRange(network)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// parseOnionoo returns every address in the exit_addresses and or_addresses
+// fields of the relays in an Onionoo details document. A document with no
+// addresses fails, because the Tor network always has relays.
+func parseOnionoo(r io.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	//nolint:tagliatelle // Onionoo's own field names
+	var details struct {
+		Relays []struct {
+			ExitAddresses []string `json:"exit_addresses"`
+			ORAddresses   []string `json:"or_addresses"`
+		} `json:"relays"`
+	}
+
+	err := readJSON(r, &details)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
+
+	for _, relay := range details.Relays {
+		for _, text := range relay.ExitAddresses {
+			err = addAddress(&builder, text)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, text := range relay.ORAddresses {
+			err = addAddressWithPort(&builder, text)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	addresses, err := builder.IPSet()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if len(addresses.Ranges()) == 0 {
+		return nil, errNoAddresses
+	}
+
+	return addresses, nil
+}
+
+// parseMullvad returns the addresses of the relays in a Mullvad document. A
+// relay with no IPv6 address has null for it, and only bridges have
+// ipv4_v2ray.
+func parseMullvad(r io.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	//nolint:tagliatelle // Mullvad's own field names
+	var relays []struct {
+		IPv4      string `json:"ipv4_addr_in"`
+		IPv6      string `json:"ipv6_addr_in"`
+		IPv4V2Ray string `json:"ipv4_v2ray"`
+	}
+
+	err := readJSON(r, &relays)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var texts []string
+
+	for _, relay := range relays {
+		texts = append(texts, relay.IPv4, relay.IPv6, relay.IPv4V2Ray)
+	}
+
+	return addressSet(texts)
+}
+
+// parseNordVPN returns the addresses of the servers in a NordVPN document. A
+// server with no IPv6 address has an empty ipv6_station.
+func parseNordVPN(r io.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	//nolint:tagliatelle // NordVPN's own field names
+	var servers []struct {
+		Station     string `json:"station"`
+		IPv6Station string `json:"ipv6_station"`
+	}
+
+	err := readJSON(r, &servers)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var texts []string
+
+	for _, server := range servers {
+		texts = append(texts, server.Station, server.IPv6Station)
+	}
+
+	return addressSet(texts)
+}
+
+// parsePIA returns the addresses of the servers in a Private Internet Access
+// document. json.Decoder stops at the end of the JSON, so the signature after
+// it is not read.
+func parsePIA(r io.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	var list struct {
+		Regions []struct {
+			Servers map[string][]struct {
+				IP string `json:"ip"`
+			} `json:"servers"`
+		} `json:"regions"`
+	}
+
+	err := json.NewDecoder(r).Decode(&list)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var texts []string
+
+	for _, region := range list.Regions {
+		for _, servers := range region.Servers {
+			for _, server := range servers {
+				texts = append(texts, server.IP)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return addressSet(texts)
+}
+
+// parseIVPN returns the addresses of the hosts in an IVPN document. A host's
+// ipv6 object holds only an address inside the VPN, so it is not read.
+func parseIVPN(r io.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	type gateway struct {
+		Hosts []struct {
+			Host  string `json:"host"`
+			V2Ray string `json:"v2ray"`
+		} `json:"hosts"`
+	}
+
+	var list struct {
+		WireGuard []gateway `json:"wireguard"`
+		OpenVPN   []gateway `json:"openvpn"`
+	}
+
+	err := readJSON(r, &list)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var texts []string
+
+	for _, gw := range slices.Concat(list.WireGuard, list.OpenVPN) {
+		for _, host := range gw.Hosts {
+			texts = append(texts, host.Host, host.V2Ray)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return addressSet(texts)
+}
+
+// readJSON reads r to its end and decodes it, as one JSON document, into v.
+func readJSON(r io.Reader, v any) error {
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return json.Unmarshal(data, v)
+}
+
+// addressSet returns the set of the addresses in texts, skipping empty ones.
+// A list with no addresses fails, because every VPN service has servers.
+func addressSet(texts []string) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
+
+	for _, text := range texts {
+		if text == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		err := addAddress(&builder, text)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	addresses, err := builder.IPSet()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if len(addresses.Ranges()) == 0 {
+		return nil, errNoAddresses
+	}
+
+	return addresses, nil
+}
+
+// addAddress adds an address, such as 192.0.2.1, to builder.
+func addAddress(builder *netipx.IPSetBuilder, text string) error {
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(text)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	builder.Add(addr)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// addAddressWithPort adds the address of text, such as 192.0.2.1:443 or
+// [2001:db8::1]:443, to builder. Onionoo allows a list of ports after the
+// address, so the part after the address is not read.
+func addAddressWithPort(builder *netipx.IPSetBuilder, text string) error {
+	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(text)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return addAddress(builder, host)
+}

internal/routewatch/app.go

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/blocklist"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/config"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/database"
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/iplist"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/logger"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/metrics"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/routetable"
@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ type RouteWatch struct {
 	peeringHandler *PeeringHandler
 	asnFetcher     *ASNFetcher
 	dbMaintainer   *DBMaintainer
-	blocklists     *blocklist.Blocklists
+	ipLists        *iplist.IPLists
 }
 
-// blocklistsDirName is the directory in the state directory that holds the
+// ipListsDirName is the directory in the state directory that holds the IP
-// blocklist copies.
+// list copies.
-const blocklistsDirName = "blocklists"
+const ipListsDirName = "iplists"
 
 // New creates a new RouteWatch instance
 func New(deps Dependencies) *RouteWatch {
@@ -138,17 +138,17 @@ func (rw *RouteWatch) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	rw.asnFetcher.Start(ctx)
 	rw.server.SetASNFetcher(rw.asnFetcher)
 
