Move CLI commands into testable functions and test them (closes #12)

The command bodies in bin/quak.ts become functions in
src/cli-commands.ts that take their options and a context (output
streams, session directory, cache directory, session loader) and return
an exit code. bin/quak.ts wires them to commander and exits with that
code once stdout and stderr have drained; nothing below it calls
process.exit. test/cli/commands.test.ts drives the commands with a fake
client and temp directories. Output is unchanged.

Model: opus-5-5

TODO.md

@@ -18,6 +18,15 @@ Tag v1.0.0.
 
 # Completed Steps
 
+- 2026-09-23: Made the CLI testable and tested it (issue 12). The command bodies
+  moved from `bin/quak.ts` into `src/cli-commands.ts` as functions that take
+  their options and a context (output streams, session directory, cache
+  directory, session loader) and return an exit code; `bin/quak.ts` only wires
+  them to commander and exits with the code once stdout and stderr have drained,
+  so nothing below it calls `process.exit`. `test/cli/commands.test.ts` drives
+  them with a fake client: session file modes, logout, the missing and corrupt
+  session paths, and the output and exit code of `whoami`, `collections`,
+  `files`, `get`, `get-thumb`, `backup` and `helper list-missing-thumbnails`.
 - 2026-09-23: Hardened the backup tree's atomic copy (issue 22). `copyAtomic`
   fsyncs its temp file before the rename and the directory after it, through the
   download writer's `fsyncPath`; each backup run deletes `.quak-backup-*.tmp`

bin/quak.ts

@@ -1,62 +1,26 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 
-import { input, password as passwordPrompt } from "@inquirer/prompts";
 import { stdout, stderr } from "node:process";
-import { copyFileSync, existsSync, mkdirSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
-import { join } from "node:path";
 import { Command } from "commander";
 import envPaths from "env-paths";
-import { Client, type ClientSnapshot } from "../src/client.js";
 import { init } from "../src/crypto/index.js";
-import { Library, type LibraryClient } from "../src/library/index.js";
 import {
-    fileListRow,
+    type CliContext,
-    fileListLine,
+    loginCommand,
-    originalName,
+    whoamiCommand,
-    thumbnailName,
+    logoutCommand,
-} from "../src/cli-output.js";
+    collectionsCommand,
-import { freshCollections, freshFiles, freshFile } from "../src/cli-read.js";
+    filesCommand,
+    getCommand,
+    getThumbCommand,
+    backupMetadataCommand,
+    backupCommand,
+    listMissingThumbnailsCommand,
+    fixMissingThumbnailsCommand,
+} from "../src/cli-commands.js";
 import { loadSession } from "../src/cli-session.js";
-import { runMetadataBackup } from "../src/metadata-backup.js";
-import {
-    listMissingThumbnails,
-    fixMissingThumbnails,
-} from "../src/thumbnails.js";
 
 const paths = envPaths("quak", { suffix: "" });
-const sessionPath = join(paths.data, "session.json");
-
-const saveSession = (snapshot: ClientSnapshot): void => {
-    mkdirSync(paths.data, { recursive: true, mode: 0o700 });
-    writeFileSync(sessionPath, JSON.stringify(snapshot, null, 2), {
-        mode: 0o600,
-    });
-};
-
-const requireSession = (): Client => {
-    let client: Client | null;
-    try {
-        client = loadSession(sessionPath);
-    } catch (err) {
-        stderr.write(
-            `${err instanceof Error ? err.message : err}\n` +
-                `Run "quak logout" and then "quak login" to replace it.\n`,
-        );
-        process.exit(1);
-    }
-    if (!client) {
-        stderr.write(
-            `Not logged in. Run "quak login" first.\nSession file: ${sessionPath}\n`,
-        );
-        process.exit(1);
-    }
-    return client;
-};
-
-const prompt = async (message: string): Promise<string> => input({ message });
-
-const promptSecret = async (message: string): Promise<string> =>
-    passwordPrompt({ message, mask: true });
 
 const program = new Command();
 
@@ -70,51 +34,28 @@ program
             "(default: the per-user cache directory)",
     );
 
-// The `--cache-dir` global, or undefined to let the library pick its per-user
+const context = (): CliContext => ({
-// default keyed by the account id.
+    stdout,
-const cacheDirOption = (): string | undefined =>
+    stderr,
-    program.opts<{ cacheDir?: string }>().cacheDir;
+    sessionDir: paths.data,
-
+    cacheDir: program.opts<{ cacheDir?: string }>().cacheDir,
-// A library client that omits `fetchMLData`, so the point commands below do not
+    loadSession,
-// kick the library's background ML backfill: they read metadata, or fetch one
-// file's content, and exit. `backup` and `backup-metadata` handle ML on their
-// own terms. The content source is kept so `get`/`get-thumb`/`--exif` can fetch
-// originals through the on-disk cache.
-const readLibraryClient = (client: Client): LibraryClient => ({
-    whoami: () => client.whoami(),
-    collectionsSince: (args) => client.collectionsSince(args),
-    filesSince: (args) => client.filesSince(args),
-    contentSource: () => client.contentSource(),
 });
 
