Improve request logging and make health check lightweight

- Log slow requests (>1s) at WARNING level with slow=true flag
- Log request timeouts at WARNING level in TimeoutMiddleware
- Replace heavy GetStatsContext with lightweight Ping in health check
- Add Ping method to database interface (SELECT 1)

internal/database/database.go

@@ -1997,3 +1997,14 @@ func (d *Database) Checkpoint(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// Ping checks if the database connection is alive with a lightweight query.
+func (d *Database) Ping(ctx context.Context) error {
+	var result int
+	err := d.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT 1").Scan(&result)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("database ping failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

internal/database/interface.go

@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ type Store interface {
 	Vacuum(ctx context.Context) error
 	Analyze(ctx context.Context) error
 	Checkpoint(ctx context.Context) error
+	Ping(ctx context.Context) error
 }
 
 // Ensure Database implements Store

internal/routewatch/app_integration_test.go

@@ -420,6 +420,11 @@ func (m *mockStore) Checkpoint(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Ping mock implementation
+func (m *mockStore) Ping(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func TestRouteWatchLiveFeed(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Create mock database

internal/server/handlers.go

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ type HealthCheckResponse struct {
 
 // handleHealthCheck returns a handler that performs health checks.
 // Returns 200 if healthy, 503 if any check fails.
+// Uses lightweight checks to avoid timeout issues under load.
 func (s *Server) handleHealthCheck() http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), healthCheckTimeout)
@@ -45,13 +46,11 @@ func (s *Server) handleHealthCheck() http.HandlerFunc {
 		checks := make(map[string]string)
 		healthy := true
 
-		// Check database connectivity
+		// Check database connectivity with lightweight ping
-		dbStats, err := s.db.GetStatsContext(ctx)
+		err := s.db.Ping(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			checks["database"] = "error: " + err.Error()
 			healthy = false
-		} else if dbStats.ASNs == 0 && dbStats.Prefixes == 0 {
-			checks["database"] = "warning: empty database"
 		} else {
 			checks["database"] = "ok"
 		}

internal/server/middleware.go

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ func (tw *timeoutWriter) markWritten() {
 // The timeout parameter specifies the maximum duration allowed for request processing.
 // The returned middleware handles panics from the wrapped handler by re-panicking
 // after cleanup, and prevents concurrent writes to the response after timeout occurs.
-func TimeoutMiddleware(timeout time.Duration) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+func TimeoutMiddleware(timeout time.Duration, logger *slog.Logger) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			startTime := time.Now()
@@ -204,6 +204,14 @@ func TimeoutMiddleware(timeout time.Duration) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 				tw.markWritten() // Prevent the handler from writing after timeout
 				execTime := time.Since(startTime)
 
+				// Log the timeout as a warning
+				logger.Warn("Request timeout",
+					"method", r.Method,
+					"path", r.URL.Path,
+					"duration_ms", execTime.Milliseconds(),
+					"remote_addr", r.RemoteAddr,
+				)
+
 				// Write directly to the underlying writer since we've marked tw as written
 				// This is safe because markWritten() prevents the handler from writing
 				tw.mu.Lock()
@@ -350,10 +358,16 @@ func RequestLoggerMiddleware(logger *slog.Logger) func(http.Handler) http.Handle
 			// Log request completion
 			duration := time.Since(start)
 			logLevel := slog.LevelInfo
+
+			// Slow query threshold (1 second)
+			const slowQueryThreshold = 1 * time.Second
+
 			if sw.statusCode >= http.StatusInternalServerError {
 				logLevel = slog.LevelError
 			} else if sw.statusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest {
 				logLevel = slog.LevelWarn
+			} else if duration >= slowQueryThreshold {
+				logLevel = slog.LevelWarn
 			}
 
 			logger.Log(r.Context(), logLevel, "HTTP request completed",
@@ -362,6 +376,7 @@ func RequestLoggerMiddleware(logger *slog.Logger) func(http.Handler) http.Handle
 				"status", sw.statusCode,
 				"duration_ms", duration.Milliseconds(),
 				"remote_addr", r.RemoteAddr,
+				"slow", duration >= slowQueryThreshold,
 			)
 		})
 	}

internal/server/routes.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func (s *Server) setupRoutes() {
 	r.Use(RequestLoggerMiddleware(s.logger.Logger)) // Structured request logging
 	r.Use(middleware.Recoverer)
 	const requestTimeout = 30 * time.Second // Increased from 8s for slow queries
-	r.Use(TimeoutMiddleware(requestTimeout))
+	r.Use(TimeoutMiddleware(requestTimeout, s.logger.Logger))
 	r.Use(JSONResponseMiddleware)
 
 	// Routes