-	// Load the blocklist copies from disk and start downloading the lists.
+	// Load the IP list copies from disk and start downloading the lists.
-	// The HTTP handlers read the server's blocklists without a lock, so they
+	// The HTTP handlers read the server's IP lists without a lock, so they
 	// are set before the handlers run.
-	blocklists := blocklist.New(blocklist.Params{
+	ipLists := iplist.New(iplist.Params{
-		Dir:    filepath.Join(rw.config.StateDir, blocklistsDirName),
+		Dir:    filepath.Join(rw.config.StateDir, ipListsDirName),
-		Lists:  blocklist.Lists(),
+		Lists:  iplist.Lists(),
 		Logger: rw.logger.Logger,
 	})
-	blocklists.Start(ctx)
+	ipLists.Start(ctx)
-	rw.blocklists = blocklists
+	rw.ipLists = ipLists
-	rw.server.SetBlocklists(blocklists)
+	rw.server.SetIPLists(ipLists)
 
 	// Start HTTP server
 	err = rw.server.Start(ctx)
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ func (rw *RouteWatch) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 // Shutdown stops all services in order: the streamer, the handlers, which
 // write what they hold, the WHOIS fetcher, the database maintainer, the
-// blocklist downloads and the HTTP server, and last the database, which it
+// IP list downloads and the HTTP server, and last the database, which it
 // checkpoints and closes. Each stage waits at most until ctx ends, so
 // Shutdown returns soon after: a handler logs what it could not write by
 // then, and the HTTP server closes the connections of requests still
@@ -219,8 +219,8 @@ func (rw *RouteWatch) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) {
 		rw.dbMaintainer.Stop(ctx)
 	}
 
-	if rw.blocklists != nil {
+	if rw.ipLists != nil {
-		rw.blocklists.Stop(ctx)
+		rw.ipLists.Stop(ctx)
 	}
 
 	err := rw.server.Stop(ctx)

internal/routewatch/app_integration_internal_test.go

@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ func TestRouteWatchLiveFeed(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create streamer
 	s := streamer.New(logger, metricsTracker)
 
-	// The state directory holds the blocklist copies Run downloads.
+	// The state directory holds the IP list copies Run downloads.
 	cfg := &config.Config{
 		StateDir:                    t.TempDir(),
 		MaxRuntime:                  5 * time.Second,

internal/server/handlers.go

@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/blocklist"
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/bogon"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/database"
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/iplist"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/metrics"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/ristypes"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/routetable"
@@ -765,9 +766,12 @@ type IPLookupResponse struct {
 	Errors  []string         `json:"errors,omitempty"`
 }
 
-// IPLookupResult is the answer for one address: its PTR names, its live route
+// IPLookupResult is the answer for one address: its PTR names, its flags, its
-// and that route's AS, and the blocklists that list it. Every result has every
+// live route and that route's AS, and the IP lists that contain it. Every
-// field. The fields of IPInfo are null when the address has no live route.
+// result has every field. The fields of IPInfo are null when the address has
+// no live route.
+//
+//nolint:tagliatelle // snake_case keys, as the Go style guide asks
 type IPLookupResult struct {
 	IPInfo
 
@@ -775,8 +779,29 @@ type IPLookupResult struct {
 	// PTR is empty, never nil, when the address has no PTR names.
 	PTR []string `json:"ptr"`
 
-	// Blocklists has one entry for each blocklist the address is on.
+	Flags IPLookupFlags `json:"flags"`
-	Blocklists []blocklist.Listing `json:"blocklists"`
+
+	// VPNProviders names the VPN lists the address is on. It is empty, never
+	// nil, when there are none.
+	VPNProviders []string `json:"vpn_providers"`
+
+	// IPLists has one entry for each IP list the address is on.
+	IPLists []iplist.Listing `json:"ip_lists"`
+}
+
+// IPLookupFlags are the yes-or-no facts about an address. Every result has
+// them, whether or not the address has a live route.
+//
+//nolint:tagliatelle // snake_case keys, as the Go style guide asks
+type IPLookupFlags struct {
+	// IsTor says that the address is on the Tor exit list.
+	IsTor bool `json:"is_tor"`
+
+	// IsVPN says that the address is on a list of VPN servers.
+	IsVPN bool `json:"is_vpn"`
+
+	// IsBogon says that the address is reserved, as package bogon tells.
+	IsBogon bool `json:"is_bogon"`
 }
 
 // handleIPInfo returns a handler that provides comprehensive IP information.
@@ -852,12 +877,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleIPInfo() http.HandlerFunc {
 				return
 			}
 
-			response.Results = append(response.Results, IPLookupResult{
+			response.Results = append(response.Results, s.ipLookupResult(ip, ptrs, ipInfo))
-				IP:         ip,
-				PTR:        ptrs,
-				IPInfo:     ipInfo,
-				Blocklists: s.blocklistListings(ip),
-			})
 
 			if ipInfo.NeedsWHOISRefresh {
 				refreshASNs[*ipInfo.ASN] = true
@@ -958,23 +978,80 @@ func ipVersionOf(prefix netip.Prefix) int {
 	return ipVersionV6
 }
 
-// blocklistListings returns the blocklists that list ip. It returns an empty
+// ipLookupResult returns the result for ip, adding its flags and IP lists to
-// list, never nil, so that an answer's blocklists is [] rather than null.
+// its PTR names and route.
-func (s *Server) blocklistListings(ip string) []blocklist.Listing {
+func (s *Server) ipLookupResult(ip string, ptrs []string, info IPInfo) IPLookupResult {
-	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ip)
+	listings := s.ipListListings(ip)
-	if s.blocklists == nil || err != nil {
+
-		return []blocklist.Listing{}
+	return IPLookupResult{
+		IP:           ip,
+		PTR:          ptrs,
+		IPInfo:       info,
+		Flags:        ipLookupFlags(ip, listings),
+		VPNProviders: vpnProviders(listings),
+		IPLists:      listings,
+	}
 }
 