-// Open a library for a single point command: the aggressive background precache
+// Run a command and exit with its code once stdout/stderr have drained.
-// (issue #48) is off — a one-shot `collections` or `get` must not start
+// Exiting before the drain can truncate piped output, and the library can keep
-// downloading the whole account — and the refresh interval is long so no second
+// the event loop alive after a command returns, so a plain return could hang.
-// refresh fires mid-command.
+const run = async (command: Promise<number>): Promise<void> => {
-const openReadLibrary = (client: Client): Promise<Library> =>
+    process.exitCode = await command;
-    Library.open({
-        client: readLibraryClient(client),
-        cacheDirectory: cacheDirOption(),
-        refreshIntervalSeconds: 3600,
-        precacheThumbnails: false,
-        precacheOriginals: false,
-    });
-
-// Close the library and exit once stdout/stderr have drained. `process.exit`
-// alone can truncate buffered piped output, and the library keeps the event
-// loop alive with a background refresh, so a plain return could hang; this does
-// neither.
-const finish = (lib: Library | undefined, code: number): void => {
-    lib?.close();
     const pending = [stdout, stderr].filter((s) => s.writableLength > 0);
     if (pending.length === 0) {
-        process.exit(code);
+        process.exit();
         return;
     }
     let remaining = pending.length;
     for (const s of pending) {
         s.once("drain", () => {
-            if (--remaining === 0) process.exit(code);
+            if (--remaining === 0) process.exit();
         });
     }
 };
@@ -122,93 +63,25 @@ const finish = (lib: Library | undefined, code: number): void => {
 program
     .command("login")
     .description("Log in to an Ente account and save the session")
-    .action(async () => {
+    .action(() => run(loginCommand(context())));
-        await init();
-        const email = process.env.QUAK_EMAIL ?? (await prompt("Email"));
-        const password =
-            process.env.QUAK_PASSWORD ?? (await promptSecret("Password"));
-
-        stderr.write("Authenticating...\n");
-        try {
-            const client = await Client.login({
-                email,
-                password,
-                totp: async () => prompt("TOTP code: "),
-                emailOTP: async () => prompt("Email verification code: "),
-            });
-
-            saveSession(client.toJSON());
-            const info = client.whoami();
-            stderr.write(`Logged in as ${info.email} (user ${info.userID})\n`);
-            stderr.write(`Session saved to ${sessionPath}\n`);
-        } catch (err) {
-            stderr.write(
-                `Login failed: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : err}\n`,
-            );
-            process.exit(1);
-        }
-    });
 
 program
     .command("whoami")
     .description("Print the logged-in account")
-    .action(async () => {
+    .action(() => run(whoamiCommand(context())));
-        await init();
-        const client = requireSession();
-        const info = client.whoami();
-        stdout.write(JSON.stringify(info) + "\n");
-    });
 
 program
     .command("logout")
     .description("Delete the saved session")
-    .action(async () => {
+    .action(() => run(logoutCommand(context())));
-        if (existsSync(sessionPath)) {
-            const { unlinkSync } = await import("node:fs");
-            unlinkSync(sessionPath);
-            stderr.write("Session deleted.\n");
-        } else {
-            stderr.write("No session found.\n");
-        }
-    });
 
 program
     .command("collections")
     .description("List all collections (albums)")
     .option("--json", "Output as JSON array")
-    .action(async (opts: { json?: boolean }) => {
+    .action((opts: { json?: boolean }) =>
-        await init();
+        run(collectionsCommand(context(), opts)),
-        const client = requireSession();
+    );
-        const lib = await openReadLibrary(client);
-        // Force a server round-trip and list in enumeration order (issue #36
-        // amendment, issue #52): the pre-library CLI printed current state in
-        // this order, not the albums projection's newest-first order.
-        const collections = await freshCollections(lib);
-
-        if (opts.json) {
-            stdout.write(
-                JSON.stringify(
-                    collections.map((c) => ({
-                        id: c.id,
-                        name: c.name,
-                        type: c.type,
-                        ownerID: c.ownerID,
-                        isShared: c.isShared,
-                        updationTime: c.updationTime,
-                    })),
-                    null,
-                    2,
-                ) + "\n",
-            );
-        } else {
-            for (const c of collections) {
-                stdout.write(
-                    `${c.id}\t${c.type}\t${c.name}${c.isShared ? " (shared)" : ""}\n`,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        finish(lib, 0);
-    });
 
 program
     .command("files")
@@ -218,39 +91,9 @@ program
         "Collection ID (from `quak collections`)",
     )
     .option("--json", "Output as JSON array")
-    .action(async (opts: { collection: string; json?: boolean }) => {
+    .action((opts: { collection: string; json?: boolean }) =>
-        await init();
+        run(filesCommand(context(), opts)),
-        const client = requireSession();
+    );
-        const collectionID = Number(opts.collection);
-        if (!Number.isFinite(collectionID)) {
-            stderr.write("Invalid collection ID\n");
-            process.exit(1);
-        }
-
-        const lib = await openReadLibrary(client);
-        // Force a server round-trip and list in enumeration order (issue #36
-        // amendment, issue #52). Each file prints from its own decrypted
-        // metadata (raw title, microsecond creationTime) via cli-output, and in
-        // the pre-library CLI's enumeration order, not the projection's
-        // newest-first order.
-        const files = await freshFiles(lib, collectionID);
-        if (!files) {
-            stderr.write(`Collection ${collectionID} not found\n`);
-            finish(lib, 1);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (opts.json) {
-            stdout.write(
-                JSON.stringify(files.map(fileListRow), null, 2) + "\n",
-            );
-        } else {
-            for (const file of files) {
-                stdout.write(fileListLine(file) + "\n");
-            }
-        }
-        finish(lib, 0);
-    });
 
 program
     .command("get")
@@ -258,34 +101,9 @@ program
     .argument("<fileID>", "File ID (from `quak files`)")
     .option("--out <path>", "Output file path")
     .option("--collection <id>", "Accepted for compatibility; ignored")
-    .action(async (fileIDStr: string, opts: { out?: string }) => {
+    .action((fileID: string, opts: { out?: string }) =>
-        await init();
+        run(getCommand(context(), fileID, opts)),
-        const client = requireSession();
+    );
-        const fileID = Number(fileIDStr);
-        if (!Number.isFinite(fileID)) {
-            stderr.write("Invalid file ID\n");
-            process.exit(1);
-        }
-
-        const lib = await openReadLibrary(client);
-        // Force a server round-trip so the file resolves against current state
-        // (issue #36 amendment, issue #52).
-        const resolved = await freshFile(lib, fileID);
-        if (!resolved) {
-            stderr.write(`File ${fileID} not found\n`);
-            finish(lib, 1);
-            return;
-        }
-        const { photo, file } = resolved;
-
-        const result = await photo.original();
-        // Default name is the file's own title, as the pre-library CLI used
-        // (not the editedName-preferring projection title) (issue #52).
-        const outPath = opts.out ?? originalName(file);
-        copyFileSync(result.path, outPath);
-        stderr.write(`${result.bytes} bytes -> ${outPath}\n`);
-        finish(lib, 0);
-    });
 
 program
     .command("get-thumb")
@@ -293,34 +111,9 @@ program
     .argument("<fileID>", "File ID (from `quak files`)")
     .option("--out <path>", "Output file path")
     .option("--collection <id>", "Accepted for compatibility; ignored")
-    .action(async (fileIDStr: string, opts: { out?: string }) => {
+    .action((fileID: string, opts: { out?: string }) =>
-        await init();
+        run(getThumbCommand(context(), fileID, opts)),
-        const client = requireSession();
+    );
-        const fileID = Number(fileIDStr);
-        if (!Number.isFinite(fileID)) {
-            stderr.write("Invalid file ID\n");
-            process.exit(1);
-        }
-
-        const lib = await openReadLibrary(client);
-        // Force a server round-trip so the file resolves against current state
-        // (issue #36 amendment, issue #52).
-        const resolved = await freshFile(lib, fileID);
-        if (!resolved) {
-            stderr.write(`File ${fileID} not found\n`);
-            finish(lib, 1);
-            return;
-        }
-        const { photo, file } = resolved;
-
-        const result = await photo.thumbnail();
-        // Default name is thumb_<file's own title>, as the pre-library CLI
-        // used (not the projection title) (issue #52).
-        const outPath = opts.out ?? thumbnailName(file);
-        copyFileSync(result.path, outPath);
-        stderr.write(`${result.bytes} bytes -> ${outPath}\n`);
-        finish(lib, 0);
-    });
 
 program
     .command("backup-metadata")
@@ -333,16 +126,9 @@ program
         "Download each file and extract full EXIF/IPTC/XMP metadata (slow)",
     )
     .option("--all", "Alias for --exif")
-    .action(async (dir: string, opts: { exif?: boolean; all?: boolean }) => {
+    .action((dir: string, opts: { exif?: boolean; all?: boolean }) =>
-        await init();
+        run(backupMetadataCommand(context(), dir, opts)),
-        const client = requireSession();
+    );
-        const lib = await openReadLibrary(client);
-        await runMetadataBackup(lib, client, dir, {
-            exif: opts.exif || opts.all,
-            onProgress: (msg) => stderr.write(msg + "\n"),
-        });
-        finish(lib, 0);
-    });
 
 program
     .command("backup")
@@ -351,43 +137,9 @@ program
     )
     .argument("<dir>", "Output directory")
     .option("--json", "Print result as JSON instead of human-readable summary")
-    .action(async (dir: string, opts: { json?: boolean }) => {
+    .action((dir: string, opts: { json?: boolean }) =>
-        await init();
+        run(backupCommand(context(), dir, opts)),
-        const client = requireSession();
+    );
-
-        stderr.write("Starting backup...\n");
-        const lib = await Library.open({
-            client,
-            downloadDirectory: dir,
-            cacheDirectory: cacheDirOption(),
-        });
-        const result = await lib.backup({
-            downloadDirectory: dir,
-            onProgress: (msg) => {
-                if (!opts.json) stderr.write(msg + "\n");
-            },
-        });
-
-        if (opts.json) {
-            stdout.write(JSON.stringify(result, null, 2) + "\n");
-        } else {
-            stderr.write("\n--- Backup complete ---\n");
-            stderr.write(`  Total files: ${result.totalFiles}\n`);
-            stderr.write(`  Downloaded:  ${result.downloaded}\n`);
-            stderr.write(`  Skipped:     ${result.skipped}\n`);
-            stderr.write(`  Failed:      ${result.failed}\n`);
-            if (result.errors.length > 0) {
-                stderr.write("\nFailed files:\n");
-                for (const e of result.errors) {
-                    stderr.write(
-                        `  [${e.collection}] ${e.title} (id ${e.fileID}): ${e.error}\n`,
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        finish(lib, result.failed > 0 ? 1 : 0);
-    });
 
 const helper = program
     .command("helper")
@@ -397,32 +149,9 @@ helper
     .command("list-missing-thumbnails")
     .description("List files whose thumbnails are missing or empty")
     .option("--json", "Output as JSON array")
-    .action(async (opts: { json?: boolean }) => {
+    .action((opts: { json?: boolean }) =>
-        await init();
+        run(listMissingThumbnailsCommand(context(), opts)),
-        const client = requireSession();
+    );
-        const lib = await openReadLibrary(client);
-        const missing = await listMissingThumbnails(lib, client, (msg) => {
-            if (!opts.json) stderr.write(msg + "\n");
-        });
-
-        if (opts.json) {
-            stdout.write(JSON.stringify(missing, null, 2) + "\n");
-        } else {
-            if (missing.length === 0) {
-                stderr.write("No missing thumbnails found.\n");
-            } else {
-                stderr.write(
-                    `\n${missing.length} file(s) with missing thumbnails:\n`,
-                );
-                for (const m of missing) {
-                    stdout.write(
-                        `${m.fileID}\t${m.title}\t${m.collection}\t${m.reason}\n`,
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        finish(lib, 0);
-    });
 