-	return s.blocklists.Lookup(addr)
+// vpnProviders returns the names of the VPN lists among listings. It returns
+// an empty list, never nil, so that an answer's vpn_providers is [] rather
+// than null.
+func vpnProviders(listings []iplist.Listing) []string {
+	names := []string{}
+
+	for _, listing := range listings {
+		if listing.VPN {
+			names = append(names, listing.Name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return names
+}
+
+// ipListListings returns the IP lists that contain ip. It returns an empty
+// list, never nil, so that an answer's ip_lists is [] rather than null.
+func (s *Server) ipListListings(ip string) []iplist.Listing {
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ip)
+	if s.ipLists == nil || err != nil {
+		return []iplist.Listing{}
+	}
+
+	return s.ipLists.Lookup(addr)
+}
+
+// ipLookupFlags returns the flags of ip, whose IP list entries are listings.
+func ipLookupFlags(ip string, listings []iplist.Listing) IPLookupFlags {
+	return IPLookupFlags{
+		IsTor: slices.ContainsFunc(listings, func(l iplist.Listing) bool {
+			return l.Name == iplist.TorExitsList
+		}),
+		IsVPN: slices.ContainsFunc(listings, func(l iplist.Listing) bool {
+			return l.VPN
+		}),
+		IsBogon: isBogon(ip),
+	}
+}
+
+// isBogon says whether the address ip is reserved. An IPv4 address written in
+// IPv6 form counts as the IPv4 address it holds.
+func isBogon(ip string) bool {
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ip)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	addr = addr.Unmap()
+	_, reserved := bogon.Prefix(netip.PrefixFrom(addr, addr.BitLen()))
+
+	return reserved
 }
 
 // setIPLookupCacheControl lets caches keep an IP lookup answer for the
-// shortest blocklist interval, the soonest a blocklist copy can change. The
+// shortest IP list interval, the soonest an IP list copy can change. The
 // answer about the caller's own address is private, so that a shared cache
-// does not give it to another caller. Without blocklists it sets nothing.
+// does not give it to another caller. Without IP lists it sets nothing.
 func (s *Server) setIPLookupCacheControl(w http.ResponseWriter, ownAddress bool) {
-	if s.blocklists == nil {
+	if s.ipLists == nil {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -983,7 +1060,7 @@ func (s *Server) setIPLookupCacheControl(w http.ResponseWriter, ownAddress bool)
 		visibility = cacheControlPrivate
 	}
 
-	maxAgeSeconds := int(s.blocklists.ShortestInterval().Seconds())
+	maxAgeSeconds := int(s.ipLists.ShortestInterval().Seconds())
 	w.Header().Set(cacheControlHeader,
 		visibility+cacheControlMaxAge+strconv.Itoa(maxAgeSeconds))
 }

internal/server/handlers_internal_test.go

@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/synctest"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/blocklist"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/config"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/database"
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/iplist"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/logger"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/metrics"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/ristypes"
@@ -173,6 +174,9 @@ type tableStats struct {
 // carried 203.0.113.0/24, the two with kept routes withdrew it, so its origin
 // keeps no route. The oldest and newest routes are those of the other two
 // prefixes.
+//
+// The requests run in a synctest bubble, whose clock is fake, so a stall on
+// the host does not use up the handlers' 4-second limit.
 func TestStatsHandlersAnswerFromMemory(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -218,7 +222,11 @@ func TestStatsHandlersAnswerFromMemory(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for name, handler := range handlers {
 		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		handler(rec, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil))
+
+		synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+			handler(rec,
+				httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil))
+		})
 
 		if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
 			t.Errorf("%s: status %d, want %d; body %s",
@@ -253,15 +261,20 @@ func TestStatsHandlersAnswerFromMemory(t *testing.T) {
 // TestStatsAnswerCarriesChurnPerMinute checks that the stream object of the
 // /api/v1/stats answer holds route_churn_per_min as a whole number, and no
 // longer route_churn_per_sec, the moving average it replaces
-// (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/160).
+// (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/160). The request runs in a
+// synctest bubble, whose clock is fake, so a stall on the host does not use up
+// the handler's 4-second limit.
 func TestStatsAnswerCarriesChurnPerMinute(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	s := newServerWithTestRoutes(t)
 
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		s.handleStats()(rec,
 			httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, statsPath, nil))
+	})
 
 	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("status %d, want %d; body %s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body)
@@ -309,18 +322,26 @@ func (heldBackHandler) HeldBackCount() int                 { return heldBackMess
 
 // TestStatsAnswerGivesHowManyMessagesAHandlerHoldsBack registers a handler
 // that holds back messages. Its figures in /api/v1/stats, which the status
-// page shows, must give how many.
+// page shows, must give how many. The request runs in a synctest bubble, whose
+// clock is fake, so a stall on the host does not use up the handler's 4-second
+// limit.
 func TestStatsAnswerGivesHowManyMessagesAHandlerHoldsBack(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	s := newServerWithTestRoutes(t)
 	s.streamer.RegisterHandler(heldBackHandler{})
 
+	var answer []byte
+
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		answer = get(t, s, statsPath).Body.Bytes()
+	})
+
 	var body struct {
 		Data StatsResponse `json:"data"`
 	}
 
-	err := json.Unmarshal(get(t, s, statsPath).Body.Bytes(), &body)
+	err := json.Unmarshal(answer, &body)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("decoding the answer: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -364,7 +385,9 @@ type unitStats struct {
 // names. They used to be strings with the unit in them, such as "1h18m34s" or
 // "1.1 GB" (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/199). The stream has
 // never connected, so the uptime is 0. The memory use in /api/v1/stats is the
-// same number of bytes as its gc.heap_alloc_bytes.
+// same number of bytes as its gc.heap_alloc_bytes. The requests run in a
+// synctest bubble, whose clock is fake, so a stall on the host does not use up
+// the handlers' 4-second limit.
 func TestStatsAnswersGiveUnitsInFieldNames(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -374,7 +397,11 @@ func TestStatsAnswersGiveUnitsInFieldNames(t *testing.T) {
 	s.SetASNFetcher(fixedIntervalASNFetcher{interval: fetchInterval})
 
 	for _, path := range []string{statusJSONPath, statsPath} {
-		answer := get(t, s, path).Body.Bytes()
+		var answer []byte
+
+		synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+			answer = get(t, s, path).Body.Bytes()
+		})
 
 		var body struct {
 			Data unitStats `json:"data"`
@@ -415,12 +442,15 @@ func TestStatsAnswersGiveUnitsInFieldNames(t *testing.T) {
 // connection_duration_seconds of /api/v1/stats is null while the stream is not
 // connected, and a whole number of seconds once it is. It used to be the
 // string "disconnected", or a Go duration such as "1h18m34s"
-// (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/199).
+// (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/199). The test runs in a
+// synctest bubble, whose clock is fake, so a stall on the host does not use up
+// the handler's 4-second limit.
 func TestStatsAnswerGivesConnectionDurationInSeconds(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	s := newServerWithTestRoutes(t)
 