 helper
     .command("fix-missing-thumbnails")
@@ -434,65 +163,9 @@ helper
         "Specific file IDs to fix (default: fix all missing)",
     )
     .option("--json", "Output as JSON")
-    .action(async (opts: { file?: string[]; json?: boolean }) => {
+    .action((opts: { file?: string[]; json?: boolean }) =>
-        await init();
+        run(fixMissingThumbnailsCommand(context(), opts)),
-        const client = requireSession();
+    );
-        const lib = await openReadLibrary(client);
-
-        let fileIDs: number[];
-        if (opts.file && opts.file.length > 0) {
-            fileIDs = opts.file.map(Number).filter(Number.isFinite);
-        } else {
-            stderr.write("Scanning for missing thumbnails...\n");
-            const missing = await listMissingThumbnails(lib, client, (msg) => {
-                if (!opts.json) stderr.write(msg + "\n");
-            });
-            fileIDs = missing.map((m) => m.fileID);
-            if (fileIDs.length === 0) {
-                stderr.write("No missing thumbnails found.\n");
-                finish(lib, 0);
-                return;
-            }
-            stderr.write(`Found ${fileIDs.length} file(s) to fix.\n`);
-        }
-
-        const results = await fixMissingThumbnails(
-            lib,
-            client,
-            fileIDs,
-            (msg) => {
-                if (!opts.json) stderr.write(msg + "\n");
-            },
-        );
-
-        if (opts.json) {
-            stdout.write(JSON.stringify(results, null, 2) + "\n");
-        } else {
-            const fixed = results.filter((r) => r.status === "fixed").length;
-            const skipped = results.filter(
-                (r) => r.status === "skipped",
-            ).length;
-            const failed = results.filter((r) => r.status === "failed").length;
-            stderr.write(`\n--- Done ---\n`);
-            stderr.write(`  Fixed:   ${fixed}\n`);
-            stderr.write(`  Skipped: ${skipped}\n`);
-            stderr.write(`  Failed:  ${failed}\n`);
-            if (skipped > 0) {
-                stderr.write("\nSkipped (unsupported format):\n");
-                for (const r of results.filter((r) => r.status === "skipped")) {
-                    stderr.write(`  ${r.fileID}\t${r.title}\t${r.reason}\n`);
-                }
-            }
-            if (failed > 0) {
-                stderr.write("\nFailed files:\n");
-                for (const r of results.filter((r) => r.status === "failed")) {
-                    stderr.write(`  ${r.fileID}\t${r.title}\t${r.reason}\n`);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        finish(lib, results.some((r) => r.status === "failed") ? 1 : 0);
-    });
 
 await init();
 program.parse();

src/cli-commands.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+// The CLI's commands as plain functions.
+//
+// Each command takes its options and a `CliContext` and resolves to the exit
+// code; a thrown error is left to the caller. Nothing here calls
+// `process.exit`: `bin/quak.ts` wires these to the command line and exits with
+// the returned code once output has drained. Output must stay byte-identical
+// (see `cli-output.ts`).
+
+import { input, password as passwordPrompt } from "@inquirer/prompts";
+import {
+    copyFileSync,
+    existsSync,
+    mkdirSync,
+    unlinkSync,
+    writeFileSync,
+} from "node:fs";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+import { Client, type ClientSnapshot } from "./client.js";
+import { init } from "./crypto/index.js";
+import { Library, type LibraryClient } from "./library/index.js";
+import {
+    fileListRow,
+    fileListLine,
+    originalName,
+    thumbnailName,
+} from "./cli-output.js";
+import { freshCollections, freshFiles, freshFile } from "./cli-read.js";
+import { runMetadataBackup } from "./metadata-backup.js";
+import { listMissingThumbnails, fixMissingThumbnails } from "./thumbnails.js";
+
+export interface CliContext {
+    stdout: { write(text: string): unknown };
+    stderr: { write(text: string): unknown };
+    // Directory holding `session.json`.
+    sessionDir: string;
+    // The `--cache-dir` global, or undefined to let the library pick its
+    // per-user default keyed by the account id.
+    cacheDir?: string;
+    // Reads the session file into a client, or null when there is none. The
+    // CLI passes `loadSession` from `cli-session.ts`; tests pass a fake client.
+    loadSession: (path: string) => Client | null;
+}
+
+const sessionPath = (ctx: CliContext): string =>
+    join(ctx.sessionDir, "session.json");
+
+// Write the session readable by its owner only, in a directory only its owner
+// can enter.
+export const saveSession = (
+    sessionDir: string,
+    snapshot: ClientSnapshot,
+): void => {
+    mkdirSync(sessionDir, { recursive: true, mode: 0o700 });
+    writeFileSync(
+        join(sessionDir, "session.json"),
+        JSON.stringify(snapshot, null, 2),
+        { mode: 0o600 },
+    );
+};
+
+// The saved client, or undefined after telling the user why there is none.
+const requireSession = (ctx: CliContext): Client | undefined => {
+    let client: Client | null;
+    try {
+        client = ctx.loadSession(sessionPath(ctx));
+    } catch (err) {
+        ctx.stderr.write(
+            `${err instanceof Error ? err.message : err}\n` +
+                `Run "quak logout" and then "quak login" to replace it.\n`,
+        );
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    if (!client) {
+        ctx.stderr.write(
+            `Not logged in. Run "quak login" first.\nSession file: ${sessionPath(ctx)}\n`,
+        );
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    return client;
+};
+
+// A library client that omits `fetchMLData`, so the point commands below do not
+// kick the library's background ML backfill: they read metadata, or fetch one
+// file's content, and exit. `backup` and `backup-metadata` handle ML on their
+// own terms. The content source is kept so `get`/`get-thumb`/`--exif` can fetch
+// originals through the on-disk cache.
+const readLibraryClient = (client: Client): LibraryClient => ({
+    whoami: () => client.whoami(),
+    collectionsSince: (args) => client.collectionsSince(args),
+    filesSince: (args) => client.filesSince(args),
+    contentSource: () => client.contentSource(),
+});
+
+// Open a library for a single point command: the aggressive background precache
+// (issue #48) is off — a one-shot `collections` or `get` must not start
+// downloading the whole account — and the refresh interval is long so no second
+// refresh fires mid-command.
+const openReadLibrary = (ctx: CliContext, client: Client): Promise<Library> =>
+    Library.open({
+        client: readLibraryClient(client),
+        cacheDirectory: ctx.cacheDir,
+        refreshIntervalSeconds: 3600,
+        precacheThumbnails: false,
+        precacheOriginals: false,
+    });
+
+const prompt = async (message: string): Promise<string> => input({ message });
+
+const promptSecret = async (message: string): Promise<string> =>
+    passwordPrompt({ message, mask: true });
+
+export const loginCommand = async (ctx: CliContext): Promise<number> => {
+    await init();
+    const email = process.env.QUAK_EMAIL ?? (await prompt("Email"));
+    const password =
+        process.env.QUAK_PASSWORD ?? (await promptSecret("Password"));
+
+    ctx.stderr.write("Authenticating...\n");
+    try {
+        const client = await Client.login({
+            email,
+            password,
+            totp: async () => prompt("TOTP code: "),
+            emailOTP: async () => prompt("Email verification code: "),
+        });
+
+        saveSession(ctx.sessionDir, client.toJSON());
+        const info = client.whoami();
+        ctx.stderr.write(`Logged in as ${info.email} (user ${info.userID})\n`);
+        ctx.stderr.write(`Session saved to ${sessionPath(ctx)}\n`);
+    } catch (err) {
+        ctx.stderr.write(
+            `Login failed: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : err}\n`,
+        );
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+};
+
+export const whoamiCommand = async (ctx: CliContext): Promise<number> => {
+    await init();
+    const client = requireSession(ctx);
+    if (!client) return 1;
+    const info = client.whoami();
+    ctx.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(info) + "\n");
+    return 0;
+};
+
+export const logoutCommand = async (ctx: CliContext): Promise<number> => {
+    if (existsSync(sessionPath(ctx))) {
+        unlinkSync(sessionPath(ctx));
+        ctx.stderr.write("Session deleted.\n");
+    } else {
+        ctx.stderr.write("No session found.\n");
+    }
+    return 0;
+};
+
+export const collectionsCommand = async (
+    ctx: CliContext,
+    opts: { json?: boolean },
+): Promise<number> => {
+    await init();
+    const client = requireSession(ctx);
+    if (!client) return 1;
+    const lib = await openReadLibrary(ctx, client);
+    try {
+        // Force a server round-trip and list in enumeration order (issue #36
+        // amendment, issue #52): the pre-library CLI printed current state in
+        // this order, not the albums projection's newest-first order.
+        const collections = await freshCollections(lib);
+
+        if (opts.json) {
+            ctx.stdout.write(
+                JSON.stringify(
+                    collections.map((c) => ({
+                        id: c.id,
+                        name: c.name,
+                        type: c.type,
+                        ownerID: c.ownerID,
+                        isShared: c.isShared,
+                        updationTime: c.updationTime,
+                    })),
+                    null,
+                    2,
+                ) + "\n",
+            );
+        } else {
+            for (const c of collections) {
+                ctx.stdout.write(
+                    `${c.id}\t${c.type}\t${c.name}${c.isShared ? " (shared)" : ""}\n`,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    } finally {
+        lib.close();
+    }
+};
+
+export const filesCommand = async (
+    ctx: CliContext,
+    opts: { collection: string; json?: boolean },
+): Promise<number> => {
+    await init();
+    const client = requireSession(ctx);
+    if (!client) return 1;
+    const collectionID = Number(opts.collection);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(collectionID)) {
+        ctx.stderr.write("Invalid collection ID\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    const lib = await openReadLibrary(ctx, client);
+    try {
+        // Force a server round-trip and list in enumeration order (issue #36
+        // amendment, issue #52). Each file prints from its own decrypted
+        // metadata (raw title, microsecond creationTime) via cli-output, and in
+        // the pre-library CLI's enumeration order, not the projection's
+        // newest-first order.
+        const files = await freshFiles(lib, collectionID);
+        if (!files) {
+            ctx.stderr.write(`Collection ${collectionID} not found\n`);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (opts.json) {
+            ctx.stdout.write(
+                JSON.stringify(files.map(fileListRow), null, 2) + "\n",
+            );
+        } else {
+            for (const file of files) {