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		connectionDuration := func() json.RawMessage {
 			answer := get(t, s, statsPath).Body.Bytes()
 
@@ -458,15 +488,18 @@ func TestStatsAnswerGivesConnectionDurationInSeconds(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("just connected: connection_duration_seconds = %s, want 0",
 				connected)
 		}
+	})
 }
 
 // TestStreamDurationsCountSeconds checks that the uptime and the connection
 // duration of a stream that connected 90 seconds ago are both 90. A stream
 // that has never connected has an uptime of 0, and one that is not connected
-// has no connection duration.
+// has no connection duration. The test runs in a synctest bubble, whose clock
+// is fake, so a stall on the host does not add to the 90 seconds.
 func TestStreamDurationsCountSeconds(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		const connectedFor = 90 * time.Second
 
 		connectedSince := time.Now().Add(-connectedFor)
@@ -491,6 +524,7 @@ func TestStreamDurationsCountSeconds(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("connectionDurationSeconds while not connected = %d, want nil",
 				*got)
 		}
+	})
 }
 
 // newTestTable returns a routing table that holds a route for testPrefixV4,
@@ -1134,7 +1168,9 @@ func (failingDB) GetPrefixFirstSeen(
 // with the driver's error text. It also sends a prefix that does not parse.
 // No answer may carry the driver's or the prefix parser's text. Before the fix
 // the answers sent it to the client
-// (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/108).
+// (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/108). The requests run in a
+// synctest bubble, whose clock is fake, so a stall on the host does not use up
+// the stats handlers' 4-second limit.
 func TestJSONRoutesDoNotSendErrorDetails(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -1155,8 +1191,11 @@ func TestJSONRoutesDoNotSendErrorDetails(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+		synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 			s.router.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 				t.Context(), http.MethodGet, tt.path, nil))
+		})
 
 		if rec.Code != tt.wantCode {
 			t.Errorf("%s: status %d, want %d; body %s",
@@ -1397,8 +1436,11 @@ func TestIPLookupKeepsRouteWhenPTRLookupDoesNotAnswer(t *testing.T) {
 	s := newServerWithTestRoutes(t)
 	s.resolver = &fakeResolver{ptrNeverAnswers: true}
 
-	// The request's time limit passes after the PTR lookup's.
+	// The request's time limit passes well after the PTR lookup's, so that a
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), 2*ptrLookupTimeout)
+	// stall on a busy host does not use up the difference.
+	const requestTimeLimit = ptrLookupTimeout + 15*time.Second
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), requestTimeLimit)
 	defer cancel()
 
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -1428,50 +1470,192 @@ func TestIPLookupKeepsRouteWhenPTRLookupDoesNotAnswer(t *testing.T) {
 // newServerWithTestRoutes stores a route for.
 const addrInTestPrefixV6 = "2001:db8::1"
 
-// testBlocklistInterval is fakeBlocklists' shortest interval.
+// testIPListInterval is fakeIPLists' shortest interval.
-const testBlocklistInterval = 15 * time.Minute
+const testIPListInterval = 15 * time.Minute
 
 // ownAddressPath is the IP lookup of the caller's own address.
 const ownAddressPath = "/ip/"
 
-// listedUnroutedAddr is an address that fakeBlocklists lists, outside the
+// listedUnroutedAddr is an address that fakeIPLists lists, outside the routes
-// routes newServerWithTestRoutes stores.
+// newServerWithTestRoutes stores.
 const listedUnroutedAddr = "203.0.113.1"
 
-// fakeBlocklists has one list, which lists addrInTestPrefixV4 and
+// torExitAddr is the address that fakeIPLists lists on the Tor exit list.
-// listedUnroutedAddr and no other address.
+const torExitAddr = "203.0.113.2"
-type fakeBlocklists struct{}
 
-func testListing() blocklist.Listing {
+// The addresses that fakeIPLists lists on one and on two VPN lists, and the
-	return blocklist.Listing{
+// names of those lists.
+const (
+	oneVPNListAddr  = "203.0.113.3"
+	twoVPNListsAddr = "203.0.113.4"
+	testVPNList     = "test_vpn"
+	otherTestVPN    = "other_test_vpn"
+)
+
+// fakeIPLists has four lists. The test list holds addrInTestPrefixV4,
+// listedUnroutedAddr and twoVPNListsAddr. The Tor exit list holds torExitAddr.
+// The test VPN list holds oneVPNListAddr and twoVPNListsAddr, and the other
+// test VPN list holds twoVPNListsAddr.
+type fakeIPLists struct{}
+
+func testListing() iplist.Listing {
+	return iplist.Listing{
 		Name:        "test_list",
 		Description: "On the test list",
 		Updated:     time.Date(2026, 10, 27, 4, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 	}
 }
 
-func (fakeBlocklists) Lookup(addr netip.Addr) []blocklist.Listing {
+func (fakeIPLists) Lookup(addr netip.Addr) []iplist.Listing {
 	if addr == netip.MustParseAddr(addrInTestPrefixV4) ||
 		addr == netip.MustParseAddr(listedUnroutedAddr) {
-		return []blocklist.Listing{testListing()}
+		return []iplist.Listing{testListing()}
 	}
 
-	return []blocklist.Listing{}
+	if addr == netip.MustParseAddr(torExitAddr) {
+		return []iplist.Listing{{Name: iplist.TorExitsList}}
 	}
 
-func (fakeBlocklists) ShortestInterval() time.Duration {
+	if addr == netip.MustParseAddr(oneVPNListAddr) {
-	return testBlocklistInterval
+		return []iplist.Listing{{Name: testVPNList, VPN: true}}
 	}
 
-// TestIPLookupReportsBlocklists looks up two routed addresses, one of them on
+	if addr == netip.MustParseAddr(twoVPNListsAddr) {
-// a blocklist. The listed address's result names the list, says what it means
+		return []iplist.Listing{
-// and when it was updated. The other's result has an empty list.
+			{Name: otherTestVPN, VPN: true},
-func TestIPLookupReportsBlocklists(t *testing.T) {
+			testListing(),
+			{Name: testVPNList, VPN: true},
+		}
+	}
+
+	return []iplist.Listing{}
+}
+
+func (fakeIPLists) ShortestInterval() time.Duration {
+	return testIPListInterval
+}
+
+// TestIPLookupFlags looks up addresses with and without a route. Every result
+// has every flag, under the JSON keys the API documents.
+func TestIPLookupFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	s := newServerWithTestRoutes(t)
 	s.resolver = &fakeResolver{}
-	s.SetBlocklists(fakeBlocklists{})
+	s.SetIPLists(fakeIPLists{})
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		addr  string
+		tor   bool
+		bogon bool
+	}{
+		{"on the Tor exit list", torExitAddr, true, true},
+		{"on another list", listedUnroutedAddr, false, true},
+		{"routed IPv4", addrInTestPrefixV4, false, true},
+		{"routed IPv6", addrInTestPrefixV6, false, true},
+		{"private IPv4", "10.0.0.1", false, true},
+		{"loopback IPv4", "127.0.0.1", false, true},
+		{"public IPv4", "1.1.1.1", false, false},
+		{"private IPv6", "fd00::1", false, true},
+		{"loopback IPv6", "::1", false, true},
+		{"public IPv6", "2606:4700:4700::1111", false, false},
+		{"public IPv4 in IPv6 form", "::ffff:1.1.1.1", false, false},
+		{"private IPv4 in IPv6 form", "::ffff:10.0.0.1", false, true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			path := "/api/v1/ip/" + tt.addr
+
+			results := resultFields(t, get(t, s, path).Body.Bytes())
+			if len(results) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("%s: %d results, want 1", path, len(results))
+			}
+
+			var got map[string]bool
+
+			err := json.Unmarshal(results[0]["flags"], &got)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("%s: decoding flags %s: %v", path, results[0]["flags"], err)
+			}
+
+			want := map[string]bool{
+				"is_tor": tt.tor, "is_vpn": false, "is_bogon": tt.bogon,
+			}
+			if !maps.Equal(got, want) {
+				t.Errorf("%s: flags %v, want %v", path, got, want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestIPLookupReportsVPNProviders looks up addresses on no list, on a list
+// that is not a VPN list, on one VPN list and on two. is_vpn says whether any
+// VPN list holds the address, and vpn_providers names only those lists. An
+// address on none has [], not null.
+func TestIPLookupReportsVPNProviders(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	s := newServerWithTestRoutes(t)
+	s.resolver = &fakeResolver{}
+	s.SetIPLists(fakeIPLists{})
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		addr      string
+		isVPN     string
+		providers string
+	}{
+		{"on no list", "1.1.1.1", "false", `[]`},
+		{"on a list that is not a VPN list", listedUnroutedAddr, "false", `[]`},
+		{"on one VPN list", oneVPNListAddr, "true", `["` + testVPNList + `"]`},
+		{
+			"on two VPN lists", twoVPNListsAddr, "true",
+			`["` + otherTestVPN + `","` + testVPNList + `"]`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			path := "/api/v1/ip/" + tt.addr
+
+			results := resultFields(t, get(t, s, path).Body.Bytes())
+			if len(results) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("%s: %d results, want 1", path, len(results))
+			}
+
+			var flags map[string]json.RawMessage
+
+			err := json.Unmarshal(results[0]["flags"], &flags)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("%s: decoding flags %s: %v", path, results[0]["flags"], err)
+			}
+
+			if got := string(flags["is_vpn"]); got != tt.isVPN {
+				t.Errorf("%s: is_vpn %s, want %s", path, got, tt.isVPN)
+			}
+
+			if got := string(results[0]["vpn_providers"]); got != tt.providers {
+				t.Errorf("%s: vpn_providers %s, want %s", path, got, tt.providers)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestIPLookupReportsIPLists looks up two routed addresses, one of them on an
+// IP list. The listed address's result names the list, says what it means and
+// when it was updated. The other's result has an empty list.
+func TestIPLookupReportsIPLists(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	s := newServerWithTestRoutes(t)
+	s.resolver = &fakeResolver{}
+	s.SetIPLists(fakeIPLists{})
 
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	s.router.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(),
@@ -1498,15 +1682,15 @@ func TestIPLookupReportsBlocklists(t *testing.T) {
 
 	want := testListing()
 
-	listed := results[0].Blocklists
+	listed := results[0].IPLists
 	if len(listed) != 1 || listed[0].Name != want.Name ||
 		listed[0].Description != want.Description ||
 		!listed[0].Updated.Equal(want.Updated) {
-		t.Errorf("%s: blocklists %+v, want [%+v]", results[0].IP, listed, want)
+		t.Errorf("%s: ip_lists %+v, want [%+v]", results[0].IP, listed, want)
 	}
 
-	if !strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), `"blocklists":[]`) {
+	if !strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), `"ip_lists":[]`) {
-		t.Errorf("answer %s, want an empty blocklists list for %s",
+		t.Errorf("answer %s, want an empty ip_lists list for %s",
 			rec.Body, addrInTestPrefixV6)
 	}
 }
@@ -1536,20 +1720,19 @@ func resultFields(t *testing.T, answer []byte) []map[string]json.RawMessage {
 	return body.Data.Results
 }
 
-// TestIPLookupReportsBlocklistsOfAnAddressWithNoRoute looks up a listed
+// TestIPLookupReportsIPListsOfAnAddressWithNoRoute looks up a listed address
-// address that has no live route, alone and beside a routed address. Each
+// that has no live route, alone and beside a routed address. Each answer is
-// answer is 200 and has a result for the address, with its blocklists and
+// 200 and has a result for the address, with its IP lists and every route
-// every route field set to null. Before the fix the lookup of that address
+// field set to null. Before the fix the lookup of that address alone answered
-// alone answered 404, and beside a routed address it was only named in
+// 404, and beside a routed address it was only named in errors, so its IP
-// errors, so its blocklists were never reported. After that fix the result
+// lists were never reported. After that fix the result still left out the
-// still left out the route fields
+// route fields (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/200).
-// (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/200).
+func TestIPLookupReportsIPListsOfAnAddressWithNoRoute(t *testing.T) {
-func TestIPLookupReportsBlocklistsOfAnAddressWithNoRoute(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	s := newServerWithTestRoutes(t)
 	s.resolver = &fakeResolver{}
-	s.SetBlocklists(fakeBlocklists{})
+	s.SetIPLists(fakeIPLists{})
 