+                ctx.stdout.write(fileListLine(file) + "\n");
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    } finally {
+        lib.close();
+    }
+};
+
+export const getCommand = async (
+    ctx: CliContext,
+    fileIDStr: string,
+    opts: { out?: string },
+): Promise<number> => {
+    await init();
+    const client = requireSession(ctx);
+    if (!client) return 1;
+    const fileID = Number(fileIDStr);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(fileID)) {
+        ctx.stderr.write("Invalid file ID\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    const lib = await openReadLibrary(ctx, client);
+    try {
+        // Force a server round-trip so the file resolves against current state
+        // (issue #36 amendment, issue #52).
+        const resolved = await freshFile(lib, fileID);
+        if (!resolved) {
+            ctx.stderr.write(`File ${fileID} not found\n`);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        const { photo, file } = resolved;
+
+        const result = await photo.original();
+        // Default name is the file's own title, as the pre-library CLI used
+        // (not the editedName-preferring projection title) (issue #52).
+        const outPath = opts.out ?? originalName(file);
+        copyFileSync(result.path, outPath);
+        ctx.stderr.write(`${result.bytes} bytes -> ${outPath}\n`);
+        return 0;
+    } finally {
+        lib.close();
+    }
+};
+
+export const getThumbCommand = async (
+    ctx: CliContext,
+    fileIDStr: string,
+    opts: { out?: string },
+): Promise<number> => {
+    await init();
+    const client = requireSession(ctx);
+    if (!client) return 1;
+    const fileID = Number(fileIDStr);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(fileID)) {
+        ctx.stderr.write("Invalid file ID\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    const lib = await openReadLibrary(ctx, client);
+    try {
+        // Force a server round-trip so the file resolves against current state
+        // (issue #36 amendment, issue #52).
+        const resolved = await freshFile(lib, fileID);
+        if (!resolved) {
+            ctx.stderr.write(`File ${fileID} not found\n`);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        const { photo, file } = resolved;
+
+        const result = await photo.thumbnail();
+        // Default name is thumb_<file's own title>, as the pre-library CLI
+        // used (not the projection title) (issue #52).
+        const outPath = opts.out ?? thumbnailName(file);
+        copyFileSync(result.path, outPath);
+        ctx.stderr.write(`${result.bytes} bytes -> ${outPath}\n`);
+        return 0;
+    } finally {
+        lib.close();
+    }
+};
+
+export const backupMetadataCommand = async (
+    ctx: CliContext,
+    dir: string,
+    opts: { exif?: boolean; all?: boolean },
+): Promise<number> => {
+    await init();
+    const client = requireSession(ctx);
+    if (!client) return 1;
+    const lib = await openReadLibrary(ctx, client);
+    try {
+        await runMetadataBackup(lib, client, dir, {
+            exif: opts.exif || opts.all,
+            onProgress: (msg) => ctx.stderr.write(msg + "\n"),
+        });
+        return 0;
+    } finally {
+        lib.close();
+    }
+};
+
+export const backupCommand = async (
+    ctx: CliContext,
+    dir: string,
+    opts: { json?: boolean },
+): Promise<number> => {
+    await init();
+    const client = requireSession(ctx);
+    if (!client) return 1;
+
+    ctx.stderr.write("Starting backup...\n");
+    const lib = await Library.open({
+        client,
+        downloadDirectory: dir,
+        cacheDirectory: ctx.cacheDir,
+    });
+    try {
+        const result = await lib.backup({
+            downloadDirectory: dir,
+            onProgress: (msg) => {
+                if (!opts.json) ctx.stderr.write(msg + "\n");
+            },
+        });
+
+        if (opts.json) {
+            ctx.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(result, null, 2) + "\n");
+        } else {
+            ctx.stderr.write("\n--- Backup complete ---\n");
+            ctx.stderr.write(`  Total files: ${result.totalFiles}\n`);
+            ctx.stderr.write(`  Downloaded:  ${result.downloaded}\n`);
+            ctx.stderr.write(`  Skipped:     ${result.skipped}\n`);
+            ctx.stderr.write(`  Failed:      ${result.failed}\n`);
+            if (result.errors.length > 0) {
+                ctx.stderr.write("\nFailed files:\n");
+                for (const e of result.errors) {
+                    ctx.stderr.write(
+                        `  [${e.collection}] ${e.title} (id ${e.fileID}): ${e.error}\n`,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result.failed > 0 ? 1 : 0;
+    } finally {
+        lib.close();
+    }
+};
+
+export const listMissingThumbnailsCommand = async (
+    ctx: CliContext,
+    opts: { json?: boolean },
+): Promise<number> => {
+    await init();
+    const client = requireSession(ctx);
+    if (!client) return 1;
+    const lib = await openReadLibrary(ctx, client);
+    try {
+        const missing = await listMissingThumbnails(lib, client, (msg) => {
+            if (!opts.json) ctx.stderr.write(msg + "\n");
+        });
+
+        if (opts.json) {
+            ctx.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(missing, null, 2) + "\n");
+        } else {
+            if (missing.length === 0) {
+                ctx.stderr.write("No missing thumbnails found.\n");
+            } else {
+                ctx.stderr.write(
+                    `\n${missing.length} file(s) with missing thumbnails:\n`,
+                );
+                for (const m of missing) {
+                    ctx.stdout.write(
+                        `${m.fileID}\t${m.title}\t${m.collection}\t${m.reason}\n`,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    } finally {
+        lib.close();
+    }
+};
+
+export const fixMissingThumbnailsCommand = async (
+    ctx: CliContext,
+    opts: { file?: string[]; json?: boolean },
+): Promise<number> => {
+    await init();
+    const client = requireSession(ctx);
+    if (!client) return 1;
+    const lib = await openReadLibrary(ctx, client);
+    try {
+        let fileIDs: number[];
+        if (opts.file && opts.file.length > 0) {
+            fileIDs = opts.file.map(Number).filter(Number.isFinite);
+        } else {
+            ctx.stderr.write("Scanning for missing thumbnails...\n");
+            const missing = await listMissingThumbnails(lib, client, (msg) => {
+                if (!opts.json) ctx.stderr.write(msg + "\n");
+            });
+            fileIDs = missing.map((m) => m.fileID);
+            if (fileIDs.length === 0) {
+                ctx.stderr.write("No missing thumbnails found.\n");
+                return 0;
+            }
+            ctx.stderr.write(`Found ${fileIDs.length} file(s) to fix.\n`);
+        }
+
+        const results = await fixMissingThumbnails(
+            lib,
+            client,
+            fileIDs,
+            (msg) => {
+                if (!opts.json) ctx.stderr.write(msg + "\n");
+            },
+        );
+
+        if (opts.json) {
+            ctx.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(results, null, 2) + "\n");
+        } else {
+            const fixed = results.filter((r) => r.status === "fixed").length;
+            const skipped = results.filter(
+                (r) => r.status === "skipped",
+            ).length;
+            const failed = results.filter((r) => r.status === "failed").length;
+            ctx.stderr.write(`\n--- Done ---\n`);
+            ctx.stderr.write(`  Fixed:   ${fixed}\n`);
+            ctx.stderr.write(`  Skipped: ${skipped}\n`);
+            ctx.stderr.write(`  Failed:  ${failed}\n`);
+            if (skipped > 0) {
+                ctx.stderr.write("\nSkipped (unsupported format):\n");
+                for (const r of results.filter((r) => r.status === "skipped")) {
+                    ctx.stderr.write(
+                        `  ${r.fileID}\t${r.title}\t${r.reason}\n`,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            if (failed > 0) {
+                ctx.stderr.write("\nFailed files:\n");
+                for (const r of results.filter((r) => r.status === "failed")) {
+                    ctx.stderr.write(
+                        `  ${r.fileID}\t${r.title}\t${r.reason}\n`,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return results.some((r) => r.status === "failed") ? 1 : 0;
+    } finally {
+        lib.close();
+    }
+};