 	// routeFields are the fields of a result that come from the address's
 	// route and that route's origin AS.
@@ -1605,10 +1788,10 @@ func TestIPLookupReportsBlocklistsOfAnAddressWithNoRoute(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		result := body.Data.Results[i]
-		if len(result.Blocklists) != 1 ||
+		if len(result.IPLists) != 1 ||
-			result.Blocklists[0].Name != testListing().Name {
+			result.IPLists[0].Name != testListing().Name {
-			t.Errorf("%s: blocklists %+v, want [%+v]",
+			t.Errorf("%s: ip_lists %+v, want [%+v]",
-				target, result.Blocklists, testListing())
+				target, result.IPLists, testListing())
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1629,7 +1812,7 @@ func TestIPLookupResultsHaveTheSameFields(t *testing.T) {
 	s.resolver = &fakeResolver{hosts: map[string][]string{
 		twoAddressHostName: {addrInTestPrefixV4, listedUnroutedAddr},
 	}}
-	s.SetBlocklists(fakeBlocklists{})
+	s.SetIPLists(fakeIPLists{})
 
 	// want is the fields of the first result.
 	var want []string
@@ -1684,7 +1867,7 @@ func TestIPLookupOfAnAddressWithoutPTRNamesOrStoredNetblock(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TestIPLookupAnswersMayBeCached checks the Cache-Control header of the IP
-// lookup answers. Caches may keep them for the blocklists' shortest interval,
+// lookup answers. Caches may keep them for the IP lists' shortest interval,
 // and only the caller's own browser may keep the answer about the caller's
 // own address.
 func TestIPLookupAnswersMayBeCached(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1692,7 +1875,7 @@ func TestIPLookupAnswersMayBeCached(t *testing.T) {
 
 	s := newServerWithTestRoutes(t)
 	s.resolver = &fakeResolver{}
-	s.SetBlocklists(fakeBlocklists{})
+	s.SetIPLists(fakeIPLists{})
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		path string
@@ -2226,9 +2409,13 @@ func settledGoroutineCount() int {
 	return prev
 }
 
-// waitForGoroutines waits until the goroutine count drops to target or below.
+// waitForGoroutines waits up to 15 seconds for the goroutine count to drop to
+// target or below.
 func waitForGoroutines(target int) bool {
-	for range 100 {
+	const maxWait = 15 * time.Second
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(maxWait)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
 		if runtime.NumGoroutine() <= target {
 			return true
 		}

internal/server/home_internal_test.go

@@ -76,7 +76,9 @@ func asLink(asn int) string {
 }
 
 // TestHomePageCardsShowTheTableFigures fills a routing table and the asns
-// table, works out the cards, and checks that each card shows its figure.
+// table, works out the cards, and checks that each card shows its figure. The
+// cards are worked out in a synctest bubble, whose clock is fake, so a stall on
+// the host does not use up the 4-second limit on their database read.
 func TestHomePageCardsShowTheTableFigures(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -95,7 +97,9 @@ func TestHomePageCardsShowTheTableFigures(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("GetOrCreateASNBatch: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		s.refreshHomeCards(t.Context())
+	})
 
 	page := get(t, s, "/").Body.String()
 
@@ -279,7 +283,7 @@ func TestKeepHomeCardsFreshWorksThemOutEveryInterval(t *testing.T) {
 
 	const (
 		interval = 10 * time.Millisecond
-		maxWait  = 5 * time.Second
+		maxWait  = 15 * time.Second
 	)
 
 	table := emptyTable()
@@ -321,7 +325,7 @@ func TestKeepHomeCardsFreshWorksThemOutEveryInterval(t *testing.T) {
 func TestStartedServerWorksOutTheCards(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	const maxWait = 5 * time.Second
+	const maxWait = 15 * time.Second
 
 	s := newServerWithTable(t, newCardsTable())
 

internal/server/middleware_internal_test.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/synctest"
 	"time"
 
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/config"
@@ -163,6 +164,10 @@ func TestJSONAnswersPutNoUnitInAString(t *testing.T) {
 // router and the middleware write. Before the fix a panic in a handler, and a
 // method /status.json or the health check does not take, answered with an
 // empty body (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/201).
+//
+// The requests run in a synctest bubble, whose clock is fake, so a stall on
+// the host does not use up the 2-second limit of the health check or the
+// 4-second limit of the stats handlers.
 func TestJSONAnswersCarryMeta(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -181,6 +186,10 @@ func TestJSONAnswersCarryMeta(t *testing.T) {
 	s.router.Get(panicsPath, JSONValidationMiddleware(http.HandlerFunc(
 		func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) { panic(errDiskIO) })).ServeHTTP)
 
+	failing := New(failingDB{}, newTestTable(),
+		streamer.New(logger.New(), metrics.New()), logger.New(), &config.Config{})
+	failing.resolver = &fakeResolver{}
+
 	tests := []struct {
 		method   string
 		path     string
@@ -216,14 +225,15 @@ func TestJSONAnswersCarryMeta(t *testing.T) {
 		{http.MethodGet, panicsPath, http.StatusInternalServerError},
 	}
 
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		for _, tt := range tests {
 			checkAnswerCarriesMeta(t, s, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 				t.Context(), tt.method, tt.path, nil), tt.wantCode)
 		}
 
-	// A request whose time limit has already passed answers 504. The handlers
+		// A request whose time limit has already passed answers 504. The
-	// write the answers of the first five routes, and the JSON check on the
+		// handlers write the answers of the first five routes, and the JSON
-	// route writes the last.
+		// check on the route writes the last.
 		pastTimeLimit, cancel := context.WithDeadline(t.Context(), time.Now())
 		defer cancel()
 
@@ -235,12 +245,8 @@ func TestJSONAnswersCarryMeta(t *testing.T) {
 				pastTimeLimit, http.MethodGet, path, nil), http.StatusGatewayTimeout)
 		}
 
-	// With a store whose reads fail, the health check answers 503, and the
+		// With a store whose reads fail, the health check answers 503, and
-	// handlers of the other routes 500.
+		// the handlers of the other routes 500.
-	failing := New(failingDB{}, newTestTable(),
-		streamer.New(logger.New(), metrics.New()), logger.New(), &config.Config{})
-	failing.resolver = &fakeResolver{}
-
 		checkAnswerCarriesMeta(t, failing, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 			t.Context(), http.MethodGet, healthCheckPath, nil),
 			http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
@@ -252,6 +258,7 @@ func TestJSONAnswersCarryMeta(t *testing.T) {
 			checkAnswerCarriesMeta(t, failing, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 				t.Context(), http.MethodGet, path, nil), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
+	})
 }
 
 // checkAnswerCarriesMeta serves req through the server's router, and checks

internal/server/routes_internal_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/synctest"
 )
 
 // TestRoutesAnswerHEAD sends HEAD for a page and JSON routes through the
@@ -12,15 +13,23 @@ import (
 // lookup of the caller's own address, are in the list because chi's GetHead
 // does not reach them. Before the fix every route answered HEAD with 405
 // (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/issues/111).
+//
+// The requests run in a synctest bubble, whose clock is fake, so a stall on
+// the host does not use up the stats handlers' 4-second limit. The resolver
+// is fake because no time limit would cut off a real DNS lookup in a bubble.
 func TestRoutesAnswerHEAD(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	s := newServerWithTestRoutes(t)
+	s.resolver = &fakeResolver{}
 
 	for _, path := range []string{"/", statusJSONPath, statsPath, "/ip", "/ip/"} {
 		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+		synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 			s.router.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequestWithContext(
 				t.Context(), http.MethodHead, path, nil))
+		})
 
 		if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
 			t.Errorf("HEAD %s: status %d, want %d; body %s",

internal/server/server.go

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/blocklist"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/config"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/database"
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/iplist"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/logger"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/routetable"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/streamer"
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ type ASNFetcher interface {
 	GetStats() ASNFetcherStats
 }
 
-// Blocklists tells which public blocklists list an address, from copies it
+// IPLists tells which public IP lists contain an address, from copies it keeps
-// keeps in memory, as *blocklist.Blocklists does.
+// in memory, as *iplist.IPLists does.
-type Blocklists interface {
+type IPLists interface {
-	Lookup(addr netip.Addr) []blocklist.Listing
+	Lookup(addr netip.Addr) []iplist.Listing
 	ShortestInterval() time.Duration
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ type Server struct {
 	port       int
 	srv        *http.Server
 	asnFetcher ASNFetcher
-	blocklists Blocklists
+	ipLists    IPLists
 
 	// trustedProxies are the reverse proxies whose X-Forwarded-For header
 	// RealIPMiddleware believes
@@ -202,8 +202,8 @@ func (s *Server) SetASNFetcher(fetcher ASNFetcher) {
 	s.asnFetcher = fetcher
 }
 
-// SetBlocklists sets the blocklists the IP lookups report. Call it before
+// SetIPLists sets the IP lists the IP lookups report. Call it before Start:
-// Start: the handlers read the blocklists without a lock.
+// the handlers read the IP lists without a lock.
-func (s *Server) SetBlocklists(blocklists Blocklists) {
+func (s *Server) SetIPLists(ipLists IPLists) {
-	s.blocklists = blocklists
+	s.ipLists = ipLists
 }

internal/server/server_internal_test.go

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ func TestStopClosesTheConnectionOfARequestStillRunning(t *testing.T) {
 		stopDeadline = 100 * time.Millisecond
 		// waitTimeout is how long the test waits for the request to reach
 		// the handler, and then for the client to see its connection closed.
-		waitTimeout = 2 * time.Second
+		waitTimeout = 15 * time.Second
 		// readHeaderTimeout bounds the test server's read of the request
 		// header, as every http.Server must.
-		readHeaderTimeout = time.Second
+		readHeaderTimeout = waitTimeout
 	)
 
 	release := make(chan struct{})

internal/streamer/streamer_internal_test.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/synctest"
 	"time"
 
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/routewatch/internal/logger"
@@ -398,7 +399,7 @@ func TestStopQueuesTheHeldStateMessages(t *testing.T) {
 	const (
 		held    = 2
 		lines   = held + 1
-		maxWait = 5 * time.Second
+		maxWait = 15 * time.Second
 	)
 
 	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
@@ -478,15 +479,15 @@ func TestStopQueuesTheHeldStateMessages(t *testing.T) {
 // TestStopReturnsByItsDeadline stops a streamer whose handler has a full queue
 // and a STATE message held for it, and a worker that stays busy until the test
 // ends, as one does whose handler waits for a database write. Stop must return
-// within its deadline plus a small margin instead of waiting for room on the
+// within its deadline plus a margin instead of waiting for room on the queue
-// queue and for the worker, and log as not handed over the held message and
+// and for the worker, and log as not handed over the held message and every
-// every message on the queue.
+// message on the queue.
 func TestStopReturnsByItsDeadline(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	const (
 		deadline = 100 * time.Millisecond
-		margin   = 2 * time.Second
+		margin   = 15 * time.Second
 	)
 
 	var logs bytes.Buffer
@@ -577,7 +578,7 @@ func TestStopBeforeMessageReachesQueues(t *testing.T) {
 func TestReconnectWhenStreamEnds(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	endResponse := func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {}
+	endResponse := pipeTransport{write: func(context.Context, io.Writer) {}}
 	checkReconnect(t, endResponse, streamIdleTimeout)
 }
 
@@ -589,9 +590,8 @@ func TestReconnectWhenStreamGoesIdle(t *testing.T) {
 
 	const idleTimeout = 50 * time.Millisecond
 
-	holdResponse := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	holdResponse := pipeTransport{
-		flush(w)
+		write: func(ctx context.Context, _ io.Writer) { <-ctx.Done() },
-		<-r.Context().Done()
 	}
 	checkReconnect(t, holdResponse, idleTimeout)
 }
@@ -604,16 +604,51 @@ func TestReconnectWhenServerNeverAnswers(t *testing.T) {
 
 	const idleTimeout = 50 * time.Millisecond
 
-	neverAnswer := func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	neverAnswer := roundTripFunc(
-		<-r.Context().Done()
+		func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	}
+			<-req.Context().Done()
+
+			return nil, req.Context().Err()
+		},
+	)
 	checkReconnect(t, neverAnswer, idleTimeout)
 }
 