test/cli/commands.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for the CLI commands (`src/cli-commands.ts`, issue #12).
+ *
+ * Each command is called directly with a context whose output streams collect
+ * text, whose session directory is a fresh temp directory, and whose session
+ * loader hands back a fake client. The fake serves two albums and three files
+ * from memory, writes stand-in bytes for originals and thumbnails, and makes no
+ * network calls. The helpers the commands call (`cli-read`, `cli-output`,
+ * backup, thumbnails) have their own tests; these check what each command
+ * prints and the exit code it returns.
+ */
+
+import {
+    existsSync,
+    mkdtempSync,
+    readFileSync,
+    rmSync,
+    statSync,
+    writeFileSync,
+} from "node:fs";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+
+import {
+    type CliContext,
+    saveSession,
+    whoamiCommand,
+    logoutCommand,
+    collectionsCommand,
+    filesCommand,
+    getCommand,
+    getThumbCommand,
+    backupCommand,
+    listMissingThumbnailsCommand,
+} from "../../src/cli-commands.js";
+import { loadSession } from "../../src/cli-session.js";
+import type { Client, ClientSnapshot } from "../../src/client.js";
+import type { ContentSource } from "../../src/library/content.js";
+import type { Collection, EnteFile } from "../../src/model/types.js";
+import { init } from "../../src/crypto/index.js";
+
+const USER_ID = 42;
+
+const collection = (
+    id: number,
+    name: string,
+    isShared = false,
+): Collection => ({
+    id,
+    ownerID: USER_ID,
+    key: new Uint8Array([id]),
+    name,
+    type: "album",
+    updationTime: 1,
+    isShared,
+});
+
+const file = (id: number, collectionID: number, title: string): EnteFile => ({
+    id,
+    collectionID,
+    ownerID: USER_ID,
+    key: new Uint8Array([id & 0xff]),
+    metadata: {
+        title,
+        fileType: "image",
+        creationTime: 1000,
+        modificationTime: 1000,
+    },
+    file: { decryptionHeader: "aGVhZGVy" },
+    thumbnail: { decryptionHeader: "dGh1bWI=" },
+    updationTime: 1,
+});
+
+const COLLECTIONS = [collection(1, "Vacation"), collection(2, "Work", true)];
+
+const FILES: Record<number, EnteFile[]> = {
+    1: [file(100, 1, "beach.jpg"), file(101, 1, "sunset.jpg")],
+    2: [file(200, 2, "diagram.png")],
+};
+
+// An original is 7 bytes and a thumbnail 3. `failID` makes that file's
+// original fail; `emptyThumbID` makes the server report that file's
+// thumbnail as empty.
+const fakeClient = (opts: { failID?: number; emptyThumbID?: number } = {}) => {
+    const source: ContentSource = {
+        original: async ({ file: f, destination }) => {
+            if (f.id === opts.failID) throw new Error("HTTP 500 from server");
+            writeFileSync(destination, Buffer.alloc(7, f.id & 0xff));
+            return { bytesWritten: 7 };
+        },
+        thumbnail: async ({ file: f, destination }) => {
+            writeFileSync(destination, Buffer.alloc(3, f.id & 0xff));
+            return { bytesWritten: 3 };
+        },
+    };
+    const fake = {
+        whoami: () => ({ email: "cli@example.com", userID: USER_ID }),
+        collectionsSince: async () => ({
+            collections: COLLECTIONS,
+            deleted: [],
+            cursor: 1,
+        }),
+        filesSince: async (args: { collectionID: number }) => ({
+            files: FILES[args.collectionID] ?? [],
+            deleted: [],
+            cursor: 1,
+        }),
+        contentSource: () => source,
+        getApiClient: () => ({
+            getThumbnailStream: async (fileID: number) =>
+                new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
+                    start(controller) {
+                        if (fileID !== opts.emptyThumbID) {
+                            controller.enqueue(new Uint8Array(3));
+                        }
+                        controller.close();
+                    },
+                }),
+        }),
+    };
+    // The commands only call the methods above.
+    return fake as unknown as Client;
+};
+
+// Collects everything written to it.
+class Output {
+    text = "";
+    write(text: string): void {
+        this.text += text;
+    }
+}
+
+let root: string;
+let stdout: Output;
+let stderr: Output;
+
+const context = (client: Client | null = fakeClient()): CliContext => ({
+    stdout,
+    stderr,
+    sessionDir: join(root, "session"),
+    cacheDir: join(root, "cache"),
+    loadSession: () => client,
+});
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+    await init();
+});
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+    root = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "quak-cli-test-"));
+    stdout = new Output();
+    stderr = new Output();
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+    rmSync(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+describe("session file", () => {
+    const snapshot: ClientSnapshot = {
+        email: "cli@example.com",
+        userID: USER_ID,
+        token: "token",
+        masterKey: "a",
+        secretKey: "b",
+        publicKey: "c",
+    };
+
+    it("is written with mode 0600 in a directory with mode 0700", () => {
+        const dir = join(root, "new", "session");
+        saveSession(dir, snapshot);
+        expect(statSync(dir).mode & 0o777).toBe(0o700);
+        const path = join(dir, "session.json");
+        expect(statSync(path).mode & 0o777).toBe(0o600);
+        expect(JSON.parse(readFileSync(path, "utf-8"))).toEqual(snapshot);
+    });
+
+    it("is removed by logout", async () => {
+        const ctx = context();
+        saveSession(ctx.sessionDir, snapshot);
+        expect(await logoutCommand(ctx)).toBe(0);
+        expect(existsSync(join(ctx.sessionDir, "session.json"))).toBe(false);
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe("Session deleted.\n");
+    });
+
+    it("logout without a session says so and exits 0", async () => {
+        expect(await logoutCommand(context())).toBe(0);
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe("No session found.\n");
+    });
+
+    it("a missing session exits 1 with 'Not logged in'", async () => {
+        const ctx = { ...context(), loadSession };
+        expect(await whoamiCommand(ctx)).toBe(1);
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe(
+            `Not logged in. Run "quak login" first.\n` +
+                `Session file: ${join(ctx.sessionDir, "session.json")}\n`,
+        );
+        expect(stdout.text).toBe("");
+    });
+
+    it("a corrupt session exits 1 and says it is corrupt", async () => {
+        const ctx = { ...context(), loadSession };
+        saveSession(ctx.sessionDir, snapshot);
+        expect(await collectionsCommand(ctx, {})).toBe(1);
+        expect(stderr.text).toContain("is corrupt");
+        expect(stderr.text).toContain(
+            `Run "quak logout" and then "quak login" to replace it.\n`,
+        );
+        expect(stdout.text).toBe("");
+    });
+});
+
+describe("whoami", () => {
+    it("prints the account as one line of JSON", async () => {
+        expect(await whoamiCommand(context())).toBe(0);
+        expect(stdout.text).toBe(
+            `{"email":"cli@example.com","userID":${USER_ID}}\n`,
+        );
+    });
+});
+
+describe("collections", () => {
+    it("prints one tab-separated line per album", async () => {
+        expect(await collectionsCommand(context(), {})).toBe(0);
+        expect(stdout.text).toBe(
+            "1\talbum\tVacation\n" + "2\talbum\tWork (shared)\n",
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("prints a JSON array with --json", async () => {
+        expect(await collectionsCommand(context(), { json: true })).toBe(0);
+        expect(JSON.parse(stdout.text)).toEqual([
+            {
+                id: 1,
+                name: "Vacation",
+                type: "album",
+                ownerID: USER_ID,
+                isShared: false,
+                updationTime: 1,
+            },
+            {
+                id: 2,
+                name: "Work",
+                type: "album",
+                ownerID: USER_ID,
+                isShared: true,
+                updationTime: 1,
+            },
+        ]);
+    });
+});
+
+describe("files", () => {
+    it("prints one tab-separated line per file", async () => {
+        expect(await filesCommand(context(), { collection: "1" })).toBe(0);
+        expect(stdout.text).toBe(
+            "100\timage\tbeach.jpg\n" + "101\timage\tsunset.jpg\n",
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("prints a JSON array with --json", async () => {
+        const code = await filesCommand(context(), {
+            collection: "2",
+            json: true,
+        });
+        expect(code).toBe(0);
+        expect(JSON.parse(stdout.text)).toEqual([
+            {
+                id: 200,
+                title: "diagram.png",
+                fileType: "image",
+                creationTime: 1000,
+                collectionID: 2,
+            },
+        ]);
+    });
+
+    it("exits 1 for an unknown collection", async () => {
+        expect(await filesCommand(context(), { collection: "9" })).toBe(1);
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe("Collection 9 not found\n");
+    });
+
+    it("exits 1 for a collection ID that is not a number", async () => {
+        expect(await filesCommand(context(), { collection: "abc" })).toBe(1);
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe("Invalid collection ID\n");
+    });
+});
+
+describe("get and get-thumb", () => {
+    it("get finds a file in any album without --collection", async () => {
+        const out = join(root, "diagram.png");
+        expect(await getCommand(context(), "200", { out })).toBe(0);
+        expect(readFileSync(out)).toEqual(Buffer.alloc(7, 200));
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe(`7 bytes -> ${out}\n`);
+    });
+
+    it("get-thumb finds a file in any album without --collection", async () => {
+        const out = join(root, "thumb.jpg");
+        expect(await getThumbCommand(context(), "200", { out })).toBe(0);
+        expect(readFileSync(out)).toEqual(Buffer.alloc(3, 200));
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe(`3 bytes -> ${out}\n`);
+    });
+
+    it("get exits 1 when no album has the file", async () => {
+        const out = join(root, "x");
+        expect(await getCommand(context(), "999", { out })).toBe(1);
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe("File 999 not found\n");
+        expect(existsSync(out)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it("get-thumb exits 1 when no album has the file", async () => {
+        const out = join(root, "x");
+        expect(await getThumbCommand(context(), "999", { out })).toBe(1);
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe("File 999 not found\n");
+        expect(existsSync(out)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it("both exit 1 for a file ID that is not a number", async () => {
+        expect(await getCommand(context(), "abc", {})).toBe(1);
+        expect(await getThumbCommand(context(), "abc", {})).toBe(1);
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe("Invalid file ID\nInvalid file ID\n");
+    });
+});
+
+describe("backup", () => {
+    it("exits 0 and prints a summary when every file is saved", async () => {
+        const dir = join(root, "backup");
+        expect(await backupCommand(context(), dir, {})).toBe(0);
+        expect(stderr.text).toContain(
+            "\n--- Backup complete ---\n" +
+                "  Total files: 3\n" +
+                "  Downloaded:  3\n" +
+                "  Skipped:     0\n" +
+                "  Failed:      0\n",
+        );
+        expect(stdout.text).toBe("");
+    });
+
+    it("exits 1 and lists the file when one download fails", async () => {
+        const ctx = context(fakeClient({ failID: 101 }));
+        expect(await backupCommand(ctx, join(root, "backup"), {})).toBe(1);
+        expect(stderr.text).toContain("  Failed:      1\n");
+        expect(stderr.text).toContain(
+            "\nFailed files:\n" +
+                "  [Vacation] sunset.jpg (id 101): HTTP 500 from server\n",
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("prints the result as JSON with --json, still exiting 1 on a failure", async () => {
+        const ctx = context(fakeClient({ failID: 101 }));
+        const code = await backupCommand(ctx, join(root, "backup"), {
+            json: true,
+        });
+        expect(code).toBe(1);
+        const result = JSON.parse(stdout.text);
+        expect(result).toMatchObject({
+            totalFiles: 3,
+            downloaded: 2,
+            skipped: 0,
+            failed: 1,
+        });
+        expect(result.errors[0].fileID).toBe(101);
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe("Starting backup...\n");
+    });
+});
+
+describe("helper list-missing-thumbnails", () => {
+    it("prints one line per file with an empty thumbnail", async () => {
+        const ctx = context(fakeClient({ emptyThumbID: 200 }));
+        expect(await listMissingThumbnailsCommand(ctx, {})).toBe(0);
+        expect(stdout.text).toBe(
+            "200\tdiagram.png\tWork\tempty thumbnail (0 bytes)\n",
+        );
+        expect(stderr.text).toContain("\n1 file(s) with missing thumbnails:\n");
+    });
+
+    it("says so when nothing is missing", async () => {
+        expect(await listMissingThumbnailsCommand(context(), {})).toBe(0);
+        expect(stdout.text).toBe("");
+        expect(stderr.text).toContain("No missing thumbnails found.\n");
+    });
+
+    it("prints a JSON array with --json and no progress", async () => {
+        const ctx = context(fakeClient({ emptyThumbID: 200 }));
+        expect(await listMissingThumbnailsCommand(ctx, { json: true })).toBe(0);
+        expect(JSON.parse(stdout.text)).toEqual([
+            {
+                fileID: 200,
+                title: "diagram.png",
+                collection: "Work",
+                reason: "empty thumbnail (0 bytes)",
+            },
+        ]);
+        expect(stderr.text).toBe("");
+    });
+});