-// TestStreamNotDroppedWhileLinesArrive has the server send lines well within
+// pipeTransport answers every request with a response whose body write fills.
-// the idle timeout for several times the timeout, then end the response. Each
+// The body fails when the request's context ends, as a connection's does.
-// line must start the idle timeout over, so the stream lasts until the server
+// write gets that context, so that it can end when the request does.
-// ends it instead of being dropped as idle.
+type pipeTransport struct {
+	write func(context.Context, io.Writer)
+}
+
+func (p pipeTransport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	body, w := io.Pipe()
+
+	context.AfterFunc(req.Context(), func() {
+		_ = w.CloseWithError(req.Context().Err())
+	})
+
+	go func(ctx context.Context) {
+		p.write(ctx, w)
+
+		_ = w.Close()
+	}(req.Context())
+
+	return &http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusOK, Body: body}, nil
+}
+
+// roundTripFunc makes a function an http.RoundTripper.
+type roundTripFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripFunc) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return f(req)
+}
+
+// TestStreamNotDroppedWhileLinesArrive has a response send lines well within
+// the idle timeout for several times the timeout, then end. Each line must
+// start the idle timeout over, so the stream lasts until the response ends
+// instead of being dropped as idle. It runs in a synctest bubble, whose clock
+// is fake, so a stall on the host does not use up the timeout.
 func TestStreamNotDroppedWhileLinesArrive(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -623,26 +658,35 @@ func TestStreamNotDroppedWhileLinesArrive(t *testing.T) {
 		sendFor      = 5 * idleTimeout
 	)
 
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
+	// The streamer is made outside the bubble. Its metrics start a goroutine
-		func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+	// that never returns, and a bubble waits for each of its goroutines to
+	// return.
+	s := New(logger.New(), metrics.New())
+	s.idleTimeout = idleTimeout
+	s.client = &http.Client{Transport: pipeTransport{
+		write: func(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer) {
 			deadline := time.Now().Add(sendFor)
 			for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
 				_, _ = io.WriteString(w, updateLine)
 
-				flush(w)
+				// The wait ends with the stream. A bubble's clock stops when
-				time.Sleep(lineInterval)
+				// the test function returns, and a goroutine then still
+				// asleep panics the test binary.
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return
+				case <-time.After(lineInterval):
 				}
-		}))
+			}
-	defer srv.Close()
+		},
-
+	}}
-	s := New(logger.New(), metrics.New())
-	s.url = srv.URL
-	s.idleTimeout = idleTimeout
 
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		err := s.stream(context.Background())
 		if !errors.Is(err, errStreamEnded) {
 			t.Fatalf("stream returned %v, want %v", err, errStreamEnded)
 		}
+	})
 }
 
 // TestStreamReadsLongLine has the server send one UPDATE line of about
@@ -706,7 +750,7 @@ func TestHandlerStatsReadWhileMessagesAreDropped(t *testing.T) {
 	const (
 		lines       = 5
 		wantDropped = lines - 2
-		maxWait     = 5 * time.Second
+		maxWait     = 15 * time.Second
 	)
 
 	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
@@ -820,24 +864,38 @@ func streamLines(t *testing.T, s *Streamer, lines string) {
 // line and then stays open. The streamer must come back for a second
 // response, must not be marked connected when it does, and must handle the
 // UPDATE in it.
+//
+// It runs in a synctest bubble, whose clock is fake, so a stall on the host
+// does not use up the idle timeout. The fake server gets the requests in the
+// order the streamer makes them, because no real connection carries them.
 func checkReconnect(
-	t *testing.T, firstResponse http.HandlerFunc, idleTimeout time.Duration,
+	t *testing.T, firstResponse http.RoundTripper, idleTimeout time.Duration,
 ) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	const maxWait = 5 * time.Second
+	const maxWait = 15 * time.Second
 
+	// The tracker is made outside the bubble. It starts a goroutine that never
+	// returns, and a bubble waits for each of its goroutines to return.
 	tracker := metrics.New()
+
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		connectedAtReconnect := make(chan bool, 1)
+		laterResponse := pipeTransport{
+			write: func(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer) {
+				_, _ = io.WriteString(w, updateLine)
+
+				<-ctx.Done()
+			},
+		}
 
 		var requests atomic.Int32
 
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
+		s := New(logger.New(), tracker)
-		func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		s.client = &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(
+			func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 				if requests.Add(1) == 1 {
-				firstResponse(w, r)
+					return firstResponse.RoundTrip(req)
-
-				return
 				}
 
 				select {
@@ -845,15 +903,9 @@ func checkReconnect(
 				default:
 				}
 
-			_, _ = io.WriteString(w, updateLine)
+				return laterResponse.RoundTrip(req)
-
+			},
-			flush(w)
+		)}
-			<-r.Context().Done()
-		}))
-	defer srv.Close()
-
-	s := New(logger.New(), tracker)
-	s.url = srv.URL
 		s.idleTimeout = idleTimeout
 		s.minBackoff = time.Millisecond
 		handler := updateHandler{handled: make(chan struct{}, 1)}
@@ -875,6 +927,7 @@ func checkReconnect(
 			t.Error("streamer was still marked connected when it came back " +
 				"for a second response")
 		}
+	})
 }
 
 // settledGoroutineCount lets transient goroutines finish, then reports the
@@ -896,9 +949,13 @@ func settledGoroutineCount() int {
 	return prev
 }
 
-// waitForGoroutines waits until the goroutine count drops to target or below.
+// waitForGoroutines waits up to 15 seconds for the goroutine count to drop to
+// target or below.
 func waitForGoroutines(target int) bool {
-	for range 100 {
+	const maxWait = 15 * time.Second
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(maxWait)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
 		if runtime.NumGoroutine() <= target {
 			return true
 		}